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Qian Y, Yu M, Zhang R, Wang Z. Impact of permanganate with polyaluminium chloride on algae-laden karst water: Behaviors and disinfection by-products control. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 262:119758. [PMID: 39117056 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The removal of algal organic matter (AOM) through water treatment processes is a major approach of reducing the formation of disinfection by-products (DBP). Here, the formation of DBP from AOM in karst water under different combination of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and polyaluminium chloride (PACl) was investigated. The effect of divalent ions (Ca2+ and Mg2+) on DBP formation was traced by AOM chemistry variations. For DBP formation after KMnO4 preoxidation, total carbonaceous DBPs (C-DBPs) decreased by 12.9% but nitrogen-containing DBPs (N-DBPs) increased by 18.8%. Conversely, the C-DBPs further increased by 3.3% but N-DBPs reduced by 10.7% after the addition of PACl besides KMnO4 preoxidation. The variations of aromatic protein-like, soluble microbial products-like compounds and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV254) were highly correlated with the formation of DBPs, which suggest aromatic substances strongly affect DBP behaviors at different treatment conditions. In the presence of divalent ions (Ca2+ = 135.86 mg/L, Mg2+ = 18.51 mg/L), the combination of KMnO4 and PACl was more effective in controlling DBP formation compared to the situation without Ca2+ and Mg2+. Specifically, trichloromethane formation was largely inhibited compared to the other tested DBPs, which may refer to complexation of electron-donating groups via divalent ions. While Ca2+ and Mg2+ may not affect the nature of α-carbon and amine groups, so the variation of haloacetonitriles (HANs) was not obvious. The study enhances the understanding of the DBP formation patterns, transformation of carbon and nitrogen by preoxidation-coagulation (KMnO4-PACl) treatment in algae-laden karst water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qian
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Mengxin Yu
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Runyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550009, China
| | - Zhikang Wang
- College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Investigation of fouling mechanism in membrane distillation using in-situ optical coherence tomography with green regeneration of fouled membrane. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Deka BJ, Guo J, An AK. Robust dual-layered omniphobic electrospun membrane with anti-wetting and anti-scaling functionalised for membrane distillation application. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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He HY, Qiu W, Liu YL, Yu HR, Wang L, Ma J. Effect of ferrate pre-oxidation on algae-laden water ultrafiltration: Attenuating membrane fouling and decreasing formation potential of disinfection byproducts. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116690. [PMID: 33285456 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Effect of ferrate [Fe(VI)] pre-oxidation on improving FeCl3/ultrafiltration (UF) of algae-laden source water was investigated. Fe(VI) disrupted algae cells and the in situ formed ferric (hydr)oxides aggregated with cell debris. Particle size and zeta potential of algae increased by 20% and 55% on average, respectively, after treatment with 0.02 mM of Fe(VI). These variations facilitated the formation of algae-ferric floc. Fe(VI) degraded algal extracellular organic matter into lower molecular weight products (fulvic-like and humic-like substances). Membrane flux, reversible membrane resistance (Rr) and irreversible membrane resistance (Rir) were improved by 51%, 61%, and 52% in Fe(VI) (0.02 mM)/FeCl3/UF treatment group compared with FeCl3/UF treatment after three filtration cycles. Fe(VI)/FeCl3/UF removed more than 10% ~ 34% of the dissolved organic compounds (DOC) and 6% ~ 17% of the total nitrogen (TN) compared with FeCl3/UF. Due to the enhanced removal of DOC and TN, formation potential of 12 kinds of carbonaceous-disinfection byproducts (C-DBPs) and 7 kinds of nitrogenous-disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) decreased by 32.5% and 22.5%, respectively. Fe(VI) pre-oxidant was effective for alleviating membrane fouling and reducing formation potential of DBPs in algal laden water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yu-Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Hua-Rong Yu
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Kim HW, Yun T, Hong S, Lee S, Jeong S. Retardation of wetting for membrane distillation by adjusting major components of seawater. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 175:115677. [PMID: 32179271 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wetting by fouling is phenomenon specific to membrane distillation (MD) and are regarded as challenges to the seawater membrane distillation (SWMD) process. To understand fouling and wetting, the influence of Mg and Sr crystals, which can potentially cause scaling, as well as Ca crystals deposited on the membrane surface were investigated. Mg(OH)2 and CaSO4 had significant impact on fouling and wetting. Even if CaCO3 and SrSO4 had no effects on fouling and wetting as single salts, CaCO3 and CaSO4 were dominant in synthetic seawater without Mg(OH)2. However, the occurrence of Mg(OH)2 scales became a cause for concern if Ca ion was removed from seawater for the prevention of fouling and wetting. Therefore, Mg as well as Ca should be removed for proper fouling and wetting control. NaOH/Na2CO3 softening was used for the removal of Ca and Mg ions. In addition, based on the inhibition effects of Mg ions on Ca scales, a new pretreatment method involving the injection of MgCl2 to increase the Mg /Ca ratio was examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Kim
- Water Cycle Research Center, National Agenda Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Advanced Environmental Science, Energy Environment Policy & Technology, KU-KIST GreenSchool, Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekgeun Yun
- Water Cycle Research Center, National Agenda Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Advanced Environmental Science, Energy Environment Policy & Technology, KU-KIST GreenSchool, Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungkwan Hong
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seockheon Lee
- Water Cycle Research Center, National Agenda Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Advanced Environmental Science, Energy Environment Policy & Technology, KU-KIST GreenSchool, Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Korea University, 145 Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seongpil Jeong
- Water Cycle Research Center, National Agenda Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST school, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Wu X, Tang A, Bi X, Nguyen TH, Yuan B. Influence of algal organic matter of Microcystis aeruginosa on ferrate decay and MS2 bacteriophage inactivation. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124727. [PMID: 31549669 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Surface water contaminated with algae and with enteric viruses is a global problem. When surface water is used as a drinking water source, it is important to know the influence of algal organic matter on the disinfection of viruses. In this work, we studied the disinfection efficacy of ferrate and the influence of algal organic matter on the disinfection. We determined the MS2 inactivation kinetics by ferrate under three pH conditions (7, 8, and 8.7). The experimental results and pH-dependent calculation suggest that H2FeO4 and HFeO4- are 1935 and 8 times as effective as FeO42- in MS2 inactivation. We also found that intracellular algal organic matter (IAOM) had a stronger effect on MS2 inactivation kinetics than extracellular algal organic matter (EAOM) suggesting that IAOM led to higher consumption of Fe(VI) compared to EAOM. At pH 8.7, while significant consumption of FeO42- by as low as 8 mg C/L of EAOM and 2 mg C/L of IAOM was detected, MS2 inactivation was negatively influenced only when 13 mg C/L of IAOM present. This study showed that it is important to control pH and to determine the concentration of algal organic matter if ferrate is used for disinfection of surface water contaminated with algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyin Wu
- Xiamen Engineering & Technology Research Center for Urban Water Environment Planning and Remediation, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Aixi Tang
- Xiamen Engineering & Technology Research Center for Urban Water Environment Planning and Remediation, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Xiaochao Bi
- Xiamen Engineering & Technology Research Center for Urban Water Environment Planning and Remediation, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Thanh H Nguyen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Baoling Yuan
- Xiamen Engineering & Technology Research Center for Urban Water Environment Planning and Remediation, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China.
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Deka BJ, Lee EJ, Guo J, Kharraz J, An AK. Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes Incorporating PDMS-Aerogel Superhydrophobic Coating with Enhanced Flux and Improved Antiwettability in Membrane Distillation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4948-4958. [PMID: 30978006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b07254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun nanofiber membranes (ENMs) have garnered increasing interest due to their controllable nanofiber structure and high void volume fraction properties in membrane distillation (MD). However, MD technology still faces limitations mainly due to low permeate flux and membrane wetting for feeds containing low surface tension compounds. Perfluorinated superhydrophobic membranes could be an alternative, but it has negative environmental impacts. Therefore, other low surface energy materials such as silica aerogel and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) have great relevancy in ENMs fabrication. Herein, we have reported the high flux and nonwettability of ENMs fabricated by electrospraying aerogel/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) over electrospinning polyvinylidene fluoride- co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) membrane (E-PH). Among various concentrations of aerogel, the 30% aerogel (E-M3-A30) dual layer membrane achieved highest superhydrophobicity (∼170° water contact angle), liquid entry pressure (LEP) of 129.5 ± 3.4 kPa, short water droplet bouncing performance (11.6 ms), low surface energy (4.18 ± 0.27 mN m-1) and high surface roughness ( Ra: 5.04 μm) with re-entrant structure. It also demonstrated nonwetting MD performance over a continuous 7 days operation of saline water (3.5% of NaCl), high antiwetting with harsh saline water containing 0.5 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, 28.9 mN m-1), synthetic algal organic matter (AOM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Jyoti Deka
- School of Energy and Environment , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Eui-Jong Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Daegu University , 201 Daegudae-ro , Jillyang, Gyeongsan-si , Gyeongbuk 38453 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jiaxin Guo
- School of Energy and Environment , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Jehad Kharraz
- School of Energy and Environment , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
| | - Alicia Kyoungjin An
- School of Energy and Environment , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , China
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