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Nguyen HT, Yoshinouchi Y, Hirano M, Nomiyama K, Nakata H, Kim EY, Iwata H. In silico simulations and molecular descriptors to predict in vitro transactivation potencies of Baikal seal estrogen receptors by environmental contaminants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115495. [PMID: 37748367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Baikal seals (Pusa sibirica) are vulnerable to high levels of organic pollutants. Here, we evaluated the transactivation potencies of bisphenols (BPs) and hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) via the Baikal seal estrogen receptor α and β (bsERα and bsERβ) using in vitro and in silico approaches. In vitro reporter gene assays showed that most BPs and OH-PCBs exhibited estrogenic activity with bsER sub-type-specific potency. Among the BPs tested, bisphenol AF showed the lowest EC50 for both bsERs. 4'-OH-CB50 and 4'-OH-CB30 showed the lowest EC50 among OH-PCBs tested for bsERα and bsERβ, respectively. 4-((4-Isopropoxyphenyl)-sulfonyl)phenol, 4'-OH-CB72, and 4'-OH-CB121 showed weak bsERα-specific transactivation. Only 4-OH-CB107 did not affect both bsERs. In silico docking simulations revealed the binding affinities of these chemicals to bsERs and partially explained the in vitro results. Using the in silico simulations and molecular descriptors as explanatory variables and the in vitro results as objective variables, the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models constructed for classification and regression accurately separated bsER-active compounds from non-active compounds and predicted the in vitro bsERα- and bsERβ-transactivation potencies, respectively. The QSAR models also suggested that chemical polarity, van der Waals surface area, bridging atom structure, position of the phenolic-OH group, and ligand interactions with key residues of the ligand binding pocket are critical variables to account for the bsER transactivation potency of the test compounds. We also succeeded in constructing computational models for predicting in vitro transactivation potencies of mouse ERs in the same manner, demonstrating the applicability of our approach independent of species-specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Thanh Nguyen
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama 7908577, Japan
| | - Yuka Yoshinouchi
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama 7908577, Japan
| | - Masashi Hirano
- Department of Food and Life Science, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto 8612055, Japan
| | - Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama 7908577, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Nakata
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama 7908577, Japan.
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Zhao W, Cui N, Huang Y, Wang Z, Wang P, Liang H, Wang R, Su X. Development of an Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Animal-Derived Food. Molecules 2022; 27:7247. [PMID: 36364074 PMCID: PMC9656064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) are a group of metabolites biotransformed from polychlorinated biphenyls by animals with higher toxicities than their parent compounds. The present work developed and validated an analytical method for determinating penta-, hexa-, and hepta-chlorine substituted OH-PCBs in animal-derived food based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) with isotope-dilution. The target analytes were extracted with a 50% n-hexane/dichloromethane (v/v), purified by sulfuric acid-silica gel, and separated by 5% hydrated silica gel, achieving a final concentration of 100 times before injection to LC-MS/MS. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for target OH-PCBs were within the ranges of 0.003-0.010 μg/kg and 0.009-0.030 μg/kg, respectively. Average recoveries ranged between 76.7% and 116.5%, with relative standard deviations of less than 18.4%. The proposed method is simple, time-saving, sensitive, and accurate, making it a powerful tool for risk monitoring of OH-PCBs in animal-derived food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Na Cui
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haijun Liang
- CHINA FEED Magazine Agency, Beijing 100710, China
| | - Ruiguo Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoou Su
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Ngoubeyou PSK, Wolkersdorfer C, Ndibewu PP, Augustyn W. Toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls in aquatic environments - A review. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 251:106284. [PMID: 36087490 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their congeners resulting from the pollution of all environmental media is inherently related to its persistence and ubiquitous nature. In principle, determination of this class of contaminants are limited to the determination of their concentrations in the various environmental matrices. For solving many problems in this context, knowledge of the emission sources of PCBs, transport pathways, and sites of contamination and biomagnification is of great benefit to scientists and researchers, as well as many regulatory organizations. By far the largest amounts of PCBs, regardless of their discharged points, end up in the soil, sediment and finally in different aquatic environments. By reviewing relevant published materials, the source of origin of PCBs in the environment particularly from different pollution point sources, it is possible to obtain useful information on the nature of different materials that are sources of PCBs, or their concentrations and their toxicity or health effects and how they can be removed from contaminated media. This review focuses on the sources of PCBs in aquatic environments and critically reviews the toxicity of PCBs in aquatic animals and plants. The review also assesses the toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs) of PCBs providing valuable knowledge to other scientists and researchers that enables regulatory laws to be formulated based on selective determination of concentrations regarding their maximum permissible limits (MPLs) allowed. This review also supplies a pool of valuable information useful for designing decontamination technologies for PCBs in media like soil, sediment, and wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Wolkersdorfer
- Tshwane University of Technology, SARChI Chair for Mine Water Treatment, Department of Environmental, Water and Earth Sciences, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Peter Papoh Ndibewu
- Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Wilma Augustyn
- Tshwane University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Wang R, Zhao W, Cui N, Dong S, Su X, Liang H, Zhang N, Song Z, Tian F, Wang P. Comparative In Vitro and In Vivo Hydroxylation Metabolization of Polychlorinated Biphenyl 101 in Laying Hens: A Pilot Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:7279-7287. [PMID: 35649149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can be metabolized into hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs) that exhibit greater toxicity than their parent compounds. In particular, 2,2',4,5,5'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 101) is commonly found in chicken feeds and breeding environments, although information on the biotransformation of this PCB in chickens is lacking. In this study, the hydroxylation metabolization of PCB 101 was assessed based on in vitro trials with Sanhuang chicken liver microsomes and in vivo experiments with Hy-Line Brown hens. The para-substituted metabolite 4'-OH-PCB 101 is the predominant metabolite of PCB 101. 4'-OH-PCB 101 is preferentially retained in the chicken bloodstream and partly distributed into different tissues of laying hens. The blood-brain barrier can effectively prevent the OH-PCB from entering the brain, and the adipose tissue contains a relatively low residue concentration of the OH-PCB. The laying hen can deplete the OH-PCB via laying eggs and excrement. The ratio of 4'-OH-PCB 101/PCB 101 in egg yolk is about 1:2. These results first provide definite evidence for the previous hypothesis of the PCB 101 metabolism by chickens. They could assist in predicting the environmental fate of PCBs, and in the risk assessment of PCBs and OH-PCBs in chicken-based foodstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiguo Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Wenyu Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Na Cui
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Shujun Dong
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Xiaoou Su
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
| | - Haijun Liang
- CHINA FEED Magazine Agency, Beijing 100710, China
| | - Na Zhang
- National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Zhichao Song
- Henan Provincial Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Feifei Tian
- Shimadzu China Co., Ltd., Beijing 100020, China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 10081, China
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Vike-Jonas K, Gonzalez SV, Mortensen ÅK, Ciesielski TM, Farkas J, Venkatraman V, Pastukhov MV, Jenssen BM, Asimakopoulos AG. Rapid determination of thyroid hormones in blood plasma from Glaucous gulls and Baikal seals by HybridSPE®-LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1162:122447. [PMID: 33285510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A rapid hybrid solid phase extraction (HybridSPE®) protocol tailored to liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis, was developed for the determination of four thyroid hormones, L-Thyroxine (T4), 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyronine (rT3) and 3,3'-diiodo-L-thyronine (T2) in blood plasma from Glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus) and Baikal seals (Phoca sibirica). The use of target analyte specific 13C internal standards allowed quantification to be performed through the standard solvent calibration curves and alleviated the need to perform quantification with matrix match curves. The relative recoveries were 100.0-110.1 % for T4, 99.1-102.2 % for T3, 100.5-108.0 % for rT3, and 100.5-104.6 % for T2. The matrix effects ranged from -1.52 to -6.10 %, demonstrating minor signal suppression during analysis. The method intra-day precision (method repeatability, RSD %, N = 5, k = 1 day) and inter-day precision (method reproducibility, RSD %, N = 10, k = 2 days) at the 1 ng/mL concentration of fortification were 8.54-15.4 % and 15.4-24.8 %, respectively, indicating acceptable chromatographic peak stabilities for all target THs even at trace level concentrations. The method limit of detection (LOD) for T4, T3, rT3 and T2 was 0.17, 0.16, 0.30 and 0.17 ng/mL, respectively. The HybridSPE® protocol was simple and rapid (<1 min) upon application, while the HybridSPE® cartridge did not require (as in classical SPE cartridges) any additional equilibration nor conditioning step prior sample loading. A total of 46 blood plasma samples, 30 samples collected from Glaucous gulls and 16 samples collected from Baikal seals, were analyzed for thyroid hormones to demonstrate the applicability of the developed method in these wildlife species. The concentrations of T4 and T3 in blood plasma from the Glaucous gulls were 5.95-44.2 and 0.37-5.61 ng/mL, respectively, whereas those from Baikal seals were 3.57-46.5 and 0.45-2.07 ng/mL, respectively. In both species, rT3 demonstrated low detection rate, while T2 was not detected. Furthermore, cross-array comparison between the HybridSPE®-LC-MS/MS protocol and an established routine radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit-based method was performed for T4 and T3 concentrations from selected Baikal seal plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Vike-Jonas
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Susana Villa Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Åse-Karen Mortensen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tomasz Maciej Ciesielski
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julia Farkas
- Environment and New Resources, SINTEF Ocean, 7010 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vishwesh Venkatraman
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mikhail V Pastukhov
- Vinogradov Institute of Geochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Bjørn Munro Jenssen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Arctic Technology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), PO Box 156, NO-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Nomiyama K, Tsujisawa Y, Ashida E, Yachimori S, Eguchi A, Iwata H, Tanabe S. Mother to Fetus Transfer of Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners (OH-PCBs) in the Japanese Macaque ( Macaca fuscata): Extrapolation of Exposure Scenarios to Humans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11386-11395. [PMID: 32786554 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) exposure may disrupt fetal brain development during the critical period of thyroid hormone (TH) action. However, there are limited studies on the OH-PCB transfer to the fetal brain, particularly in primates. In this study, we selected the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) as a model animal for the fetal transfer of OH-PCBs in humans and revealed OH-PCB concentrations and their relationships in maternal and fetal blood, liver, and brain. l-thyroxine (T4)-like OH-PCBs including 4OH-CB187, a major congener in humans, were found in high proportions in the blood, liver, brain, and placenta of pregnant Japanese macaques. OH-PCBs were detected in the fetal brain and liver in the first trimester, indicating their transfer to the brain in the early pregnancy stage. 4OH-CB187 and 4OH-CB202 were the major congeners found in fetal brain, indicating that these T4-like OH-PCBs are transported from maternal blood to the fetal brain via the placenta. These results indicate that further studies are needed on the effects of OH-PCBs on the developing fetal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsujisawa
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
- Shimadzu Techno-Research, INC., 1, Nishinokyo-Shimoaicho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto 604-8436 Japan
| | - Emiko Ashida
- Shikoku Institute of Natural History, 470-1, Shimobun-otu, Susaki, Kochi 785-0023, Japan
| | - Syuji Yachimori
- The Yokogurayama Natural Forest Museum. Ochi, 737-12 Ochi-hei, Ochi-cho, Kochi 781-1303, Japan
| | - Akifumi Eguchi
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Inage-ku Yayoi-cho 1-33, Chiba 263-0022, Japan
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
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Yoshinouchi Y, Shimizu S, Lee JS, Hirano M, Suzuki KIT, Kim EY, Iwata H. In vitro assessment of effects of persistent organic pollutants on the transactivation of estrogen receptor α and β (ERα and ERβ) from the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 181:463-471. [PMID: 31228822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To assess the effect of exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on the estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathway in Baikal seals (Pusa sibirica), we investigated the molecular characterizations and functions of two Baikal seal ER (bsER) isoforms, bsERα and bsERβ. The bsERα and bsERβ cDNA clones isolated have an open reading frame of 595 and 530 amino acid residues, respectively. The tissue distribution analyses of bsER mRNAs showed that bsERα transcripts were primarily found in the ovary and uterus, and bsERβ in the muscle in wild Baikal seals. The immunofluorescence staining assay showed that 17β-estradiol (E2) treatment promoted the nuclear translocation of in vitro-expressed bsERα. Transient transfection of bsERα in U2OS cells enhanced the transcription of pS2, an ER target gene of E2. We then measured bsER-mediated transactivation potencies of POPs in an in vitro reporter gene assay system, in which a bsERα or bsERβ expression vector was transfected into COS-1 cells. For comparison, transactivation potencies of POPs on mouse ERs (mERα and mERβ) were also evaluated in the same manner. Results showed significant dose-dependent responses of bsERs and mERs when treated with p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE). bsERs and mERs showed no response when exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Comparison of the dose-response curves of DDTs across species (bsERs vs. mERs) showed that bsERα had a response similar to mERα, but bsERβ was less sensitive than mERβ. Comparing the lowest observable effective concentrations of p,p'-DDT (2.8 μM) and p,p'-DDE (10 μM) for in vitro bsERα-mediated transactivation with their hepatic concentrations in wild Baikal seals indicated that some individuals accumulated these compounds at levels comparable to the effective concentrations, suggesting the potential disruption of the bsERα signaling pathway in the wild population by these compounds. Co-transfection experiments with bsER and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) suggested that high accumulation of estrogenic compounds exerts a synergistic effect with dioxin-like congeners on ER signaling through AHR activation in the wild seal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Yoshinouchi
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Sachiko Shimizu
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Jin-Seon Lee
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masashi Hirano
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi T Suzuki
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan.
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Ren XM, Li CH, Zhang JQ, Guo LH. Binding and activity of sulfated metabolites of lower-chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls towards thyroid hormone receptor alpha. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:686-692. [PMID: 31146155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been long-standing evidence that the lower-chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls (LC-PCBs) can be metabolized to hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs), which play important roles in the LC-PCBs induced toxicity. Recently, multiple studies have demonstrated the further metabolic transformation of OH-PCBs to LC-PCB sulfates in vitro and in vivo. Several studies found LC-PCB sulfates could bind with thyroid hormone (TH) transport proteins in the serum, indicating the potential relevance of these metabolites in the TH system disruption effects. However, the interaction of LC-PCB sulfates with the TH nuclear receptor (TR), another kind of important functional protein in the TH system, has not been explored. Here, by using a fluorescence competitive binding assay, we demonstrated that LC-PCB sulfates could bind with TRα. Moreover, the LC-PCB sulfates had higher binding potency than their corresponding OH-PCB precursors. By using a luciferase reporter gene assay, we found the LC-PCB sulfates showed agonistic activity towards the TRα signaling pathway. Molecular docking simulation showed all the tested LC-PCB sulfates could fit into the ligand binding pocket of the TRα. The LC-PCB sulfates formed hydrogen bond interaction with arginine 228 residue of TRα by their sulfate groups, which might facilitate the TR binding and agonistic activity. The present study suggests that interaction with the TR might be another possible mechanism by which LC-PCB sulfate induce TH system disruption effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Chuan-Hai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, PR China
| | - Jian-Qing Zhang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.8 Longyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, PR China.
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Zheng Y, Cai D, Huang B, Han J, Chen Q, Zhang J, Zhang J, Wang X, Shen H. Simultaneous detection of multiple hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls from biological samples using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:760-768. [PMID: 30481391 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We established a method for the separation and detection of nine hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls in whole blood and urine samples using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray negative ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Clean-up procedures involved a filtration step, and optimization involved a pretreatment step consisting of a simple liquid-liquid extraction using hydrated silica-gel chromatography (5%). Nine hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls were separated on an ultra high performance liquid chromatography HSS T3 column using a gradient elution program of 2 mmol ammonium formate aqueous solution (A) and methanol (B). Recovery ranged from 84.0 to 105.4% for the nine different hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls in urine with three spiked levels of 0.1, 1, and 2 ng and from 73.5 to 98.6% for the blood with spiked levels of 0.2, 1, and 2 ng. The relative standard deviations were <8.7% (n = 6), and the limits of detection in urine and whole blood for the nine hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls were in the range of 1.5-4 and 20-100 pg/g, respectively. This analytical method may enable the simultaneous detection of various hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls from complex tissue matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Delei Cai
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Baifen Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianlong Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qing Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jingshun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P. R. China
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10
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Determination of free thyroid hormones in animal serum/plasma using ultrafiltration in combination with ultra-fast liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1539:30-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kezios K, Gu Y, Liu X, Cirillo P, Tarrant D, Petreas M, Park JS, Cohn B, Factor-Litvak P. Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites (OH-PCBs), maternal smoking and size at birth. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 71:166-175. [PMID: 28314564 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In a sample of 442 births from the Child Health and Development Studies cohort, we examined associations between maternal prenatal exposure to hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites (OH-PCBs) and pregnancy outcomes, and whether associations were mediated by maternal thyroid hormone levels and/or modified by maternal smoking. Compared to nonsmokers, smokers had twice the mean concentration of 4-OH-CB107 (p<0.001) and lower levels of its parent compound, PCB118 (p=0.001). Among mothers who smoked, the birth weight of newborns with maternal concentrations of 4-OH-CB107 in the upper quartile was 316g lighter (95% confidence interval (CI) 566, 65) compared to those with maternal concentrations in the lowest quartile, after control for PCB118 and other potential confounders. This association was not observed for non-smoking mothers and was not mediated by maternal thyroid hormone levels. Maternal prenatal 4-OH-CB107 levels appear to be influenced by maternal smoking and contribute to lower birth weight among smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Kezios
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yiwei Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Piera Cirillo
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
| | - Darcy Tarrant
- Department of Toxic Substances Control California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Myrto Petreas
- Department of Toxic Substances Control California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Jun-Soo Park
- Department of Toxic Substances Control California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Barbara Cohn
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
| | - Pam Factor-Litvak
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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12
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Detection of methoxylated and hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls in sewage sludge in China with evidence for their microbial transformation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29782. [PMID: 27417462 PMCID: PMC4945941 DOI: 10.1038/srep29782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentrations of methoxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (MeO-PCBs) and hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) were measured in the sewage sludge samples collected from twelve wastewater treatment plants in China. Two MeO-PCB congeners, including 3′-MeO-CB-65 and 4′-MeO-CB-101, were detected in three sludge with mean concentrations of 0.58 and 0.52 ng/g dry weight, respectively. OH-PCBs were detected in eight sludge samples, with an average total concentration of 4.2 ng/g dry weight. Furthermore, laboratory exposure was conducted to determine the possible source of OH-PCBs and MeO-PCBs in the sewage sludge, and their metabolism by the microbes. Both 4′-OH-CB-101 and 4′-MeO-CB-101 were detected as metabolites of CB-101 at a limited conversion rate after 5 days. Importantly, microbial interconversion between OH-PCBs and MeO-PCBs was observed in sewage sludge. Demethylation of MeO-PCBs was favored over methylation of OH-PCBs. The abundant and diverse microbes in sludge play a key role in the transformation processes of the PCB analogues. To our knowledge, this is the first report on MeO-PCBs in environmental matrices and on OH-PCBs in sewage sludge. The findings are important to understand the environmental fate of PCBs.
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13
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Mise S, Haga Y, Itoh T, Kato A, Fukuda I, Goto E, Yamamoto K, Yabu M, Matsumura C, Nakano T, Sakaki T, Inui H. From the Cover: Structural Determinants of the Position of 2,3′,4,4′,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (CB118) Hydroxylation by Mammalian Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases. Toxicol Sci 2016; 152:340-8. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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14
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Nomiyama K, Hirakawa S, Eguchi A, Kanbara C, Imaeda D, Yoo J, Kunisue T, Kim EY, Iwata H, Tanabe S. Toxicological assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls and their metabolites in the liver of Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:13530-13539. [PMID: 25343573 DOI: 10.1021/es5043386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that high accumulation of dioxins and related compounds induced cytochrome P450 (CYP 1s) isozymes in the liver of wild Baikal seals, implying the enhanced hydroxylation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The present study attempted to elucidate the residue concentrations and patterns of PCBs and hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs) in the livers of Baikal seals. The hepatic residue concentrations were used to assess the potential effects of PCBs and OH-PCBs in combination with the analyses of serum thyroid hormones, hepatic mRNA levels, and biochemical markers. The hepatic expression levels of CYP1 genes were positively correlated with the concentration of each OH-PCB congener. This suggests chronic induction of these CYP1 isozymes by exposure to PCBs and hydroxylation of PCBs induced by CYP 1s. Hepatic mRNA expression monitoring using a custom microarray showed that chronic exposure to PCBs and their metabolites alters the gene expression levels related to oxidative stress, iron ion homeostasis, and inflammatory responses. In addition, the concentrations of OH-PCBs were negatively correlated with L-thyroxine (T4) levels and the ratios of 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3)/reverse 3,3',5'-triiodo-L-thyroninee (rT3). These observations imply that Baikal seals contaminated with high levels of OH-PCBs may undergo the disruption of mechanisms related to the formation (or metabolism) of T3 and T4 in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University , Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
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15
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Zhai G, Gutowski SM, Lehmler HJ, Schnoor J. Enantioselective transport and biotransformation of chiral hydroxylated metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls in whole poplar plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:12213-20. [PMID: 25238141 PMCID: PMC4207536 DOI: 10.1021/es503443e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) have been found to be ubiquitous in the environment due to the oxidative metabolism of their parent PCBs. With more polarity, OH-PCBs may be more toxic and mobile than their parent compounds. However, the behavior and fate of OH-PCBs have been neglected in the environment because they are not the original contaminants. Some of these hydroxylated metabolites are chiral, and chiral compounds can be used to probe biological metabolic processes. Therefore, chiral OH-PCBs were selected to study their uptake, translocation, transformation, and enantioselectivity in plants in this work. Poplars (Populus deltoides × nigra, DN34), a model plant with complete genomic sequence, were hydroponically exposed to 5-hydroxy-2,2',3,4',6-pentachlorobiphenyl (5-OH-PCB91) and 5-hydroxy-2,2',3,5',6-pentachlorobiphenyl (5-OH-PCB95) for 10 days. Chiral 5-OH-PCB91 and 5-OH-PCB95 were clearly shown to be sorbed, taken up, and translocated in whole poplars, and they were detected in various tissues of whole poplars. However, the enantioselectivity of poplar for 5-OH-PCB91 and 5-OH-PCB95 proved to be quite different. The second-eluting enantiomer of OH-PCB95, separated on a chiral column (Phenomenex Lux Cellulose-1), was enantioselectively removed in whole poplar. Enantiomeric fractions in the middle xylem, top bark, top xylem, and stem, reached 0.803 ± 0.022, 0.643 ± 0.110, 0.835 ± 0.087, and 0.830 ± 0.029, respectively. Therefore, 5-OH-PCB95 was significantly enantioselectively biotransformed inside poplar tissues, in contrast to nearly racemic mixtures of 5-OH-PCB95 remaining in hydroponic solutions. Unlike 5-OH-PCB95, 5-OH-PCB91 remained nearly racemic in most tissues of whole poplars during 10 day exposure, suggesting the enantiomers of 5-OH-PCB91 were equally transported and metabolized in whole poplars. This is the first evidence of enantioselectivity of chiral OH-PCBs and suggests that poplars can enantioselectively biotransform at least one chiral OH-PCB: namely, 5-OH-PCB95.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshu Zhai
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering and IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Phone: +1 319 335 5647; fax: 319 335 5660; e-mail:
| | - Sarah M. Gutowski
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering and IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Hans-Joachim Lehmler
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jerald
L. Schnoor
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering and IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Department
of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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