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Egorova KS, Kibardin AV, Posvyatenko AV, Ananikov VP. Mechanisms of Biological Effects of Ionic Liquids: From Single Cells to Multicellular Organisms. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4679-4733. [PMID: 38621413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The review presents a detailed discussion of the evolving field studying interactions between ionic liquids (ILs) and biological systems. Originating from molten salt electrolytes to present multiapplication substances, ILs have found usage across various fields due to their exceptional physicochemical properties, including excellent tunability. However, their interactions with biological systems and potential influence on living organisms remain largely unexplored. This review examines the cytotoxic effects of ILs on cell cultures, biomolecules, and vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. Our understanding of IL toxicity, while growing in recent years, is yet nascent. The established findings include correlations between harmful effects of ILs and their ability to disturb cellular membranes, their potential to trigger oxidative stress in cells, and their ability to cause cell death via apoptosis. Future research directions proposed in the review include studying the distribution of various ILs within cellular compartments and organelles, investigating metabolic transformations of ILs in cells and organisms, detailed analysis of IL effects on proteins involved in oxidative stress and apoptosis, correlation studies between IL doses, exposure times and resulting adverse effects, and examination of effects of subtoxic concentrations of ILs on various biological objects. This review aims to serve as a critical analysis of the current body of knowledge on IL-related toxicity mechanisms. Furthermore, it can guide researchers toward the design of less toxic ILs and the informed use of ILs in drug development and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia S Egorova
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey V Kibardin
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Alexandra V Posvyatenko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Comparative transcriptome analysis provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism of the silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) brain in response to hypoxia stress. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 41:100951. [PMID: 34923202 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The brain of fish plays an important role in regulating growth and adapting to environmental changes. However, few studies have been performed to address the changes in gene expression profiles in fish brains under hypoxic stress. In the present study, silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) were kept under hypoxic experimental conditions by using the method of natural oxygen consumption, which resulted in a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the brain. In addition, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed to analyze transcriptional regulation in the brains of silver carp under normoxia (control group), hypoxia, semi-asphyxia, and asphyxia conditions. The results of KEGG enrichment pathway analysis showed that the immune system, such as antigen processing and presentation, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, was enriched in the hypoxia group; the nervous system (e.g., "glutamatergic synapse"), signal transduction (e.g., "calcium signaling pathway"; "foxo signaling pathway"), and signaling molecules and interactions (e.g., "neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction") were enriched in the semi-asphyxia group; and signaling molecules and interactions (e.g., "neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction") were enriched in the asphyxia group. These results provide novel insights into the molecular regulatory mechanism of the fish brain coping with hypoxia stress.
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Li X, Li F, Zou G, Feng C, Sha H, Liu S, Liang H. Physiological responses and molecular strategies in heart of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) under hypoxia and reoxygenation. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 40:100908. [PMID: 34482099 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A sufficient oxygen concentration is essential for fish growth, reproduction, and metabolism. Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) is sometimes challenged by hypoxia during intensive aquaculture or because of environmental changes. However, the response to hypoxic stress in the heart of silver carp remains relatively unknown. In the present study, we reported the effects of hypoxia on histological structures, enzyme activities, and gene expression in the heart of silver carp. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of heart sections showed that the myocardial fibers gradually became disordered, swollen, and even ruptured during hypoxic treatment. These phenotypes were also supported by increased activities of injury-related enzymes. Moreover, the transcriptome was analyzed to determine the molecular strategies of hypoxia adaptation in the heart. PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway were the most prominent pathways activated by hypoxia. Twenty significantly differentially expressed genes were selected to create a network diagram related to cell proliferation, carbohydrate metabolism, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. Additionally, reoxygenation could ameliorate cardiac injury and eliminate the effects of hypoxia on gene expression. This was the first comparative transcriptomic study to explore the molecular mechanism of the response to hypoxia and reoxygenation in the heart of silver carp. Our results provide a theoretical basis for cultivating hypoxia-tolerant carp varieties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, China
| | - Guiwei Zou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Cui Feng
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Hang Sha
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Shili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuhan 430223, China; Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries, Wuhan 430223, China.
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Magina S, Barros-Timmons A, Ventura SPM, Evtuguin DV. Evaluating the hazardous impact of ionic liquids - Challenges and opportunities. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125215. [PMID: 33951860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), being related to the design of new environmentally friendly solvents, are widely considered for applications within the "green chemistry" concept. Due to their unique properties and wide diversity, ILs allow tailoring new separation procedures and producing new materials for advanced applications. However, despite the promising technical performance, environmental concerns highlighted in recent studies focused on the toxicity and biodegradability of ILs and their metabolites have revealed that ILs safety labels are not as benign as previously claimed. This review refers to the fundamentals about the properties and applications of ILs also in the context of their potential environmental effect. Toxicological issues and harmful effects related to the use of ILs are discussed, including the evaluation of their biodegradability and ecological impact on diverse organisms and ecosystems, also with respect to bacteria, fungi, and cell cultures. In addition, this review covers the tools used to assess the toxicity of ILs, including the predictive computational models and the results of studies involving cell membrane models and molecular simulations. Summing up the knowledge available so far, there are still no reliable criteria for unequivocal attribution of toxicity and environmental impact credentials for ILs, which is a challenging research task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Magina
- CICECO-Institute of Materials and Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro P-3810-193, Portugal
| | - Ana Barros-Timmons
- CICECO-Institute of Materials and Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro P-3810-193, Portugal
| | - Sónia P M Ventura
- CICECO-Institute of Materials and Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro P-3810-193, Portugal
| | - Dmitry V Evtuguin
- CICECO-Institute of Materials and Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro P-3810-193, Portugal.
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Kuang S, Le Q, Hu J, Wang Y, Yu N, Cao X, Zhang M, Sun Y, Gu W, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Liu H, Yan X. Effects of p-nitrophenol on enzyme activity, histology, and gene expression in Larimichthys crocea. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 228:108638. [PMID: 31655297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
p-Nitrophenol (PNP) is one type of environmental pollutant, which is difficult to degrade and soluble in water. To investigate the effects of PNP on economically important marine fish species, we subjected Larimichthys crocea juvenile to five different concentrations of PNP for 96 h, and the semi-lethal concentration (LC50) was 6.218 mg/L. Then we collected the liver, kidney, and gill tissues to determine enzyme activity and gene expression levels, and analyzed histological changes. In histological analysis, the gills showed curling of lamella, epithelial lifting and hyperplasia; the parenchymal structure of hepatocytes was significantly damaged, with severe vacuolation and loss of original structure. The renal cells were damaged too, with congestion and renal tubular necrosis. Catalase and superoxide dismutase both showed an up- and down-tendency with the rise of concentration in the three tissues, and GSH-px had similar trend in the kidney, which decreased at 8 mg/L in the liver but showed no significant differences in the gills. Malondialdehyde of three tissues was increased with an increase in PNP concentration. The expression of four detoxification (cyp450, gst, gpx, hsp70) and one immune-related (mhc II) genes was induced at low PNP concentrations but inhibited at high PNP concentrations in the kidney. In liver, cyp450, hsp70 and mhc II showed similar trend but gst and gpx didn't increase at low PNP concentrations. Our results indicate that the fish possesses the ability to detoxify PNP; however, at high concentrations, PNP still causes serious damage to them. Our data not only help in understanding the ability of L. crocea to detoxify PNP but also should serve as a basis for the study of toxic effects of nitrobenzenes on marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qijun Le
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Ningbo Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Technical Center, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiabao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Na Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaohuan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yibo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Weiwei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaya Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hanwei Liu
- Ningbo Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau Technical Center, Ningbo, China.
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
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Li AL, Gao SS, Guo ML, Jing CQ. CYP3A4 and microRNA-122 are involved in the apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by ILs 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 34:e22419. [PMID: 31702098 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) as green alternatives for volatile organic solvents are increasingly used in commercial applications. It is necessary to explore the cytotoxic mechanism of ILs to reduce the risk to human health. For this purpose, cell viability, apoptosis, cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), glucose transporter type 2 (GLUT2), and microRNA-122 (miR-122) gene expression in HepG2 cells was evaluated after IL exposure. The results showed that ILs reduced the viability of HepG2 cells through apoptotic cell death. Moreover, ILs markedly upregulated the transcription and protein levels of CYP3A4, but did not affect the expression of GLUT2 in either messenger RNA level or protein level. Finally, ILs increased the expression of miR-122 and inhibition of miR-122 with miR-122 inhibitor blocked ILs-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells. This finding may contribute to an increased understanding of the in vitro molecular toxicity mechanism of ILs to further understand IL-related human health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ling Li
- Life Science and Food Engineering College, Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan-Shan Gao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Meng-Long Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Chang-Qin Jing
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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Wang C, Ku P, Nie X, Bao S, Wang Z, Li K. Effects of simvastatin on the PXR signaling pathway and the liver histology in Mugilogobius abei. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:399-409. [PMID: 30240922 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Simvastatin is one of the most commonly cholesterol-lowering prescribed drugs all over the world. With the increase of consumption of these pharmaceuticals and subsequent their discharge into the aquatic environment in recent years, they are present at detectable levels in most sewage effluents. Unfortunately, limited information is provided about their potential impacts on aquatic organisms, especially on the detoxification-related metabolism in fish. In the present study, one local native benthic fish (Mugilogobius abei) in southern China was employed as test species and exposed to SV (0.5 μg L-1, 5 μg L-1, 50 μg L-1 and 500 μg L-1) for 72 h. The transcriptional expression of nucleus transcriptional factor pregnane X receptor (PXR) and its downstream targeted genes including multixenobiotics resistance protein or permeability glycoprotein (P-gp), cytochrome 1A (CYP1A), cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the expression of associated microRNA such as miR-27, miR-34 and miR-148 in Mugilogobius abei were investigated. Result showed that the expressions of P-gp, CYP 1A, CYP 3A, GST and PXR were induced to some extend under simvastatin exposure for 72 h. A positive correlation was observed between PXR and CYP1A, CYP3A and P-gp. While for microRNA, a negative relationship was found between miR-34a and CYP3A, CYP1A. The expression of miR-148a was significantly induced under the exposure of SV (50 μg L-1), which was positive related to the transcriptional expression of PXR. For enzyme activity, erythromycin N-demethylase (ERND) significantly increased at 24 h and the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) exhibited different trends. CAT was slightly inhibited at 24 h exposure but SOD was significantly induced in high concentration. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was significant inhibited after 72 h exposure. The reductive small molecule glutathione (GSH) content showed obvious decrease, while the quantity of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly in high concentrations of SV exposure. GSH and MDA showed a typical negative correlation to some degree. Moreover, simvastatin caused histological changes in the liver tissues of M. abei, especially the size of adipocyte significantly decreased. The present study indicated that environmentally relevant concentration SV may affect the PXR signaling pathway in M. abei and pose potential ecological risks to non-target organisms like fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Peijia Ku
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiangping Nie
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Shuang Bao
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Ecology/Hydrobiology Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kaibin Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China
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Ma J, Chen X, Xin G, Li X. Chronic exposure to the ionic liquid [C 8mim]Br induces inflammation in silver carp spleen: Involvement of oxidative stress-mediated p38MAPK/NF-κB signalling and microRNAs. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:627-638. [PMID: 30343007 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the chronic toxicity of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide ([C8mim]Br) on the silver carp to further reveal the toxicological mechanisms of ionic liquids. Chronic exposure of silver carp to [C8mim]Br at concentrations of 1.095 and 4.380 mg/L for 60 d was conducted under laboratory conditions. The results revealed that chronic exposure to [C8mim]Br inhibited the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels while markedly increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) levels in fish spleen, indicating that [C8mim]Br treatment induced oxidative stress. Additionally, long-term exposure to [C8mim]Br markedly upregulated the expressions of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ); altered the levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β); and increased the mRNA levels of p38MAPK, c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc, suggesting that long-term exposure to [C8mim]Br might promote the inflammatory response in fish spleen and that p38MAPK/NF-κB signalling may potentially be involved in this process. Moreover, [C8mim]Br-exposure altered lysozyme activity and complement 3 (C3) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) content, indicating that chronic [C8mim]Br exposure also has immunotoxic effects on silver carp. Furthermore, we also found that [C8mim]Br exposure reduced miR-125b levels, altered miR-143 levels, and upregulated miR-155 and miR-21 levels, suggesting that these miRNAs may be involved in the [C8mim]Br-induced inflammatory response in fish spleen. In summary, the present study indicates that chronic exposure to [C8mim]Br induces inflammation in fish spleen and that oxidative stress-mediated p38MAPK/NF-κB signalling and miRNAs may play a key role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguo Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Guangyuan Xin
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
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Ma J, Li X, Cui M, Li W, Li X. Negative impact of the imidazolium-based ionic liquid [C 8mim]Br on silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix): Long-term and low-level exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 213:358-367. [PMID: 30241080 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the chronic toxicity of the ionic liquid (IL) 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide ([C8mim]Br) on silver carp to further study the toxicological mechanism of ILs. For this purpose, 60-d chronic exposure at concentrations of 1.09 or 4.38 mg L-1 [C8mim]Br in silver carp was conducted. The results of biochemical assays revealed that [C8mim]Br-treatment remarkably promoted serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities, indicating that [C8mim]Br-exposure caused fish organ damage. Long-term exposure of [C8mim]Br also altered the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the glutathione (GSH) level but increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in fish brain, gill, intestine, kidney, liver, and muscle, suggesting that [C8mim]Br-treatment may cause oxidative stress in fish organs. Further work revealed that [C8mim]Br-treatment increased the activities of erythromycin-N-demethylase (ERND) and glutathione S-transferases (GST), which may participate in the metabolism of [C8mim]Br in fish liver. Moreover, chronic [C8mim]Br-exposure remarkably promoted the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and altered the levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), suggesting that long-term exposure of [C8mim]Br might promote the inflammatory response in fish liver. Additionally, [C8mim]Br-exposure altered succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and promoted caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities in fish liver, suggesting that chronic [C8mim]Br-exposure also induces hepatocellular apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. The results presented here may be helpful to illuminate the chronic toxicity mechanism of imidazolium-based ILs and safe use of ILs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguo Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Mengke Cui
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
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Ma J, Li X. Insight into the negative impact of ionic liquid: A cytotoxicity mechanism of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1337-1345. [PMID: 30125844 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) as a green replacement for volatile organic solvents are increasingly used in large-scale commercial applications. A good understanding of the toxic mechanisms and environmental impact of ILs is neede to reduce the risk for human health and the environment. For this purpose, we aimed to evaluate the possible impacts of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide ([C8mim]Br) exposure on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells as to elucidate the cytotoxic mechanism of [C8mim]Br. Biochemical assays revealed that [C8mim]Br exposure altered the protein levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and HSP90, generally inhibiting total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), depleting heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and increasing transcription and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in HepG2 cells. These results indicated that [C8mim]Br may induce biochemical disturbances and cause oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Moreover, increased phosphorylation of p53, mitochondrial membrane disruption, cyclooxygenase-2 activation, Bcl-2 family protein modulation, cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO release, and inhibition of apoptosis inhibitory protein-2 (c-IAP2) and survivin were also observed in [C8mim]Br-treated cells, suggesting that [C8mim]Br-induced apoptosis might be mediated by the mitochondrial pathway. Further research showed that [C8mim]Br exposure increased tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) transcription and content and promoted the expression of Fas and FasL, indicating that TNF-α and Fas/FasL are involved in the apoptosis induced by [C8mim]Br. Additionally, [C8mim]Br cytotoxicity was partly inhibited by N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), and NAC reversed [C8mim]Br-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and blocked apoptotic events by inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This work first demonstrated that the ROS-mediated mitochondrial and death receptor-initiated apoptotic pathway is involved in [C8mim]Br-induced HepG2 cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguo Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China.
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Cao F, Wu H, Lv T, Yang Y, Li Y, Liu S, Hu L, Xu X, Ma L, Zhang X, Li J, Bi X, Gu W, Zhang S. Molecular and biological characterization of gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 79:73-78. [PMID: 29729312 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) plays an important role in the processing of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted antigens by catalyzing disulfide bonds reduction. Herein, a GILT homolog (ScGILT) was identified from silver carp. Its open reading frame covers 771 base pairs, encoding a protein of 256 amino acids that possesses GILT signature sequence CQHGX2ECX2NX4C, active-site CXXC motif, and two potential N-linked glycosylation sites. The predicted tertiary structures of ScGILT and other GILTs were quite similar in shape and positional arrangement of the key motifs. ScGILT mRNA was constitutively expressed in all detected tissues, with high-level expression in fish immune organs, spleen and head kidney. After stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, the expression of ScGILT mRNA significantly increased in spleen and head kidney cells, and ScGILT protein translocated to late endosomes and lysosomes in HeLa cells. Recombinant ScGILT fused with a His6 tag was expressed and purified, and could reduce the interchain disulfide bonds of IgG at pH 4.5. These results suggested that ScGILT was capable of catalyzing disulfide bonds reduction, and then might play an important role in the processing of MHC class II-restricted antigens in silver carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Tongtong Lv
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunqing Yang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuaimei Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lingling Hu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xixi Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiaolin Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shuangquan Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Oprzeska-Zingrebe EA, Smiatek J. Aqueous ionic liquids in comparison with standard co-solutes : Differences and common principles in their interaction with protein and DNA structures. Biophys Rev 2018; 10:809-824. [PMID: 29611033 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-018-0414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are versatile solvents for a broad range of biotechnological applications. Recent experimental and simulation results highlight the potential benefits of dilute ILs in aqueous solution (aqueous ILs) in order to modify protein and DNA structures systematically. In contrast to a limited number of standard co-solutes like urea, ectoine, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), or guanidinium chloride, the large amount of possible cation and anion combinations in aqueous ILs can be used to develop tailor-made stabilizers or destabilizers for specific purposes. In this review article, we highlight common principles and differences between aqueous ILs and standard co-solutes with a specific focus on their underlying macromolecular stabilization or destabilization behavior. In combination with statistical thermodynamics theories, we present an efficient framework, which is used to classify structure modification effects consistently. The crucial importance of enthalpic and entropic contributions to the free energy change upon IL-assisted macromolecular unfolding in combination with a complex destabilization mechanism is described in detail. A special focus is also set on aqueous IL-DNA interactions, for which experimental and simulation outcomes are summarized and discussed in the context of previous findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens Smiatek
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 3, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany. .,Helmholtz Institute Münster: Ionics in Energy Storage (HI MS - IEK 12), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Corrensstrasse 46, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Ma J, Li Y, Li W, Li X. Hepatotoxicity of paraquat on common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:889-898. [PMID: 29107372 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a nonselective herbicide that is used worldwide and has been demonstrated to be a high risk to aquatic organisms. However, relatively little is known about the mechanisms on detoxification and hepatotoxicity of PQ in fish. In the present study, a sub-acute toxicity test of PQ exposure on common carp at 1.596 and 3.192mgL-1 for 7d was conducted under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the transcriptional levels of cytochrome P450s (CYPs), such as CYP1A, CYP2K, and CYP3A138, GSTα and GSTpi, and export pump gene MDR1, as well as the erythromycin-N-demethylase (ERND) activity were generally up-regulated by PQ exposure for 7d, indicating that these genes or enzymes are potentially involved in the detoxification of PQ in the fish liver. Further research showed that PQ exposure significantly increased the levels of HSP70, HSP90, NOS, and MDA; promoted expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-8; altered the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-β, and generally reduced the levels of T-AOC, SOD, CAT, and GSH. In addition, we also found that caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 were significantly activated in the fish liver following PQ exposure. In brief, the present study showed that PQ exposure induced fish liver injury by destabilizing the metabolism of fish, inhibiting antioxidant enzyme activity, elevating lipid peroxidation, and promoting an immune inflammatory response and apoptosis. The present study further enriches and perfects the mechanism theory of PQ hepatotoxicity to fish, which may be valuable for the risk assessment of PQ and human health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junguo Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
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Alterations in transcription and protein expressions of HCC-related genes in HepG2 cells caused by microcystin-LR. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 40:115-123. [PMID: 28062358 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most common and toxic hepatotoxin and it could induce human hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via the route of drinking water. The aim of the present study was to determine the expressions of oncogenes c-fos, c-jun, c-myc, c-met, and N-ras and tumor suppressor gene PTEN in HepG2 cells following MC-LR-exposure to understand the possible mechanism of MC-LR-related human primary liver cancer. The results of qPCR and Western blotting showed that MC-LR-exposure at non- or sub-cytotoxic concentrations promoted the expressions of oncogenes c-fos, c-jun, c-myc, c-met, and N-ras while suppressed tumor-suppressor gene PTEN in HepG2 cells at both transcription and protein levels. This result suggests that HCC-related genes may be involved in human hepatitis and primary liver cancer caused by MC-LR. The work might be useful for evaluating the human health risk resulted from the long-term of MC-LR-exposure at low dose via drinking water route.
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Li X, Ma J, Li Y. Molecular Cloning and Expression Determination ofp38 MAPKfrom the Liver and Kidney of Silver Carp. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30:224-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 People's Republic of China
| | - Junguo Ma
- College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 People's Republic of China
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Zhang B, Jing C, Li X, Wang J. Effect of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide on the expressions of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP3A4, and GSTP1, and the receptors AhR, ARNT, and PXR in HepG2 cells. TOXIN REV 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/15569543.2015.1092992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Li X, Ma J, Wang J. Cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HepG2 cells induced by ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 120:342-348. [PMID: 26099465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the cytotoxicity of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide ([C8mim]Br) on the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells in order to elucidate the biochemical and molecular mechanism of [C8mim]Br-cytotoxicity. For this purpose, cell viability, oxidative stress, apoptosis, caspase activity, and apoptosis-related gene expression in HepG2 cells following [C8mim]Br-exposure were evaluated. The results showed that viability of HepG2 cells was decreased by [C8mim]Br-exposure in a concentration-dependent pattern. Moreover, biochemical assays reveal that [C8mim]Br-exposure can induce apoptosis, cause overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibit superoxide dismutase and catalase, reduce glutathione content, and increase the cellular malondialdehyde level of HepG2 cells. The transcriptions of p53 and bax were markedly up-regulated while bcl-2 was significantly down-regulated in HepG2 cells after [C8mim]Br-exposure, suggesting that p53 and bcl-2 family may be involved in the cytotoxicity and apoptosis of HepG2 cells caused by [C8mim]Br. In addition, we also found that caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 were significantly activated in HepG2 cells following [C8mim]Br-exposure. Our results suggest that ROS may be a key early signal of [C8mim]Br-induced apoptosis and caspases play a key role in the initiation and execution of apoptosis of HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China.
| | - Junguo Ma
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Jianji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
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Ma J, Feng Y, Xie W, Li X. PP2A (PR65) in Silver Carp: cDNA Cloning and Expression Analysis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2015; 29:399-409. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junguo Ma
- College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Yiyi Feng
- College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Wenjie Xie
- College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 China
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Gao J, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Yuan C, Qin F, Liu S, Zheng Y, Wang Z. Molecular characterization of PXR and two sulfotransferases and hepatic transcripts of PXR, two sulfotransferases and CYP3A responsive to bisphenol A in rare minnow Gobiocypris rarus. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:7153-65. [PMID: 25038724 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a wide distributed endocrine-disrupting chemical, has attracted many attentions. To explore the effect of BPA on hepatic metabolic pathways in Gobiocypris rarus, full-length cDNAs of pregnane X receptor (PXR) and two sulfotransferases (SULT1 ST4 and SULT1 ST6) were firstly isolated and characterized. We detected tissues distribution of PXR, CYP3A, SULT1 ST4 and SULT1 ST6 in adult G. rarus. Then we investigated hepatic transcript profiles of these four genes in adult G. rarus exposed to BPA at concentrations of 5, 15, and 50 µg/L for 14 and 35 days. It demonstrates that these four genes are all highly expressed in liver of both male and female adult G. rarus. In response to BPA, sexual dimorphism of expression patterns for PXR, CYP3A, and SULT1 ST6 shows in G. rarus, which includes increase of mRNA levels in females and decrease of mRNA levels in males in both exposure durations of 14 and 35 days. SULT1 ST6 mRNA demonstrates high responsiveness to BPA in both genders and we recommended SULT1 ST6 as a candidate biomarker for BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancao Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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