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Vione D, Arey JS, Parkerton TF, Redman AD. Direct and indirect photodegradation in aquatic systems mitigates photosensitized toxicity in screening-level substance risk assessments of selected petrochemical structures. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 257:121677. [PMID: 38728777 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Photochemical processes are typically not incorporated in screening-level substance risk assessments due to the complexity of modeling sunlight co-exposures and resulting interactions on environmental fate and effects. However, for many substances, sunlight exerts a profound influence on environmental degradation rates and ecotoxicities. Recent modeling advances provide an improved technical basis for estimating the effect of sunlight in modulating both substance exposure and toxicity in the aquatic environment. Screening model simulations were performed for 25 petrochemical structures with varied uses and environmental fate properties. Model predictions were evaluated by comparing the ratios of predicted exposure concentrations with and without light to the corresponding ratios of toxicity thresholds under the same conditions. The relative ratios of exposure and hazard in light vs. dark were then used to evaluate how inclusion of light modulates substance risk analysis. Results indicated that inclusion of light reduced PECs by factors ranging from 1.1- to 63-fold as a result of photodegradation, while reducing PNECs by factors ranging from 1- to 49-fold due to photoenhanced toxicity caused by photosensitization. Consequently, the presence of light altered risk quotients by factors that ranged from 0.1- to 17-fold, since the predicted increase in substance hazard was mitigated by the reduction in exposure. For many structures, indirect photodegradation decreases environmental exposures independently of the direct photolysis pathway which is associated with enhanced phototoxicity. For most of the scenarios and chemicals in the present work, photosensitization appears to be mitigated by direct and indirect degradation from sunlight exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Vione
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | | | | | - Aaron D Redman
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc Annandale, NJ USA 08801.
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2
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Chen Q, Li Z, Li Y, Liu M, Wu Y, Chen Z, Zhu B. Biodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene by a marine Chlorella vulgaris LH-1 with heterotrophic ability. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115848. [PMID: 38029673 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a microalga, Chlorella vulgaris LH-1, with heterotrophic ability to degrade BaP was explored. The effect of BaP concentration on microalga growth was investigated, and the possible biodegradation mechanism of BaP was proposed. Results showed that low BaP concentration (<5 mg/L) had less negative influence on the growth of this microalga under mixotrophic condition, but high BaP concentration (>5 mg/L) had a significant inhibitory effect on its growth. During heterotrophic cultivation, low BaP concentration (<20 mg/L) promoted the growth of C. vulgaris LH-1, whereas high BaP concentration (>20 mg/L) inhibited its growth significantly. The degradation rates of mixotrophic and heterotrophic C. vulgaris LH-1 were 62.56 %-74.13 % and 52.07 %-71.67 %, respectively, when the BaP concentration ranged from 0.5 mg/L to 2 mg/L. The expression of functional enzyme genes of C. vulgaris LH-1 such as phenol 2-monooxygenase activity, protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase activity, catechol 1,2-dioxygenase activity, styrene degradation, and benzoate degradation were upregulated in the process of BaP degradation. C. vulgaris LH-1 may degrade BaP by monooxygenase and dioxygenase simultaneously. The degradation of BaP by this microalga under mixotrophic condition goes through the degradation pathway of phthalic acid, whereas it goes through the degradation pathway of benzoic acid under heterotrophic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguo Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, PR China; National & local Joint Engineering Research Center of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, PR China; School of Marine Science & Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, PR China
| | - Yijing Li
- School of Marine Science & Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, PR China
| | - Mei Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, PR China; National & local Joint Engineering Research Center of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China.
| | - Yingqi Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, PR China; National & local Joint Engineering Research Center of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Computer Sciences, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H3G1M8, Canada
| | - Baikang Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, PR China; National & local Joint Engineering Research Center of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, PR China
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3
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Li P, Lu Z, Zou S, Yang L. Marine oil spill photodegradation: Laboratory simulation, affecting factors analysis and kinetic model development. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115729. [PMID: 37913562 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Photodegradation significantly influences marine oil spill behavior, yet its role remains underrepresented in current models, impairing predictive accuracy. Addressing this, our study rigorously examined oil properties and environmental determinants affecting marine oil spill photodegradation through laboratory simulations. We identified and quantified key factors and their interactions, noting particularly the positive influence of asphaltene and negative implications of oil density. We also discerned a negative correlation between n-alkane degradation and carbon numbers. Our findings underscored the pivotal roles of temperature and irradiance in photodegradation. All tested oils adhered to first-order kinetics, with rate constants ranging from 0.0348 to 0.0645 day-1. Finally, we introduced a novel model incorporating temperature, irradiance and their interactions, ensuring reasonable simulations for marine oil spill photodegradation, fortifying marine oil spill management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhenhua Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shichun Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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4
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Yan X, An J, Zhang Y, Wei S, He W, Zhou Q. Photochemical degradation in natural attenuation of characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons (C 10-C 40) in crude oil polluted soil by simulated long term solar irradiation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132259. [PMID: 37633018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Photodegradation process plays an important role in the natural attenuation of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) in oil contaminated soil. The photodegradation characteristics of PHs (C10-C40) in topsoil of crude oil contaminated soil irradiated by simulated sunlight in 280 d without microbial action were investigated. The results showed that photodegradation rate of PHs was increased with increasing the light intensity and decreased with increasing the initial concentration of PHs. Moreover, the photodegradation capacity of tested PHs was relevant to the length of carbon chain. The photodegradation rates of C10-C20 were higher than that of C21-C40 in photoperiod. C21-C40 showed an obvious trend of photodegradation after 56 d, although their photodegradation rates were less than 20% at the early stage. And, the redundancy analysis indicated that lighting time was the primary factor for photodegradation of PHs under abiotic conditions. The photodegradation rate was well interpreted by a two-stage, first-order kinetic law with a faster initial photolysis rate. The EPR spectrums showed that simulated solar irradiation accelerated the generation of superoxide radicals, which could react with PHs in soil. Also, the function groups in PHs polluted soil were changed after light exposure, which might imply the possible photodegradation pathway of PHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing An
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Yanzi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenxiang He
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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5
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French-McCay DP, Parkerton TF, de Jourdan B. Bridging the lab to field divide: Advancing oil spill biological effects models requires revisiting aquatic toxicity testing. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 256:106389. [PMID: 36702035 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Oil fate and exposure modeling addresses the complexities of oil composition, weathering, partitioning in the environment, and the distributions and behaviors of aquatic biota to estimate exposure histories, i.e., oil component concentrations and environmental conditions experienced over time. Several approaches with increasing levels of complexity (i.e., aquatic toxicity model tiers, corresponding to varying purposes and applications) have been and continue to be developed to predict adverse effects resulting from these exposures. At Tiers 1 and 2, toxicity-based screening thresholds for assumed representative oil component compositions are used to inform spill response and risk evaluations, requiring limited toxicity data, analytical oil characterizations, and computer resources. Concentration-response relationships are employed in Tier 3 to quantify effects of assumed oil component mixture compositions. Oil spill modeling capabilities presently allow predictions of spatial and temporal compositional changes during exposure, which support mixture-based modeling frameworks. Such approaches rely on summed effects of components using toxic units to enable more realistic analyses (Tier 4). This review provides guidance for toxicological studies to inform the development of, provide input to, and validate Tier 4 aquatic toxicity models for assessing oil spill effects on aquatic biota. Evaluation of organisms' exposure histories using a toxic unit model reflects the current state-of the-science and provides an improved approach for quantifying effects of oil constituents on aquatic organisms. Since the mixture compositions in toxicity tests are not representative of field exposures, modelers rely on studies using single compounds to build toxicity models accounting for the additive effects of dynamic mixture exposures that occur after spills. Single compound toxicity data are needed to quantify the influence of exposure duration and modifying environmental factors (e.g., temperature, light) on observed effects for advancing use of this framework. Well-characterized whole oil bioassay data should be used to validate and refine these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah P French-McCay
- RPS Ocean Science, 55 Village Square Drive, South Kingstown, Rhode Island 02879, United States.
| | - Thomas F Parkerton
- EnviSci Consulting, LLC, 5900 Balcones Dr, Suite 100, Austin, Texas 77433, United States
| | - Benjamin de Jourdan
- Huntsman Marine Science Centre, 1 Lower Campus Rd, St. Andrews, New Brunswick E5B 2L7, Canada
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6
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Parkerton TF, French-McCay D, de Jourdan B, Lee K, Coelho G. Adopting a toxic unit model paradigm in design, analysis and interpretation of oil toxicity testing. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 255:106392. [PMID: 36638632 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The lack of a conceptual understanding and unifying quantitative framework to guide conduct and interpretation of laboratory oil toxicity tests, has led investigators to divergent conclusions that can confuse stakeholders and impede sound decision-making. While a plethora of oil toxicity studies are available and continue to be published, due to differences in experimental design, results between studies often cannot be compared. Furthermore, much resulting data fails to advance quantitative effect models that are critically needed for oil spill risk and impact assessments. This paper discusses the challenges posed when evaluating oil toxicity test data based on traditional, total concentration-based exposure metrics and offers solutions for improving the state of practice by adopting a unifying toxic unit (TU) model framework. Key advantages of a TU framework is that differences in test oil composition, sensitivity of the test organism/endpoint, and toxicity test design (i.e., type of test) can be taken into quantitative account in predicting aquatic toxicity. This paradigm shift is intended to bridge the utility of laboratory oil toxicity tests with improved assessment of effects in the field. To illustrate these advantages, results from literature studies are reassessed and contrasted with conclusions obtained based on past practice. Using instructive examples, model results are presented to explain how dissolved oil composition and concentrations and resulting TUs vary in WAFs prepared using variable loading or dilution test designs and the important role that unmeasured oil components contribute to predicted oil toxicity. Model results are used to highlight how the TU framework can serve as a valuable aid in designing and interpreting empirical toxicity tests and provide the data required to validate/refine predictive toxicity models. To further promote consistent exposure and hazard assessment of physically and chemically dispersed oil toxicity tests recommendations for advancing the TU framework are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Parkerton
- EnviSci Consulting, LLC, 5900 Balcones Dr, Suite 100, Austin, TX 78731, United States.
| | - Deborah French-McCay
- RPS Ocean Science, 55 Village Square Drive, South Kingstown, RI 02879, United States
| | - Benjamin de Jourdan
- Huntsman Marine Science Centre, 1 Lower Campus Rd, St. Andrews, St. Andrews, New Brunswick E5B 2L7, Canada
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth B3B 1Y9, Canada
| | - Gina Coelho
- Department of Interior, Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, Oil Spill Preparedness Division, Response Research Branch,45600 Woodland Road, Sterling, VA 20166, United States
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7
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Chen C, Tang Q, Xu H, Tang M, Li X, Liu L, Dong J. Alkyl-tetralin base oils synthesized from coal-based chemicals and evaluation of their lubricating properties. Chin J Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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8
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Tribological and rheological performance of lithium grease with poly-α-olefin and alkyl-tetralin as base oils. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Aeppli C. Recent advance in understanding photooxidation of hydrocarbons after oil spills. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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10
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Katz SD, Chen H, Fields DM, Beirne EC, Keyes P, Drozd GT, Aeppli C. Changes in Chemical Composition and Copepod Toxicity during Petroleum Photo-oxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5552-5562. [PMID: 35435676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoproducts can be formed rapidly in the initial phase of a marine oil spill. However, their toxicity is not well understood. In this study, oil was irradiated, chemically characterized, and tested for toxicity in three copepod species (Acartia tonsa, Temora longicornis, and Calanus finmarchicus). Irradiation led to a depletion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and n-alkanes in oil residues, along with an enrichment in aromatic and aliphatic oil photoproducts. Target lipid model-based calculations of PAH toxicity units predicted that PAH toxicities were lower in water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of irradiated oil residues ("irradiated WAFs") than in WAFs of dark-control samples ("dark WAFs"). In contrast, biomimetic extraction (BE) measurements showed increased bioaccumulation potential of dissolved constituents of irradiated WAFs compared to dark WAFs, mainly driven by photoproducts present in irradiated oil. In line with the BE results, copepod mortality increased in irradiated WAFs compared to dark WAFs. However, low copepod toxicities were observed for WAFs produced with photo-oxidized oil slicks collected during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The results of this study suggest that while oil photoproducts have the potential to be a significant source of copepod toxicity, dilution and dispersion of these higher solubility products appear to help mitigate their toxicity at sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Katz
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, United States
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, United States
| | - Haining Chen
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, United States
| | - David M Fields
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, United States
- Colby College, Waterville, Maine 04901, United States
| | - Erin C Beirne
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, United States
| | - Phoebe Keyes
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, United States
| | - Greg T Drozd
- Colby College, Waterville, Maine 04901, United States
| | - Christoph Aeppli
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, Maine 04544, United States
- Colby College, Waterville, Maine 04901, United States
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Sola MCR, Santos AG, Nascimento MM, da Rocha GO, de Andrade JB. Occurrence, sources, and risk assessment of unconventional polycyclic aromatic compounds in marine sediments from sandy beach intertidal zones. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:152019. [PMID: 34856251 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), including parent polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitrated and oxygenated derivatives, in 48 sediment samples from the intertidal region of sandy beaches in Baía de Todos os Santos (BTS), Salvador, State of Bahia, Brazil. The total PAH (∑PAH) concentration, total nitro-PAH (∑nitro-PAH) concentration, and total oxy-PAH (∑oxy-PAH) concentration ranged from 2.11 μg g-1 dry weight (dw) to 28.0 μg g-1 dw, 2.58 μg g-1 dw to 30.2 μg g-1 dw, and 0.34 μg g-1 dw to 3.65 μg g-1 dw, respectively. Elevated concentrations of parent PAHs and nitro-PAHs were found in samples from two sites in BTS, which were also characterized by high percentages of fine-medium sand and low organic matter contents. Potent mutagenic 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) was found in 86% of the samples at concentrations ranging from 0.200 μg g-1 dw to 0.690 μg g-1 dw. Furthermore, calculations of the benzo[a]pyrene toxicity equivalency (BaPTEQ) indicated that three carcinogenic high-molecular-weight PAHs accounted for 98.7% of the total maximum PAH concentration. Finally, we assessed the possible environmental risks posed to benthic species living in the sediments of BTS. The results showed that the risk quotient for PAHs (RQPAHs) was ≥1. In turn, the summed RQ for all PACs (∑RQmixture) ranged from 1 to 30, but did not exceed the maximum allowable threshold; thus, the risks posed to benthic species were moderate for all sediment samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Claudia R Sola
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT E&A, UFBA, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Aldenor G Santos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT E&A, UFBA, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Campus de Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Madson M Nascimento
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT E&A, UFBA, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Campus de Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Gisele Olimpio da Rocha
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT E&A, UFBA, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Campus de Ondina, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Jailson Bittencourt de Andrade
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Energia e Ambiente - CIEnAm, Universidade Federal da Bahia, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Energia e Ambiente - INCT E&A, UFBA, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro Universitário SENAI-CIMATEC, Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845 - Piatã, 41650-010 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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12
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Mearns AJ, Morrison AM, Arthur C, Rutherford N, Bissell M, Rempel-Hester MA. Effects of pollution on marine organisms. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1510-1532. [PMID: 32671886 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review covers selected 2019 articles on the biological effects of pollutants, including human physical disturbances, on marine and estuarine plants, animals, ecosystems, and habitats. The review, based largely on journal articles, covers field, and laboratory measurement activities (bioaccumulation of contaminants, field assessment surveys, toxicity testing, and biomarkers) as well as pollution issues of current interest including endocrine disrupters, emerging contaminants, wastewater discharges, marine debris, dredging, and disposal. Special emphasis is placed on effects of oil spills and marine debris due largely to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil blowout in the Gulf of Mexico and proliferation of data on the assimilation and effects of marine debris microparticulates. Several topical areas reviewed in the past (e.g., mass mortalities ocean acidification) were dropped this year. The focus of this review is on effects, not on pollutant sources, chemistry, fate, or transport. There is considerable overlap across subject areas (e.g., some bioaccumulation data may be appeared in other topical categories such as effects of wastewater discharges, or biomarker studies appearing in oil toxicity literature). Therefore, we strongly urge readers to use keyword searching of the text and references to locate related but distributed information. Although nearly 400 papers are cited, these now represent a fraction of the literature on these subjects. Use this review mainly as a starting point. And please consult the original papers before citing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Mearns
- Emergency Response Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Nicolle Rutherford
- Emergency Response Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, Washington
| | - Matt Bissell
- Emergency Response Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Seattle, Washington
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13
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Idowu O, Carbery M, O'Connor W, Thavamani P. Speciation and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in sediments of the largest salt water lake of Australia. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125779. [PMID: 31927372 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Great ecological and human health risks may arise from the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic environments and particularly in sediments, where they often partition. In spite of the apparent risk, knowledge about PAHs and their polar derivatives in sediments is limited. We, therefore, carried out an assessment of the concentrations of parent PAHs and their derivatives (polar PAHs) in sediments of Lake Macquarie: the largest saltwater lake in the southern hemisphere. A total of 31 sediment samples along the pollution prone western shoreline of the estuary were analysed. Multiple source apportionment methods were used to investigate PAH sources contributing to parent and polar PAH concentrations in the estuarine sediments. Concentration levels were highest for high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs compared to low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs. The highest PAH concentrations were recorded for oxygenated PAHs (oxy-PAHs) compared to parent and other polar PAHs. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diagnostic ratios and compositional analysis showed that PAHs in Lake Macquarie were predominantly pyrogenic exhibiting strong positive correlation (R2 = 0.972) with total PAH concentrations. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified three groupings of PAHs with oxy-PAHs and NPAHs dominating (40.2%). Carbazole, a heterocyclic PAH, was also a prominent contributor to sediment PAH concentrations. Atmospheric deposition, coal combustion and vehicular emissions were implicated as the major contributors to sediment pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluyoye Idowu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Maddison Carbery
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Wayne O'Connor
- Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens, NSW, 2316, Australia
| | - Palanisami Thavamani
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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