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Maculewicz J, Białk-Bielińska A, Kowalska D, Stepnowski P, Stolte S, Beil S, Gajewicz-Skretna A, Dołżonek J. Bioconcentration potential of ionic liquids: New data on membrane partitioning and its comparison with predictions obtained by COSMOmic. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184320. [PMID: 38583701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2024.184320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have recently gained significant attention in both the scientific community and industry, but there is a limited understanding of the potential risks they might pose to the environment and human health, including their potential to accumulate in organisms. While membrane and storage lipids have been considered as primary sorption phases driving bioaccumulation, in this study we used an in vitro tool known as solid-supported lipid membranes (SSLMs) to investigate the affinity of ILs to membrane lipid - phosphatidylcholine and compare the results with an existing in silico model. Our findings indicate that ILs may have a strong affinity for the lipids that form cell membranes, with the key factor being the length of the cation's side chain. For quaternary ammonium cations, increase in membrane affinity (logMA) was observed from 3.45 ± 0.06 at 10 carbon atoms in chain to 4.79 ± 0.06 at 14 carbon atoms. We also found that the anion can significantly affect the membrane partitioning of the cation, even though the anions themselves tend to have weaker interactions with phospholipids than the cations of ILs. For 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium cation the presence of tricyanomethanide anion caused increase in logMA to 4.23 ± 0.06. Although some of our data proved to be consistent with predictions made by the COSMOmic model, there are also significant discrepancies. These results suggest that further research is needed to improve our understanding of the mechanisms and structure-activity relationships involved in ILs bioconcentration and to develop more accurate predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Maculewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Białk-Bielińska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dorota Kowalska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Institute of Water Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Beil
- Institute of Water Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Gajewicz-Skretna
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemoinformatics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Dołżonek
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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2
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Zhao L, Teng M, Zhao X, Li Y, Sun J, Zhao W, Ruan Y, Leung KMY, Wu F. Insight into the binding model of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to proteins and membranes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 175:107951. [PMID: 37126916 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have elicited much concern because of their ubiquitous distribution in the environment and the potential hazards they pose to wildlife and human health. Although an increasing number of effective PFAS alternatives are available in the market, these alternatives bring new challenges. This paper comprehensively reviews how PFASs bind to transport proteins (e.g., serum albumin, liver fatty acid transport proteins and organic acid transporters), nuclear receptors (e.g., peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, thyroid hormone receptors and reproductive hormone receptors) and membranes (e.g., cell membrane and mitochondrial membrane). Briefly, the hydrophobic fluorinated carbon chains of PFASs occupy the binding cavities of the target proteins, and the acid groups of PFASs form hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues. Various structural features of PFAS alternatives such as chlorine atom substitution, oxygen atom insertion and a branched structure, introduce variations in their chain length and hydrophobicity, which potentially change the affinity of PFAS alternatives for endogenous proteins. The toxic effects and mechanisms of action of legacy PFASs can be demonstrated and compared with their alternatives using binding models. In future studies, in vitro experiments and in silico quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling should be better integrated to allow more reliable toxicity predictions for both legacy and alternative PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Wentian Zhao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Kenneth M Y Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Zhou M, Yang H, Li H, Gu L, Zhou Y, Li M. The effects of molecular weight and orientation on the membrane permeation and partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:2158-2166. [PMID: 35005759 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04777a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Membrane permeation and the partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are crucial aspects affecting their carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. However, a clear understanding of these processes is still rare due to the difficulty of determining the details experimentally. Here, the interactions between PAHs and lipid bilayers were studied by molecular simulations, mainly to check the influence of molecular weight and orientation. The liposome-water partition coefficient (KLW), transmembrane time (τ), and permeability coefficient (P) of the PAHs were calculated by integrating free energy profiles from umbrella sampling. For selected PAHs, the membrane adsorption is a spontaneous process. The preferred location is near the CC bond and the orientation is related to the molecular structure. The P values of all the PAHs are basically the same order of magnitude, which means that the molecular weight contributes little to the process. As for KLW and τ, they show obvious increases with different molecular weights. Unconstrained simulations showed that a flat orientation on the membrane surface would prevent PAHs from being transported through the membrane. Highly hydrophobic driving forces are not always good for the absorption of PAHs, especially the formation of aggregates. In addition, the orientations and energetic barriers of PAHs near the midplane of the lipid bilayer explain the different transitions of high- and low-weight PAHs. This work provides molecular level details relating to the interactions of PAHs with lipid membranes, with significance for understanding the health effects of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.,Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, 621900 Mianyang, China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, 621900 Mianyang, China.
| | - Huarong Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, 621900 Mianyang, China.
| | - Lingzhi Gu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, 621900 Mianyang, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, 621900 Mianyang, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, 621900 Mianyang, China.
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4
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Niu XZ, Field JA, Paniego R, Pepel RD, Chorover J, Abrell L, Sierra-Alvarez R. Bioconcentration potential and microbial toxicity of onium cations in photoacid generators. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:8915-8921. [PMID: 33400114 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread utilization of onium salts as photoacid generators (PAGs) in semiconductor photolithography, their environmental, health, and safety (EHS) properties remain poorly understood. The present work reports the bioconcentration potential of five representative onium species (four sulfonium and one iodonium compound) by determining the octanol-water partition coefficient (POW) and lipid membrane affinity coefficient (KMA); microbial toxicity was evaluated using the bioluminescent bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri (Microtox bioassay). Four of the oniums exhibited varying degrees of hydrophobic (lipophilic) partitioning (log POW: 0.08-4.12; KMA: 1.70-5.62). A strong positive linear correlation was observed between log POW and KMA (KMA = log POW + 1.76, R2 = 0.99). The bioconcentration factors (log BCF) estimated from POW and KMA for the four oniums ranged from 0.13 to 3.67 L kg-1. Bis-(4-tert-butyl phenyl)-iodonium and triphenylsulfonium had 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 4.8 and 84.6 μM, whereas the IC50 values of the other three oniums were not determined because these values were higher than their aqueous solubility. Given the increased regulatory scrutiny regarding the use and potential health impacts from onium PAGs, this study fulfills critical knowledge gaps concerning the EHS properties of PAG oniums, enabling more comprehensive evaluation of their environmental impacts and potential risk management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Zhi Niu
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1133 James E. Rogers Way, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Department of Environmental Science & Arizona Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jim A Field
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1133 James E. Rogers Way, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Rodrigo Paniego
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1133 James E. Rogers Way, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Richard D Pepel
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1133 James E. Rogers Way, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jon Chorover
- Department of Environmental Science & Arizona Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Leif Abrell
- Department of Environmental Science & Arizona Laboratory for Emerging Contaminants, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Reyes Sierra-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1133 James E. Rogers Way, P.O. Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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Maculewicz J, Świacka K, Kowalska D, Stepnowski P, Stolte S, Dołżonek J. In vitro methods for predicting the bioconcentration of xenobiotics in aquatic organisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 739:140261. [PMID: 32758962 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of anthropogenic chemical substances in aquatic organisms is an immensely important issue from the point of view of environmental protection. In the context of the increasing number and variety of compounds that may potentially enter the environment, there is a need for efficient and reliable solutions to assess the risks. However, the classic approach of testing with fish or other animals is not sufficient. Due to very high costs, significant time and labour intensity, as well as ethical concerns, in vivo methods need to be replaced by new laboratory-based tools. So far, many models have been developed to estimate the bioconcentration potential of chemicals. However, most of them are not sufficiently reliable and their predictions are based on limited input data, often obtained with doubtful quality. The octanol-water partition coefficient is still often used as the main laboratory tool for estimating bioconcentration. However, according to current knowledge, this method can lead to very unreliable results, both for neutral species and, above all, for ionic compounds. It is therefore essential to start using new, more advanced and credible solutions on a large scale. Over the last years, many in vitro methods have been newly developed or improved, allowing for a much more adequate estimation of the bioconcentration potential. Therefore, the aim of this work was to review the most recent laboratory methods for assessing the bioconcentration potential and to evaluate their applicability in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Maculewicz
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Klaudia Świacka
- Department of Experimental Ecology of Marine Organisms, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Av. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Dorota Kowalska
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Hydrosciences, Institute of Water Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Joanna Dołżonek
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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Yang H, Li H, Zhou M, Wei T, Tang C, Liu L, Zhou Y, Long X. A relationship between membrane permeation and partitioning of nitroaromatic explosives and their functional groups. A computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:8791-8799. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00549e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitroaromatic explosives, such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, are representative aromatic compounds, which are generally highly toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
- Institute of Chemical Materials
| | - Huarong Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering and Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering and Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Tong Wei
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering and Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Can Tang
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering and Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Liu Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering and Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering and Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
| | - Xinping Long
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering and Physics
- Mianyang 621900
- China
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7
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Yang H, Zhou M, Li H, Liu L, Zhou Y, Long X. Collective absorption of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene into lipid membranes and its effects on bilayer properties. A computational study. RSC Adv 2019; 9:39046-39054. [PMID: 35540671 PMCID: PMC9075975 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08408h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely used explosive, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), is a highly toxic chemical, which can cause hepatitis, cataracts, jaundice and so on, in humans. The interaction between TNT and biological membranes is crucial for understanding its toxic effects. Here, we mainly focused on molecular-level mechanisms for the collective adsorption of TNT into lipid membranes and the corresponding effects on bilayer properties by all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. We revealed that TNT can readily form an aggregate in the aqueous phase and quickly approach the surface of the membrane. At low concentrations of TNT (7 mol%), the aggregate is unstable and breaks up after several nanoseconds, and then the dispersed TNT molecules enter the membrane alone. At high concentrations (14 mol%), the aggregate is adsorbed as a whole and remains stable inside the membrane. After some of the TNT is absorbed by the membrane, the remaining TNT across the membrane would have greater permeability, i.e., the calculated permeability coefficient (P) is increased from 1.7 × 10-2 to 18.3 cm s-1. Correspondingly, a higher bioconcentration factor (BCF) was also observed. The increased level is more pronounced in the presence of TNT aggregates (i.e., high concentrations). This phenomenon is closely related to the strong interaction between TNT molecules. The results suggested that TNT molecules that have entered into the membrane can facilitate the membrane uptake, permeation and bioaccumulation of subsequent TNT molecules, exhibiting a synergistic effect. This work has a certain significance for understanding the toxicity of TNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China.,Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering and Physics Mianyang 621900 China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering and Physics Mianyang 621900 China
| | - Huarong Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering and Physics Mianyang 621900 China
| | - Liu Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering and Physics Mianyang 621900 China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering and Physics Mianyang 621900 China
| | - Xinping Long
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering and Physics Mianyang 621900 China
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8
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Lin S, Yang X, Liu H. Development of liposome/water partition coefficients predictive models for neutral and ionogenic organic chemicals. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 179:40-49. [PMID: 31026749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Membrane/water partition coefficient (Km/w) is a vital parameter used to characterize the membrane permeability of compounds. Considering the Km/w value is difficult to observe experimentally for real biological membranes, liposome/water partition coefficient (Klip/w) is employed to approximate Km/w. Here, quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) models for logKlip/w of the neutral organic chemicals and the neutral form of ionogenic organic chemicals (IOCs) (logKlip/w-neutral), ionic form of IOCs (logKlip/w-ionic), the speciation-corrected liposome-water distribution ratios at a pH = 7.40 (logDlip/w-(pH=7.40)) were developed. In the modeling, two modeling methods (multiple linear regressions (MLR) and k-nearest neighbor (kNN)) were used. The predictive variables employed here could be calculated from the molecular structure directly. For logKlip/w-neutral and logDlip/w-(pH=7.40), the logKOW and logDOW-based, non-logKOW and non-logDOW-based kNN-QSPR and MLR-QSPR models were developed, respectively. The evaluation results implied that the predictive performance of kNN-QSPR models is better than that of MLR-QSPR models. For logKlip/w-ionic, only one acceptable MLR-QSPR model was developed for cation and anion, respectively. The model quality of the derived models was evaluated following the OECD QSPR models validation guideline. The determination coefficient (R2), leave-one-out cross validation Q2 (Q2LOO) and bootstrapping coefficient (Q2BOOT), the external validation coefficient (Q2EXT) of all the models met the acceptable criteria (Q2 > 0.600, R2 > 0.700); while the root-mean-square error (RMSE) range from 0.351 to 0.857. All the results implied that the models had good goodness-of-fit, robustness and predictive ability. Therefore, the developed models could be used to fill the data gap for substances within the applicability domain on their missing logKlip/w-neutral, logKlip/w-ionic, logDlip/w-(pH=7.40) values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Lin
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xianhai Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Huihui Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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9
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Yang H, Li H, Liu L, Zhou Y, Long X. Molecular Simulation Studies on the Interactions of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene and Its Metabolites with Lipid Membranes. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:6481-6491. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering and Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Huarong Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering and Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering and Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering and Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Xinping Long
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering and Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
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10
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Golius A, Gorb L, Isayev O, Leszczynski J. Diffusion of energetic compounds through biological membrane: Application of classical MD and COSMOmic approximations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:247-255. [PMID: 29301457 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1424037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Computational studies of the potential biological impact of several energetic compounds were performed. The most commonly used explosives were considered in the present studies: trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), and 5-Nitro-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (NTO). The effect of such factors as ionic strength and presence of DMSO in the water solution on the structure of the membrane were considered using the POPC lipid bilayer as an example. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that, even on a short-time scale, the influence of those additives is noticeable, and therefore those factors should always be taken into account. The MD and the COSMOmic approaches were used to elucidate the ability of the energetic compounds to penetrate the living cell. Calculated free energy profiles and partitioning coefficients revealed distributions of the compounds in the lipid bilayer as well as an overall ability to enter the cell. MD in this case provides a better representation of the free energy profile, while the COSMOmic approach works better to predict log(Klipw) values. The effect of the functional group was observed for the profiles that were obtained using the MD method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Golius
- a Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Science , Jackson State University , Jackson , Mississippi , USA
| | - Leonid Gorb
- b Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Olexander Isayev
- c Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry , Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , North Carolina , USA
| | - Jerzy Leszczynski
- a Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Science , Jackson State University , Jackson , Mississippi , USA
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