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Ye W, Yan J, Yan J, Lin JG, Ji Q, Li Z, Ganjidoust H, Huang L, Li M, Zhang H. Potential electron acceptors for ammonium oxidation in wastewater treatment system under anoxic condition: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118984. [PMID: 38670211 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation has been considered as an environmental-friendly and energy-efficient biological nitrogen removal (BNR) technology. Recently, new reaction pathway for ammonium oxidation under anaerobic condition had been discovered. In addition to nitrite, iron trivalent, sulfate, manganese and electrons from electrode might be potential electron acceptors for ammonium oxidation, which can be coupled to traditional BNR process for wastewater treatment. In this paper, the pathway and mechanism for ammonium oxidation with various electron acceptors under anaerobic condition is studied comprehensively, and the research progress of potentially functional microbes is summarized. The potential application of various electron acceptors for ammonium oxidation in wastewater is addressed, and the N2O emission during nitrogen removal is also discussed, which was important greenhouse gas for global climate change. The problems remained unclear for ammonium oxidation by multi-electron acceptors and potential interactions are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jih-Gaw Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu City, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Qixing Ji
- The Earth, Ocean and atmospheric sciences thrust (EOAS), Hong Gong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), 511442, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilei Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hossein Ganjidoust
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modarres University, 14115-397, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongguo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, 510006, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Bachmann M, Parsons M, Klaus S, Kurt H, Chandran K, Stockard D, Wells G, De Clippeleir H, Bott C. Comparing methanol and glycerol as carbon sources for mainstream partial denitrification/anammox in an IFAS process. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e11017. [PMID: 38565318 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the implementation of mainstream partial denitrification with anammox (PdNA) in the second anoxic zone of a wastewater treatment process in an integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) configuration. A pilot study was conducted to compare the use of methanol and glycerol as external carbon sources for an IFAS PdNA startup, with a goal to optimize nitrogen removal while minimizing carbon usage. The study also investigated the establishment of anammox bacteria on virgin carriers in IFAS reactors without the use of seeding, and it is the first IFAS PdNA startup to use methanol as an external carbon source. The establishment of anammox bacteria was confirmed in both reactors 102 days after startup. Although the glycerol-fed reactor achieved a higher steady-state maximum ammonia removal rate because of anammox bacteria (1.6 ± 0.3 g/m2/day) in comparison with the methanol-fed reactor (1.2 ± 0.2 g/m2/day), both the glycerol- and methanol-fed reactors achieved similar average in situ ammonia removal rates of 0.39 ± 0.2 g/m2/day and 0.40 ± 0.2 g/m2/day, respectively. Additionally, when the upstream ammonia versus NOx (AvN) control system maintained an ideal ratio of 0.40-0.50 g/g, the methanol-fed reactor attained a lower average effluent TIN concentration (3.50 ± 1.2 mg/L) than the glycerol-fed reactor (4.43 ± 1.6 mg/L), which was prone to elevated nitrite concentrations in the effluent. Overall, this research highlights the potential for PdNA in IFAS configurations as an efficient and cost-saving method for wastewater treatment, with methanol as a viable carbon source for the establishment of anammox bacteria. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Methanol is an effective external carbon source for an anammox startup that avoids the need for costly alternative carbon sources. The methanol-fed reactor demonstrated higher TIN removal compared with the glycerol-fed reactor because of less overproduction of nitrite. Anammox bacteria was established in an IFAS reactor without seeding and used internally stored carbon to reduce external carbon addition. Controlling the influent ammonia versus NOx (AvN) ratio between 0.40 and 0.50 g/g allowed for low and stable TIN effluent conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Bachmann
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Mike Parsons
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA
| | - Stephanie Klaus
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA
| | - Halil Kurt
- Department of Medical Biology, Hamidiye International Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Stockard
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - George Wells
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA
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3
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Zhang M, Jiao T, Chen S, Zhou W. A review of microbial nitrogen transformations and microbiome engineering for biological nitrogen removal under salinity stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:139949. [PMID: 37648161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The osmotic stress caused by salinity exerts severe inhibition on the process of biological nitrogen removal (BNR), leading to the deterioration of biosystems and the discharge of nitrogen with saline wastewater. Feasible strategies to solve the bottleneck in saline wastewater treatment have attracted great attention, but relevant studies to improve nitrogen transformations and enhance the salt-tolerance of biosystems in terms of microbiome engineering have not been systematically reviewed and discussed. This work attempted to provide a more comprehensive explanation of both BNR and microbiome engineering approaches for saline wastewater treatment. The effect of salinity on conventional BNR pathways, nitrification-denitrification and anammox, was summarized at cellular and metabolic levels, including the nitrogen metabolic pathways, the functional microorganisms, and the inhibition threshold of salinity. Promising nitrogen transformations, such as heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification, ammonium assimilation and the coupling of conventional pathways, were introduced and compared based on advantages and challenges in detail. Strategies to improve the salt tolerance of biosystems were proposed and evaluated from the perspective of microbiome engineering. Finally, prospects of future investigation and applications on halophilic microbiomes in saline wastewater treatment were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, 250061 Jinan, China; Laboratory of Water-Sediment Regulation and Eco-decontamination, 250061, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Jiao
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, 250061 Jinan, China; Laboratory of Water-Sediment Regulation and Eco-decontamination, 250061, Jinan, China
| | - Shigeng Chen
- Shandong Nongda Fertilizer Sci.&Tech. Co., Ltd., Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - Weizhi Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, 250061 Jinan, China; Laboratory of Water-Sediment Regulation and Eco-decontamination, 250061, Jinan, China.
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4
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Huang S, Fu Y, Zhang H, Wang C, Zou C, Lu X. Research progress of novel bio-denitrification technology in deep wastewater treatment. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1284369. [PMID: 37860138 PMCID: PMC10582329 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1284369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive nitrogen emissions are a major contributor to water pollution, posing a threat not only to the environment but also to human health. Therefore, achieving deep denitrification of wastewater is of significant importance. Traditional biological denitrification methods have some drawbacks, including long processing times, substantial land requirements, high energy consumption, and high investment and operational costs. In contrast, the novel bio-denitrification technology reduces the traditional processing time and lowers operational and maintenance costs while improving denitrification efficiency. This technology falls within the category of environmentally friendly, low-energy deep denitrification methods. This paper introduces several innovative bio-denitrification technologies and their combinations, conducts a comparative analysis of their denitrification efficiency across various wastewater types, and concludes by outlining the future prospects for the development of these novel bio-denitrification technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiuguo Lu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang, China
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5
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Wang T, Chen M, Zhu J, Li N, Wang X. Anodic ammonium oxidation in microbial electrolysis cell: Towards nitrogen removal in low C/N environment. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120276. [PMID: 37392506 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological nitrogen removal in low C/N environment is challenging in wastewater treatment for a long time. Autotrophic ammonium oxidation is promising due to the no need of carbon source addition, but alternative electron acceptors other than oxygen has to be widely investigated. Recently, microbial electrolysis cell (MEC), which applies a polarized inert electrode as the electron harvester, has been proved effective to oxidize ammonium with electroactive biofilm. That is, anodic microbes stimulated by exogenous low power can extract electron from ammonium and transfer electron to electrodes. This review aims to consolidate the recent advances in anodic ammonium oxidation in MEC. Various technologies based on different functional microbes and mechanisms of these processes are reviewed. Thereafter, the crucial factors influencing the ammonium oxidation technology are discussed. Challenges and prospects of anodic ammonium oxidation in ammonium-containing wastewater treatment are also proposed to provide valuable insights on the technologic reference and potential value of MEC in ammonium-containing wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Mei Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Jiaxuan Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, No. 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China.
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6
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Wang X, Yang H, Liu X, Wang J. Formation mechanisms and assembly patterns of anammox biofilm induced by carrier type: Novel insights based on low-strength wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127863. [PMID: 36055541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The morphological structure, properties, microbial community and function of anammox biofilms induced by large-pore carriers (Bls), small-pore carriers, filament carriers and non-carriers (Bn) in low-strength wastewater were comprehensively studied. The carriers promoted biomass accumulation and agglomeration, with Bls demonstrating the highest biomass proportion of 0.76, the highest specific anammox activity (0.41 kgN/(kgVSS·d)-1) and the largest aggregates. Hydraulic shearing stimulated Bn to secrete most extracellular polymeric substances and capture more inorganic ions for enhanced strength. Metagenomic sequencing showed that the four biofilms shared a common core flora, but differed in cross-metabolism. The proportion of the functional bacterium Candidatus Brocadia was highest in Bls, while the increase in heterotrophic bacteria in Bn supported stronger metabolic capacity. Finally, the proposed anisotropic or isotropic carrier structure was identified as the key to generating "uniform development" and "central development" models. This study is helpful for understanding the anammox aggregation mechanism and carrier optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoTong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environmental Recovery Engineering, College of Architectural Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environmental Recovery Engineering, College of Architectural Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - XuYan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environmental Recovery Engineering, College of Architectural Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - JiaWei Wang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Architecture, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
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7
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Zhang L, Jiang L, Zhang J, Li J, Peng Y. Enhancing nitrogen removal through directly integrating anammox into mainstream wastewater treatment: Advantageous, issues and future study. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127827. [PMID: 36029988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has great potential to be applied to the process of nitrogen removal from mainstream wastewater. However, directly applying complete anammox to the mainstream is typically hindered by low temperatures, a low ammonia concentration, and high organic matter concentrations. Directly integrating anammox into mainstream treatment by enhancing the in-situ enrichment of anammox bacteria in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) could effectively improve the nitrogen removal efficiency and reduce the treatment cost. A certain anammox bacteria abundance in full-scale WWTPs provides the feasibility of directly integrating anammox into mainstream treatment and realizing partial mainstream anammox. The technical development status of partial anammox and the mechanisms of achieving partial mainstream anammox by aeration and organic control are summarized. This review provides an enhanced understanding of this novel technical route of partial mainstream anammox treatment for improving the quality, performance, and prospects for this technology to be used in upgrading WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jiangtao Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jialin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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8
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Badeti U, Jiang J, Almuntashiri A, Pathak N, Dorji U, Volpin F, Freguia S, Ang WL, Chanan A, Kumarasingham S, Shon HK, Phuntsho S. Impact of source-separation of urine on treatment capacity, process design, and capital expenditure of a decentralised wastewater treatment plant. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134489. [PMID: 35430202 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the impact of urine diversion on the treatment capacity, treatment process, and capital costs of a decentralised wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was simulated using BioWin. The data for simulation including for economic analysis were obtained from a real decentralised WWTP at Sydney. Simulation was conducted for two alternative process design scenarios of a WWTP: membrane bioreactor (MBR) without denitrification and anaerobic MBR in place of aerobic MBR and compared to existing process design. The simulation shows that with about 75% urine diversion (through source separation), the treatment capacity of the existing WWTP can be doubled although above 40% urine diversion, the impact appears less rapid. When the urine diversion exceeds 75%, it was found that the anoxic tank for biological denitrification becomes redundant and the current wastewater treatment process could be replaced with a simpler and much less aeration intensive membrane bioreactor (MBR) producing similar effluent quality with a 24% reduction in capital expenditure (footprint) cost. Anaerobic MBR can be a potential alternative to aerobic MBR although pre-treatment becomes essential before reverse osmosis treatment for water reuse applications. Sensitivity analysis has revealed that by operating the bioreactor at higher mixed liquor suspended solids concentrations (9 g/L instead of 5 g/L) could help increase the WWTP treatment capacity by about 3.5 times at 75% urine diversion. Hence, urine diversion (until nitrogen-limiting conditions occur above 75% urine diversion) can increase the treatment capacity of an existing WWTP and reduce the capital expenses due to reduced plant footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umakant Badeti
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Jiaxi Jiang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Abdulaziz Almuntashiri
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Nirenkumar Pathak
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Ugyen Dorji
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Federico Volpin
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Stefano Freguia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Wei Lun Ang
- Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Ho Kyong Shon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sherub Phuntsho
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), City Campus, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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9
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Metagenomes from 25 Low-Abundance Microbes in a Partial Nitritation Anammox Microbiome. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0021222. [PMID: 35575561 PMCID: PMC9202391 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00212-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities using anammox bacteria to remove nitrogen are increasingly important in wastewater treatment. We report on 25 metagenome-assembled genomes of low-abundance microbes from a partial nitritation anammox bioreactor system that have not been described previously. These data add to the body of information about this important wastewater treatment system.
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10
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Kirim G, McCullough K, Bressani-Ribeiro T, Domingo-Félez C, Duan H, Al-Omari A, De Clippeleir H, Jimenez J, Klaus S, Ladipo-Obasa M, Mehrani MJ, Regmi P, Torfs E, Volcke EIP, Vanrolleghem PA. Mainstream short-cut N removal modelling: current status and perspectives. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:2539-2564. [PMID: 35576252 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This work gives an overview of the state-of-the-art in modelling of short-cut processes for nitrogen removal in mainstream wastewater treatment and presents future perspectives for directing research efforts in line with the needs of practice. The modelling status for deammonification (i.e., anammox-based) and nitrite-shunt processes is presented with its challenges and limitations. The importance of mathematical models for considering N2O emissions in the design and operation of short-cut nitrogen removal processes is considered as well. Modelling goals and potential benefits are presented and the needs for new and more advanced approaches are identified. Overall, this contribution presents how existing and future mathematical models can accelerate successful full-scale mainstream short-cut nitrogen removal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Kirim
- modelEAU, Université Laval, 1065 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1 V 0A6, Canada E-mail: ; CentrEau, Quebec Water Research Centre, 1065 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Kester McCullough
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Ave., Virginia Beach, VA 23455, USA
| | - Thiago Bressani-Ribeiro
- BioCo Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Carlos Domingo-Félez
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Haoran Duan
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ahmed Al-Omari
- Brown and Caldwell, 1725 Duke St. Suite 250, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA
| | - Haydee De Clippeleir
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, 5000 Overlook Ave., SW., Washington, DC 20032, USA
| | - Jose Jimenez
- Brown and Caldwell, 1725 Duke St. Suite 250, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA
| | - Stephanie Klaus
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, 1434 Air Rail Ave., Virginia Beach, VA 23455, USA
| | - Mojolaoluwa Ladipo-Obasa
- DC Water and Sewer Authority, 5000 Overlook Ave., SW., Washington, DC 20032, USA; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Mohamad-Javad Mehrani
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Ul. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdansk 80-233, Poland; Department of Urban Water and Waste Management, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universit¨atsstraße 15, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Pusker Regmi
- Brown and Caldwell, 1725 Duke St. Suite 250, Alexandria, VA 22314, USA
| | - Elena Torfs
- Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE), Frieda Saeysstraat 1, Gent 9000, Belgium; BIOMATH, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Eveline I P Volcke
- BioCo Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Gent 9000, Belgium; Centre for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource recovery (CAPTURE), Frieda Saeysstraat 1, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Peter A Vanrolleghem
- modelEAU, Université Laval, 1065 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1 V 0A6, Canada E-mail: ; CentrEau, Quebec Water Research Centre, 1065 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1 V 0A6, Canada
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11
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Analysis of Reject Water Formed in the Mechanical Dewatering Process of Digested Sludge Conditioned by Physical and Chemical Methods. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15051678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Reject water separated from digested sludge may be a potential source of nutrients due to its high content. However, most often, reject water after sludge dewatering is directed to sewage lines at wastewater treatment plants, negatively affecting their operation, especially in the biological part. The activities related to sludge conditioning before dewatering have a direct impact on the quality of the reject water. The reject water of raw digested sludge is characterized by very high concentrations of ammonium nitrogen, at 1718 mgN-NH4+/dm3; phosphates, at 122.4 mgPO43−/dm3; and chemical oxygen demand (COD), at 2240 mgO2/dm3. The objective of the research was to determine the impact of selected sludge conditioning methods on the quality of reject water obtained after sludge dewatering. The following parameters were analyzed in the reject water: the chemical oxygen demand (COD), phosphates, ammonium nitrogen, and total suspended solids (TSS). It has been observed that the sludge sonification process increases the content of impurities (COD, phosphates) in reject water with an increase in the amplitude of the ultrasonic field. On the other hand, the chemical reagents cause a decrease in the concentration of the pollutants with an increase of the chemical dose. It has been found that the inorganic coagulant PIX 113 gives much better results regarding the reduction of contamination than the polyelectrolyte Zetag 8180.
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12
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Huang X, Wang Y, Wang W, Li B, Zhao K, Kou X, Wu S, Shao T. Simultaneous partial nitritation, anammox, and denitrification process for the treatment of simulated municipal sewage in a single-stage biofilter reactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:131974. [PMID: 34455126 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a feasible scheme for the treatment of municipal sewage through simultaneous partial nitritation, anammox, and denitrification (SNAD) process, which was realized in a single-stage biofilter reactor (BFR). First, the BFR was started up to enrich the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) in the upper part of the reactor through the operation mode of the top influent and bottom effluent. Then, the BFR was inoculated with activated sludge and aerated continuously at the bottom to realize the coupling of SNAD, which was accompanied by a two-point influent from the bottom and top effluent. Results indicated that the high removal efficiency of NH4+-N (93.40%), total nitrogen (TN, 89.95%), and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD, 92.68%) were achieved with an air-water ratio of 4.29 and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 h. During the SNAD steady phase for the treatment of simulated municipal sewage with a soluble chemical organic demand to nitrogen (C/N) ratio of 2.31, low concentrations of NH4+-N (4.13 mg/L), TN (6.44 mg/L), and SCOD (11.29 mg/L) were attained in the effluent. High-throughput sequencing analysis indicated that the relative abundance of Nitrosomonas, Candidatus Brocadia, and Denitratisoma were 0.77%, 0.43%, and 4.07% in the biofilm at the 0-12.5 cm zone, respectively, suggesting successful implementation of the SNAD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhong Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Wenhuai Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Binjuan Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Kexin Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Xiaomei Kou
- Power China-Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Shizhang Wu
- Power China-Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Tian Shao
- Power China-Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an, 710065, China
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13
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Conditioning of Sewage Sludge with Physical, Chemical and Dual Methods to Improve Sewage Sludge Dewatering. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14165079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents the impact of different methods of sewage sludge conditioning on the improvement of sludge dewatering during pressure filtration processes. The following conditioning methods were tested for sludge preparation: sonication, addition of organic and inorganic chemicals (Zetag 8180, PIX 113 and the combined action of both substances). The research covered: physical and chemical analysis of sewage sludge, measurement of capillary suction time as an indicator of sludge dewaterability, some technical parameters of sludge pressure filtration process and the analysis of filtrate to assess the degree of contamination. The results of the research showed that the final water content of the prepared sludge decreased, while the specific filtration resistance increased. Among the tested methods the best results of sludge dewatering effects were obtained for sonicated sludge and its preparation with inorganic coagulant PIX 113. The combined effect of sonication with the addition of chemicals Zetag 8180 and PIX113 to sludge allowed for the reduction of organic substances, ammonium nitrogen and phosphates in filtrate after sludge dewatering.
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14
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Pan J, Huo T, Yang H, Li Z, Chen L, Niu Z, Ni S, Liu S. Metabolic patterns reveal enhanced anammox activity at low nitrogen conditions in the integrated I-ABR. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:1455-1465. [PMID: 33434312 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Substrate concentrations greatly influence bacterial growth and metabolism. However, optimal nitrogen concentrations for anammox bacteria in nitrogen-limited environments remain unclear. Here, we observed enhanced nitrogen metabolism and anabolism of anammox bacteria at low nitrogen conditions. Efficient nitrogen removal was achieved at ammonium and nitrite influent concentration of 30 mg/L under HRT of 1 hr, with an average nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 0.73 kg N/(m3 ·day) in I-ABR composed of four compartments. The highest anammox activity of 6.25 mmol N/ (gVSS·hr) was observed in the fourth compartment (C4) with the lowest substrate levels (ammonium and nitrite of 11.6 mg/L and 7 mg/L). This could be resulted from the highest expression level of genes involved in nitrogen metabolism in C4, which was 1.49-1.67 times higher than that in other compartments. Besides, the second compartment (C2) exhibited the most active anabolism at ammonium and nitrite of 17 mg/L and 13 mg/L, respectively, which contributed to the most active amino acid synthesis and thus the highest EPS (1.35 times higher) in C2. This enhanced amino acid auxotrophy between anammox bacteria with heterotrophs, and consequently, heterotrophs thrived and competed for nitrite. These results hint at the potential application of anammox process in micro-polluted water. PRACTITIONER POINTS: High nitrogen removal and efficient biomass retention at low nitrogen concentrations under short HRT was achieved in I-ABR. Optimal concentrations for anammox nitrogen removal and anabolism were discussed under low nitrogen concentrations. More active anabolism contributed to enhanced amino acid synthesis and thus higher EPS contents. Low substrate levels led to enhanced expression of genes involved in nitrogen metabolism and thus high anammox activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juejun Pan
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Beijing, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in Rivers, Beijing, China
| | - Tangran Huo
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Beijing, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in Rivers, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Bureau of Hydrological and Water Resources Survey of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, China
| | - Zhenshan Li
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Beijing, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in Rivers, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Chen
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Beijing, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in Rivers, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Niu
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shouqing Ni
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Beijing, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in Rivers, Beijing, China
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15
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Application of Anammox-Based Processes in Urban WWTPs: Are We on the Right Track? Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9081334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of partial nitritation and anammox processes (PN/A) to remove nitrogen can improve the energy efficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as well as diminish their operational costs. However, there are still several limitations that are preventing the widespread application of PN/A processes in urban WWTPs such as: (a) the loss of performance stability of the PN/A units operated at the sludge line, when the sludge is thermally pretreated to increase biogas production; (b) the proliferation of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) in the mainstream; and (c) the maintenance of a suitable effluent quality in the mainstream. In this work, different operational strategies to overcome these limitations were modelled and analyzed. In WWTPs whose sludge is thermically hydrolyzed, the implementation of an anerobic treatment before the PN/A unit is the best alternative, from an economic point of view, to maintain the stable performance of this unit. In order to apply the PN/A process in the mainstream, the growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) should be promoted in the sludge line by supplying extra sludge to the anaerobic digesters. The AOB generated would be applied to the water line to partially oxidize ammonia, and the anammox process would then be carried out. Excess nitrate generated by anammox bacteria and/or NOB can be removed by recycling a fraction of the WWTP effluent to the biological reactor to promote its denitrification.
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16
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Qian F, Huang Z, Liu Y, Grace OOW, Wang J, Shi G. Conversion of full nitritation to partial nitritation/anammox in a continuous granular reactor for low-strength ammonium wastewater treatment at 20 °C. Biodegradation 2021; 32:87-98. [PMID: 33449262 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-020-09923-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of converting full nitritation to partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) at ambient temperature (20 °C) was investigated in a continuous granular reactor. The process was conducted without anammox bacteria inoculation for the treatment of 70 mg L-1 of low-strength ammonium nitrogen wastewater. Following the stepwise increase of the nitrogen loading rate from 0.84 to 1.30 kg N m-3 d-1 in 320 days of operation, the removal efficiency of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) exceeded 80% under oxygen-limiting conditions. The mature PN/A granules, which had a compact structure and abundant biomass, exhibited a specific TIN removal rate of 0.11 g N g-1 VSS d-1 and a settling velocity of 70.2 m h-1. This was comparable with that obtained at above 30 °C in previous reports. High-throughput pyrosequencing results revealed that the co-enrichment of aerobic and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria identified as genera Nitrosomonas and Candidatus Kuenenia, which prompted a hybrid competition for oxygen and nitrite with nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). However, the overgrowth of novel NOB Candidatus Nitrotoga adapted to low temperatures and low nitrite concentration could potentially deteriorate the one-stage PN/A process by exhausting residual bulk ammonium under long-term excessive aeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyue Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China. .,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ziheng Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Olatidoye Omo Wumi Grace
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
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17
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Impact of Conditioning Substances and Filtration Pressure on Dewatering Efficiency of Sewage Sludge. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sludge dewatering is a key element in sludge’s processing and management. Solid-phase separation, sludge volume reduction and the separation of a high-quality supernatant are the main tasks of the dewatering devices. The effectiveness of this task, in turn, results from the selection of the dewatering method and conditioning of the sludge before dewatering. The aim of the research was to determine the influence of conditioning substances (polyelectrolyte, fly ash and zeolite) on the efficiency of dewatering at variable filtration pressure. The use of polyelectrolyte in sludge conditioning was a solution that increased the efficiency of the filtration process. On the contrary, the use of structure-forming substances (fly ash and zeolite) slows the process but reduces the hydration of the filter cake. The same trends were obtained in dual conditioning combining dosing of polyelectrolyte and ash or zeolite. It was also shown that the dewatering efficiency of conditioned sludge with these two different substances (ash and zeolite) was the same. The use of zeolite in independent or dual conditioning was important for the quality of the supernatant.
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18
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Kosgey K, Chandran K, Gokal J, Kiambi SL, Bux F, Kumari S. Critical Analysis of Biomass Retention Strategies in Mainstream and Sidestream ANAMMOX-Mediated Nitrogen Removal Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9-24. [PMID: 33350826 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ANAMMOX (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) represents an energy-efficient process for biological nitrogen removal, particularly from wastewater streams with low chemical oxygen demand (COD) to nitrogen (C/N) ratios. Its widespread application, however, is still hampered by a lack of access to biomass-enriched with ANAMMOX bacteria (AMX), slow growth rates of AMX, and their sensitivity to inhibition. Although the coupling of ANAMMOX processes with partial nitrification is already widespread, especially for sidestream treatment, maintaining a functional population density of AMX remains a challenge in these systems. Therefore, strategies that maximize retention of AMX-rich biomass are essential to promote process stability. This paper reviews existing methods of biomass retention in ANAMMOX-mediated systems, focusing on (i) granulation; (ii) biofilm formation on carrier materials; (iii) gel entrapment; and (iv) membrane technology in mainstream and sidestream systems. In addition, the microbial ecology of different ANAMMOX-mediated systems is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiprotich Kosgey
- Durban University of Technology, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban, South Africa
- Durban University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Columbia University, Earth and Environmental Engineering, New York, New York, United States
| | - Jashan Gokal
- Durban University of Technology, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sammy Lewis Kiambi
- Durban University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Durban, South Africa
| | - Faizal Bux
- Durban University of Technology, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sheena Kumari
- Durban University of Technology, Institute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban, South Africa
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19
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Zhang T, Yin Q, Shi Y, Wu G. Microbial physiology and interactions in anammox systems with the intermittent addition of organic carbons. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124226. [PMID: 33049442 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic carbon can affect nitrogen removal in the anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process. Two continuous up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors were operated under autotrophic (UASBN, without organic carbon) and mixotrophic (UASBCN, with the intermittent addition of acetate and propionate) conditions. Stable operation of anammox systems was achieved, with the nitrogen removal rate and percentage of 2.12 g/(L·d) and 86.4% in UASBN, and 2.09 g/(L·d) and 85.0% in UASBCN, respectively. The network of Candidatus Kuenenia, Thauera, and Nitrosomanas contributed to both nitrogen and carbon metabolisms, and the intermittent addition of acetate and propionate strengthened Ca. Kuenenia's ability to utilize several types of carbon sources. Anammox bacteria showed activity in the presence of organic carbon and without inorganic carbon, confirming the mixotrophic characteristic of Ca. Kuenenia. Cross-feeding of amino acids and vitamins existed among functional microorganisms, with extracellular polymeric substances acting as the media for microbial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Qidong Yin
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunhong Shi
- Department of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Guangxue Wu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
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20
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Vinardell S, Dosta J, Mata-Alvarez J, Astals S. Unravelling the economics behind mainstream anaerobic membrane bioreactor application under different plant layouts. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124170. [PMID: 33011628 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This research evaluated the economic feasibility of anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) as a mainstream technology for municipal sewage treatment. To this end, different wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) layouts were considered, including primary settler, AnMBR, degassing membrane, partial nitritation-Anammox, phosphorus precipitation and sidestream anaerobic digestion. The net treatment cost of an AnMBR-WWTP decreased from 0.42 to 0.35 € m-3 as the sewage COD concentration increased from 100 to 1100 mg COD L-1 due to revenue from electricity production. However, the net treatment cost increased above 0.51 € m-3 when nutrient removal technologies were included. The AnMBR and partial nitritation-Anammox were the costliest processes representing a 57.6 and 30.3% of the treatment cost, respectively. Energy self-sufficiency was achieved for high-strength municipal sewage treatment (1000 mg COD L-1) and a COD:SO42--S ratio above 40. Overall, the results showed that mainstream AnMBR has potential to be an economically competitive option for full-scale implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Vinardell
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joan Dosta
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Mata-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Astals
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Vinardell S, Astals S, Jaramillo M, Mata-Alvarez J, Dosta J. Anaerobic membrane bioreactor performance at different wastewater pre-concentration factors: An experimental and economic study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 750:141625. [PMID: 32871369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This research evaluated the performance of a lab-scale anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) treating municipal sewage pre-concentrated by forward osmosis (FO). The organic loading rate (OLR) and sodium concentrations of the synthetic sewage stepwise increased from 0.3 to 2.0 g COD L-1 d-1 and from 0.28 to 2.30 g Na+ L-1 to simulate pre-concentration factors of 1, 2, 5 and 10. No major operational problems were observed during AnMBR operation, with COD removal efficiencies ranging between 90 and 96%. The methane yield progressively increased from 214 ± 79 to 322 ± 60 mL CH4 g-1 COD as the pre-concentration factor increased from 1 to 10. This was mainly attributed to the lower fraction of methane dissolved lost in the permeate at higher OLRs. Interestingly, at the highest pre-concentration factor (2.30 g Na+ L-1) the difference between the permeate and the digester soluble COD indicated that membrane biofilm also played a role in COD removal. Finally, a preliminary energy and economic analysis showed that, at a pre-concentration factor of 10, the AnMBR temperature could be increased 10 °C and achieve a positive net present value (NPV) of 4 M€ for a newly constructed AnMBR treating 10,000 m3 d-1 of pre-concentrated sewage with an AnMBR lifetime of 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Vinardell
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 6th floor, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sergi Astals
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 6th floor, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 6th floor, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Mata-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 6th floor, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Dosta
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, C/Martí i Franquès 1, 6th floor, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Water Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08001 Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Mutual Interaction between Temperature and DO Set Point on AOB and NOB Activity during Shortcut Nitrification in a Sequencing Batch Reactor in Terms of Energy Consumption Optimization. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13215808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently, many wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have had to deal with serious problems related to the restrictive requirements regarding the effluent quality, as well as significant energy consumption associated with it. In this situation, mainstream deammonification and/or shortened nitrification-denitrification via nitrite (so-called “nitrite shunt”) is a new promising strategy. This study shows the mechanisms and operating conditions (e.g., dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, temp.), leading to the complete domination of ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) over nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) under aerobic conditions. Its successful application as shortcut nitrification in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) technology will represent a paradigm shift for the wastewater industry, offering the opportunity for efficient wastewater treatment, energy-neutral or even energy-positive facilities, and substantial reductions in treatment costs. In this study, under low and moderate temperatures (10–16 °C), averaged DO concentrations (0.7 mg O2/L) were preferable to ensure beneficial AOB activity over NOB, by maintaining reasonable energy consumption. Elevated temperatures (~30 °C), as well as increased DO concentration, were recognized as beneficial for the NOB activity stimulation, thus under such conditions, the DO limitation seems to be a more prospective approach.
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23
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Arias A, Behera CR, Feijoo G, Sin G, Moreira MT. Unravelling the environmental and economic impacts of innovative technologies for the enhancement of biogas production and sludge management in wastewater systems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 270:110965. [PMID: 32721363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The retrofitting of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) should be addressed under sustainability criteria. It is well known that there are two elements that most penalize wastewater treatment: (i) energy requirements and (ii) sludge management. New technologies should reduce both of these drawbacks to address technical efficiency, carbon neutrality and reduced economic costs. In this context, the main objective of this work was to evaluate two real plants of different size in which major modifications were considered: enhanced recovery of organic matter (OM) in the primary treatment and partial-anammox nitrification process in the secondary treatment. Plant-wide modelling provided an estimate of the input and output flows of each process unit as well as the diagnosis of the main performance indicators, which served as a basis for the calculation of environmental and economic indicators using the LCA methodology. The combination of high-rate activated sludge (HRAS) + partial nitrification Anammox can decrease the environmental impacts by about 70% in the climate change (CC) category and 50% in the eutrophication potential (EP) category. Moreover, costs can be reduced by 35-45% depending on the size of the plant. In addition, the enhanced rotating belt filter (ERBF) can also improve the environmental profile, but to a lesser extent than the previous scenario, only up to 10% for CC and 15% for EP. These positive results are only possible considering the production of energy through biogas valorization according to the waste-to-energy scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CRETUS Institute. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Chitta Ranjan Behera
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Gumersindo Feijoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CRETUS Institute. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Gürkan Sin
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - María Teresa Moreira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CRETUS Institute. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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24
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Chen Y. Recent advances in partial denitrification in biological nitrogen removal: From enrichment to application. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 298:122444. [PMID: 31784254 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
To maximize energy recovery, carbon capture followed by shortcut nitrogen removal is becoming the most promising route in biological wastewater treatment. As the intermediate of microbial denitrification, nitrite could serve as a substrate for anammox bacteria, while N2O is a combustion promoter that can increase 37% energy release from CH4 than O2. Therefore, the important advances in partial denitrification (PD) that produces nitrite or N2O as the main product using inorganic or organic electron donors were critically reviewed. Specifically, the enrichment strategies of PD microorganisms were obtained by analyzing the selection pressures, metabolism, physiology, and microbiology of these microorganisms. Furthermore, some prospective and promising processes integrating PD microorganisms and the bottlenecks of current applications were discussed. The obtained knowledge would provide new insights into the upgrading of current WWTPs involving commitment to achieve nitrogen removal from wastewaters more economically and environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
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He S, Yang W, Li W, Zhang Y, Qin M, Mao Z. Impacts of salt shocking and the selection of a suitable reversal agent on anammox. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:602-612. [PMID: 31539968 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reactor, which was inhibited by a salinity of 50 g NaCl L-1 during a long-term experiment, was rapidly restarted by decreasing the salinity to 20 g NaCl L-1 and adding biomass. The effects of exposure time and shock concentrations on the anammox reactor indicate that anammox granular sludge has a high tolerance to salinity and strong ability for self-recovery. The nitrogen removal efficiency was higher than 50% after exposure to 50 g NaCl L-1 for 66 h. To shorten the time taken for effluent nitrogen concentrations to attain national standards (GB18918-2002) after the anammox reactor was shocked with NaCl, reactor performance (i.e., recovery) after the addition of K+, glycine betaine, Fe2+, and hydroxylamine were compared after the reactor was inhibited by 80 g NaCl L-1. The results indicate that hydroxylamine was the best reversal agent. The recovery time of the anammox reactor could be shortened by 50% following the addition of hydroxylamine. The most favorable NH2OH-N/NO2--N concentration ratio for improving nitrogen removal of anammox was 1:11. The abundances of Planctomycetes and its genera Candidatus Kuenenia and Brocadiaceae_g_unclassified increased after repeated salinity shock-recovery phases, indicating that Candidatus Kuenenia and Brocadiaceae_g_unclassified are able to adapt to NaCl shocking and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong He
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Wan Yang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Wenji Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Rd, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Meng Qin
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zhen Mao
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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Cagnetta C, Saerens B, Meerburg FA, Decru SO, Broeders E, Menkveld W, Vandekerckhove TGL, De Vrieze J, Vlaeminck SE, Verliefde ARD, De Gusseme B, Weemaes M, Rabaey K. High-rate activated sludge systems combined with dissolved air flotation enable effective organics removal and recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121833. [PMID: 31357043 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-rate activated sludge (HRAS) systems typically generate diluted sludge which requires further thickening prior to anaerobic digestion (AD), besides the need to add considerable coagulant and flocculant for the solids separation. As an alternative to conventional gravitational settling, a dissolved air flotation (DAF) unit was coupled to a HRAS system or a high-rate contact stabilization (HiCS) system. The HRAS-DAF system allowed up to 78% removal of the influent solids, and the HiCS-DAF 67%. Both were within the range of values typically obtained for HRAS-settler systems, albeit at a lower chemical requirement. The separated sludge had a high concentration of up to 47 g COD L-1, suppressing the need of further thickening before AD. Methanation tests showed a biogas yield of up to 68% on a COD basis. The use of a DAF separation system can thus enable direct organics removal at high sludge concentration and with low chemical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cagnetta
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Bart Saerens
- Aquafin NV, Dijkstraat 8, Aartselaar 2630, Belgium
| | | | - Stijn O Decru
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Eddie Broeders
- Nijhuis Water Technology, Innovatieweg 4, Doetinchem 7007, the Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Menkveld
- Nijhuis Water Technology, Innovatieweg 4, Doetinchem 7007, the Netherlands
| | - Tom G L Vandekerckhove
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Jo De Vrieze
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Siegfried E Vlaeminck
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp 2020, Belgium
| | - Arne R D Verliefde
- Particle and Interfacial Technology Group (PaInT), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Bart De Gusseme
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | | | - Korneel Rabaey
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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Lv Y, Pan J, Huo T, Zhao Y, Liu S. Enhanced microbial metabolism in one stage partial nitritation-anammox system treating low strength wastewater by novel composite carrier. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 163:114872. [PMID: 31362210 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One stage partial nitritation-anammox (PN-A) process has attracted more and more attention due to the low investment cost but the instability in treating low strength wastewater. In this study, for producing a novel composite carrier that could provide high ammonia microenvironment in low strength wastewater, the zeolites and floating materials were combined in the spherical shell and distributed evenly by the spherical polyhedron. And a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) with the composite carriers and ordinary carriers without zeolites as control group was operated for nearly 120 days. The PN-A process were realized in 53 days, and the total nitrogen removal efficiency reached around 85% at influent ammonium concentration of 50 mg/L finally. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the composite carriers showed significant promotion on the proliferation of ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB), accounting for 19.14% and 41.65% on the surface, respectively. Moreover, the existence of relative higher abundance of ammonia on the composite carrier surface was validated by the metabolite biomarker of glutamate and especially spermidine. The metabolomics analysis and 16S rRNA function prediction showed that the protein synthesis pathway was obviously upregulated on the composite carriers surface compared with that on the ordinary carriers surface. The higher abundance of glutamate and putrescine indicated that the composite carrier could stimulate the metabolism and growth of bacteria. The present study provided a functional carrier to realize the transformation of activated sludge system into PN-A system treating low strength wastewater, which is significant to the application of the process in mainstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Lv
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Juejun Pan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tangran Huo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing, 100871, China.
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New direction in biological nitrogen removal from industrial nitrate wastewater via anammox. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7459-7466. [PMID: 31388729 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is an important scientific discovery in the field of wastewater treatment. This process is a sustainable option in nitrogen removal due to its energy-efficient and cost-effective advantage. Great effort has been made recently to remove ammonium from industrial and municipal wastewater via the anammox process with a preceding partial nitrification (PN) converting part of NH4+ to NO2-. Anammox process is seldom involved in the nitrate removal. Nitrate (NO3-), one of the main nitrogen compounds produced from various industries, is typically converted to nitrogen gas via denitrification process where a large amount of carbon source is consumed. Within this context, we reviewed the current technologies for high-strength nitrate wastewater treatment. It is found that nitrite accumulation often occurs during nitrate reduction, and its accumulating level would be increased at certain conditions (i.e., low C/N ratio and high pH). Hence, this provides a great opportunity to employ the anammox process to further convert nitrite in a more sustainable way. In this review, we highlight a new approach for industrial nitrate wastewater treatment via partial denitrification coupled with anammox process (PD-A). We also discuss the conditions to achieve successful PD-A process, economic and environmental benefits, and potential challenges as well as the future perspectives in practical application.
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Li B, Yan W, Wang Y, Wang H, Zhou Z, Li Y, Zhang W. Effects of key enzyme activities and microbial communities in a flocculent-granular hybrid complete autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite reactor under mainstream conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 280:136-142. [PMID: 30769324 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a flocculent-granular hybrid reactor was reported as a novel nitrogen removal system; however, the mechanisms of stable operation in the system remain unclear. In this study, the mechanisms of the stable nitrogen removal performance in a flocculent-granular hybrid system were investigated with temperature reduction. The operational period was divided into three phases with different temperatures ranges. In phase I, the nitrogen removal efficiency was stabilized at about 90% with nitrogen removal load maintained at approximately 0.28 kg N/(m3·day). In phase II, while decreasing the temperature to 20 °C, the activities of key enzymes were reduced immediately and were then maintained at a certain level. The relative abundances of aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria gradually increased at this phase. In phase III, after the temperature dropped to 15 °C, the activities of key enzymes gradually increased due to adaptation to low temperature, boosting the nitrogen removal efficiency to 83%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Wenkai Yan
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Heng Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering and Division of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Ye Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Wenqin Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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31
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Determination of the intrinsic kinetic parameters of ammonia-oxidizing and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in granular and flocculent sludge. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Özkaya B, Kaksonen AH, Sahinkaya E, Puhakka JA. Fluidized bed bioreactor for multiple environmental engineering solutions. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 150:452-465. [PMID: 30572277 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fluidized bed bioreactors (FBR) are characterized by two-phase mixture of fluid and solid, in which the bed of solid particles is fluidized by means of downward or upward recirculation stream. FBRs are widely used for multiple environmental engineering solutions, such as wastewater treatment, as well as some industrial applications. FBR offers many benefits such as compact bioreactor size due to short hydraulic retention time, long biomass retention on the carrier, high conversion rates due to fully mixed conditions and consequently high mass transfer rates, no channelling of flow, dilution of influent concentrations due to recycle flow, suitability for enrichment of microbes with low Km values. The disadvantages of FBRs include bioreactor size limitations due to the height-to-diameter ratio, high-energy requirements due to high recycle ratios, and long start-up period for biofilm formation. This paper critically reviews some of the key studies on biomass enrichment via immobilisation of low growth yield microorganisms, high-rates via fully mixed conditions, technical developments in FBRs and ways of overcoming toxic effects via solution recycling. This technology has many potential new uses as well as hydrodynamic characteristics, which enable high-rate environmental engineering and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bestami Özkaya
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101, Tampere, Finland; Yıldız Technical University, Department of Environmental Engineering, Davutpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Anna H Kaksonen
- CSIRO Land and Water, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA, 6014, Australia
| | - Erkan Sahinkaya
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Bioengineering Department, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jaakko A Puhakka
- Tampere University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Laboratory of Chemistry and Bioengineering, P.O. Box 541, FI-33101, Tampere, Finland.
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33
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Zhang ZZ, Cheng YF, Zhu BQ, Liu YY, Zhang Q, Jin RC. Achieving completely anaerobic ammonium removal over nitrite (CAARON) in one single UASB reactor: Synchronous and asynchronous feeding regimes of organic carbon make a difference. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:342-350. [PMID: 30412879 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
At least 11% of total nitrogen (TN) remains in the anammox effluent, making it difficult to meet increasingly stringent discharge standards. To overcome this bottleneck, an innovative process to achieve completely anaerobic ammonium removal over nitrite (CAARON) in one single up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor was proposed in this study. The synchronous feeding of acetate at a C/N (nitrite) ratio of 0.6 significantly reduced the nitrogen removal capacity of anammox reactor by limiting the abundance and metabolism of anammox bacteria. In contrast, the asynchronous feeding of acetate optimized the partition of the reactor column into two specific compartments: the lower half favoring anammox and the upper half dominated by DEAMOX (DEnitrifying AMmonium Oxidation). A high TN removal efficiency of 96.2±0.4% and a low effluent TN concentration of 9.3±0.9mgL-1 were obtained under a high TN loading rate of 9.0kgNm-3d-1. The dominant functional microbes in the CAARON process were identified as Candidatus Kuenenia and Thauera, which were responsible for the anammox and denitratation reactions, respectively. Overall, the results in this study provide valuable insight into the coupling of anammox with denitratation, which is a cost-efficient approach for treating ammonium-rich wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zhe Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ya-Fei Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Bing-Qian Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ying-Yi Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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34
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Kowalski MS, Devlin TR, Oleszkiewicz JA. Attachment of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria to augmented carrier material. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:576-583. [PMID: 29072116 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1397770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The formation of stable and highly active anammox biofilm is a lengthy process leading to long start-up times of deammonifying reactors of several months or more. This study aims to provide a quick solution to the problem of long start-up periods by pretreating the surface of carrier material. Two different techniques were investigated. The first one focused on growing a layer of heterotrophic biofilm on the surface of the plastic carriers prior to inoculation with anammox biomass. Specific anammox activity increased by almost 400% as compared to seed values and was equal to 250 mg NH4-N/gVSS/L•d. In the second technique, the carrier material was coated with a layer of granular-activated carbon to provide a higher surface area. The anammox activity increased by approximately 50%. In comparison, the control reactor did not develop any biofilm and no anammox activity was detected. Rapid attachment of the anammox biomass was achieved in a reactor with media that had a predeveloped layer of a biofilm. In a way, this approach is analogous to a primer or an undercoat that is put on materials before painting to ensure better adhesion of paint to the surface, hence the suggested name - bioprimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej S Kowalski
- a Department of Civil Engineering , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
| | - Tanner R Devlin
- a Department of Civil Engineering , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
| | - Jan A Oleszkiewicz
- a Department of Civil Engineering , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Canada
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Campos JL, Crutchik D, Franchi Ó, Pavissich JP, Belmonte M, Pedrouso A, Mosquera-Corral A, Val del Río Á. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Recovery From Anaerobically Pretreated Agro-Food Wastes: A Review. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2018.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Zhang ZZ, Ji YX, Cheng YF, Xu LZJ, Jin RC. Increased salinity improves the thermotolerance of mesophilic anammox consortia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:710-716. [PMID: 29990918 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
While the application of anammox-based process for mesophilic sidestream treatment is at present the state of the art and mainstream treatment at ambient temperature is also in development, the feasibility of thermophilic anammox process is still unclear. This study investigated the effects of salinity on the thermotolerance of mesophilic anammox sludge. In batch activity tests, 45 °C seems to be the critical temperature for the tolerance of mesophilic anammox consortia without acclimatization or amendments. The optimal anammox activity at 40, 42.5, and 45 °C can be achieved with the amendment of salt at 5-8, 8-10, and ~12 g NaCl L-1, respectively. However, this improvement effect was limited at 50 °C or when the shock duration was longer than 24 h even at 45 °C. In continuous-flow bioreactors, mesophilic anammox consortia could gradually adapt to 40-50 °C under a transition of 2.5 °C, and the performance was enhanced by an increase in salinity, which may be associated with the increase in extracellular polymeric substances. A nitrogen removal rate of 0.53 kgN m-3 d-1 was finally obtained at 50 °C. Overall, these interesting results facilitate further opportunities for thermophilic anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zhe Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Yu-Xin Ji
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ya-Fei Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Lian-Zeng-Ji Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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37
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Arias A, Salim I, Pedrouso A, Morales N, Mosquera-Corral A, Vázquez-Padín JR, Rogalla F, Feijoo G, Moreira MT. Bottom-up approach in the assessment of environmental impacts and costs of an innovative anammox-based process for nitrogen removal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 225:112-119. [PMID: 30075304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the wastewater treatment sector has undergone a shift to adapt to increasing discharge limits. In addressing the evaluation of innovative technologies, it is necessary to determine the scale at which reliable and representative values of environmental impacts and costs can be obtained, ensuring that the system under assessment follows the direction of eco-efficiency. This study has evaluated the environmental and economic indicators of an autotrophic nitrogen removal technology (ELAN®) from laboratory conception (1.5 L) to full scale (2 units of 115 m3) using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. Indirect emissions related to electricity consumption are the main contributor in all impact categories except eutrophication. Electricity consumption referred to the functional unit (1 m3 of treated wastewater) decreases as the scale increases. The rationale behind this can be explained, among other reasons, by the low energy efficiency of small-scale equipment (pumps and aerators). Accordingly, a value of approximately 25 kg CO2eq per m3 of treated water is determined for laboratory scale, compared to only 5 kg CO2eq per m3 at full-scale. When it comes to assessing the reliability of data, a pilot scale system of 0.2 m3 allowed to perform a trustworthy estimation of environmental indicators, which were validated at full-scale. In terms of operational costs, the scale of approximately 1 m3 provided a more accurate estimate of the costs associated with energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Iana Salim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Alba Pedrouso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Nicolás Morales
- Aqualia, Guillarei WWTP, Camino de la Veiga s/n, E-36720, Tui, Spain
| | - Anuska Mosquera-Corral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | | | - Frank Rogalla
- Aqualia, Guillarei WWTP, Camino de la Veiga s/n, E-36720, Tui, Spain
| | - Gumersindo Feijoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - María Teresa Moreira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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38
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Peeters SH, van Niftrik L. Trending topics and open questions in anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 49:45-52. [PMID: 30308437 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria are major players in the biological nitrogen cycle and can be applied in wastewater treatment for the removal of nitrogen compounds. Anammox bacteria anaerobically convert the substrates ammonium and nitrite into dinitrogen gas in a specialized intracellular compartment called the anammoxosome. The anammox cell biology, physiology and biochemistry is of exceptional interest but also difficult to study because of the lack of a pure culture, standard cultivation techniques and genetic tools. Here we review the most important recent developments regarding the cell structure - anammoxosome and cell envelope - and anammox energy metabolism - nitrite reductase, hydrazine synthase and energy conversion - including the trending topics electro-anammox, extracellular polymeric substances and ladderane lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn H Peeters
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water & Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura van Niftrik
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water & Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Pedrouso A, Aiartza I, Morales N, Vázquez-Padín JR, Rogalla F, Campos JL, Mosquera-Corral A, Val del Rio A. Pilot-scale ELAN ® process applied to treat primary settled urban wastewater at low temperature via partial nitritation-anammox processes. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Wang C, Liu S, Xu X, Zhang C, Wang D, Yang F. Achieving mainstream nitrogen removal through simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification process in an integrated fixed film activated sludge reactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 203:457-466. [PMID: 29635157 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is becoming a critical technology for energy neutral in mainstream wastewater treatment. However, the presence of chemical oxygen demanding in influent would result in a poor nitrogen removal efficiency during the deammonification process. In this study, the simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification process (SNAD) for mainstream nitrogen removal was investigated in an integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) reactor. SNAD-IFAS process achieved a total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency of 72 ± 2% and an average COD removal efficiency was 88%. The optimum COD/N ratio for mainstream wastewater treatment was 1.2 ± 0.2. Illumina sequencing analysis and activity tests showed that anammox and denitrifying bacteria were the dominant nitrogen removal microorganism in the biofilm and the high COD/N ratios (≥2.0) leaded to the proliferation of heterotrophic bacteria (Hydrogenophaga) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (Nitrospira) in the suspended sludge. Network analysis confirmed that anammox bacteria (Candidatus Kuenenia) could survive in organic matter environment due to that anammox bacteria displayed significant co-occurrence through positive correlations with some heterotrophic bacteria (Limnobacter) which could protect anammox bacteria from hostile environments. Overall, the results of this study provided more comprehensive information regarding the community composition and assemblies in SNAD-IFAS process for mainstream nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environment Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Sitong Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaochen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environment Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chaolei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environment Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fenglin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environment Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Linggong Road 2, Dalian 116024, China.
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41
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Castro-Barros CM, Ho LT, Winkler MKH, Volcke EIP. Integration of methane removal in aerobic anammox-based granular sludge reactors. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:1615-1625. [PMID: 28554256 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1334709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Combined partial nitritation-anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) processes have been widely applied for nitrogen removal from anaerobic digestion reject water. However, such streams also contain dissolved methane that can escape to the atmosphere, hence contributing to global warming. This study investigates the possibility of integrating methane removal in aerobic anammox-based granular sludge reactors, through modelling and simulation. Methane removal could be established through aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB), denitrifying anaerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria (damoB, NO2- + CH4 → N2 + CO2), and/or archaea (damoA, NO3- + CH4 → NO2- + CO2). The simulation results demonstrated that the combined removal of nitrogen and methane was feasible at low dissolved oxygen conditions. Aerobic MOB were the main responsible microorganisms for removing methane. A sensitivity analysis of key kinetic parameters showed a shift in the methanotrophic populations depending on the most favourable parameters for each microbial group, while keeping high nitrogen and methane removal efficiencies. Possible methane stripping during aeration could be limited by increasing the depth within the reactor column at which aeration was supplied. Overall, the integration of methane removal in aerobic anammox-based granular sludge reactors seems to be a promising process option to reduce the carbon footprint from wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Long T Ho
- a Department of Biosystems Engineering , Ghent University , Gent , Belgium
| | - Mari K H Winkler
- a Department of Biosystems Engineering , Ghent University , Gent , Belgium
- b Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Washington , Seattle , WA , USA
| | - Eveline I P Volcke
- a Department of Biosystems Engineering , Ghent University , Gent , Belgium
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42
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Abundance and diversity of anammox bacteria in a mainstream municipal wastewater treatment plant. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6713-6723. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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43
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Kowalski MS, Devlin TR, Oleszkiewicz JA. Start-up and long-term performance of anammox moving bed biofilm reactor seeded with granular biomass. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 200:481-486. [PMID: 29501885 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Availability of granular anammox sludge is much higher than biofilm seed carriers and the sludge is easier to transport. This paper describes and investigates a formation of mature anammox biofilm originated from granular sludge and proves that an anammox moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) can be easily and quickly started-up by seeding with granular sludge. The reactor was fed with synthetic wastewater containing ammonium and nitrite. Successful start-up was completed in as little as 50 days when TN removal increased to more than 80%. Surface nitrogen loading rate during start-up was equal to 0.75 g m-2 d and was stepwise increased up to 5.3 g m-2 d. Biofilm thickness reached 1269 ± 444 μm at the end of the study with specific anammox activity of 22.0 ± 2.1 mg N g-1 VSS h. This study shows that granular biomass can be transitioned to a biofilm relatively easily which opens a new window of opportunity for starting-up anammox MBBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej S Kowalski
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | - Tanner R Devlin
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jan A Oleszkiewicz
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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44
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Hoekstra M, de Weerd FA, Kleerebezem R, van Loosdrecht MCM. Deterioration of the anammox process at decreasing temperatures and long SRTs. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2018; 39:658-668. [PMID: 28317443 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1309078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of autotrophic nitrogen removal in the mainstream of a municipal wastewater treatment plant is currently pursued. Among the crucial unknown factors are the kinetic properties of anaerobic ammonium oxidising (anammox) bacteria at low temperatures. In this study we investigated the adaptation of a fast-growing anammox culture to a lower temperature. In a membrane bioreactor a highly enriched anammox community was obtained at 30°C, 25°C and 20°C. This culture was exposed to long- and short-term temperature changes. In short-term experiments the decrease in biomass-specific activity due to decrease in temperature can be described by an activation energy of 64 ± 28 kJ mol-1. Prolonged cultivation (months) implies that cultivation at low temperatures resulted in deterioration of biomass-specific activity (EaLT 239 kJ mol-1). The growth rate and specific anammox activity in the system decreased from 0.33 d-1 and 4.47 g NO2-N g VSS-1 d-1 at 30°C to 0.0011 d-1 and 0.037 g NO2-N g VSS-1 d-1 at 20°C. The reason for the deterioration of the system was related to the required long SRT in the system. The long SRT leads to an increase of non-active and non-anammox cells in the reactor, thereby decreasing the biomass-specific activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Hoekstra
- a Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Florence A de Weerd
- a Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Kleerebezem
- a Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- a Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences , Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands
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Zhang X, Chen Z, Ma Y, Zhou Y, Zhao S, Wang L, Zhai H. Influence of elevated Zn (II) on Anammox system: Microbial variation and zinc tolerance. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 251:108-113. [PMID: 29272769 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen removal by anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) has attracted increasing attention in nowadays. An Anammox biofilter was subjected to a continuous loading of elevated Zn (II). The influence of Zn (II) on the nitrogen removal, microbial community and biofilm property was investigated in the condition of 23-26 °C and 3.5 h HRT. The nitrogen removal greatly decreased to 0.054 from the initial 0.502 kg m-3 d-1, with the Zn (II) addition. Anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AAOB) had self-adaption to Zn (II) in 1-10 mg L-1 and was significantly enhanced after long-term acclimatization, while the suppression threshold was 20 mg L-1. Soluble microbial products (SMP) increased correspondingly with Zn (II), while extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) climbed up initially and then decreased. Anammox biofilm performed the highest zinc adsorption as 158.27 mg g-1 SS in biofilm. High Zn (II) improved the microbial diversity and lowered the Candidatus Kuenenia abuandance to 1.38% from 20.89%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Zhao Chen
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yongpeng Ma
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Siyu Zhao
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hanfei Zhai
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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46
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Giustinianovich EA, Campos JL, Roeckel MD, Estrada AJ, Mosquera-Corral A, Val Del Río Á. Influence of biomass acclimation on the performance of a partial nitritation-anammox reactor treating industrial saline effluents. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 194:131-138. [PMID: 29197816 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The performance of the partial nitritation/anammox processes was evaluated for the treatment of fish canning effluents. A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was fed with industrial wastewater, with variable salt and total ammonium nitrogen (TAN) concentrations in the range of 1.75-18.00 g-NaCl L-1 and 112 - 267 mg-TAN L-1. The SBR operation was divided into two experiments: (A) progressive increase of salt concentrations from 1.75 to 18.33 g-NaCl L-1; (B) direct application of high salt concentration (18 g-NaCl L-1). The progressive increase of NaCl concentration provoked the inhibition of the anammox biomass by up to 94% when 18 g-NaCl L-1 were added. The stable operation of the processes was achieved after 154 days when the nitrogen removal rate was 0.021 ± 0.007 g N/L·d (corresponding to 30% of removal efficiency). To avoid the development of NOB activity at low salt concentrations and to stabilize the performance of the processes dissolved oxygen was supplied by intermittent aeration. A greater removal rate of 0.029 ± 0.017 g-N L-1 d-1 was obtained with direct exposure of the inoculum to 18 g-NaCl L-1 in less than 40 days. Also, higher specific activities than those from the inoculum were achieved for salt concentrations of 15 and 20 g-NaCl L-1 after 39 days of operation. This first study of the performance of the partial nitritation/anammox processes, to treat saline wastewaters, indicates that the acclimation period can be avoided to shorten the start-up period for industrial application purposes. Nevertheless, further experiments are needed in order to improve the efficiency of the processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José-Luis Campos
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Marlene D Roeckel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alejandro J Estrada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Anuska Mosquera-Corral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángeles Val Del Río
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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47
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Wang X, Gao D. The transformation from anammox granules to deammonification granules in micro-aerobic system by facilitating indigenous ammonia oxidizing bacteria. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 250:439-448. [PMID: 29195156 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Granular deammonification process is a good way to retain aerobic and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB and anammox bacteria) and exhaust flocculent nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). In this study, to facilitate indigenous AOB growth on anammox granules, by stepwise reducing influent nitrite, anammox granules were effectively transformed into deammonification granules in a micro-aerobic EGSB in 100 days. Total nitrogen removal efficiency of 90% and nitrogen removal rate of 2.3 g N/L/d were reached at stable deammonification stage. High influent FA and limited oxygen supply contributed suppression for Nitrospira-like NOB. In transition stages, Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi were always dominated. Anammox abundance decreased, while AOB abundance grew fast. Anammox bacteria and AOB were dominated by Brocadia fulgida and Nitrosomonas europaea, respectively. Denitrification activity and bacteria existed although without influent organic. The final AOB abundance was about 4.55-13.8 times more than anammox bacteria abundance, with almost equal potential activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dawen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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48
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Reino C, Suárez-Ojeda ME, Pérez J, Carrera J. Stable long-term operation of an upflow anammox sludge bed reactor at mainstream conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 128:331-340. [PMID: 29117586 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The efforts for implementing the anammox process at mainstream conditions with high nitrogen removal rates have gained much attention in the race for achieving an energy-positive urban wastewater treatment plant. Here, the successful and stable long-term operation of an Upflow Anammox Sludge Bed (UAnSB) reactor treating a low-strength synthetic influent amended with ammonium and nitrite for 420 days, and a nitrite-amended pre-treated real urban wastewater for 110 days at temperatures as low as 11 °C is presented. The short and long-term effects of temperature on anammox activity were assessed when the synthetic influent was treated, and the UAnSB reactor was demonstrated to be a robust reactor to confront low temperatures, typically found at mainstream conditions. In fact, a nitrogen loading rate as high as 1.8 ± 0.1 g N L-1 d-1 with 82 ± 4% of nitrogen removal was achieved at 11 °C treating the low-strength synthetic influent. Furthermore, the effect of treating a nitrite-amended pre-treated real urban wastewater at 11 °C at long-term in the UAnSB reactor was evaluated, and a stable operation was achieved with a high average nitrogen removal rate (1.2 ± 0.5 g N L-1 d-1). The relative abundance of anammox bacteria was maintained higher than 70% according to fluorescence in situ hybridization during the whole operation, being Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans the predominant microbial species. The presence of heterotrophs in the sludge bed was surmised through heterotrophic batch tests, but anammox activity was demonstrated to be higher than heterotrophic activity, even when the synthetic influent was replaced by the nitrite-amended pre-treated real wastewater. The feasibility of operating an enriched anammox reactor at high nitrogen removal rate at long-term at mainstream conditions was demonstrated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Reino
- GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Ed. Q-Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Eugenia Suárez-Ojeda
- GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Ed. Q-Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Pérez
- GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Ed. Q-Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Carrera
- GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Ed. Q-Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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49
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Nitrite oxidizing bacteria suppression based on in-situ free nitrous acid production at mainstream conditions. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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50
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Reino C, van Loosdrecht MCM, Carrera J, Pérez J. Effect of temperature on N 2O emissions from a highly enriched nitrifying granular sludge performing partial nitritation of a low-strength wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 185:336-343. [PMID: 28704665 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the race to achieve a sustainable urban wastewater treatment plant, not only the energy requirements have to be considered but also the environmental impact of the facility. Thus, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are a key-factor to pay attention to, since they can dominate the total greenhouse gases emissions from biological wastewater treatment. In this study, N2O production factors were calculated during the operation of a granular sludge airlift reactor performing partial nitritation treating a low-strength synthetic influent, and furthermore, the effect of temperature on N2O production was assessed. Average gas emission relative to conversion of ammonium was 1.5 ± 0.3% and 3.7 ± 0.5% while the effluent contained 0.5 ± 0.1% and 0.7 ± 0.1% (% N-oxidized) at 10 and 20 °C, respectively. Hence, temperature increase resulted in higher N2O production. The reasons why high temperature favoured N2O production remained unclear, but different theoretical hypotheses were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Reino
- GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Ed. Q-Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Julián Carrera
- GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Ed. Q-Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Pérez
- GENOCOV Research Group, Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Ed. Q-Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
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