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Klaic M, Jirsa F. 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2): concentrations in the environment and methods for wastewater treatment – an update. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12794-12805. [PMID: 35496331 PMCID: PMC9044539 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00915c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) is a frequently used drug and an endocrine disruptive substance. Adverse effects on biota have been reported when they are exposed to this substance in the environment. The last review on EE2 in the environment was published in 2014. Since then, well above 70 studies on EE2 and related substances have been published. The aim of this review was therefore to bring together recent data with earlier ones. The topics emphasized were observable trends of environmental levels of EE2 and methods to reduce EE2 levels in wastewater, before it can enter the environment. This should give an overview of the recent knowledge and developments regarding these environmental aspects of EE2. In the studies discussed, EE2 levels in surface waters were well detectable in many countries, both above and below the predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) of 0.035 ng L−1, although analytical methods used for the quantification often are unsatisfactory regarding their limit of detection. To support the degradation of EE2 prior to entry into the environment, appropriate treatment methods could help to control the emissions of EE2. Several methods for the reduction of EE2 levels of up to 100% removal efficiency were reported recently and are of chemical, biological, adsorptive or ion-exchange nature. Depending on the required properties like initial EE2 concentration or treatment duration, several promising methods are available. 17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) is a frequently used drug and an endocrine disruptive substance.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Klaic
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Jirsa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa
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Gong Z, Wang G, Shi H, Shao S, Wang M, Lu K, Gao S. Mn(II)-Mn(III)-Mn(IV) redox cycling inhibits the removal of methylparaben and acetaminophen mediated by horseradish peroxidase: New insights into the mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147788. [PMID: 34029809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Catalyzed oxidative coupling reactions mediated by enzyme have been proposed as an effective remediation strategy to remove micropollutants, however, little is known about how the Mn(II) redox cycling affects the horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-mediated reactions in wastewater treatment. Here, we explored the removal of two pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), methylparaben (MeP) and acetaminophen (AAP), in HRP-mediated reaction system with dissolved Mn (II). It was found that the conversion rate of AAP was about 284 times higher than that of MeP, and Mn (II) significantly inhibited HRP-catalyzed MeP removal but had little influence on that of AAP. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and theoretical calculations demonstrated that HRP converted Mn(II) into Mn(III), and then generated MnO2 colloid, which inhibited the removal of the substrates. Moreover, the results of theoretical calculations also showed that the binding energy between HRP and Mn was 27.68 kcal/mol, which was higher than that of MeP (25.24 kcal/mol) and lower than that of AAP (30.19 kcal/mol). Therefore, when MeP and Mn (II) coexisted in the reaction system, HRP preferentially reacted with Mn(II), which explained the different impacts of Mn (II) on the removal of MeP and AAP. Additionally, Mn (II) significantly altered the product distribution by decreasing the amount of polymerization products. Overall, our work here revealed the roles of Mn (II) in the removal of MeP and AAP mediated by HRP, having strong implications for an accurate assessment of the influence of Mn(II) redox cycling on the removal of PPCPs in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Gaobo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Shi
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Shuai Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Kun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
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Zhang F, Yang L, Wang H. Co-occurrence characteristics of antibiotics and estrogens and their relationships in a lake system affected by wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2020; 49:1322-1333. [PMID: 33016441 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics and estrogens are recognized as emerging contaminants in the water environment because of their potentially adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems. The concentrations of four steroid estrogens (17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, estrone, and estriol) and eight antibiotics (norfloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, metronidazole, sulfapyridine, doxycycline, and sulfamethoxazole) in the Chaohu Lake basin in Anhui province, China, were analyzed along with adjacent wastewater. The levels of the target antibiotics and estrogens were below detection limits (not detected [nd])-89.86 and nd-118.09 ng L-1 , respectively, in the lake water. All of the target antibiotics and estrogens were detected in sediment, and the concentrations ranged widely (nd-35,544 and nd-16,344 ng kg-1 , respectively). Antibiotics and estrogens varied spatially in the study area and mostly came from untreated wastewater. Antibiotics and estrogens were associated with water parameters such as pH and total nitrogen. A significant positive correlation was observed between estriol and levofloxacin concentrations (r = .65; p < .01), indicating that levofloxacin from the same source might have inhibited the microbiological degradation of estriol in the surface water. Overall, the estrogens pose a more severe risk than antibiotics to the Chaohu Lake system. However, co-occurrence of antibiotics may affect the fate of estrogens in the same lake media. More attention should be given to estrogens than to antibiotics in wastewater-affected lake systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengsong Zhang
- Key Lab. of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Zhongke-Ji'an Institute for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jian, 343000, China
| | - Linsheng Yang
- Key Lab. of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Huaxin Wang
- National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, Southwest Forestry Univ., Kunming, 650224, China
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Ma L, Yates SR. Dissolved organic matter and estrogen interactions regulate estrogen removal in the aqueous environment: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:529-542. [PMID: 29874629 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the characterization and quantification of interactions between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and estrogens as well as the effects of DOM on aquatic estrogen removal. DOM interacts with estrogens via binding or sorption mechanisms like π-π interaction and hydrogen bonding. The binding affinity is evaluated in terms of organic-carbon-normalized sorption coefficient (Log KOC) which varies with types and composition of DOM. DOM has been suggested to be a more efficient sorbent compared with other matrices, such as suspended particulate matter, sediment and soil; likely associated with its large surface area and concentrated carbon content. As a photosensitizer, DOM enhanced estrogen photodegradation when the concentration of DOM was below a threshold value, and when above, the acceleration effect was not observed. DOM played a dual role in affecting biodegradation of estrogens depending on the recalcitrance of the DOM and the nutrition status of the degraders. DOM also acted as an electron shuttle (redox mediator) mediating the degradation of estrogens. DOM hindered enzyme-catalyzed removal of estrogens while enhanced their transformation during the simultaneous photo-enzymatic process. Membrane rejection of estrogens was pronounced for hydrophobic DOM with high aromaticity and phenolic moiety content. Elimination of estrogens via photolysis, biodegradation, enzymolysis and membrane rejection in the presence of DOM is initiated by sorption, accentuating the role of DOM as a mediator in regulating aquatic estrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States; Contaminant Fate and Transport Unit, Salinity Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Scott R Yates
- Contaminant Fate and Transport Unit, Salinity Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Riverside, California 92507, United States.
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Yang Y, Li J, Shi H, Zhai L, Wang X, Gao S. Influence of natural organic matter on horseradish peroxidase-mediated removal of 17α-ethinylestradiol: Role of molecular weight. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 356:9-16. [PMID: 29803032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitous natural organic matter (NOM) plays a crucial role in the peroxidase-mediated transformation of phenolic pollutants in aquatic environment. As a poorly defined polydispersed mixture of assorted organic substances with wide molecular weight (MW) distribution, NOM has far prevented researchers from finding out the primarily responsible components for the specific effect. In this work, MW fractionated NOMs (Mf-NOMs) were used to investigate their roles on horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-mediated transformation of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). The removal rate of EE2 was restrained in the presence of pristine or Mf-NOMs, and the inhibitory mechanism was MW-dependent. Low Mf-NOMs restrained the enzymatic reaction by acting as competitive substrates, while high Mf-NOMs retained freely dissolved EE2 which reduced its availability for enzymatic reaction. The contribution of these two processes to the inhibition induced by pristine NOM was further quantified and found to be relevant to the reaction conditions, especially EE2 concentration. The findings of this work reveal more complex influences of NOM on the enzymatic reaction than ever demonstrated, which aids in understanding the fate of EE2 and other congener contaminants in natural and municipal water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Li Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
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