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Li BA, Li BM, Bao Z, Li Q, Xing M, Li B. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane for Malaria and Agricultural Uses and Its Impacts on Human Health. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 111:45. [PMID: 37730942 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used in agriculture and disease control, and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is one of the most used pesticides in human history. Besides its significant contributions in pest control in agriculture, DDT was credited as having saved millions of human lives for controlling malaria and other deadly insect-transmitted diseases. Even today, the use of DDT in some countries for malaria control cannot be replaced without endangering people who live there. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has changed our lives and reminded us of the challenges in dealing with infectious diseases, especially deadly ones including malaria. However, DDT and its metabolites are stable, persist long, are found in almost every corner of the world, and their persistent effects on humans, animals, and the environment must be seriously considered. This review will focus on the history of DDT use for agriculture and malaria control, the pathways for the spread of DDT, benefits and risks of DDT use, DDT exposure to animals, humans, and the environment, and the associated human health risks. These knowledge and findings of DDT will benefit the selection and management of pesticides worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506-9196, WV, USA
- Morgantown High School, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Zhenghong Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506-9196, WV, USA
| | - Qingyang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506-9196, WV, USA
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, and The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, MB, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Bingyun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, 26506-9196, WV, USA.
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Mekonen S, Belete B, Melak F, Ambelu A. Determination of pesticide residues in the serum of flower farm workers: A growing occupational hazards in low income countries. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:293-300. [PMID: 36891507 PMCID: PMC9986620 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethiopia is one the major exporter of cut flowers in East Africa. However, the sector is blamed for the intensive use of pesticides which leads to exposure of workers. This study aims to investigate the level of pesticides in blood serum of flower farm workers as a predictor to occupational exposure. A cross-sectional laboratory based study was conducted in central Ethiopia among 194 flower farm workers. Blood sample were collected from 100 study participants (50 from farm workers and 50 civil servants as control). Blood-serum separation, extraction, and clean-up was performed following standard analytical methods. Ten organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) (o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan, dieldrin, methoxychlor, dibutychloridate), and three pyrethroids (cypermethrin, permethrin and deltamethrin) were detected in the serum of the study participants. From the detected pesticides p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE were observed at high mean concentration (81.5 ± 83.5, and 12.5 ± 6.7 ng/mL),(38.0 ± 31.8 and 6.84 ± 7.4 ng/mL) in the flower farm and controls, respectively. From the Mann-Whitney U-test, there is a significant difference for total DDT (P < 0.02), p,p'-DDE (P < 0.001), cypermethrin (P < 0.001), heptachlor (P < 0.04), heptachlor-epoxide (P < 0.001) and dibutyl chlorendate (P < 0.01) among the flower farm workers and controls. Multinomial regression revealed, being flower farm worker is a significant predictor of moderate to high residues of p,p'-DDE, total DDT, heptachlor-epoxide and dibutyl chlorendate. The pesticides under study were detected more frequently in the flower farm workers than controls which is an indicative for occupational exposure to pesticides and strict regulation is important for the safety of workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seblework Mekonen
- Ethiopian Institute of Water Recourses, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Correspondence to: Ethiopian Institute of Water resources, Water and Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
| | - Biniam Belete
- Department of Public Health, Arsi University, Ethiopia
| | - Fekadu Melak
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Jimma University, Ethiopia
| | - Argaw Ambelu
- Ethiopian Institute of Water Recourses, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Pérez-Carrascosa FM, Barrios-Rodríguez R, Gómez-Peña C, Salcedo-Bellido I, Velasco-García ME, Jiménez-Moleón JJ, García-Ruiz A, Navarro-Espigares JL, Requena P, Muñoz-Sánchez C, Arrebola JP. Public healthcare costs associated with long-term exposure to mixtures of persistent organic pollutants in two areas of Southern Spain: A longitudinal analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113609. [PMID: 35667403 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that had been banned or restricted in many countries, including Spain. However, their ubiquity still poses environmental and human health threats. OBJECTIVE To longitudinally explore public healthcare costs associated with long-term exposure to a mixture of 8 POPs in a cohort of residents of two areas of Granada Province, Southern Spain. METHODS Longitudinal study in a subsample (n = 385) of GraMo adult cohort. Exposure assessment was performed by analyzing adipose tissue POP concentrations at recruitment. Average primary care (APC) and average hospital care (AHC) expenditures of each participant over 14 years were estimated using the data from their medical records. Data analyses were performed by robust MM regression, weighted quantile sum regression (WQS) and G-computation analysis. RESULTS In the adjusted robust MM models for APC, most POPs showed positive beta coefficients, being Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) significantly associated (β: 1.87; 95% Confidence interval (95%CI): 0.17, 3.57). The magnitude of this association increased (β: 3.72; 95%CI: 0.80, 6.64) when the analyses were restricted to semi-rural residents, where β-HCH was also marginally-significantly associated to APC (β: 3.40; 95%CI: -0.10, 6.90). WQS revealed a positive but non-significant mixture association with APC (β: 0.14; 95%CI: -0.06, 0.34), mainly accounted for by β-HCH (54%) and HCB (43%), that was borderline-significant in the semi-rural residents (β: 0.23; 95%CI: -0.01, 0.48). No significant results were observed in G-Computation analyses. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to POP mixtures might represent a modifiable factor increasing healthcare costs, thus affecting the efficiency of the healthcare systems. However, and owing the complexity of the potential causal pathways and the limitations of the present study, further research is warranted to fully elucidate ascertain whether interventions to reduce human exposure should be considered in healthcare policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Miguel Pérez-Carrascosa
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Spain; Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Barrios-Rodríguez
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Gómez-Peña
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Spain; Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Salcedo-Bellido
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - José Juan Jiménez-Moleón
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Ruiz
- Departamento de Farmacología y Pediatría, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - José Luis Navarro-Espigares
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Economía Internacional y de España, Granada, Spain; Dirección Económica y Servicios Generales, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Requena
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Muñoz-Sánchez
- Unidad de Tecnologías de La Información y Comunicaciones, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Arrebola
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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Salcedo-Bellido I, Amaya E, Pérez-Díaz C, Soler A, Vela-Soria F, Requena P, Barrios-Rodríguez R, Echeverría R, Pérez-Carrascosa FM, Quesada-Jiménez R, Martín-Olmedo P, Arrebola JP. Differential Bioaccumulation Patterns of α, β-Hexachlorobenzene and Dicofol in Adipose Tissue from the GraMo Cohort (Southern Spain). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3344. [PMID: 35329028 PMCID: PMC8954870 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To identify bioaccumulation patterns of α-, β- hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dicofol in relation to sociodemographic, dietary, and lifestyle factors, adipose tissue samples of 387 subjects from GraMo cohort in Southern Spain were analyzed. Potential predictors of these organochlorine pesticides (OCP) levels were collected by face-to-face interviews and assessed by multivariable linear and logistic regression. OCPs were detected in 84.2% (β-HCH), 21.7% (α-HCH), and 19.6% (dicofol) of the population. β-HCH levels were positively related to age, body mass index (BMI), mother's occupation in agriculture during pregnancy, living in Poniente and Alpujarras, white fish, milk and water consumption, and negatively related to being male, living near to an agricultural area, working ≥10 years in agriculture, and beer consumption. Detectable α-HCH levels were positively related to age, BMI, milk consumption, mother's occupation in agriculture during pregnancy, and negatively with residence in Poniente and Alpujarras, Granada city, and Granada Metropolitan Area. Residence near to an agricultural area, smoking habit, white fish and water consumption, and living in Poniente and Alpujarras, Granada city and Granada Metropolitan Area were negatively associated with detectable dicofol levels. Our study revealed different bioaccumulation patterns of α, β-HCH and dicofol, probably due to their dissimilar period of use, and emphasize the need for assessing the exposure to frequently overlooked pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Salcedo-Bellido
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.S.-B.); (C.P.-D.); (A.S.); (P.R.); (R.B.-R.); (R.E.); (F.M.P.-C.)
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain; (E.A.); (F.V.-S.); (R.Q.-J.); (P.M.-O.)
| | - Esperanza Amaya
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain; (E.A.); (F.V.-S.); (R.Q.-J.); (P.M.-O.)
| | - Celia Pérez-Díaz
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.S.-B.); (C.P.-D.); (A.S.); (P.R.); (R.B.-R.); (R.E.); (F.M.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain; (E.A.); (F.V.-S.); (R.Q.-J.); (P.M.-O.)
| | - Anabel Soler
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.S.-B.); (C.P.-D.); (A.S.); (P.R.); (R.B.-R.); (R.E.); (F.M.P.-C.)
| | - Fernando Vela-Soria
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain; (E.A.); (F.V.-S.); (R.Q.-J.); (P.M.-O.)
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Requena
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.S.-B.); (C.P.-D.); (A.S.); (P.R.); (R.B.-R.); (R.E.); (F.M.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain; (E.A.); (F.V.-S.); (R.Q.-J.); (P.M.-O.)
| | - Rocío Barrios-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.S.-B.); (C.P.-D.); (A.S.); (P.R.); (R.B.-R.); (R.E.); (F.M.P.-C.)
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain; (E.A.); (F.V.-S.); (R.Q.-J.); (P.M.-O.)
| | - Ruth Echeverría
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.S.-B.); (C.P.-D.); (A.S.); (P.R.); (R.B.-R.); (R.E.); (F.M.P.-C.)
| | - Francisco M. Pérez-Carrascosa
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.S.-B.); (C.P.-D.); (A.S.); (P.R.); (R.B.-R.); (R.E.); (F.M.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain; (E.A.); (F.V.-S.); (R.Q.-J.); (P.M.-O.)
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel Quesada-Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain; (E.A.); (F.V.-S.); (R.Q.-J.); (P.M.-O.)
| | - Piedad Martín-Olmedo
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain; (E.A.); (F.V.-S.); (R.Q.-J.); (P.M.-O.)
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), 18011 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Arrebola
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (I.S.-B.); (C.P.-D.); (A.S.); (P.R.); (R.B.-R.); (R.E.); (F.M.P.-C.)
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), 18014 Granada, Spain; (E.A.); (F.V.-S.); (R.Q.-J.); (P.M.-O.)
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Bayebila Menanzambi T, Dufour P, Pirard C, Nsangu J, Mufusama JP, Mbinze Kindenge J, Marini Djang'eing'a R, Charlier C. Bio-surveillance of environmental pollutants in the population of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): a small pilot study. Arch Public Health 2021; 79:197. [PMID: 34782023 PMCID: PMC8591802 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental pollutants are known to be ubiquitous and may present toxic effects (endocrine-disruption properties, carcinogenicity …) and represent a real threat to human health. The aim of the present pilot study was to assess the content of environmental pollutants (inorganic, persistent, and non-persistent pollutants) in biological samples (urine, serum, and whole blood), collected from volunteers in Kinshasa, capital of Democratic Republic of Congo, in order to identify pollutants of interest and to design a protocol for a larger scale study. METHODS From randomly selected 15 volunteers living in Kinshasa, aged from 25 to 66 years, (mean age = 43.4 years), including 10 men and 5 women, urine, whole blood, and serum samples were used in this study to estimate the contents in these environmental pollutants, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. RESULTS When compared to data nationally and internationally available, the preliminary outcomes of this study indicated a very high level of exposure to environmental pollutants in the population of Kinshasa, especially for heavy metals, parabens and triclosan. To a lesser extent, contamination measured for glyphosate, phthalates, organochlorine pesticides, pyrethroids and dialkylphosphate pesticides was also significant. In contrast, the investigated population of Kinshasa was found to be weakly exposed to other persistent organic pollutants like polychlorinated biphenyls, brominated flame retardants, phenolic organohalogens, and perfluoroalkyl substances. CONCLUSION Although the biologic fluids were collected from a limited number of volunteers (n = 15), the results of the present report clearly indicate that the population of Kinshasa is not spared by the investigated environmental pollutants. Moreover, this study gives us important information to design a larger scale study protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrice Dufour
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M), University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Catherine Pirard
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M), University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Jean Nsangu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean-Pierre Mufusama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jérémie Mbinze Kindenge
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Roland Marini Djang'eing'a
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M), University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Corinne Charlier
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium.,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M), University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium
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Human Biomonitoring of Environmental and Occupational Exposures by GC-MS and Gas Sensor Systems: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910236. [PMID: 34639537 PMCID: PMC8508139 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Environmental chemicals and contaminants coming from multiple external sources enter the human body, determining a potential risk for human health. Human biomonitoring (HBM), measuring the concentrations of biomarkers in human specimens, has become an emerging approach for assessing population-wide exposure to hazardous chemicals and health risk through large-scale studies in many countries. However, systematic mapping of HBM studies, including their characteristics, targeted hazardous pollutants, analytical techniques, and sample population (general population and occupationally exposed workers), has not been done so far. We conducted a systematic review of the literature related to airborne hazardous pollutants in biofluids to answer the following questions: Which main chemicals have been included in the literature, which bodily fluids have been used, and what are the main findings? Following PRISMA protocol, we summarized the publications published up to 4 February 2021 of studies based on two methods: gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and electronic noses (e-noses). We screened 2606 records and 117 publications were included in the analysis, the most based on GC/MS analysis. The selected HBM studies include measurements of biomarkers in different bodily fluids, such as blood, urine, breast milk, and human semen as well as exhaled air. The papers cover numerous airborne hazardous pollutants that we grouped in chemical classes; a lot of hazardous and noxious compounds, mainly persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), have been detected in biological fluids at alarming levels. The scenario that emerged from this survey demonstrates the importance of HBM in human exposure to hazardous pollutants and the need to use it as valid tool in health surveillance. This systematic review represents a starting point for researchers who focus on the world of pollutant biomonitoring in the human body and gives them important insights into how to improve the methods based on GC/MS. Moreover, it makes a first overview of the use of gas sensor array and e-noses in HBM studies.
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Echeverría R, Vrhovnik P, Salcedo-Bellido I, Pérez-Carrascosa FM, Gómez-Peña C, Fiket Ž, Martin-Olmedo P, Olea N, Fernández MF, Arrebola JP. Associations of residential and occupational history with the distribution of persistent pollutant mixtures in adipose tissue samples. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110687. [PMID: 33385390 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This research aims to explore clusters of a mixture of 15 Persistent Toxic Substances (PTSs) in the adipose tissue of 227 individuals of an adult cohort from Granada Province (Southern Spain). Information about residence and occupation during participants lifetime was gathered by means of validated questionnaires. Clusters of pollutants in the study population were identified by Principal Component Analyses (PCA). PCA analyses revealed three major clusters of pollutants: PC1, representing predominantly an assortment of metal(loid)s, namely aluminium, arsenic, chromium, nickel and lead; PC2, including mostly Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs), such as HCB, β-HCH and p,p'-DDE; and PC3, gathering mainly a mixture of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB-138, PCB-153 and PCB-180) and metals (cadmium, cobalt and chromium). The patterns of distribution of individual pollutants and their mixtures were explored through Geographic Information Systems and multivariable linear regression models. Living in rural areas was associated with decreased levels of the mixture of PCBs and metals. Residents of industrial and heavy traffic areas showed increased levels of the mixture of metal(loid)s. Those living in rural and semi-rural areas at recruitment had decreased levels of the OCP mixture. Occupational history related to agriculture and food industry was associated with increased levels of the mixture of metal(loid)s, whereas those who had been involved in motor and industrial activities showed increased levels of the OCP mixture. Participants who had worked in cleaning and housekeeping activities for long periods showed decreased levels of the mixture of PCBs and metals. Our research revealed suggestive clusters of exposure, that emphasized the need for further epidemiological studies to address the effect of environmental pollutants from a mixture perspective. Results also highlight the potential of adipose tissue as a matrix for exposure assessment to combinations of different families of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Echeverría
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain
| | - Petra Vrhovnik
- Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute (ZAG), Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Inmaculada Salcedo-Bellido
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Francisco M Pérez-Carrascosa
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Spain
| | - Celia Gómez-Peña
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Spain
| | - Željka Fiket
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Piedad Martin-Olmedo
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Spain; Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain
| | - Nicolás Olea
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Granada, Spain
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Radiología y Medicina Física, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Arrebola
- Universidad de Granada, Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
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Arrebola JP, Castaño A, Esteban M, Bartolomé M, Pérez-Gómez B, Ramos JJ. Differential contribution of animal and vegetable food items on persistent organic pollutant serum concentrations in Spanish adults. Data from BIOAMBIENT.ES project. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:235-242. [PMID: 29627546 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Diet is considered the main source of Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exposure in the general population, although there are still several gaps of knowledge regarding the differential contribution of main food groups. The aim of this study was to identify dietary patterns that contribute to human exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs). Study population (n=1880, 18-65years old) was recruited during 2009-2010 in all the main geographical areas of Spain. For this work, exposure was estimated by chemical analyses of serum levels of 6 PCBs (n=1880), 13 OCPs (n=934), and 6 (PFASs) in a subsample of 755 (n=755). Dietary habits and covariates were gathered via self-administered questionnaires. Data analyses were performed by means of multivariable linear regression and weighted quantile sum regression. Both the consumption of animal-based and plant-based food were positively associated with the individual concentrations of p,p´-DDE, hexachlorobenzene, and PCB-congeners -138, -153, and-180. The contribution of animal-based products was 2.1-4.0× stronger except in p,p´-DDE, to which both patterns had similar contributions. In PFASs only animal food was positively associated with the exposure levels. The main animal-based contributors to PCB exposure were fish (49-64%) and eggs (19-36%), while OCP concentrations were mainly influenced by dairy products (32-48%) and fish (47-48%). PFOA and PFHxS were mainly explained by cold-meat (34-37%), fish (25-26%), and eggs (19-21%), while PFOS and PFDA were primarily influenced by fish consumption (44-77%). In the case of plant-based items, fruits (25-82%) and vegetables (18-63%) accounted for the majority of the variability of PCB and OCP concentrations. Our results highlight the relevance of dietary POP exposure as well as the need for the consideration of nutritional interventions in public health programs aiming to reduce POP exposure in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pedro Arrebola
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Spain; Oncology Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Argelia Castaño
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Esteban
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Bartolomé
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Ramos
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Ambiental (CNSA), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Anand M, Singh L, Agarwal P, Saroj R, Taneja A. Pesticides exposure through environment and risk of pre-term birth: a study from Agra city. Drug Chem Toxicol 2017; 42:471-477. [PMID: 29250999 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2017.1413107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pre-term birth is an increasingly prevalent complex condition with multiple risk factors including environmental pollutants. Evidences linking organochlorine pesticides with adverse pregnancy outcomes are inconsistent for link between organochlorine pesticides and adverse pregnancy outcomes. We performed a case-control study of 50 cases of full-term births and 40 cases of pre-term births in this study. Placental organochlorine pesticides like metabolites of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane that is, (p,p-DDE, p,p-DDT and o,p-DDD) and isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (α, β, γ and δ HCH) were analyzed by gas chromatography. Although the mean levels of pesticide were found higher in the placenta of the women with pre-term delivery cases placentas, but only α-HCH, total-HCH, p,p-DDE and total-DDT were found statistically significant. It was observed that pesticide exposed women were approximately 1.7 times more likely to deliver pre-term baby as compare to pregnant women that were not exposed to any pesticides. We also observed that increasing maternal age reduced the risk of having pre-term birth (OR = 0.99). Among all pesticides, α-HCH was found to be strongest isomer to induce premature baby birth (p < 0.001). This study found that pregnant women's age and chronic disease, baby's weight at the time of birth and α-HCH were important risk factors for pre-term births.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Anand
- a Department of Chemistry , Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University , Agra , India
| | - L Singh
- a Department of Chemistry , Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University , Agra , India
| | - P Agarwal
- a Department of Chemistry , Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University , Agra , India
| | - R Saroj
- b Division of Bio-statistics, Institute of Medical Sciences , Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , India
| | - A Taneja
- a Department of Chemistry , Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University , Agra , India
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10
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Freire C, Koifman RJ, Koifman S. Serum levels of organochlorine pesticides in blood donors: A biomonitoring survey in the North of Brazil, 2010-2011. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 598:722-732. [PMID: 28456124 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Data on exposure to organochlorine (OC) pesticides in the Brazilian population are lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of serum levels of OC pesticides in Brazilian blood donors and to determine factors potentially influencing exposure levels. To conduct this biomonitoring survey, blood samples were collected from blood donors attending the Hematherapic Unit in Rio Branco, North of Brazil, in 2010-2011. A total of 1183 (99%) subjects answered to a questionnaire including information on sociodemographics, lifestyle, and dietary habits. Twenty four OC pesticides were measured in serum samples from 978 donors (82%). Associations of OC pesticide serum levels and the number of OCs detected per donor with their potential predictors were explored by logistic and Poisson regression, respectively. Of the 24 OC pesticides analyzed, the highest prevalence was observed for p,p'-dichlorodiphenylethane (p,p'-DDE) (32%), followed by lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) (20%), heptachlor (16%), and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) (13%). 95th percentiles of levels of these four OC pesticides were: 3.85ng/mL (p,p'-DDE) (median<0.09ng/mL), 0.09ng/mL (lindane) (median<0.04ng/mL), 0.23ng/mL (heptachlor) (median<0.09ng/mL), and 0.27ng/mL (p,p'-DDT) (median<0.02ng/mL). Factors significantly associated with a more frequent detection of OC pesticides included age, gender, education, and frequency of fish, manioc flour, açai pulp, and Brazil nuts intake. Major predictors of the number of OC pesticides detected were age, marital status, income, education, and frequency of consumption of manioc flour, açai pulp, and Brazil nuts. For the first time in Brazil, a biomonitoring study has assessed the internal doses of OC pesticides in a large sample of the adult population and potential exposure determinants. Except for lindane, which was permitted for use as a wood preservative until 2007 in Brazil, occurrence of OC pesticides was lower than or in the same range as those observed in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Freire
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, CEP: 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Research of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), CEP: 18012 Granada, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Rosalina Jorge Koifman
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, CEP: 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio Koifman
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, CEP: 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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11
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Vinceti M, Violi F, Tzatzarakis M, Mandrioli J, Malagoli C, Hatch EE, Fini N, Fasano A, Rakitskii VN, Kalantzi OI, Tsatsakis A. Pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: a case-control study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 155:261-267. [PMID: 28242563 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurotoxic chemicals including several pesticides have been suggested to play a role in the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We investigated the relation between organochlorine pesticides and their metabolites (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the etiology of sporadic ALS, determining for the first time their levels in cerebrospinal fluid as indicator of antecedent exposure. We recruited 38 ALS patients and 38 controls referred to an Italian clinical center for ALS care, who underwent a lumbar puncture for diagnostic purposes between 1994-2013, and had 1mL of cerebrospinal fluid available for the determination of OCPs, PCBs and PAHs. Many chemicals were undetectable in both case and control CSF samples, and we found little evidence of any increased disease risk according to higher levels of exposure. Among males >60 years, we found a slight but statistically very unstable increased ALS risk with higher levels of the congener PCB 28 and the OCP metabolite p,p'-DDE. Overall, these results do not suggest an involvement of the neurotoxic chemicals investigated in this study in disease etiology, although small numbers limited the precision of our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vinceti
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; via Campi 287, Modena (MO) 41125, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St., Boston, 02118 MA, United States.
| | - Federica Violi
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; via Campi 287, Modena (MO) 41125, Italy
| | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jessica Mandrioli
- Department of Neurology, Sant'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Local Health Unit of Modena, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Baggiovara, Modena MO, Italy
| | - Carlotta Malagoli
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; via Campi 287, Modena (MO) 41125, Italy
| | - Elizabeth E Hatch
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St., Boston, 02118 MA, United States
| | - Nicola Fini
- Department of Neurology, Sant'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Local Health Unit of Modena, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Baggiovara, Modena MO, Italy
| | - Antonio Fasano
- Department of Neurology, Sant'Agostino-Estense Hospital, Local Health Unit of Modena, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Baggiovara, Modena MO, Italy
| | - Valerii N Rakitskii
- Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene, F.F. Erisman, 2, Semashko street, Mytishchi, Moscow region 141014 Russia
| | - Olga-Ioanna Kalantzi
- Department of the Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene 8110 Greece
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
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12
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Arrebola JP, Cuellar M, Bonde JP, González-Alzaga B, Mercado LA. Associations of maternal o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE levels with birth outcomes in a Bolivian cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:469-477. [PMID: 27567351 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the potential association of maternal serum levels of o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE with gestation time and with anthropometric measurements and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels of newborns in a Bolivian birth cohort. Two hundred mothers were consecutively recruited between January and March 2013 at the "Hospital de la Mujer Dr. Percy Boland" in Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Potential confounders were derived from an ad hoc questionnaire. o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE were quantified in cord serum by high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed, with POP concentrations as independent variables and log-transformed newborn birth outcomes (newborn weight, gestational age, head circumference, birth height, ponderal index, and TSH levels) as dependent variables. o,p'-DDT was detected in 82.5% of samples at median concentration of 0.22ng/mL and p,p'-DDE in 86.5% of samples at median concentration of 1.01ng/mL. Opposite associations with birth weight were found for p,p'-DDE (β=0.012, p=0.006) and o,p'-DDT (β=-0.014, p=0.039), and these associations were stronger when both chemicals were entered in the same model. p,p'-DDE was negatively associated with gestation time (β=-0.004, p=0.012), and o,p'-DDT was borderline negatively associated with newborn head circumference (β=-0.004, p=0.054). We observed no relevant changes in the magnitude of the coefficients or in statistical significance after adjustment for newborn TSH levels. This study indicates a possible impact of prenatal exposure to o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE on newborn anthropometric measurements in a population showing evidence of recent exposure to the pesticide DDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Arrebola
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Spain; Radiation Oncology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - Miriam Cuellar
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquímicas, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Calle México s/n, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - Jens Peter Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Beatriz González-Alzaga
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Spain; Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain
| | - Luis A Mercado
- Instituto de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Bioquímicas, Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Calle México s/n, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.
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13
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Pi N, Chia SE, Ong CN, Kelly BC. Associations of serum organohalogen levels and prostate cancer risk: Results from a case-control study in Singapore. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1505-1512. [PMID: 26498098 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that elevated exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may lead to an increased risk of prostate cancer. As part of a hospital-based case-control study of the Singaporean male population, we investigated associations between organohalogen exposure and risk of prostate cancer. Trace residue concentrations of 74 organohalogen contaminants, including several PCBs, OCPs and halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), were determined in serum samples (n = 120) using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). A variety of OCPs, PCBs and HFRs were detected in samples of both patients and controls. Mean concentrations of p,p' DDT, p,p' DDE, PCB 118, PCB 138, PCB 153 and PCB 187 were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in serum of patients. p,p' DDE measured in serum of patients was relatively high (mean:13,700 ng/g lipid, 95% CI:7000-26,800). Odds ratios (ORs) of OCPs and PCBs in many cases exceeded 1. ORs for p,p' DDE and PCB-153 at the highest tertile (>67th) were 5.67 (95% CI, 2.37-13.54) and 2.14 (95% CI, 0.99 to 4.66), respectively. The results suggest that exposure to DDTs and PCBs may be associated with prostate cancer risk in Singaporean males. No such association was observed for the organohalogen flame retardants studied, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The study provides novel information regarding the occurrence, levels and potential associations with prostate cancer risk for several organohalogen contaminants in the Singapore population. However, further investigation and analyses should be conducted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Pi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sin Eng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barry C Kelly
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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14
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Fernández-Rodríguez M, Arrebola JP, Artacho-Cordón F, Amaya E, Aragones N, Llorca J, Perez-Gomez B, Ardanaz E, Kogevinas M, Castano-Vinyals G, Pollan M, Olea N. Levels and predictors of persistent organic pollutants in an adult population from four Spanish regions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 538:152-61. [PMID: 26298258 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to assess serum concentrations of a group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in a sample of adults recruited in four different regions from Spain and to assess socio-demographic, dietary, and lifestyle predictors of the exposure. The study population comprised 312 healthy adults selected from among controls recruited in the MCC-Spain multicase-control study. Study variables were collected using standardized questionnaires, and pollutants were analyzed by means of gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Multivariable analyses were performed to identify predictors of log-transformed pollutant concentrations, using combined backward and forward stepwise multiple linear regression models. Detection rates ranged from 89.1% (hexachlorobenzene, HCB) to 93.6% (Polychlorinated biphenyl-153 [PCB-153]); p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) showed the highest median concentrations (1.04ng/ml), while HCB showed the lowest (0.24ng/ml). In the multivariable models, age was positively associated with HCB, p,p'-DDE, and PCB-180. BMI was associated positively with p,p'-DDE but negatively with PCB-138. Total accumulated time residing in an urban area was positively associated with PCB-153 concentrations. The women showed higher HCB and lower p,p'-DDE concentrations versus the men. Notably, POP exposure in our study population was inversely associated with the breastfeeding received by participants and with the number of pregnancies of their mothers but was not related to the participants' history of breastfeeding their children or parity. Smoking was negatively associated with HCB and PCB-153 concentrations. Consumption of fatty foods, including blue fish, was in general positively associated with POP levels. Although POP environmental levels are declining worldwide, there is a need for the continuous monitoring of human exposure in the general population. The results of the present study confirm previous findings and point to novel predictors of long-term exposure to persistent organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernández-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, University of Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain.
| | - J P Arrebola
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, University of Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain; Oncology Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - F Artacho-Cordón
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, University of Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - E Amaya
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, University of Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - N Aragones
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Llorca
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Cantabria-IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - B Perez-Gomez
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Ardanaz
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Kogevinas
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Castano-Vinyals
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pollan
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cancer Epidemiology Research Group, Oncology and Hematology Area, IIS Puerta de Hierro (IDIPHIM), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - N Olea
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, University of Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Artacho-Cordón F, Belhassen H, Arrebola JP, Ghali R, Amira D, Jiménez-Díaz I, Pérez-Lobato R, H B, A H, Olea N. Serum levels of persistent organic pollutants and predictors of exposure in Tunisian women. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 511:530-4. [PMID: 25585155 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In spite of the international consensus on the human health risks associated with exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), the Tunisian population is suspected to have been inadvertently exposed to POPs over the last decades. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate POP concentrations in the serum of a subset of 54 Tunisian women and to identify some socio-demographic and dietary predictors of exposure to POPs. RESULTS Of the ten POPs analyzed, three polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners (-138, -153 and -180), and two organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), HCB and p,p'-DDE, showed frequencies ranging from 98 to 100%. Serum median concentrations of PCB congeners (-138, -153 PCB-180) were 26.08, 119.1 and 29.84 ng/g lipid, respectively, and median concentrations of HCB and p,p'-DDE were 19.98 and 127.59 ng/g lipid, respectively. Age was positively correlated with serum levels of selected POPs. Women living in northern Tunisia showed higher serum levels of all PCBs. Working outside home and cereal consumption were positively associated to serum levels of p,p'-DDE. The duration of the lactation was also related to lower serum levels of p,p'-DDE and HCB. CONCLUSION The levels of exposure to POPs found warrant a biomonitoring program in order to identify routes of exposure and population groups at higher risk. This program will help to establish prevention policies and to determine the association between exposure to POPs and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Artacho-Cordón
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.Granada, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - H Belhassen
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environment (LR12SP07), Center of Urgent Medical Assistance of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - J P Arrebola
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.Granada, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Radiation Oncology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - R Ghali
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environment (LR12SP07), Center of Urgent Medical Assistance of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - D Amira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environment (LR12SP07), Center of Urgent Medical Assistance of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - I Jiménez-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.Granada, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - R Pérez-Lobato
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.Granada, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Boussen H
- Cancer Center of Ariana, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Hedili A
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environment (LR12SP07), Center of Urgent Medical Assistance of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - N Olea
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.Granada, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
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16
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p,p′-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p′-DDT) and p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p′-DDE) repress prostate specific antigen levels in human prostate cancer cell lines. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 230:40-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Anand M, Agarwal P, Singh L, Taneja A. Persistent organochlorine pesticides and oxidant/antioxidant status in the placental tissue of the women with full-term and pre-term deliveries. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00094c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In India pre-term birth is the leading cause of death of infants and this number is continuously increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Anand
- Department of Chemistry
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University
- Agra-282002
- India
| | - P. Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University
- Agra-282002
- India
| | - L. Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University
- Agra-282002
- India
| | - A. Taneja
- Department of Chemistry
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University
- Agra-282002
- India
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Arrebola JP, González-Jiménez A, Fornieles-González C, Artacho-Cordón F, Olea N, Escobar-Jiménez F, Fernández-Soto ML. Relationship between serum concentrations of persistent organic pollutants and markers of insulin resistance in a cohort of women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 136:435-440. [PMID: 25460665 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between serum concentrations of several persistent organic pollutants and insulin resistance markers in a cohort of women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. ∑POPs was computed as the sum of individual serum POP concentrations. No statistically significant associations were found between levels of any POP and fasting glucose. However, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners 138 and 180 were positively associated with 2-h glucose levels and PCB 180 also with fasting immunoreactive insulin (IRI). We also found a positive association of p,p'- dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'- DDE), PCBs (138, 153, and 180), hexachlorobenzene, and ∑POPs with 2-h IRI. Serum concentrations of PCBs (138, 153, and 180), hexachlorobenzene, and ∑POPs were also positively associated with homeostasis model assessment (HOMA2-IR) levels. Moreover, p,p'- DDE, PCBs (138, 153 and 180), hexachlorobenzene, and ∑POPs were negatively associated with Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI-gly) levels. No significant association was found between glycated hemoglobin and the concentrations of any POP. The removal of women under blood glucose lowering treatment from the models strengthened most of the associations previously found for the whole population. Our findings suggest that exposure to certain POPs is a modifiable risk factor contributing to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Arrebola
- Radiation Oncology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, University of Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | | | | | - Francisco Artacho-Cordón
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, University of Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Nicolás Olea
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, University of Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Fernando Escobar-Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, University of Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain; Endocrine and Nutrition Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Spain
| | - María Luisa Fernández-Soto
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, University of Granada, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain; Endocrine and Nutrition Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Spain
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Arrebola JP, Fernández MF, Olea N, Ramos R, Martin-Olmedo P. Human exposure to p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) in urban and semi-rural areas in southeast Spain: a gender perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 458-460:209-16. [PMID: 23651776 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) is the main metabolite of pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and a marker of past exposure to this organochlorine pesticide. p,p'-DDE is considered a persistent organic pollutant with potential adverse effects on human health. The aims of the present study were to assess p,p'-DDE levels in serum and adipose tissue from a cohort of adults in southern Spain and to explore the predictors of exposure from a gender perspective. Chemical analyses were performed using gas chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry in tandem mode. The study population (n=387) was intraoperatively recruited in two areas of Granada Province (southern Spain), and data on potential predictors of these concentrations were gathered by questionnaire. The statistical analysis was performed by means of multivariable linear regression models. All participants showed detectable concentrations of p,p'-DDE in both serum and adipose tissue, with median concentrations of 175.7 and 93.0 ng/g lipid, respectively (p<0.001), and the two measurements showed positive correlations. Women showed higher concentrations than men (115.8 and 66.2 ng/g lipid, respectively, p<0.001). Concentrations in both matrices were positively associated with fatty food consumption, as well as with age and BMI, the latter only in adipose tissue. The multivariate model showed that, among women, adipose tissue concentrations were approximately 40% higher in those residing in the semi-rural area and 2-fold higher in those whose mothers had participated in agricultural activities during the pregnancy. In this study population, gender and place of residence play a key role in human exposure to p,p'-DDE and can be used to identify subjects at special risk of long-term exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Arrebola
- Laboratory of Medical Investigations, San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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