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Akintunde ME, Lin YP, Krakowiak P, Pessah IN, Hertz-Picciotto I, Puschner B, Ashwood P, Van de Water J. Ex vivo exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) selectively affects the immune response in autistic children. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 34:100697. [PMID: 38020477 PMCID: PMC10654005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Children on the autism spectrum have been shown to have immune dysregulation that often correlates with behavioral deficits. The role of the post-natal environment in this dysregulation is an area of active investigation. We examined the association between plasma levels of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and immune cell function in age-matched autistic children and non-autistic controls. Plasma from children on the autism spectrum (n = 38) and typically developing controls (TD; n = 60) were analyzed for 14 major PBDE congeners. Cytokine/chemokine production was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) supernatants with and without ex vivo BDE-49 exposure. Total plasma concentration (∑PBDE14) and individual congener levels were also correlated with T cell function. ∑PBDE14 did not differ between diagnostic groups but correlated with reduced immune function in children on the autism spectrum. In autistic children, IL-2 and IFN-γ production was reduced in association with several individual BDE congeners, especially BDE-49 (p = 0.001). Furthermore, when PBMCs were exposed ex vivo to BDE-49, cells from autistic children produced elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, MIP-1α and MCP-1 (p < 0.05). Therefore, despite similar plasma levels of PBDE, these data suggest that PBMC function was differentially impacted in the context of several PBDE congeners in autistic children relative to TD children where increased body burden of PBDE significantly correlated with a suppressed immune response in autistic children but not TD controls. Further, acute ex vivo exposure of PBMCs to BDE-49 stimulates an elevated cytokine response in AU cases versus a depressed response in TD controls. These data suggest that exposure to the toxicant BDE-49 differentially impacts immune cell function in autistic children relative to TD children providing evidence for an underlying association between susceptibility to PBDE exposure and immune anomalies in children on the autism spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjannie Eloi Akintunde
- School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, United States
- NIEHS Center for Children's Environmental Health, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Yan-ping Lin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, United States
- The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States
- NIEHS Center for Children's Environmental Health, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Paula Krakowiak
- The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Isaac N. Pessah
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, United States
- The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States
- NIEHS Center for Children's Environmental Health, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Birgit Puschner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, United States
- NIEHS Center for Children's Environmental Health, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Paul Ashwood
- The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States
- NIEHS Center for Children's Environmental Health, University of California, Davis, United States
- School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Judy Van de Water
- School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, United States
- The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States
- NIEHS Center for Children's Environmental Health, University of California, Davis, United States
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Li CY, Dempsey JL, Wang D, Lee S, Weigel KM, Fei Q, Bhatt DK, Prasad B, Raftery D, Gu H, Cui JY. PBDEs Altered Gut Microbiome and Bile Acid Homeostasis in Male C57BL/6 Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1226-1240. [PMID: 29769268 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.081547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent environmental contaminants with well characterized toxicities in host organs. Gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as an important regulator of xenobiotic biotransformation; however, little is known about its interactions with PBDEs. Primary bile acids (BAs) are metabolized by the gut microbiome into more lipophilic secondary BAs that may be absorbed and interact with certain host receptors. The goal of this study was to test our hypothesis that PBDEs cause dysbiosis and aberrant regulation of BA homeostasis. Nine-week-old male C57BL/6 conventional (CV) and germ-free (GF) mice were orally gavaged with corn oil (10 mg/kg), BDE-47 (100 μmol/kg), or BDE-99 (100 μmol/kg) once daily for 4 days (n = 3-5/group). Gut microbiome was characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing of the large intestinal content in CV mice. Both BDE-47 and BDE-99 profoundly decreased the alpha diversity of gut microbiome and differentially regulated 45 bacterial species. Both PBDE congeners increased Akkermansia muciniphila and Erysipelotrichaceae Allobaculum spp., which have been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antiobesity functions. Targeted metabolomics of 56 BAs was conducted in serum, liver, and small and large intestinal content of CV and GF mice. BDE-99 increased many unconjugated BAs in multiple biocompartments in a gut microbiota-dependent manner. This correlated with an increase in microbial 7α-dehydroxylation enzymes for secondary BA synthesis and increased expression of host intestinal transporters for BA absorption. Targeted proteomics showed that PBDEs downregulated host BA-synthesizing enzymes and transporters in livers of CV but not GF mice. In conclusion, there is a novel interaction between PBDEs and the endogenous BA-signaling through modification of the "gut-liver axis".
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Yanfei Li
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Joseph L Dempsey
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - SooWan Lee
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Kris M Weigel
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Qiang Fei
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Deepak Kumar Bhatt
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (C.Y.F., J.L.D., S.L., K.M.W., J.Y.C.) and Pharmaceutics (D.K.B., B.P.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., Q.F., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, Center for Metabolic and Vascular Biology, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.); Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); and Department of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China (Q.F.)
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