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Chen F, Qian Y, Cheng H, Shen J, Qin Y, Li YY. Recent developments in anammox-based membrane bioreactors: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159539. [PMID: 36265633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The anammox-based process has been considered a promising biological nitrogen elimination method for the treatment of nitrogen-rich wastewater ever since its discovery 40 years ago. However, the slow growth rate of anammox bacteria and severe sludge washout result in a long startup period and limit its widespread industrial application. A membrane bioreactor (MBR) is considered an ideal reactor for the operation of the anammox-based process because the membranes allow for 100 % biomass retention. According to a systematic review of the literature, anammox-based MBR is becoming a research hotspot in the field of nitrogen wastewater treatment. The fundamental understanding of anammox-based MBR and its membrane fouling situation is essential for the development and application of anammox-based MBR. In this paper, the application of MBR in different kinds of anammox process are reviewed. The membrane fouling mechanism and strategies to control membrane fouling are also proposed. It is expected that this review will serve as an invaluable guide for future research and in the engineering applications of anammox-based MBR process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Chen
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yunzhi Qian
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hui Cheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 333 Nanchen Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junhao Shen
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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2
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Ni L, Shi Q, Wu M, Ma J, Wang Y. Fouling behavior and mechanism of hydrophilic modified membrane in anammox membrane bioreactor: Role of gel layer. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zhang K, Wang Z, Sun M, Liang D, Hou L, Zhang J, Wang X, Li J. Optimization of nitrogen and carbon removal with simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification in membrane bioreactor. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200584. [PMID: 33047023 PMCID: PMC7540762 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a membrane bioreactor (MBR) was used to achieve both nitrogen and carbon removal by a simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process. During the entire experiment, the intermittent aeration (non-aerobic time : aeration time, min min-1) cycle was controlled by a time-controlled switch, and the aeration rate was controlled by a gas flowmeter, and the optimal operating parameters as determined by response surface methodology (RSM) were a C/N value of 1.16, a DO value of 0.84 mg l-1 and an aerobic time (T ae) of 15.75 min. Under these conditions, the SNAD process achieved efficient and stable nitrogen and carbon removal; the total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency and chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency were 92.31% and 95.67%, respectively. With the formation of granular sludge, the membrane fouling rate decreased significantly from 35.0 Pa h-1 at SNAD start-up to 19.9 Pa h-1 during stable operation. Fluorescence in situ hybrid analyses confirmed the structural characteristics and the relative ratio of aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in the SNAD system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Urban Sewage Advanced Treatment and Resource Utilization Technology, The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhao Wang
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory of Urban Sewage Advanced Treatment and Resource Utilization Technology, The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Urban Sewage Advanced Treatment and Resource Utilization Technology, The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangang Hou
- College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Urban Sewage Advanced Treatment and Resource Utilization Technology, The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujie Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Urban Sewage Advanced Treatment and Resource Utilization Technology, The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Urban Sewage Advanced Treatment and Resource Utilization Technology, The College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
- Author for correspondence: Jun Li e-mail:
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Guo Y, Chen Y, Webeck E, Li YY. Towards more efficient nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery from digestion effluent: Latest developments in the anammox-based process from the application perspective. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 299:122560. [PMID: 31882199 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past forty years, anammox-based processes have been extensively researched and applied to some extent. However, some of the long-standing problems present serious impediments to wide application of these processes, and knowledge gap between lab-scale research and full-scale operations is still considerable. In recent years, anammox-based research has developed rapidly and some emerging concepts have been proposed. The focus of this review is on the critical problems facing actual application of anammox processes. The latest developments in anammox-based processes are summarized, and particular consideration is given to the following aspects: (1) the evolution of the chemical stoichiometry of anammox reaction; (2) the status of several main anammox-based processes; (3) the critical problems and countermeasures; (4) the emerging anammox-based processes; and (5) the suggested optimal process integrating partial nitritation, anammox, hydroxyapatite crystallization and denitratation for digestion effluent treatment towards more efficient nitrogen removal and phosphorus recovery in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Elizabeth Webeck
- Department of Metallurgy, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980 8579, Japan.
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Nsenga Kumwimba M, Lotti T, Şenel E, Li X, Suanon F. Anammox-based processes: How far have we come and what work remains? A review by bibliometric analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124627. [PMID: 31548173 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen contamination remains a severe environmental problem and a major threat to sustainable development worldwide. A systematic analysis of the literature indicates that the partial nitritation-anammox (PN/AMX) process is still actively studied as a viable option for energy-efficient and feasible technology for the sustainable treatment of N- rich wastewaters, since its initial discovery in 1990. Notably, the mainstream PN/AMX process application remains the most challenging bottleneck in AMX technology and fascinates the world's attention in AMX studies. This paper discusses the recent trends and developments of PN/AMX research and analyzes the results of recent years of research on the PN/AMX from lab-to full-scale applications. The findings would deeply improve our understanding of the major challenges under mainstream conditions and next-stage research on the PN/AMX process. A great deal of efforts has been made in the process engineering, PN/AMX bacteria populations, predictive modeling, and the full-scale implementations during the past 22 years. A series of new and excellent experimental findings at lab, pilot and full-scale levels including good nitrogen removal performance even under low temperature (15-10 °C) around the world were achieved. To date, pilot- and full-scale PN/AMX have been successfully used to treat different types of industrial sewage, including black wastewater, sludge digester liquids, landfill leachate, monosodium glutamate wastewater, etc. Supplementing the qualitative analysis, this review also provides a quantitative bibliometrics study and evaluates global perspectives on PN/AMX research published during the past 22 years. Finally, general trends in the development of PN/AMX research are summarized with the aim of conveying potential future trajectories. The current review offers a valuable orientation and global overview for scientists, engineers, readers and decision makers presently focusing on PN/AMX processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Nsenga Kumwimba
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Lubumbashi, Congo
| | - Tommaso Lotti
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Florence, Via di Santa Marta 3, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Engin Şenel
- Hitit University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Xuyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Fidèle Suanon
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
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Cho S, Jung M, Ju D, Lee YH, Cho K, Okabe S. Anammox biomass carrying efficiency of polyethylene non-woven sheets as a carrier material. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:2503-2510. [PMID: 28720070 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1357760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To access the effects of the surface modification and fabric structure of polyethylene (PE) non-woven fabric sheets on retaining the attachment efficiency of anammox biomass, three different non-woven sheets were prepared and inserted in an anammox reactor. The hydrophobic surface modification with 10% KMnO4 and gelatin did not improve the attachment efficiency of the anammox biomass on the surface of the PE non-woven fibers. Densely packed PE-755 having the highest specific surface area to volume ratio (SA/V) (755) retained 221.4 mg biomass per unit sheet, whereas PE-181 having the lowest SA/V (181) retained only 66.4 mg biomass per unit. Accordingly, the volumetric anammox activity of non-woven sheet PE-755 was the highest among the three PE non-woven sheets because of the strong positive relationship between the specific anammox activity and biomass amount (R = 0.835, P < .01). The specific surface area to volume ratio (cm2 cm-3) as well as the bulk density should be considered as important parameters for the selection of non-woven biocarriers for anammox biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunja Cho
- a Department of Microbiology , Pusan National University , Busan , Korea
| | | | | | - Young-Hee Lee
- c Department of Organic Material Science and Engineering , Pusan National University , Busan , Korea
| | - Kuk Cho
- d Department of Environmental Engineering , Pusan National University , Busan , Korea
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- e Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Hokkaido University , Hokkaido , Japan
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Saleem M, Lavagnolo MC, Concheri G, Stevanato P, Squartini A, Spagni A. Application of anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor (AnDMBR) for the successful enrichment of Anammox bacteria using mixed anaerobic and aerobic seed sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 266:532-540. [PMID: 30007193 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated a novel bioreactor configuration coupled with a side-stream dynamic membrane (DM) for Anammox enrichment as an alternative for conventional membrane. Bioreactor was fed with synthetic feed and seeded with a mix of anaerobic and aerobic sludge. In situ mechanical cleaning was employed for DM cleaning. DM development and performance was analysed over two polyamide-nylon meshes (200 and 52 µm). Solid-liquid separation of 52 µm mesh outperformed 200 µm with an average effluent turbidity of 2.4 ± 0.1 NTU. The system was operated at a maximum nitrogen loading rate of 696 mg-N L-1 d-1 and achieved a maximum nitrogen removal rate of 611.6 mg-N L-1 d-1. At steady state, the average ammonium, nitrite and total nitrogen removal efficiencies were 87 ± 0.6%, 98.5 ± 0.15% and 87.5 ± 0.56% respectively. Digital realtime PCRSequence analysis showed that Planctomycetales belonging to ascertained Anammox-specific genera progressively increased their presence in the reactor consistently with its nitrogen removal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubbshir Saleem
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Lavagnolo
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Concheri
- Department of Agronomy, Animals, Food, Natural Resources and Environment DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 15, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Stevanato
- Department of Agronomy, Animals, Food, Natural Resources and Environment DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 15, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Andrea Squartini
- Department of Agronomy, Animals, Food, Natural Resources and Environment DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 15, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Alessandro Spagni
- Laboratory of Technologies for Waste, Wastewater and Raw Materials Management, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), via M.M. Sole 4, 40129 Bologna, Italy
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Zhao C, Wang G, Xu X, Yang Y, Yang F. Long-term operation of oxygen-limiting membrane bioreactor (MBR) for the development of simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:2193-2202. [PMID: 28681669 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1352035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an oxygen-limiting membrane bioreactor (MBR) with recirculation of biogas for relieving membrane fouling was successfully operated to realize the simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process. The MBR operation was considered effective in the long-term test with total nitrogen (TN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies of 94.86% and 98.91%, respectively. Membrane fouling was significantly alleviated due to the recirculation of biogas and the membrane had been cleaned four times with a normal filtration period of 52 days. The co-existence of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), anammox and denitrifying bacteria in MBR was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence in situ hybridizations (FISH) analysis. Furthermore, AOB were found close to the granule surface, while denitrifying bacteria and anammox were in the deeper layer of granules. Potential in excellent TN and COD removal, operational stability and sustainability, as well as in alleviating membrane fouling is expected by using this oxygen-limiting MBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Zhao
- a Key Lab of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment, Ministry of Education , Shenyang University , Shenyang , People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- b Key Lab of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Xu
- b Key Lab of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuesuo Yang
- a Key Lab of Eco-restoration of Regional Contaminated Environment, Ministry of Education , Shenyang University , Shenyang , People's Republic of China
| | - Fenglin Yang
- b Key Lab of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian , People's Republic of China
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Sun S, Song Y, Yang XJ, Hu H, Wu S, Qi WK, Li YY. Strategies for improving nitrogen removal under high sludge loading rate in an anammox membrane bioreactor operated at 25 °C. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Chaiprapat S, Thongsai A, Charnnok B, Khongnakorn W, Bae J. Influences of liquid, solid, and gas media circulation in anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) as a post treatment alternative of aerobic system in seafood industry. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Niu Q, He S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yang M, Li YY. Bio-kinetics evaluation and batch modeling of the anammox mixed culture in UASB and EGSB reactors: batch performance comparison and kinetic model assessment. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14648h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To predict the process performance and evaluate the MSAA of anammox biomass, a number of kinetic models were conducted both for UASB-anammox biomass and EGSB-anammox. All of the kinetics simulation resluts were compared to assess the kinetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigui Niu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Shilong He
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
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Gouveia J, Plaza F, Garralon G, Fdz-Polanco F, Peña M. A novel configuration for an anaerobic submerged membrane bioreactor (AnSMBR). Long-term treatment of municipal wastewater under psychrophilic conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 198:510-519. [PMID: 26432055 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel design for a pilot scale anaerobic submerged membrane bioreactor (AnSMBR) equipped with an ultrafiltration unit, treating municipal wastewater at 18 ± 2°C, and inoculated with a mesophilic inoculum without acclimation, was implemented and evaluated over 3 years of stable operation. The AnSMBR operated with a volumetric loading rate between 1.6 to 2.0 kg COD/m(3)UASBd, 12.8 to 14.2h hydraulic retention time, and reached a tCOD removal efficiency of around 90%. Biosolid production was between 0.05 and 0.083 g VS/g CODremoved. Dissolved methane oversaturation in the effluent was observed, reaching average values of 19.1 ± 0.84 mg CH4/L. The permeate flow rate ranged from 10 to 14L/m(2)h with trans-membrane pressure (TMP) values of 400-550 mbar, using cycles of 30s backwash, 7.5 min filtration, and continuous biogas sparging (9-16 m/h). During the three years of continuous operation, the membrane was not physically or chemically cleaned.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gouveia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - F Plaza
- CADAGUA, Gran Via 45, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - F Fdz-Polanco
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - M Peña
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, School of Industrial Engineering, Dr. Mergelina s/n, 47011, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
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Yin X, Qiao S, Zhou J, Quan X. Using three-bio-electrode reactor to enhance the activity of anammox biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 196:376-382. [PMID: 26255601 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This research was designed to investigate the effects of different electric potentials (EPs) on the anammox biomass activity in a three-electrode reactor. Electric potential difference (EPD) of 0.08V between the working and reference electrodes showed the best nitrogen removal performance. Under the optimal EPD of 0.08V, the nitrogen removal rate of reactor 2 (R2, EP applied) reached 911g-N/m(3)/d on day 188, which was 25.3% higher than that of reactor 1 (R1, the control). Moreover, the scanning electron microscope observation and extracellular polymeric substance analysis proved that EP application was conducive to the anammox cells growing onto the surface of electrode. Additionally, it was demonstrated that long-term EP application increased the crude enzymes activities and the cell quantities of the bio-electrode anammox reactor. Besides, transmission electron microscope observation proved the morphological variation of anammox biomass with continuous EP application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Sen Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China.
| | - Jiti Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
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