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Monteleone M, Di Luca G, Filomia M, Fuoco A, Figoli A, Jansen JC. Odours in Asphalt: Analysis of the Release of H 2S from Bitumen by a Mass Spectrometric Residual Gas Analyser. Methods Protoc 2024; 7:55. [PMID: 39051269 PMCID: PMC11270173 DOI: 10.3390/mps7040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
During the production and laying phases of hot-mixing asphalt (HMA), various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and noxious gases such as H2S are released into the atmosphere. These emissions are a serious environmental problem, a risk to human health, and expose workers and residents to unfriendly odours. The aim of this study was the development of a fast and sensitive analytical method to detect the H2S emitted from hot bituminous binder that is generally used in the various stages of asphalt production, processing, handling and during road construction. The method consisted in the analysis of evolved H2S from a flask with molten bitumen, using nitrogen as a carrier gas to lead the volatile compounds into a residual gas analyser equipped with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The analysis was performed following the H2S-specific signals at m/z 33 (HS+) and at m/z 34 (H2S+) in real time, directly on the sample without laborious and expensive pre-treatments and with short response times (<6 s). Calibration with a standard mixture of 1000 ppm of H2S in nitrogen allows semi-quantitative H2S detection. The sensitivity and rapidity of the method were evaluated by quenching the release of sulphur compounds with commercial odour-suppressing agents. Upon addition of 0.1% of additive in two minutes, the H2S signal drops about 80% in two minutes, confirming the good response of the method, even with a very complex matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Monteleone
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy; (G.D.L.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (J.C.J.)
| | - Giuseppe Di Luca
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy; (G.D.L.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (J.C.J.)
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, via P. Bucci, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Marcello Filomia
- HA Italia S.p.A., Viale della Scienza, 78-80, 36100 Vicenza, Italy;
| | - Alessio Fuoco
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy; (G.D.L.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (J.C.J.)
| | - Alberto Figoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy; (G.D.L.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (J.C.J.)
| | - Johannes Carolus Jansen
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ITM), via P. Bucci 17/C, 87036 Rende, Italy; (G.D.L.); (A.F.); (A.F.); (J.C.J.)
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2
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Zhang R, Tang N, Zhu H, Xi Y, Li R, Hao G. Long-term escape behavior and release mechanism of organic emissions from asphalt materials. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174601. [PMID: 38997013 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
In the context of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking, investigating the long-term escape behavior and release mechanism of organic emissions from asphalt materials can contribute to the development of environmentally sustainable asphalt pavements. In this study, the long-term emission behavior and release mechanism of organic emissions from asphalt materials were unraveled by combining the headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fluorescence microscopy (FM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests. The results demonstrate that the pressure aging vessel (PAV) test and the ultraviolet (UV) aging test can result in a notable reduction in the concentration of organic emissions from asphalt materials, respectively. This indicates that asphalt pavements can potentially release a substantial quantity of organic emissions during their long-term service life. Besides, the aging mechanism of asphalt materials is established to unravel the release mechanism of organic emissions from asphalt materials. Aging increases the probability of organic emissions being released and volatilized from asphalt materials, which leads to the organic emissions from asphalt materials being more likely to be released and volatilized. Consequently, the aging process facilitates a greater release and volatilization of organic emissions from asphalt materials, resulting in a decrease in the detected concentration of these emissions after aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Transportation and Civil Engineering Materials, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China.
| | - Nipping Tang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Transportation and Civil Engineering Materials, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Hongzhou Zhu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Transportation and Civil Engineering Materials, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China.
| | - Yuan Xi
- The Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Transportation and Civil Engineering Materials, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Gengren Hao
- Institute of Urban Smart Transportation & Safety Maintenance, College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; National Key Laboratory of Green and Long-Life Road Engineering in Extreme Environment, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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3
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Deller Z, Grist S, Giustozzi F, Maniam S. Multimethod Approach to Investigate the Factors Influencing High-Temperature Fuming of Bitumen. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3217-3228. [PMID: 38284018 PMCID: PMC10809709 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Bitumen is heated at high temperatures during asphalt paving applications. In these circumstances, there is the possibility for fuming. These fumes can vary in intensity and, if significant, may attract complaints. The bitumen's chemical composition depends on the crude oil from which it originates. A tool to screen bitumen and evaluate its potential to release fumes would be highly beneficial. In this study, three methods have been employed to investigate a series of bitumen samples that were known to produce complaints by (a) quantifying benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m, o, p-xylene (BTEX), (b) measuring the partition coefficients of these analytes, and (c) measuring the volatile mass of bitumen exposed to isothermal heating. It was found that the concentration of BTEX varied significantly between bitumen samples. The partition coefficients of these analytes are substantially the same between samples. Finally, the volatile mass of each sample varies significantly between samples, independent of bitumen grade or country of origin. These volatile masses correlate strongly with fuming complaints from bitumen and can be used as predictors of bitumen fuming risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Deller
- Applied
Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Stephen Grist
- Applied
Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Filippo Giustozzi
- Civil
and Infrastructure, School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Subashani Maniam
- Applied
Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
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4
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Wang S, Yang C, Zhao J, Li C, Fan X. Rapid and Direct Assessment of Asphalt Volatile Organic Compound Emission Based on Carbon Fiber Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:12968-12979. [PMID: 37065020 PMCID: PMC10099131 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to the complicacy of asphalt fumes, the analytical methods for investigating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are very limited. In this study, a direct and real-time analysis method based on carbon fiber ionization mass spectrometry (CFI-MS), an ambient mass spectrometric technique, was established and successfully applied in the analysis of asphalt VOCs. The asphalt VOCs can be directly detected in the open atmosphere without the collection step of asphalt fumes, and the mass spectra of one asphalt sample can be obtained in a few seconds in both positive and negative ion modes. By investigating the mass spectral changes of asphalt fumes at different heating temperatures ranging from 50 to 200 °C, the temperature factor of asphalt fume emission was demonstrated in this work. The research results demonstrate that the complexity of asphalt fumes is positively related to the applied temperature. Moreover, the VOCs of saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes fractions were also analyzed by the direct analysis method. The result shows that aromatics contribute most to the emission of VOCs. In addition, the obtained mass spectra combined with the principal component analysis method show the great potential to quickly screen VOC inhibitors of asphalt materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- College
of Science, Chang’an University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710064, China
| | - Chenchen Yang
- Shaanxi
Coal Chemical Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an, Shaanxi 710064, China
| | - Junteng Zhao
- College
of Future Transportation, Chang’an
University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710064, China
| | - Chenyao Li
- College
of Future Transportation, Chang’an
University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710064, China
| | - Xinhao Fan
- College
of Civil Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710064, China
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5
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Liu G, Fang S, Wang Y, Liu J, Liang Y, Cao T, Liu Q. Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds in Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen and Its Inhibition by Using Montmorillonite Nanoclay. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061513. [PMID: 36987293 PMCID: PMC10053872 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bitumen emits a large amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the production and construction of asphalt mixture, which can cause both environmental hazards and health risks. In this study, a setup was designed to collect the VOCs released by base and crumb rubber-modified bitumen (CRMB) binders and their composition was characterized by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). Next, organic montmorillonite (Mt) nanoclay was added into CRMB binder and its inhibiting effect on the VOCs emission of the binder was investigated. Finally, the VOCs emission models for the CRMB and Mt-modified CRMB (Mt-CRMB) binders were established according to reasonable assumptions. The results indicated that the VOCs emission of CRMB binder was 3.2 times larger than that of the base binder. Due to its intercalated structure, the nanoclay can reduce the VOCs emission of CRMB binder by 30.6%. Especially, its inhibition effects on alkanes, olefins, and aromatic hydrocarbons were more significant. After finite element verification, the established model based on the Fick's second law can describe the emission behavior of CRMB and Mt-CRMB binders well. Overall, the Mt nanoclay can be used as an effective modifier to inhibit the VOCs emission of CRMB binder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuaiyin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Water and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Jinjun Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yangshi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tingwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Quantao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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6
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Deep Eutectic Solvents – ideal solution for clean air or hidden danger? Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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7
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Blaauw SA, Maina JW, O'Connell J. Exposure of construction workers to hazardous emissions in highway rehabilitation projects measured with low-cost sensors. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:119872. [PMID: 35995294 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Construction workers on highway rehabilitation projects can be exposed to a combination of traffic- and construction-related emissions. To assess the personal exposure a worker experiences, a portable battery-operated Air Quality Device (AQD) was utilised to measure emissions during normal construction operations of a major road rehabilitation project. Emissions measured were nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOCs) and Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1). The objective of the paper is to document the hazardous emissions that construction workers may be exposed to and allow for a basis of informed decision making to mitigate the risks of a road construction project. Most critically, this article is designed to raise awareness of the potential impact to a worker's wellbeing as well as highlight the need for further research. Through statistical analysis, asphalt paving was identified as the most hazardous activity in terms of exposure relative to other activities. This activity was further assessed using discrete-time Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations with results indicating a high probability that workers may be exposed to greater hazardous emission concentrations than measured. Limiting the distance to the source of emissions, large-scale use of warm-mix asphalt and reducing the idling times of construction vehicles were identified as practical mitigation measures to reduce exposure and aid in achieving zero-harm objectives. Finally, it is found that males are more susceptible to long-term implications of hazardous emission inhalation and should be more aware if the scenarios they might work in expose them to this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheldon A Blaauw
- Arup, 1st Floor City Gate West, Tollhouse Hill, Nottingham, NG1 5AT, UK; Department of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa.
| | - James W Maina
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa.
| | - Johan O'Connell
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa; Smart Mobility, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Private Bag 395, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
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8
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Deller Z, Maniam S, Giustozzi F. Sample Preparation and Analytical Methods for Identifying Organic Compounds in Bituminous Emissions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165068. [PMID: 36014307 PMCID: PMC9416622 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bitumen is a major construction material that can emit harmful fumes when heated. These fumes pose health risks to workers and communities near construction projects or asphalt mixing plants. The chemical complexity of bitumen fumes and the increasing use of additives add to the difficulty of analytically quantifying the harmful chemicals emitted using a single technique. Research on bitumen emissions consists of numerous sample preparation and analytical methods. There are a range of considerations to be made when deciding on an appropriate sample preparation method and instrumental configuration to optimise the analysis of specific organic contaminants in emissions. Researchers investigating emissions from bituminous materials may need to consider a range of analytical techniques to quantify harmful chemicals and assess the efficacy of new additives. This review summarises the primary methodologies for sample preparation and analytical techniques used in bitumen research and discusses future challenges and solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Deller
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Subashani Maniam
- Applied Chemistry and Environmental Science, School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Filippo Giustozzi
- Civil and Infrastructure, School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
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9
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Marchel M, Cieśliński H, Boczkaj G. Thermal Instability of Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents and Its Influence on Their Toxicity─Important Limitations of DESs as Sustainable Materials. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Marchel
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Hubert Cieśliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Sanitary Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
- EkoTech Center, Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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10
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Boom YJ, Enfrin M, Grist S, Giustozzi F. Recycled plastic modified bitumen: Evaluation of VOCs and PAHs from laboratory generated fumes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:155037. [PMID: 35395294 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A key aspect when investigating the use of recycled plastics in bitumen relates considerably to the issues relating to occupational, health and safety for humans and the environment from a fuming and emissions perspective. This research investigates laboratory-generated fumes in the forms of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) generated from producing polymer modified bitumen using five different types of recycled plastics. A comparative analysis of recycled plastic modified bitumen fumes was conducted based on a series of optimized parameters, including working temperatures (160 °C, 180 °C and 200 °C) and polymer contents (1%, 2%, 4% and 6% by weight of bitumen) against neat bitumen and polymer-modified bitumen. Forty-eight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results from the comparative analysis revealed that the incorporation of recycled plastics could reduce overall emissions from both VOCs and PAHs perspectives. The reduction in emissions can be attributed to the enhancement in thermal stability of the bitumen blend when recycled plastics are added. The reduction rate is heavily dependent on the type and source of recycled plastics used in the blending process. Furthermore, a specific compound concentration analysis of the top-four weighted compounds emitted reveals that the total concentration of emissions can be deceiving as specific compounds can spike when adding recycled plastics in bitumen despite a reduction trend for the overall concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Jia Boom
- Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, 376392 Swanston St, VIC, 3000 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marie Enfrin
- Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, 376392 Swanston St, VIC, 3000 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen Grist
- Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, 376392 Swanston St, VIC, 3000 Melbourne, Australia
| | - Filippo Giustozzi
- Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, 376392 Swanston St, VIC, 3000 Melbourne, Australia.
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11
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When Physical Chemistry Meets Circular Economy to Solve Environmental Issues: How the ReScA Project Aims at Using Waste Pyrolysis Products to Improve and Rejuvenate Bitumens. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14105790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Urban waste management is a hard task: more than 30% of the world’s total production of Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) is not adequately handled, with landfilling remaining as a common practice. Another source of wastes is the road pavement industry: with a service life of about 10–15 years, asphalts become stiff, susceptible to cracks, and therefore no longer adapted for road paving, so they become wastes. To simultaneously solve these problems, a circular economy-based approach is proposed by the ReScA project, suggesting the use of pyrolysis to treat MSW (or its fractions as Refuse Derived Fuels, RDFs), whose residues (oil and char) can be used as added-value ingredients for the asphalt cycle. Char can be used to prepare better performing and durable asphalts, and oil can be used to regenerate exhaust asphalts, avoiding their landfilling. The proposed approach provides a different and more useful pathway in the end-of-waste (EoW) cycle of urban wastes. This proof of concept is suggested by the following two observations: (i) char is made up by carbonaceous particles highly compatible with the organic nature of bitumens, so its addition can reinforce the overall bitumen structure, increasing its mechanical properties and slowing down the molecular kinetics of its aging process; (ii) oil is rich in hydrocarbons, so it can enrich the poor fraction of the maltene phase in exhaust asphalts. These hypotheses have been proved by testing the residues derived from the pyrolysis of RDFs for the improvement of mechanical characteristics of a representative bitumen sample and its regeneration after aging. The proposed approach is suggested by the physico-chemical study of the materials involved, and aims to show how the chemical knowledge of complex systems, like bituminous materials, can help in solving environmental issues. We hope that this approach will be considered as a model method for the future.
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12
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New innovations in pavement materials and engineering: A review on pavement engineering research 2021. JOURNAL OF TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING (ENGLISH EDITION) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtte.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Loise V, Calandra P, Abe AA, Porto M, Oliviero Rossi C, Davoli M, Caputo P. Additives on aged bitumens: What probe to distinguish between rejuvenating and fluxing effects? J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Cargnin RS, Adolfo FR, Cícero do Nascimento P, Schmidt P, Brudi LC, Machado de Carvalho L, Bohrer do Nascimento D, Coutinho Cravo MC, Herrmann do Nascimento LA. Collection of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles from asphalt fumes and quantification by an HPLC-DAD method. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:3307-3315. [PMID: 34235513 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00429h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A chromatographic method is described for the separation and quantification of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) using liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (DAD). The PASHs that were investigated in this study were chosen based on their similarity in molecular weight, volatility and polarity of their PAH analogues. The chromatographic separation of the compounds was optimized, and their analytical characteristics were evaluated. The limits of detection and quantification ranged from 0.05 for 2,3,4,7-tetramethylbenzothiophene to 2.16 μg L-1 for thieno[2,3-b]thiophene and from 0.16 for 2,3,4,7-tetramethylbenzothiophene to 6.53 μg L-1 for thieno[2,3-b]thiophene, respectively. Recoveries ranged from 84.9 for benzo[b]benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]thiophene to 110% for dinaphtho[2,1-b:1',2'-d]thiophene. Intermediate precisions and repeatabilities lie between 1.4 and 3.0%, and 0.3 and 1.7%, respectively. The chromatographic method was applied for determination of PASHs directly in asphalt fumes, which were obtained by heating asphalt samples in a homemade closed system. The mutual interference of PAH analogues was also discussed. The method was successfully used for PASH determination in asphalt samples obtained from three different oil refineries in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejane Secretti Cargnin
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, C.P. 5051, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Franciele Rovasi Adolfo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, C.P. 5051, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Patrícia Schmidt
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, C.P. 5051, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Callegaro Brudi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, C.P. 5051, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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15
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Evaluation of Reductions in Fume Emissions (VOCs and SVOCs) from Warm Mix Asphalt Incorporating Natural Zeolite and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement for Sustainable Pavements. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12229546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conventional asphalt mixtures used for road paving require high manufacturing temperatures and therefore high energy expenditure, which has a negative environmental impact and creates risk in the workplace owing to high emissions of pollutants, greenhouse gases, and toxic fumes. Reducing energy consumption and emissions is a continuous challenge for the asphalt industry. Previous studies have focused on the reduction of emissions without characterizing their composition, and detailed characterization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in asphalt fumes is scarce. This communication describes the characterization and evaluation of VOCs and SVOCs from asphalt mixtures prepared at lower production temperatures using natural zeolite; in some cases, reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) was used. Fumes were extracted from different asphalt mix preparations using a gas syringe and then injected into hermetic gas sample bags. The compounds present in the fumes were sampled with a fiber and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In general, the preparation of warm mix asphalts (WMA) using RAP and natural zeolite as aggregates showed beneficial effects, reducing VOCs and SVOCs compared to hot mix asphalts (HMA). The fumes captured presented a similar composition to those from HMA, consisting principally of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds but with few halogenated compounds and no polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Thus, the paving mixtures described here are a friendlier alternative for the environment and for the health of road workers, in addition to permitting the re-use of RAP.
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Li N, Jiang Q, Wang F, Xie J, Li Y, Li J, Wu S. Emission behavior, environmental impact and priority-controlled pollutants assessment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during asphalt pavement construction based on laboratory experiment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122904. [PMID: 32502802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) release from asphalt pavement construction is a potential emission source. The detailed emission behaviors were simulated in the laboratory, and the corresponding environmental impact was investigated as well. A set of dedicated devices were applied to mirror 3 representative scenarios namely mixture plant, transportation and paving processes with VOCs emission concentrations varied from 4.24 mg/m3 to 104.16 mg/m3. Ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) were built to evaluate the environmental impact, indicating that the reactive ability differed in the specified substances. The alkenes (n ≤ 4) and aldehydes, alkanes (n ≥ 6) and alkylbenzenes with relative lower concentration were the main sources for the OFP and SOA generation, and they contributed to more than 62% OFP and 97% SOA respectively. The top 10 contributors to concentration, OFP and SOA had been identified. For the complex species existed in VOCs emission and the lack of VOCs control standards, this study provided possible access to screen priority-controlled pollutants based on information entropy method, in terms of both environmental and human health impact. In addition, the first-class priority-controlled species had been determined, urgently needing more attention in the future VOCs management during asphalt pavement construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Qi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Fusong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Jiashuo Li
- Institute of Blue and Green Development, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, Shandong, China.
| | - Shaopeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Abstract
As a renewable biomass resource, biochar is new to modify or replace asphalt binder in pavement engineering. This paper focuses on the effect of biochar on the anti-aging performance of asphalt binder. The short- and long-term aging properties of biochar modified asphalt binder were investigated using dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR) tests. The modification mechanism was investigated through the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test. The aging tests and viscosity analysis showed that the softening point of biochar modified asphalt binder was higher than base asphalt binder, while the aging index and aging viscosity ratio were lower than base asphalt binder. After aging, the temperature sensitivity of biochar modified asphalt binder decreased and the high-temperature stability, reflected by dynamic shear modulus and resistance to rutting, improved. The BBR test after long-term aging showed that the anti-aging performance of biochar modified asphalt binder decreased with the decrease in temperature, and control of the biochar content could ensure good low-temperature performance of the modified asphalt binder after aging. FTIR spectra analysis showed that biochar in modified asphalt binder is physically blended with asphalt binder.
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Solid phase microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water samples by a fiber coated with covalent organic framework modified graphitic carbon nitride. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1628:461428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Borinelli JB, Blom J, Portillo-Estrada M, Kara De Maeijer P, Van den bergh W, Vuye C. VOC Emission Analysis of Bitumen Using Proton-Transfer Reaction Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3659. [PMID: 32825044 PMCID: PMC7504115 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bitumen is one of the most important materials used in roads. During asphalt pavement construction, workers can be affected by emissions, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), when bitumen is heated. Therefore, it is crucial to correctly identify and measure VOCs. This paper presents a novel, promising method to determine VOC emissions. The proposed method offers a way to standardize routine measurements on a lab scale, enabling reliable comparison across bitumen types and their modifications or additives. A proton-transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) was used to monitor VOC emissions from commercial unmodified bitumen and crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) with heating of up to 180 °C. Results confirmed that the temperature range of 160-180 °C is a highly influential factor for VOC emissions from heated commercial bitumen and particularly CRMB. A significant increase in alkane and aromatic emission was detected when the binders were heated to 180 °C. Sulfur-containing VOCs were almost nonexistent for the base bitumen fumes, while a significant increase was detected in the fumes when two different types of CR were added to the bitumen, even at 120 °C. The additional CR in the bituminous binder contributed to the potentially harmful VOC emission of benzothiazole, which belongs to the class of sulfur-containing compounds. The concentration of benzothiazole was 65%, 38%, and 35% higher for CR1 in comparison to CR2 at 140, 160, and 180 °C, respectively. It is clear from the results that this method allows different bitumen sources or modifications to be quickly analyzed and their VOC emissions cross-compared. If adopted and confirmed further, the method could offer the asphalt industry a viable solution to monitor VOC emissions by analyzing samples in real time at different steps of the production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaffer Bressan Borinelli
- Road Engineering Research Section (RERS), EMIB, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (J.B.); (P.K.D.M.); (W.V.d.b.); (C.V.)
| | - Johan Blom
- Road Engineering Research Section (RERS), EMIB, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (J.B.); (P.K.D.M.); (W.V.d.b.); (C.V.)
| | - Miguel Portillo-Estrada
- Research Group PLECO (Plants and Ecosystems), Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Patricia Kara De Maeijer
- Road Engineering Research Section (RERS), EMIB, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (J.B.); (P.K.D.M.); (W.V.d.b.); (C.V.)
| | - Wim Van den bergh
- Road Engineering Research Section (RERS), EMIB, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (J.B.); (P.K.D.M.); (W.V.d.b.); (C.V.)
| | - Cedric Vuye
- Road Engineering Research Section (RERS), EMIB, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; (J.B.); (P.K.D.M.); (W.V.d.b.); (C.V.)
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Li MY, Bai FY, Pan XM. Theoretical study of H-atom abstraction reactions from CH3CH2OCH2CH3, CHF2CF2OCH2CF3 and CF3CH2OCH3 by NO3 radical & subsequent degradation. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 93:107453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.107453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Makoś P, Przyjazny A, Boczkaj G. Methods of assaying volatile oxygenated organic compounds in effluent samples by gas chromatography—A review. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1592:143-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Yang X, You Z, Perram D, Hand D, Ahmed Z, Wei W, Luo S. Emission analysis of recycled tire rubber modified asphalt in hot and warm mix conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 365:942-951. [PMID: 30616305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The hazardous emissions of crumb rubber (CR) modified asphalt during construction has been a concern for a long period. This study aims to identify the emission components in the CR modified asphalt in traditional hot mix asphalt (HMA) and with recently developed warm mix asphalt (WMA). The dynamic headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) was employed for identifying the emission of asphalt binders at 120°C, 140°C and 160°C. The coupling of gas chromatography and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (GC-FTIR) was used to analyze the emission during the plant mixing for conventional HMA, CR-HMA and CR-WMA. The results showed the emission amount was highly dependent on mixing temperature. The warm mix technology can reduce the emission level significantly and should be encouraged in the asphalt mixture containing CR. Asphalt source and other extra additives in producing CR modified asphalt can also affect the emission significantly. Asphalt mixture containing CR can release toxic emissions such as xylene and toluene significantly higher compared to that without CR. In addition, it was found that the emission amount from the GCMS test for asphalt binder was lower than that in the field test for asphalt mix due to the thin asphalt film of asphalt mix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Zhanping You
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA.
| | - David Perram
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA.
| | - David Hand
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA.
| | - Zeyad Ahmed
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA; Saudi Aramco, Environmental Protection Department, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, 67260, USA.
| | - Sang Luo
- Intelligent Transport System Research Center, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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Zedler Ł, Klein M, Saeb MR, Colom X, Cañavate J, Formela K. Synergistic Effects of Bitumen Plasticization and Microwave Treatment on Short-Term Devulcanization of Ground Tire Rubber. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1265. [PMID: 30961190 PMCID: PMC6401752 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ground tire rubber (GTR) was mechano-chemically modified with road bitumen 160/220 and subsequently treated using a microwave radiation. The combined impact of bitumen 160/220 content and microwave treatment on short-term devulcanization of GTR was studied by thermal camera, wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WD-XRF), static headspace, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SHS-GC-MS), thermogravimetric analysis combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TGA-FTIR), oscillating disc rheometer and static mechanical properties measurements. The obtained results showed that bitumen plasticizer prevents oxidation of GTR during microwave treatment and simultaneously improves processing and thermal stability of obtained reclaimed rubber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Zedler
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12., 80⁻233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Marek Klein
- Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, 16765-654 Teheran, Iran.
| | - Xavier Colom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Tech, Carrer de Colom, 1, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Javier Cañavate
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Tech, Carrer de Colom, 1, 08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Krzysztof Formela
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12., 80⁻233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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24
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Makoś P, Przyjazny A, Boczkaj G. Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents as “green” extraction media for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1570:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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25
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Gągol M, Przyjazny A, Boczkaj G. Highly effective degradation of selected groups of organic compounds by cavitation based AOPs under basic pH conditions. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 45:257-266. [PMID: 29705320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cavitation has become on the most often applied methods in a number of industrial technologies. In the case of oxidation of organic pollutants occurring in the aqueous medium, cavitation forms the basis of numerous advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). This paper presents the results of investigations on the efficiency of oxidation of the following groups of organic compounds: organosulfur, nitro derivatives of benzene, BTEX, and phenol and its derivatives in a basic model effluent using hydrodynamic and acoustic cavitation combined with external oxidants, i.e., hydrogen peroxide, ozone and peroxone. The studies revealed that the combination of cavitation with additional oxidants allows 100% oxidation of the investigated model compounds. However, individual treatments differed with respect to the rate of degradation. Hydrodynamic cavitation aided by peroxone was found to be the most effective treatment (100% oxidation of all the investigated compounds in 60 min). When using hydrodynamic and acoustic cavitation alone, the effectiveness of oxidation was diversified. Under these conditions, nitro derivatives of benzene and phenol and its derivatives were found to be resistant to oxidation. In addition, hydrodynamic cavitation was found to be more effective in degradation of model compounds than acoustic cavitation. The results of investigations presented in this paper compare favorably with the investigations on degradation of organic contaminants using AOPs under conditions of basic pH published thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Gągol
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Przyjazny
- Kettering University, 1700 University Avenue, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Flint, MI 48504, USA
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Gdańsk, Poland.
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26
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Makoś P, Fernandes A, Przyjazny A, Boczkaj G. Sample preparation procedure using extraction and derivatization of carboxylic acids from aqueous samples by means of deep eutectic solvents for gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1555:10-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Makoś P, Fernandes A, Boczkaj G. Method for the simultaneous determination of monoaromatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in industrial effluents using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2360-2367. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Makoś
- Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Gdansk University of Technology; Gdansk Poland
| | - André Fernandes
- Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Gdansk University of Technology; Gdansk Poland
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Faculty of Chemistry; Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Gdansk University of Technology; Gdansk Poland
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28
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Boczkaj G, Gągol M, Klein M, Przyjazny A. Effective method of treatment of effluents from production of bitumens under basic pH conditions using hydrodynamic cavitation aided by external oxidants. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 40:969-979. [PMID: 28946509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of cavitation in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is a promising trend in research on treatment of industrial effluents. The paper presents the results of investigations on the use of hydrodynamic cavitation aided by additional oxidation processes (O3/H2O2/Peroxone) to reduce the total pollution load in the effluent from the production of bitumens. A detailed analysis of changes in content of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for all processes studied was also performed. The studies revealed that the most effective treatment process involves hydrodynamic cavitation aided by ozonation (40% COD reduction and 50% BOD reduction). The other processes investigated (hydrodynamic cavitation+H2O2, hydrodynamic cavitation+Peroxone and hydrodynamic cavitation alone) ensure reduction of COD by 20, 25 and 13% and reduction of BOD by 49, 32 and 18%, respectively. The results of this research revealed that most of the VOCs studied are effectively degraded. The formation of byproducts is one of the aspects that must be considered in evaluation of the AOPs studied. This work confirmed that furfural is one of the byproducts whose concentration increased during treatment by hydrodynamic cavitation alone as well as hydrodynamic cavitation aided by H2O2 as an external oxidant and it should be controlled during treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Michał Gągol
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdansk, Poland; Department of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marek Klein
- Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Przyjazny
- Kettering University, 1700 University Avenue, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Flint, MI 48504, USA
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29
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Makoś P, Fernandes A, Boczkaj G. Method for the determination of carboxylic acids in industrial effluents using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with injection port derivatization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1517:26-34. [PMID: 28855089 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents a new method for the determination of 15 carboxylic acids in samples of postoxidative effluents from the production of petroleum bitumens using ion-pair dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with injection port derivatization. Several parameters related to the extraction and derivatization efficiency were optimized. Under optimized experimental conditions, the obtained limit of detection and quantification ranged from 0.0069 to 1.12μg/mL and 0.014 to 2.24μg/mL, respectively. The precision (RSD ranged 1.29-6.42%) and recovery (69.43-125.79%) were satisfactory. Nine carboxylic acids at concentrations ranging from 0.10μg/mL to 15.06μg/mL were determined in the raw wastewater and in samples of effluents treated by various oxidation methods. The studies revealed a substantial increase of concentration of benzoic acids, in samples of wastewater after treatment, which confirms the need of carboxylic acids monitoring during industrial effluent treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Makoś
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, 80-233 Gdansk, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, Poland
| | - Andre Fernandes
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, 80-233 Gdansk, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, 80-233 Gdansk, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, Poland.
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30
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Boczkaj G, Makoś P, Fernandes A, Przyjazny A. New procedure for the examination of the degradation of volatile organonitrogen compounds during the treatment of industrial effluents. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1301-1309. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology; Gdansk Poland
| | - Patrycja Makoś
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology; Gdansk Poland
| | - Andre Fernandes
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology; Gdansk Poland
| | - Andrzej Przyjazny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Kettering University; Kettering Flint MI USA
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31
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Boczkaj G, Makoś P, Fernandes A, Przyjazny A. New procedure for the control of the treatment of industrial effluents to remove volatile organosulfur compounds. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3946-3956. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Chemical Faculty; Gdansk University of Technology; Poland
| | - Patrycja Makoś
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Chemical Faculty; Gdansk University of Technology; Poland
| | - André Fernandes
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Chemical Faculty; Gdansk University of Technology; Poland
| | - Andrzej Przyjazny
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry; Kettering University; Flint MI USA
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32
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Boczkaj G, Momotko M, Chruszczyk D, Przyjazny A, Kamiński M. Novel stationary phases based on asphaltenes for gas chromatography. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2527-36. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Chemical Faculty; Gdansk University of Technology; Gdansk Poland
| | - Malwina Momotko
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Chemical Faculty; Gdansk University of Technology; Gdansk Poland
| | - Dorota Chruszczyk
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Chemical Faculty; Gdansk University of Technology; Gdansk Poland
| | | | - Marian Kamiński
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Chemical Faculty; Gdansk University of Technology; Gdansk Poland
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33
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Boczkaj G, Makoś P, Przyjazny A. Application of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for the determination of oxygenated volatile organic compounds in effluents from the production of petroleum bitumen. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2604-15. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Chemical Faculty, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Gdansk University of Technology; Poland
| | - Patrycja Makoś
- Chemical Faculty, Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Gdansk University of Technology; Poland
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Investigation of volatile low molecular weight compounds formed during continuous reclaiming of ground tire rubber. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Boczkaj G, Przyjazny A, Kamiński M. Size-exclusion chromatography for the determination of the boiling point distribution of high-boiling petroleum fractions. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:741-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Chemical Faculty; Gdansk University of Technology; Gdansk Poland
| | | | - Marian Kamiński
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Chemical Faculty; Gdansk University of Technology; Gdansk Poland
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Cui P, Wu S, Li F, Xiao Y, Zhang H. Investigation on Using SBS and Active Carbon Filler to Reduce the VOC Emission from Bituminous Materials. MATERIALS 2014; 7:6130-6143. [PMID: 28788181 PMCID: PMC5456153 DOI: 10.3390/ma7096130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bituminous materials are playing a vital role in pavement design and the roofing industry because of outstanding properties. Unfortunately, bituminous materials will release volatile organic compounds (VOC), making them non-environmentally friendly. Therefore, technologies that can be used to decrease the VOC emission are urgently required. In this research, the VOC emission and material behaviors were analyzed and compared to investigate the possibility of adding styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) and active carbon filler into bituminous materials to develop environmentally-friendly materials. Thermal gravimetric analysis-mass spectrometry (TG-MS) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy testing (UV-Vis) were employed to characterize the VOC emission process. Temperature sweep testing and frequency sweep testing were conducted to evaluate the rheological properties of bituminous materials. Research results indicated that the combined introduction of 4 wt% styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) and 4 wt% active carbon filler cannot only significantly lower the VOC emission speed and amount, but also improve the deformation resistance behavior at a higher temperature. SBS and active carbon filler can be used to reduce the VOC emission form bituminous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shaopeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Fuzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Honghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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