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Baima Ferreira Freitas I, Duarte-Neto PJ, Sorigotto LR, Cardoso Yoshii MP, de Palma Lopes LF, de Almeida Pereira MM, Girotto L, Badolato Athayde D, Veloso Goulart B, Montagner CC, Schiesari LC, Martinelli LA, Gaeta Espíndola EL. Effects of pasture intensification and sugarcane cultivation on non-target species: A realistic evaluation in pesticide-contaminated mesocosms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171425. [PMID: 38432384 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Conventional soil management in agricultural areas may expose non-target organisms living nearby to several types of contaminants. In this study, the effects of soil management in extensive pasture (EP), intensive pasture (IP), and sugarcane crops (C) were evaluated in a realistic-field-scale study. Thirteen aquatic mesocosms embedded in EP, IP, and C treatments were monitored over 392 days. The recommended management for each of the areas was simulated, such as tillage, fertilizer, pesticides (i.e. 2,4-D, fipronil) and vinasse application, and cattle pasture. To access the potential toxic effects that the different steps of soil management in these areas may cause, the cladoceran Ceriophania silvestrii was used as aquatic bioindicator, the dicot Eruca sativa as phytotoxicity bioindicator in water, and the dipteran Chironomus sancticaroli as sediment bioindicator. Generalized linear mixed models were used to identify differences between the treatments. Low concentrations of 2,4-D (<97 μg L-1) and fipronil (<0.21 μg L-1) in water were able to alter fecundity, female survival, and the intrinsic rate of population increase of C. silvestrii in IP and C treatments. Similarly, the dicot E. sativa had germination, shoot and root growth affected mainly by 2,4-D concentrations in the water. For C. sancticarolli, larval development was affected by the presence of fipronil (<402.6 ng g-1). The acidic pH (below 5) reduced the fecundity and female survival of C. silvestrii and affected the germination and growth of E. sativa. Fecundity and female survival of C. silvestrii decrease in the presence of phosphorus-containing elements. The outcomes of this study may improve our understanding of the consequences of exposure of freshwater biota to complex stressors in an environment that is rapidly and constantly changing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabele Baima Ferreira Freitas
- NEEA/SHS, Center of Ecotoxicology and Applied Ecology, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paulo José Duarte-Neto
- PPGBEA, Department of Statistics and Informatics, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Lais Roberta Sorigotto
- NEEA/SHS, Center of Ecotoxicology and Applied Ecology, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Cardoso Yoshii
- NEEA/SHS, Center of Ecotoxicology and Applied Ecology, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Laís Fernanda de Palma Lopes
- NEEA/SHS, Center of Ecotoxicology and Applied Ecology, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mickaelle Maria de Almeida Pereira
- PPGBEA, Department of Statistics and Informatics, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Laís Girotto
- NEEA/SHS, Center of Ecotoxicology and Applied Ecology, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Danillo Badolato Athayde
- NEEA/SHS, Center of Ecotoxicology and Applied Ecology, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Veloso Goulart
- LQA, Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Rua Josué de Castro, s/n, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Carolina Montagner
- LQA, Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Rua Josué de Castro, s/n, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Cesar Schiesari
- EACH, USP - School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Av. Arlindo Bétio 1000, 03828-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antônio Martinelli
- CENA, USP - Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Centenário 303, 13416-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola
- NEEA/SHS, Center of Ecotoxicology and Applied Ecology, Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Samia B, Della Puppa L, Mattei C, Durand A, Ravier S, Quivet E, Wortham H. Influence of pesticide mixture on their heterogeneous atmospheric degradation by ozone and OH radicals. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123351. [PMID: 38272169 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides in the atmosphere can exist in both gaseous and particulate phases due to their semi-volatile properties. They can undergo degradation when exposed to atmospheric oxidants like ozone and hydroxyl radicals. The majority of studies on the atmospheric reactivity of pesticides study them in combination, without considering potential mixture effects that could induce uncertainties in the results. Therefore, this study aims to address this gap, through laboratory studies using a flow reactor, and by evaluating the degradation kinetics of pendimethalin mixed with folpet, tebuconazole, and S-metolachlor, which were simultaneously adsorbed on hydrophobic silica particles that mimic atmospheric aerosols. The comparison with other mixtures, including pendimethalin, from the literature has shown similar reactivity with ozone and hydroxyl radicals, indicating that the degradation kinetics of pesticides is independent of the mixture. Moreover, the degradation rates of the four pesticides under study indicate that they are not or slightly degraded by ozone, with half-lives ranging from 29 days to over 800 days. In contrast, when exposed to hydroxyl radicals, tebuconazole exhibited the fastest reactivity, with a half-life of 4 days, while pendimethalin had a half-life of 17 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boulos Samia
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France
| | | | - Coraline Mattei
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Marseille, France
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3
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Vickneswaran M, Carolan JC, Saunders M, White B. Establishing the extent of pesticide contamination in Irish agricultural soils. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19416. [PMID: 37674820 PMCID: PMC10478240 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To establish meaningful and sustainable policy directives for sustainable pesticide use in agriculture, baseline knowledge of pesticide levels in soils is required. To address this, five pesticides and one metabolite widely used in Irish agriculture and five neonicotinoid compounds pesticides were screened from soils from 25 fields. These sites represented a diversity of soil and land use types. Prothioconazole was detected in 16 of the 18 sites where it had been recently applied, with the highest maximum concentration quantified of 46 μg/kg. However, a week after application only four fields had prothioconazole concentrations above the limit of quantification (LOQ). Fluroxypyr was applied in 11 sites but was not detected above LOQ. Glyphosate and AMPA were not detected. Interestingly, neonicotinoids were detected in 96% of all sampling sites, even though they were not reported as recently applied. Excluding neonicotinoids, 60% of sites were found to contain pesticide residues of compounds that were not previously applied, with boscalid and azoxystrobin detected in 15 of the 25 sites sampled. The total number of pesticides detected in Irish soils were significantly negatively correlated with clay fraction, while average pesticide concentrations were significantly positively correlated with log Kow values. 17 fields were found to have total pesticide concentrations in excess of 0.5 μg/kg, even when recently applied pesticides were removed from calculations. Theoretical consideration of quantified pesticides determined that azoxystrobin has high leaching risk, while boscalid, which was detected but not applied, has an accumulation risk. This information provides insight into the current level of pesticide contamination in Irish agricultural soil and contributes to the European-level effort to understand potential impacts of pesticide contamination in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James C. Carolan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Matthew Saunders
- Department of Botany, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Blánaid White
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
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4
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Kannan N. An analysis of the climate change effects on pesticide vapor drift from ground-based pesticide applications to cotton. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9740. [PMID: 37328554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vapor drift of applied pesticides is an increasing concern. Among the major crops cultivated in the Lower Mississippi Delta (LMD), cotton receives most of the pesticides. An investigation was carried out to determine the likely changes in pesticide vapor drift (PVD) as a result of climate change that occurred during the cotton growing season in LMD. This will help to better understand the consequences and prepare for the future climate. Pesticide vapor drift is a two-step process: (a) volatilization of the applied pesticide to vapors and (b) mixing of the vapors with the atmosphere and their transport in the downwind direction. This study dealt with the volatilization part alone. Daily values of maximum and minimum air temperature, averages of relative humidity, wind speed, wet bulb depression and vapor pressure deficit for 56 years from 1959 to 2014 were used for the trend analysis. Wet bulb depression (WBD), indicative of evaporation potential, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), indicative of the capacity of atmospheric air to accept vapors, were estimated using air temperature and relative humidity (RH). The calendar year weather dataset was trimmed to the cotton growing season based on the results of a precalibrated RZWQM for LMD. The modified Mann Kendall test, Pettitt test and Sen's slope were included in the trend analysis suite using 'R'. The likely changes in volatilization/PVD under climate change were estimated as (a) average qualitative change in PVD for the entire growing season and (b) quantitative changes in PVD at different pesticide application periods during the cotton growing season. Our analysis showed marginal to moderate increases in PVD during most parts of the cotton growing season as a result of climate change patterns of air temperature and RH during the cotton growing season in LMD. Estimated increased volatilization of the postemergent herbicide S-metolachlor application during the middle of July appears to be a concern in the last 20 years that exhibits climate alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Kannan
- Pollinator Health in Southern Crop Ecosystems Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA.
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Cech R, Zaller JG, Lyssimachou A, Clausing P, Hertoge K, Linhart C. Pesticide drift mitigation measures appear to reduce contamination of non-agricultural areas, but hazards to humans and the environment remain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158814. [PMID: 36115411 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide drift onto non-agricultural land is a common problem in intensively farmed regions, and national action plans have been established across Europe to prevent it. Here, we analyzed official data on pesticide residues in grass samples collected over six years to determine whether implemented measures to reduce pesticide drift were effective. We used 306 samples collected between 2014 and 2020 on non-agricultural land in one of the most intensively managed apple and wine growing regions in Europe, the Autonomous Province of Bolzano-South Tyrol, Italy. Samples were analyzed for up to 314 substances by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Percentage of sites with multiple pesticides and number of pesticides decreased between 2014 and 2020. Fungicides were most often detected, with fluazinam found on 74 % and captan on 60 % of the contaminated sites (53 sites out of a total of 88 sites were contaminated). The most frequently found insecticide, phosmet, was detected in 49 % of the contaminated sites. Only one herbicide, oxadiazon, was detected in <1 % of the sites; glyphosate was not analyzed. The percentage of residues with human hazard properties increased significantly across years regarding reproductive toxicity (from 21 % of the detected substances in 2014 to 88 % in 2020) and specific target organ toxicity (0 % in 2014 to 21 % in 2020). Percentages of substances associated with endocrine-disruption (89 % of substances across years) or carcinogenic properties (45 % of substances across years) remained constant. The percentage of sites where concentrations in grass samples exceeded the surrogate maximum residue levels (MRLs) for lettuce also remained constant. Potential ecotoxicological hazards of detected residues regarding acute contact toxicity to honeybees remained high over the study years, while the acute and chronic toxicity to earthworms decreased. Our results suggest that while drift mitigation measures contributed some reduction in pesticide contamination, they were not sufficient to eliminate substantial risks to human health and the environment in nontarget areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Cech
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann G Zaller
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Angeliki Lyssimachou
- Health and Environment Alliance (HEAL), Rue de la Charité 22, B-1210 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Peter Clausing
- Pesticide Action Network Germany, Nernstweg 32, 22765 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Koen Hertoge
- Pesticide Action Network Europe, 67 Rue de la Pacification, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Linhart
- Pesticide Action Network Europe, 67 Rue de la Pacification, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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Zaller JG, Kruse-Plaß M, Schlechtriemen U, Gruber E, Peer M, Nadeem I, Formayer H, Hutter HP, Landler L. Pesticides in ambient air, influenced by surrounding land use and weather, pose a potential threat to biodiversity and humans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156012. [PMID: 35597361 PMCID: PMC7614392 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about (i) how numbers and concentrations of airborne pesticide residues are influenced by land use, interactions with meteorological parameters, or by substance-specific chemo-physical properties, and (ii) what potential toxicological hazards this could pose to non-target organisms including humans. We installed passive air samplers (polyurethane PUF and polyester PEF filter matrices) in 15 regions with different land uses in eastern Austria for up to 8 months. Samples were analyzed for 566 substances by gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry. We analyzed relationships between frequency and concentrations of pesticides, land use, meteorological parameters, substance properties, and season. We found totally 67 pesticide active ingredients (24 herbicides, 30 fungicides, 13 insecticides) with 10-53 pesticides per site. Herbicides metolachlor, pendimethalin, prosulfocarb, terbuthylazine, and the fungicide HCB were found in all PUF samplers, and glyphosate in all PEF samplers; chlorpyrifos-ethyl was the most abundant insecticide found in 93% of the samplers. Highest concentrations showed the herbicide prosulfocarb (725 ± 1218 ng sample-1), the fungicide folpet (412 ± 465 ng sample-1), and the insecticide chlorpyrifos-ethyl (110 ± 98 ng sample-1). Pesticide numbers and concentrations increased with increasing proportions of arable land in the surroundings. However, pesticides were also found in two National Parks (10 and 33 pesticides) or a city center (17 pesticides). Pesticide numbers and concentrations changed between seasons and correlated with land use, temperature, radiation, and wind, but were unaffected by substance volatility. Potential ecotoxicological exposure of mammals, birds, earthworms, fish, and honeybees increased with increasing pesticide numbers and concentrations. Human toxicity potential of detected pesticides was high, with averaged 54% being acutely toxic, 39% reproduction toxic, 24% cancerogenic, and 10% endocrine disrupting. This widespread pesticide air pollution indicates that current environmental risk assessments, field application techniques, protective measures, and regulations are inadequate to protect the environment and humans from potentially harmful exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann G Zaller
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maren Kruse-Plaß
- TIEM Integrated Environmental Monitoring, 95615 Marktredwitz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schlechtriemen
- TIEM Integrated Environmental Monitoring, Hohenzollernstr. 20, 44135 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Edith Gruber
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Peer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Imran Nadeem
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Peter-Jordan Straße 82, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Formayer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, Peter-Jordan Straße 82, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Hutter
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Landler
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
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7
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An Q, Wu Y, Li D, Hao X, Pan C, Rein A. Development and application of a numerical dynamic model for pesticide residues in apple orchards. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2679-2692. [PMID: 35365948 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited understanding of the fate of pesticides in apple orchards may lead to recurring pests or pose risks to food safety. In this study, through a field experiment conducted in an apple orchard, a dynamic plant uptake model, coupled with a soil water model, was developed to simulate measured pesticide concentrations in soil and different plant compartments. RESULTS Results showed that the overall model could adequately describe the data set of four pesticides in the apple orchard. An estimated 15%-24.7% of applied pesticides were deposited on leaves and 0.37%-0.58% on fruits. Decreasing pesticide concentrations in fruits were observed after pesticide application, with 9.6%-64.8% of this decrease explained by biodegradation, 29.8%-75.8% by fruit growth dilution and 11.3%-47.6% by wash-off. Furthermore, a first estimation of dietary risks indicated that ingestion of the apples may not represent an acute or chronic risk to human health. CONCLUSION The dynamic plant uptake model, coupled with the tipping buckets soil water model, could successfully be fitted to describe to the data set for the fate of four pesticides applied in an apple orchard. The contribution of different pathways to pesticide concentration was highly influenced by precipitation, fruit growth dilution and the characteristics of different pesticides. This model can improve our understanding of pesticide fate in apple orchards and has great potential for supporting food safety assessment and decision-making to minimize impacts arising from pesticide applications. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanshun An
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangliu Wu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Li
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghong Hao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Canping Pan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Arno Rein
- Chair of Hydrogeology, TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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8
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Vannier C, Chevrier C, Hubert-Moy L. Role of land use and land cover in residential exposures to agricultural pesticide models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:355-376. [PMID: 32393061 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1759029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of the general population to pesticides, especially in agricultural areas, is a major public health concern. This review analyses the role of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) in Residential Exposure to Agricultural Pesticides (REAP) and how it is measured and modelled. Some epidemiological studies have shown that basic LULC variables, such as distance to a crop and field size, are relevant for explaining REAP. However, the potential of LULC mitigation elements, such as vegetation barriers, grassy strips and buffer zones, to mitigate REAP has been poorly studied. The availability of recent low-cost and high-quality geospatial data enables REAP models to include alternative and more precise LULC variables. This review also highlights the need for (i) generic environmental sampling protocols, (ii) exposure and spraying datasets and (iii) assessment of the mitigation capacity of LULC to improve REAP modelling significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Vannier
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, LETG - UMR 6554, Rennes, France
- Department of Geography, College of Science, University of Canterbury - Te Whare Wananga O Waitaha, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Cécile Chevrier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut De Recherche En Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
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9
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Vickneswaran M, Carolan JC, White B. Simultaneous determination of pesticides from soils: a comparison between QuEChERS extraction and Dutch mini-Luke extraction methods. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5638-5650. [PMID: 34787125 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01248g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The expanding nature of the agricultural sector has fuelled the intensification of plant protection products usage, including pesticides. These pesticides may persist in soils, necessitating their accurate determination in a variety of soil types. However, due to their complex nature, the effective extraction of pesticide residues from soil matrices can present challenges to pesticide detection and quantification. This research compared two well-known extraction methods, QuEChERS and Dutch mini-Luke, by assessing their specificity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision and reproducibility in extracting seven distinct pesticides with a range of chemico-physical characteristics from Irish soils. The HPLC-UV conditions were optimised to separate the seven pesticides, and it was shown that both extraction methods successfully extracted neonicotinoids with recovery values ranging between 85 and 115%. Fluroxypyr and prothioconazole could not be efficiently extracted using QuEChERS, however, the recovery values of both the analytes ranged between 59 and 117% using Dutch mini-Luke. Furthermore, with the exception of prothioconazole using Dutch mini-Luke, both extraction methods resulted in reproducibility and precision values below or equal to 20%. Lastly, Dutch mini-Luke is noted to have a lower matrix effect than QuEChERS, except for prothioconazole. The comparison results showed that Dutch mini-Luke resulted in superior method sensitivity, better recovery, and lower matrix effect towards most investigated analytes and was the only extraction technique that successfully extracted all pesticides analysed in soil matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James C Carolan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Blánaid White
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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10
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Benzing A, Piepho HP, Malik WA, Finckh MR, Mittelhammer M, Strempel D, Jaschik J, Neuendorff J, Guamán L, Mancheno J, Melo L, Pavón O, Cangahuamín R, Ullauri JC. Appropriate sampling methods and statistics can tell apart fraud from pesticide drift in organic farming. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14776. [PMID: 34285248 PMCID: PMC8292382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticide residues are much lower in organic than in conventional food. The article summarizes the available residue data from the EU and the U.S. organic market. Differences between samples from several sources suggest that organic products are declared conventional, when they have residues—but the origin of the residues is not always investigated. A large number of samples are being tested by organic certifiers, but the sampling methods often do not allow to determine if such residues stem from prohibited pesticide use by organic farmers, from mixing organic with conventional products, from short-range spray-drift from neighbour farms, from the ubiquitous presence of such substances due to long-distance drift, or from other sources of contamination. Eight case studies from different crops and countries are used to demonstrate that sampling at different distances from possible sources of short-distance drift in most cases allows differentiating deliberate pesticide application by the organic farmer from drift. Datasets from 67 banana farms in Ecuador, where aerial fungicide spraying leads to a heavy drift problem, were subjected to statistical analysis. A linear discriminant function including four variables was identified for distinguishing under these conditions application from drift, with an accuracy of 93.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans-Peter Piepho
- Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Waqas Ahmed Malik
- Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maria R Finckh
- Department of Ecological Crop Protection, University of Kassel, Nordbahnhofstr. 1a, 37213, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | | | | | - Johannes Jaschik
- Eurofins Dr. Specht International GmbH, Am Neulaender Gewerbepark 2, 21079, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Neuendorff
- Gesellschaft für Ressourcenschutz (GfRS), Prinzenstr. 4, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - José Mancheno
- CERES GmbH, Vorderhaslach 1, 91230, Happurg, Germany
| | - Luis Melo
- CERES GmbH, Vorderhaslach 1, 91230, Happurg, Germany
| | - Omar Pavón
- CERES GmbH, Vorderhaslach 1, 91230, Happurg, Germany
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11
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Singh A, Maji A, Joshi M, Choudhury AR, Ghosh K. Designed pincer ligand supported Co(II)-based catalysts for dehydrogenative activation of alcohols: Studies on N-alkylation of amines, α-alkylation of ketones and synthesis of quinolines. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8567-8587. [PMID: 34075925 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03748f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Base-metal catalysts Co1, Co2 and Co3 were synthesized from designed pincer ligands L1, L2 and L3 having NNN donor atoms respectively. Co1, Co2 and Co3 were characterized by IR, UV-Vis. and ESI-MS spectroscopic studies. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies were investigated to authenticate the molecular structures of Co1 and Co3. Catalysts Co1, Co2 and Co3 were utilized to study the dehydrogenative activation of alcohols for N-alkylation of amines, α-alkylation of ketones and synthesis of quinolines. Under optimized reaction conditions, a broad range of substrates including alcohols, anilines and ketones were exploited. A series of control experiments for N-alkylation of amines, α-alkylation of ketones and synthesis of quinolines were examined to understand the reaction pathway. ESI-MS spectral studies were investigated to characterize cobalt-alkoxide and cobalt-hydride intermediates. Reduction of styrene by evolved hydrogen gas during the reaction was investigated to authenticate the dehydrogenative nature of the catalysts. Probable reaction pathways were proposed for N-alkylation of amines, α-alkylation of ketones and synthesis of quinolines on the basis of control experiments and detection of reaction intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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12
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Evaluation of Drift-Reducing Nozzles for Pesticide Application in Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.). AGRIENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/agriengineering3020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Spraying pesticides using air induction nozzles is a well-known method to reduce drift. These drift-reducing nozzles have been tested on many different tree crops (such as apples, citrus, and grapes), but we are still lacking information on their utilization on hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) groves, although hazelnut is a major nut crop in Italy, and in recent years its cultivated area has been constantly growing. This paper reports a comparison between treatments carried out with cone and flat-fan low-drift nozzles versus two conventional nozzles. The distribution quality, the number of droplets per cm2 of the target area, and the drift in non-target trees adjacent to those treated were evaluated by analyzing the impact of the droplets on water-sensitive papers placed on the tree canopies. The results show that because no significative differences in terms of application quality were found between the tested nozzles, low-drift nozzles can be a good alternative to the standard nozzles to reduce the drift of pesticide applications in hazelnuts without altering the chosen distribution of the pesticide.
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13
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Zhang C, Sun X, Tan W, Peng H. Atmospheric oxidation of Folpet initiated by OH radicals, NO 3 radicals, and O 3. RSC Adv 2021; 11:2346-2352. [PMID: 35424196 PMCID: PMC8693721 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09429c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The fate of Folpet is dictated by oxidation initiated by atmospheric oxidants such as O3, OH, and NO3 radicals. Considering the oxidant concentration in the atmosphere, Folpet seems to be mainly scavenged by NO3 radicals, especially at night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering
- Binzhou University
- Binzhou 256600
- P. R.China
- Environment Research Institute
| | - Xiaomin Sun
- Environment Research Institute
- Shandong University
- Qingdao 266200
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Tan
- Shandong Provincial Eco-environment Monitoring Center
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
| | - Hengjun Peng
- Logistics Support Department
- Shandong University
- Jinan 250100
- P. R. China
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14
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Das S, Hageman KJ. Influence of Adjuvants on Pesticide Soil-Air Partition Coefficients: Laboratory Measurements and Predicted Effects on Volatilization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:7302-7308. [PMID: 32436696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A solid-phase fugacity meter was used to measure the soil-air partition coefficients of three semivolatile pesticides (chlorpyrifos, pyrimethanil, and trifluralin) in the absence of additional adjuvants (Ksoil-air,AI), as part of commercial formulations (Ksoil-air,formulation), and as formulation mixtures with an additional spray adjuvant added (Ksoil-air,formulation+spray adjuvant). Chlorpyrifos Ksoil-air,formulation values were also measured over 15-30 °C, allowing for the change in internal energy of the phase transfer reaction (Δsoil-airU) to be calculated and compared to the Δsoil-airU for Ksoil-air,AI from the literature. Measured Ksoil-air values were then used as input parameters in a pesticide volatilization model to understand how their variability affects pesticide volatilization rates under different conditions. Initial experiments conducted at ∼24 °C indicated that all pesticides volatilized more readily in the presence of adjuvants than in their absence and that the additional spray adjuvant had minimal impact. The Δsoil-airU values were 328 and 90 kJ/mol for chlorpyrifos in the absence and presence of formulation adjuvants, respectively, suggesting that adjuvants may weaken or disrupt intermolecular attractions between pesticide molecules and soil. At temperatures below 24.5 °C, modeled chlorpyrifos volatilization rates were higher in the presence of adjuvants than in their absence; however, the opposite occurred at temperatures above 24.5 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supta Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9010, New Zealand
| | - Kimberly J Hageman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-1400, United States
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15
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Wages PA, Joshi P, Tallman KA, Kim HYH, Bowman AB, Porter NA. Screening ToxCast™ for Chemicals That Affect Cholesterol Biosynthesis: Studies in Cell Culture and Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neuroprogenitors. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:17014. [PMID: 31985273 PMCID: PMC7015578 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in cholesterol metabolism are common hallmarks of neurodevelopmental pathologies. A diverse array of genetic disorders of cholesterol metabolism support this claim as do multiple lines of research that demonstrate chemical inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis compromises neurodevelopment. Recent work has revealed that a number of commonly used pharmaceuticals induce changes in cholesterol metabolism that are similar to changes induced by genetic disorders with devastating neurodevelopmental deficiencies. OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that common environmental toxicants may also impair cholesterol metabolism and thereby possibly contribute to neurodevelopmental toxicity. METHODS Using high-throughput screening with a targeted lipidomic analysis and the mouse neuroblastoma cell line, Neuro-2a, the ToxCast™ chemical library was screened for compounds that impact sterol metabolism. Validation of chemical effects was conducted by assessing cholesterol biosynthesis in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neuroprogenitors using an isotopically labeled cholesterol precursor and by monitoring product formation with UPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS Twenty-nine compounds were identified as validated lead-hits, and four were prioritized for further study (endosulfan sulfate, tributyltin chloride, fenpropimorph, and spiroxamine). All four compounds were validated to cause hypocholesterolemia in Neuro-2a cells. The morpholine-like fungicides, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine, mirrored their Neuro-2a activity in four immortalized human cell lines and in a human neuroprogenitor model derived from hiPSCs, but endosulfan sulfate and tributyltin chloride did not. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal the existence of environmental compounds that interrupt cholesterol biosynthesis and that methodologically hiPSC neuroprogenitor cells provide a particularly sensitive system to monitor the effect of small molecules on de novo cholesterol formation. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5053.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip A. Wages
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Piyush Joshi
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keri A. Tallman
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hye-Young H. Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Ned A. Porter
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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16
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Hendriks CMJ, Gibson HS, Trett A, Python A, Weiss DJ, Vrieling A, Coleman M, Gething PW, Hancock PA, Moyes CL. Mapping Geospatial Processes Affecting the Environmental Fate of Agricultural Pesticides in Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3523. [PMID: 31547208 PMCID: PMC6801543 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of agricultural pesticides in Africa can have negative effects on human health and the environment. The aim of this study was to identify African environments that are vulnerable to the accumulation of pesticides by mapping geospatial processes affecting pesticide fate. The study modelled processes associated with the environmental fate of agricultural pesticides using publicly available geospatial datasets. Key geospatial processes affecting the environmental fate of agricultural pesticides were selected after a review of pesticide fate models and maps for leaching, surface runoff, sedimentation, soil storage and filtering capacity, and volatilization were created. The potential and limitations of these maps are discussed. We then compiled a database of studies that measured pesticide residues in Africa. The database contains 10,076 observations, but only a limited number of observations remained when a standard dataset for one compound was extracted for validation. Despite the need for more in-situ data on pesticide residues and application, this study provides a first spatial overview of key processes affecting pesticide fate that can be used to identify areas potentially vulnerable to pesticide accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal M J Hendriks
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.
- Team Sustainable Soil Use, Wageningen Environmental Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Harry S Gibson
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Anna Trett
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK.
| | - André Python
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Anton Vrieling
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Michael Coleman
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK.
| | - Peter W Gething
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Penny A Hancock
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.
| | - Catherine L Moyes
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK.
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17
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Mattei C, Wortham H, Quivet E. Heterogeneous degradation of pesticides by OH radicals in the atmosphere: Influence of humidity and particle type on the kinetics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 664:1084-1094. [PMID: 30901782 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides can be adsorbed on the surface of atmospheric aerosol, depending on their physicochemical properties. They can be degraded by atmospheric oxidants such as OH radicals but the influence of some environmental parameters on the degradation kinetics, especially relative humidity and particle surface type, is not well understood. Heterogeneous degradation by OH radicals of eight commonly used pesticides (i.e., difenoconazole, tetraconazole, cyprodinil, fipronil, oxadiazon, pendimethalin, deltamethrin, and permethrin) adsorbed on hydrophobic and hydrophilic silicas at a relative humidity ranging from 0% to 70% was studied. Under experimental conditions, only cyprodinil, deltamethrin, permethrin, and pendimethalin were degraded by OH radical in atmospheric relevant concentration. Second-order kinetic constants calculated for the pesticides degraded by OH radicals ranged from (1.93 ± 0.61) × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 (permethrin, hydrophobic silica, 30% RH) to (4.08 ± 0.27) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 (pendimethalin, hydrophilic silica, 0% RH). Results obtained can contribute to improve the understanding of the atmospheric fate of pesticides and other semi-volatile organic compounds in the particulate phase and they highlight the importance of taking humidity and particle type into account for the determination of pesticides atmospheric half-lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coraline Mattei
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France; French Environment and Energy Management Agency, 20, avenue du Grésillé, BP 90406, 49004 Angers Cedex 01, France
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18
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Benitez-Medina GE, García JJ. Hydrogenation and N-alkylation of anilines and imines via transfer hydrogenation with homogeneous nickel compounds. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:17579-17587. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04111g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nickel-catalyzed N-alkylation of a variety of arylamines via transfer hydrogenation in the absence of pressurized hydrogen and basic or acidic additives was achieved in a tandem reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juventino J. García
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- México City 04510
- Mexico
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19
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Mattei C, Wortham H, Quivet E. Heterogeneous atmospheric degradation of pesticides by ozone: Influence of relative humidity and particle type. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 625:1544-1553. [PMID: 29996451 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the atmosphere pesticides can be adsorbed on the surface of particles, depending on their physico-chemical properties. They can react with atmospheric oxidants such as ozone but parameters influencing the degradation kinetics are not clear enough. In this study the heterogeneous ozonolysis of eight commonly used pesticides (i.e., difenoconazole, tetraconazole, cyprodinil, fipronil, oxadiazon, pendimethalin, deltamethrin, and permethrin) adsorbed on hydrophobic and hydrophilic silicas, and Arizona dust at relative humidity ranging from 0% to 80% was investigated. Under experimental conditions, only cyprodinil, deltamethrin, permethrin and pendimethalin were degraded by ozone. Second-order kinetic constants calculated for the pesticides degraded by ozone ranged from (4.7 ± 0.4) × 10-20 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 (pendimethalin, hydrophobic silica, 55% RH) to (2.3 ± 0.4) × 10-17 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 (cyprodinil, Arizona dust, 0% RH). Results obtained can contribute to a better understanding of the atmospheric fate of pesticides in the particulate phase and show the importance of taking humidity and particle type into account for the determination of pesticides atmospheric half-lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coraline Mattei
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France; French Environment and Energy Management Agency 20, avenue du Grésillé, BP 90406, 49004 Angers Cedex 01, France
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