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Han S, Jun BM, Choi JS, Park CM, Jang M, Nam SN, Yoon Y. Removal of endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals by graphene oxide-based membranes in water: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 363:121437. [PMID: 38852419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Membrane-based water treatment has emerged as a promising solution to address global water challenges. Graphene oxide (GO) has been successfully employed in membrane filtration processes owing to its reversible properties, large-scale production potential, layer-to-layer stacking, great oxygen-based functional groups, and unique physicochemical characteristics, including the creation of nano-channels. This review evaluates the separation performance of various GO-based membranes, manufactured by coating or interfacial polymerization with different support layers such as polymer, metal, and ceramic, for endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs). In most studies, the addition of GO significantly improved the removal efficiency, flux, porosity, hydrophilicity, stability, mechanical strength, and antifouling performance compared to pristine membranes. The key mechanisms involved in contaminant removal included size exclusion, electrostatic exclusion, and adsorption. These mechanisms could be ascribed to the physicochemical properties of compounds, such as molecular size and shape, hydrophilicity, and charge state. Therefore, understanding the removal mechanisms based on compound characteristics and appropriately adjusting the operational conditions are crucial keys to membrane separation. Future research directions should explore the characteristics of the combination of GO derivatives with various support layers, by tailoring diverse operating conditions and compounds for effective removal of EDCs and PhACs. This is expected to accelerate the development of surface modification strategies for enhanced contaminant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyeon Han
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Moon Jun
- Radwaste Management Center, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), 111 Daedeok-Daero 989beon-gil, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Soo Choi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Min Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 447-1 Wolgye-dong Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Nam Nam
- Military Environmental Research Center, Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon, 495 Hoguk-ro, Gogyeong-myeon, Yeongcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38900, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeomin Yoon
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Saddique Z, Imran M, Javaid A, Latif S, Kim TH, Janczarek M, Bilal M, Jesionowski T. Bio-fabricated bismuth-based materials for removal of emerging environmental contaminants from wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 229:115861. [PMID: 37062477 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Although rapid industrialization has made life easier for humans, several associated issues are emerging and harming the environment. Wastewater is regarded as one of the key problems of the 21st century due to its massive production every year and requires immediate attention from all stakeholders to protect the environment. Since the introduction of nanotechnology, bismuth-based nanomaterials have been used in variety of applications. Various techniques, such as hydrothermal, solvo-thermal and biosynthesis, have been reported for synthesizing these materials, etc. Among these, biosynthesis is eco-friendly, cost-effective, and less toxic than conventional chemical methods. The prime focuses of this review are to elaborate biosynthesis of bismuth-based nanomaterials via bio-synthetic agents such as plant, bacteria and fungi and their application in wastewater treatment as anti-pathogen/photocatalyst for pollutant degradation. Besides this, future perspectives have been presented for the upcoming research in this field, along with concluding remarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohaib Saddique
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Ayesha Javaid
- Centre for Inorganic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shoomaila Latif
- School of Physical Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tak H Kim
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Marcin Janczarek
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, PL-60965, Poznan, Poland.
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Leichtweis J, Silvestri S, Stefanello N, Carissimi E. Degradation of ramipril by residues from the brewing industry: A new carbon-based photocatalyst compound. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 281:130987. [PMID: 34289631 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study is a pioneer in the use of hydrochar as a support for photocatalytic oxide and its application and evaluation as a catalyst in degradation reactions of ramipril. Novel composites were easily prepared by the support TiO2 or ZnO nanoparticles on the malt bagasse hydrochar. The preparation of the hydrochar requires low synthesis temperature (250 °C), generating the energy savings of the process. The production of the new composites was well supported by different analytical techniques XRD, FTIR, SSA, SEM, EDS, and reflectance diffuse. The effect of different proportions of TiO2 or ZnO on the composites was investigated on the degradation efficiency of the pharmaceutical ramipril, without pH adjustment. Composites with a 5:1 hydrochar/TiO2 or ZnO ratio (MH5T and MH5Z, respectively) showed degradations of 72 and 98% of ramipril at 120 min. This remarkable performance may be associated with the decrease in band gap energy and the electron-hole recombination rate. In addition, the composites were more efficient than metal oxides pristine, and this may be related to the fact that hydrochar have a high concentration of phenolic, hydroxyl, and carboxylic functional groups on their surface. Radical identification tests indicated that h+, O2•-, and •OH were the reactive species involved in the degradation. The proposed mechanism was studied via LC-MS/MS indicated that the ramipril molecule degrades into low m/z intermediates in the first 60 min of reaction using the MH5Z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jandira Leichtweis
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Siara Silvestri
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Nádia Stefanello
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000 - 7, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Elvis Carissimi
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Todedji J, Sopoh G, Degbey C, Yessoufou A, Suanon F, Mama D. Assessment of the quality of effluent management from university hospitals in the Littoral department in Benin. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1429. [PMID: 34281505 PMCID: PMC8290578 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11478-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liquid discharges from hospitals (effluents) threaten the environment and are now a central concern of all stakeholders in the health system and those in the protection of the environment. The management of effluents is a major problem in developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of effluent management at the level of university hospital centers (CHU) in the Littoral region in Benin. Methods It was a cross-sectional, descriptive, evaluative study that took place in 2020 to assess the “structure”, “process” and “results” components according to standard thresholds (Bad: < 60%; Acceptable: [60–80% [and Good: ≥ 80%). Results In all the CHUs, all the components, as well as the overall quality of the management of hospital effluents, had a score between 0 and 60%, with an assessment deemed bad. The poor quality of the process highlighted the non-compliance with standards relating to the management of hospital liquid discharges. Several factors linked to the “structure”, “process” and “results” components at the same time explain this poor management of university hospitals effluents. Conclusion These effluents discharged without prior treatment into wastewater could constitute a source of dissemination of potentially pathogenic microorganisms. It is therefore important to develop methods for treating these effluents before they are released into the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judicaël Todedji
- Department of Environmental Health, Regional Institute of Public Health, University of Abomey-Calavi, Ouidah, Benin
| | - Ghislain Sopoh
- Department of Environmental Health, Regional Institute of Public Health, University of Abomey-Calavi, Ouidah, Benin
| | - Cyriaque Degbey
- Department of Environmental Health, Regional Institute of Public Health, University of Abomey-Calavi, Ouidah, Benin. .,University Hospital Hygiene Clinic, National University Hospital Center Hubert Koutoukou Maga, Cotonou, Benin.
| | - Arouna Yessoufou
- National Institute of Water, Laboratory of Applied Hydrology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Fidèle Suanon
- National Institute of Water, Laboratory of Applied Hydrology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Daouda Mama
- National Institute of Water, Laboratory of Applied Hydrology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
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Detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. in effluents of different hospitals sewage in Biratnagar, Nepal. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:641. [PMID: 31585537 PMCID: PMC6778374 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4689-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was aimed to determine prevalence and resistance pattern like multidrug resistant (MDR) or ESBL nature of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. from various sewage drain samples with an idea to deliver baseline information that could be utilized for defining guidelines for the treatment of hospital sewages. Results Of 10 sewage samples analyzed, 7 (70%) contained E. coli while 6 (60%) contained Klebsiella. Except one sample, all positive samples contained both E. coli and Klebsiella spp. E. coli isolates were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefoxitin, cefuroxime, and cefpodoxime; while 85.7% were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate, ceftazidime, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. 71.4%, 57.1%, 42.9%, and 28.6% were resistant to aztreonam, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, nitrofurantoin, and gentamicin. Most were sensitive to chloramphenicol, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin. 85.7% and 57.1% of E. coli were MDR and ESBL isolates, respectively. Klebsiella were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, and amoxicillin/clavulanate. 83.4% of Klebsiella were resistant to cefoxitin. 66.7% of strains were resistant to cefuroxime, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and cefpodoxime. Klebsiella showed 50% resistant to aztreonam and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, while 33.3% were resistant to chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. Klebsiella were sensitive to azithromycin and gentamicin. 66.7% and 33.3% of Klebsiella were MDR and ESBL isolates, respectively.
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Terechovs AKE, Ansari AJ, McDonald JA, Khan SJ, Hai FI, Knott NA, Zhou J, Nghiem LD. Occurrence and bioconcentration of micropollutants in Silver Perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) in a reclaimed water reservoir. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:585-593. [PMID: 30205348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the occurrence of 49 micropollutants in reclaimed water and Silver Perch (Bidyanus bidyanus) living in a reclaimed water reservoir. The numbers of micropollutants detected in reclaimed water, Silver Perch liver, and Silver Perch flesh were 20, 23, and 19, respectively. Concentrations of all micropollutants in reclaimed water, except benzotriazole, were well below the Australian Guideline for Recycled Water (AGRW) values for potable purposes. The concentration of benzotriazole in reclaimed water was 675 ± 130 ng/L while the AGRW value for this compound was 7 ng/L. Not all micropollutants detected in the water phase were identified in the Silver Perch flesh and liver tissues. Likewise, not all micropollutants detected in the Silver Perch flesh and liver were identified in the reclaimed water. In general, micropollutant concentrations in the liver were higher than in the flesh. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was detected at a trace level in reclaimed water well below the AGRW guideline value for potable purposes, but showed a high and medium bioconcentration factor in Silver Perch liver and flesh, respectively. In addition, the risk quotient for PFOS was medium and high when considering its concentration in Silver Perch liver and flesh, respectively. Results reported here highlight the need to evaluate multiple parameters for a comprehensive risk assessment. The results also single out PFOS as a notable contaminant of concern for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K E Terechovs
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Ashley J Ansari
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - James A McDonald
- Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Stuart J Khan
- Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Faisal I Hai
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Nathan A Knott
- Department of Primary Industry, Huskisson, NSW 2540, Australia.
| | - John Zhou
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Medical Wastewater Characterization in the Gaza Strip: Al-Shifa Medical Complex as a Case Study. HEALTH SCOPE 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope.14513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sources and impacts of pharmaceutical components in wastewater and its treatment process: A review. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-017-0255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Souza FS, Féris LA. Consumption-based approach for pharmaceutical compounds in a large hospital. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:2217-2223. [PMID: 27796150 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2016.1255262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hospital wastewater contains a great variety of pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs), mainly due to excretion by patients. These PhCs, called emerging pollutants, are not fully eliminated in treatment plants, and are consequently detected in various environmental matrices, contributing to bacterial resistance and adverse environmental impacts on water resources. This study explores a consumption-based approach to predict the contribution of PhCs to a Brazilian hospital's wastewater. This approach identifies the consumption of major pharmaceutical classes in the studied hospital. Overall, this approach demonstrates a unique opportunity to screen PhCs used in hospitals and identify priority pollutants in hospital wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Siqueira Souza
- a Chemical Engineering Department , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
| | - Liliana Amaral Féris
- a Chemical Engineering Department , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , RS , Brazil
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Christou A, Karaolia P, Hapeshi E, Michael C, Fatta-Kassinos D. Long-term wastewater irrigation of vegetables in real agricultural systems: Concentration of pharmaceuticals in soil, uptake and bioaccumulation in tomato fruits and human health risk assessment. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 109:24-34. [PMID: 27865170 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater (WW) reuse for vegetable crops irrigation is regularly applied worldwide. Such a practice has been found to allow the uptake of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) by plants and their subsequent entrance to the food web, representing an important alternative pathway for the exposure of humans to PhACs, with potential health implications. Herein we report the impacts of the long-term (three consecutive years) WW irrigation of a tomato crop with two differently treated effluents under real agricultural conditions, on (1) the soil concentration of selected PhACs (i.e. diclofenac, DCF; sulfamethoxazole, SMX; trimethoprim, TMP), (2) the bioaccumulation of these PhACs in tomato fruits, and (3) the human risks associated with the consumption of WW-irrigated fruits. Results revealed that the concentration of the studied PhACs in both the soil and tomato fruits varied depending on the qualitative characteristics of the treated effluent applied and the duration of WW irrigation. The PhAC with the highest soil concentration throughout the studied period was SMX (0.98 μg kg-1), followed by TMP (0.62 μg kg-1) and DCF (0.35 μg kg-1). DCF was not found in tomato fruits harvested from WW-irrigated plants during the first year of the study. However, DCF displayed the highest fruit concentration (11.63 μg kg-1) throughout the study (as a result of prolonged WW irrigation), followed by SMX (5.26 μg kg-1) and TMP (3.40 μg kg-1). The calculated fruit bioconcentration factors (BCFF) were extremely high for DCF in the 2nd (108) and 3rd year (132) of the experimental period, with the respective values for SMX (0.5-5.4) and TMP (0.2-6.4) being significantly lower. The estimated threshold of toxicity concern (TTC) and hazard quotients (HQ) values revealed that the consumption of fruits harvested from tomato plants irrigated for long period with the WW applied for irrigation under field conditions in this study represent a de minimis risk to human health. However, more studies need to be performed in order to obtain more solid information on the safety of WW reuse for irrigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasis Christou
- Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Natural Recourses, P.O. Box 22016, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Popi Karaolia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Evroula Hapeshi
- NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Costas Michael
- NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Puckowski A, Mioduszewska K, Łukaszewicz P, Borecka M, Caban M, Maszkowska J, Stepnowski P. Bioaccumulation and analytics of pharmaceutical residues in the environment: A review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 127:232-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Christou A, Antoniou C, Christodoulou C, Hapeshi E, Stavrou I, Michael C, Fatta-Kassinos D, Fotopoulos V. Stress-related phenomena and detoxification mechanisms induced by common pharmaceuticals in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 557-558:652-664. [PMID: 27037887 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) have been recently shown to exert phytotoxic effects. The present study explores the uptake, systemic translocation, and abiotic stress responses and detoxification mechanisms induced by the exposure of alfalfa plants grown in sand under greenhouse conditions to four common, individually applied PhACs (10μgL(-1)) (diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, 17a-ethinylestradiol) and their mixture. Stress physiology markers (lipid peroxidation, proline, H2O2 and NO content, antioxidant activity assays) and gene expression levels of key plant detoxification components (including glutathione S-transferases, GST7, GST17; superoxide dismutases, CuZnSOD, FeSOD; proton pump, H(+)-ATP, and cytochrome c oxidase, CytcOx), were evaluated. PhACs were detected in significantly higher concentrations in roots compared with leaves. Stress related effects, manifested via membrane lipid peroxidation and oxidative burst, were local (roots) rather than systemic (leaves), and exacerbated when the tested PhACs were applied in mixture. Systemic accumulation of H2O2 in leaves suggests its involvement in signal transduction and detoxification responses. Increased antioxidant enzymatic activities, as well as upregulated transcript levels of GST7, GST17, H(+)-ATPase and CytcOx, propose their role in the detoxification of the selected PhACs in plants. The current findings provide novel biochemical and molecular evidence highlighting the studied PhACs as an emerging abiotic stress factor, and point the need for further research on wastewater flows under natural agricultural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chrystalla Antoniou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Charalampia Christodoulou
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - Evroula Hapeshi
- NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Stavrou
- NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Costas Michael
- NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; NIREAS-International Water Research Center, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Lemesos, Cyprus.
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Carraro E, Bonetta S, Bertino C, Lorenzi E, Bonetta S, Gilli G. Hospital effluents management: Chemical, physical, microbiological risks and legislation in different countries. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 168:185-99. [PMID: 26708649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hospital wastewater (HWW) can contain hazardous substances, such as pharmaceutical residues, chemical hazardous substances, pathogens and radioisotopes. Due to these substances, hospital wastewater can represent a chemical, biological and physical risk for public and environmental health. In particular, several studies demonstrate that the main effects of these substances can't be neutralised by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). These substances can be found in a wide range of concentrations due to the size of a hospital, the bed density, number of inpatients and outpatients, the number and the type of wards, the number and types of services, the country and the season. Some hazardous substances produced in hospital facilities have a regulatory status and are treated like waste and are disposed of accordingly (i.e., dental amalgam and medications). Legislation is quite homogeneous for these substances in all industrial countries. Problems that have emerged in the last decade concern substances and microorganisms that don't have a regulatory status, such as antibiotic residues, drugs and specific pathogens. At a global level, guidelines exist for treatment methods for these effluents, but legislation in all major industrial countries don't contain limitations on these parameters. Therefore, a monitoring system is necessary for these effluents as well as for substances and pathogens, as these elements can represent a risk to the environment and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Carraro
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Torino, Italy.
| | - Si Bonetta
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - C Bertino
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - E Lorenzi
- Società Metropolitana Acque Torino S.p.A., C.so XI Febbraio, 14, 10152, Torino, Italy
| | - Sa Bonetta
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - G Gilli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Torino, Piazza Polonia 94, 10126, Torino, Italy
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