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Xie Y, Guan D, Deng Y, Sato Y, Luo Y, Chen G. Factors hindering the degradation of pharmaceuticals from human urine in an iron-activated persulfate system. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:130-148. [PMID: 37778790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the degradation of clofibric acid (CFA), bezafibrate (BZF), and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in synthetic human urine using a novel mesoporous iron powder-activated persulfate system (mFe-PS system), and identified the factors limiting their degradation in synthetic human urine. A kinetic model was established to expose the radical production in various reaction conditions, and experiments were conducted to verify the modeling results. In the phosphate-containing mFe-PS system, the 120 min removal efficiency of CFA decreased from 95.1% to 76.6% as the phosphate concentration increased from 0.32 to 6.45 mmol/L, but recovered to 90.5% when phosphate concentration increased to 16.10 mmol/L. Meanwhile, the increased concentration of phosphate from 0.32 to 16.10 mmol/L reduced the BZF degradation efficacy from 91.5% to 79.0%, whereas SMX removal improved from 37.3% to 62.9%. The mFe-PS system containing (bi)carbonate, from 4.20 to 166.70 mmol/L, reduced CFA and BZF removal efficiencies from 100% to 76.8% and 80.4%, respectively, and SMX from 83.5% to 56.7% within a 120-min reaction time. In addition, alkaline conditions (pH ≥ 8.0) inhibited CFA and BZF degradations, while nonacidic pH (pH ≥ 7.0) remarkably inhibited SMX degradation. Results of the kinetic model indicated the formation of phosphate (H2PO4·/HPO4·-) and/or carbonate radicals (CO3·-) could limit pharmaceutical removal. The transformation products (TPs) of the pharmaceuticals revealed more incompletely oxidized TPs occurred in the phosphate- and (bi)carbonate-containing mFe-PS systems, and indicated that H2PO4·/HPO4·- mainly degraded pharmaceuticals via a benzene ring-opening reaction while CO3·- preferentially oxidized pharmaceuticals via a hydroxylation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiruiwen Xie
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Lab, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Dao Guan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Lab, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Yangfan Deng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Lab, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yugo Sato
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Lab, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Lab, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Technology Lab, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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Mahmoud ME, Ibrahim GAA. Cr(VI) and doxorubicin adsorptive capture by a novel bionanocomposite of Ti-MOF@TiO 2 incorporated with watermelon biochar and chitosan hydrogel. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126489. [PMID: 37625740 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers, biochars and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have manifested as top prospects for elimination of harmful pollutants. In the current study, Ti-MOF was synthesized and decorated with TiO2 nanoparticles, then embedded into watermelon peel biochar and functionalized with chitosan hydrogel to produce Ti-MOF@TiO2@WMPB@CTH. Various instruments were employed to assure the effective production of the bionanocomposite. The HR-TEM and SEM studies referred to excellent surface porosity and homogeneity of Ti-MOF@TiO2@WMPB@CTH bionanocomposite, with 51.02-74.23 nm. Based on the BET analysis, the mesoporous structure has a significant surface area of 366.04 m2 g-1 and a considerable total pore volume of 11.38 × 10-2 cm3 g-1, with a mean pore size of 12.434 nm. Removal of doxorubicin (DOX) and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) was examined under various experimentations. Pseudo-second order kinetic models in addition to Langmuir isotherm offered the best fitting. Thermodynamic experiments of the two contaminants demonstrated spontaneous and endothermic interactions. After five subsequent adsorption and desorption cycles, Ti-MOF@TiO2@WMPB@CTH bionanocomposite demonstrated an exceptional recyclability for the elimination of DOX and Cr(VI) ions, reaching 97.96 % and 95.28 %, respectively. Finally, the newly designed Ti-MOF@TiO2@WMPB@CTH bionanocomposite demonstrated a high removing efficiency of Cr(VI) ions and DOX from samples of real water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Mahmoud
- Faculty of Sciences, Chemistry Department, Alexandria University, Moharem Bey, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ghada A A Ibrahim
- Faculty of Education, Physics and Chemistry Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Gwenzi W, Marumure J, Makuvara Z, Simbanegavi TT, Njomou-Ngounou EL, Nya EL, Kaetzl K, Noubactep C, Rzymski P. The pit latrine paradox in low-income settings: A sanitation technology of choice or a pollution hotspot? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163179. [PMID: 37003330 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Pit latrines are widely promoted to improve sanitation in low-income settings, but their pollution and health risks receive cursory attention. The present narrative review presents the pit latrine paradox; (1) the pit latrine is considered a sanitation technology of choice to safeguard human health, and (2) conversely, pit latrines are pollution and health risk hotspots. Evidence shows that the pit latrine is a 'catch-all' receptacle for household disposal of hazardous waste, including; (1) medical wastes (COVID-19 PPE, pharmaceuticals, placenta, used condoms), (2) pesticides and pesticide containers, (3) menstrual hygiene wastes (e.g., sanitary pads), and (4) electronic wastes (batteries). Pit latrines serve as hotspot reservoirs that receive, harbour, and then transmit the following into the environment; (1) conventional contaminants (nitrates, phosphates, pesticides), (2) emerging contaminants (pharmaceuticals and personal care products, antibiotic resistance), and (3) indicator organisms, and human bacterial and viral pathogens, and disease vectors (rodents, houseflies, bats). As greenhouse gas emission hotspots, pit latrines contribute 3.3 to 9.4 Tg/year of methane, but this could be an under-estimation. Contaminants in pit latrines may migrate into surface water, and groundwater systems serving as drinking water sources and pose human health risks. In turn, this culminates into the pit latrine-groundwater-human continuum or connectivity, mediated via water and contaminant migration. Human health risks of pit latrines, a critique of current evidence, and current and emerging mitigation measures are presented, including isolation distance, hydraulic liners/ barriers, ecological sanitation, and the concept of a circular bioeconomy. Finally, future research directions on the epidemiology and fate of contaminants in pit latrines are presented. The pit latrine paradox is not meant to downplay pit latrines' role or promote open defaecation. Rather, it seeks to stimulate discussion and research to refine the technology to enhance its functionality while mitigating pollution and health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willis Gwenzi
- Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Universität Kassel, Steinstraße 19, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Agrartechnik und Bioökonomie e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Jerikias Marumure
- Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Off Old Great Zimbabwe Road, P.O. Box 1235, Masvingo, Zimbabwe; Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa
| | - Zakio Makuvara
- Department of Physics, Geography and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Off Old Great Zimbabwe Road, P.O. Box 1235, Masvingo, Zimbabwe; Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa
| | - Tinoziva T Simbanegavi
- Department of Soil Science and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Environment, and Food Systems, University of Zimbabwe, Mount Pleasant, Harare P.O. Box MP 167, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Esther Laurentine Nya
- Faculty of Arts, Letters and Social Sciences, University of Maroua, P.O. Box 644, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Korbinian Kaetzl
- Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Universität Kassel, Steinstraße 19, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany.
| | - Chicgoua Noubactep
- Centre for Modern Indian Studies (CeMIS), University of Göttingen, Waldweg 26, 37073 Göttingen, Germany; Department of Applied Geology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstraße 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Fo Cheng Xi Road 8, 211100 Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland.
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Hu J, Yi Q, Xiao Z, Tian F, Shu T, Liu X, Wang Y, Li L, Zhou J. Synthesis of bimetal MOFs for rapid removal of doxorubicin in water by advanced oxidation method. RSC Adv 2022; 12:35666-35675. [PMID: 36545067 PMCID: PMC9748979 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06623h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) has been an emerging environmental pollutant due to its significant genotoxicity to mankind. Advanced oxidation processes are a potential strategy to remove DOX in water solution. To develop a highly efficient catalytic agent to remove DOX, bimetal MOFs were synthesized, with Cu2+ and Co2+ as the central ions and adenine as the organic ligand. This study investigated the degradation of DOX by Co/Cu-MOFs combined with peroxymonosulfate (PMS). It was found that the degradation of DOX by Co/Cu-MOFs can reach 80% in only 10 seconds. This can be explained by the charge transfer from Co(iii) to Co(ii) being accelerated by Cu2+, resulting in the rapid generation of free radicals, which was proved by the EIS Nyquist diagram. Co/Cu-MOFs can be reused by simply washing with water without inactivation. Therefore, Co/Cu-MOFs can be used as an efficient catalytic agent to degrade DOX in environmental water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Hu
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Function Molecules, Hubei University430062China
| | - Qiong Yi
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Function Molecules, Hubei University430062China
| | - Ziyi Xiao
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Function Molecules, Hubei University430062China
| | - Feng Tian
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Function Molecules, Hubei University430062China
| | - Tingting Shu
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Function Molecules, Hubei University430062China
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Function Molecules, Hubei University430062China
| | - Yingxi Wang
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Function Molecules, Hubei University430062China
| | - Ling Li
- Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Function Molecules, Hubei University430062China
| | - Jiangang Zhou
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University430062China
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Organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers: The known, the unknown, and the future. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 309:102780. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Hu J, Xu Y, Zheng X, Pan Y, Wang J, Shu T, Wang Y, Li L. Construction Iron-based metal organic frameworks based on ligand engineering for selective dyes removal from water solution. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liu D, Li T, Sun W, Zhou W, Zhang G. Magnetic Ti 3C 2 MXene Nanomaterials for Doxorubicin Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions: Kinetic, Isotherms, and Thermodynamic Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:31945-31953. [PMID: 36119995 PMCID: PMC9475625 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the magnetic Ti3C2 MXene functionalized with β-cyclodextrin was prepared and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The synthesized nanomaterial was used as an adsorbent to adsorb doxorubicin from aqueous solutions, and the experimental parameters that affected the adsorption efficiency were investigated. In addition, the adsorption characteristics including adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherm, and thermodynamics were researched comprehensively. The adsorption kinetics of doxorubicin followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which indicated that adsorption was the rate-limiting step, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 7.35 μg mg-1 by shaking for 60 min at pH 7.0. The adsorption isotherm was well described using the Freundlich model, which implied that multilayer adsorption took place over the prepared nanomaterial for doxorubicin adsorption. The negative values of Gibbs free energy change (ΔG 0 < 0) demonstrated that doxorubicin adsorption was a spontaneous process. The positive values of entropy change (ΔS 0 > 0) implied that doxorubicin adsorption was an increasing random process. Enthalpy change values were positive (ΔH 0 > 0) and indicated that the adsorption of doxorubicin was endothermic. The adsorption percentage of doxorubicin remained in the range of 41.05-44.09%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) based on the adsorption percentage through five replicate adsorption and desorption processes was 2.8%. These results indicated that the magnetic Ti3C2 MXene nanomaterials can be an effective adsorbent to adsorb DOX from aqueous solutions.
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Instantaneous synthesis and full characterization of organic-inorganic laccase-cobalt phosphate hybrid nanoflowers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9297. [PMID: 35662266 PMCID: PMC9165545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13490-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel approach termed the "concentrated method" was developed for the instant fabrication of laccase@Co3(PO4)2•hybrid nanoflowers (HNFs). The constructed HNFs were obtained by optimizing the concentration of cobalt chloride and phosphate buffer to reach the highest activity recovery. The incorporation of 30 mM CoCl2 and 160 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) resulted in a fast anisotropic growth of the nanomaterials. The purposed method did not involve harsh conditions and prolonged incubation of precursors, as the most reported approaches for the synthesis of HNFs. The catalytic efficiency of the immobilized and free laccase was 460 and 400 M−1S−1, respectively. Also, the enzymatic activity of the prepared biocatalyst was 113% of the free enzyme (0.5 U mL−1). The stability of the synthesized HNFs was enhanced by 400% at pH 6.5–9.5 and the elevated temperatures. The activity of laccase@Co3(PO4)2•HNFs declined to 50% of the initial value after 10 reusability cycles, indicating successful immobilization of the enzyme. Structural studies revealed a 32% increase in the α-helix content after hybridization with cobalt phosphate, which improved the activity and stability of the immobilized laccase. Furthermore, the fabricated HNFs exhibited a considerable ability to remove moxifloxacin as an emerging pollutant. The antibiotic (10 mg L−1) was removed by 24% and 75% after 24 h through adsorption and biodegradation, respectively. This study introduces a new method for synthesizing HNFs, which could be used for the fabrication of efficient biocatalysts, biosensors, and adsorbents for industrial, biomedical, and environmental applications.
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Fast anisotropic growth of the biomineralized zinc phosphate nanocrystals for a facile and instant construction of laccase@Zn 3(PO 4) 2 hybrid nanoflowers. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:520-531. [PMID: 35167870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (HNFs) of laccase@Zn3(PO4)2 were fabricated through a facile, simple, and rapid one-step strategy. In this process, laccase was involved in nucleation and fast anisotropic growth reactions with Zn (II) and phosphate ions. The average pore size of the prepared HNFs was 54.5 nm, and its BET-specific surface area was 59.5 m2 g-1. In comparison with the free laccase, the entrapped enzyme activity in the constructed HNFs was 86.4%. In addition, the hybrid biocatalyst displayed a maximum rate of reaction (Vmax) of 1640.2 ± 3.6 μmol min-1 with respect to the native enzyme. The constructed HNFs maintained 45.1% and 60% of the original laccase activity after 12 successive reusability cycles and 30 days of storage at 4 °C, respectively. The as-obtained HNFs demonstrated a high bioremoval percentage of Direct blue-71 (94.1%) within a 10-h-treatment at 40 °C and 15 mg l-1 of the dye concentration. The pseudo-first order and second order were the best-fitted kinetic models for the dye removal using Zn3(PO4)2 nanoflakes and the fabricated HNFs, respectively. Besides, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) revealed biotransformation of the dye into less toxic metabolites as verified by testing on some bacterial strains.
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Xu X, He Z, Tang H, Sun Y, Zhang S, Shi D, Ji F. Removal of diclofenac and oxytetracycline from synthetic urine by furfuryl alcohol-derived mesoporous carbon. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132317. [PMID: 34582931 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, using furfuryl alcohol as the precursor carbon and mesoporous silica as the template, and furfuryl alcohol-derived mesoporous carbon (FMC) was prepared. The specific surface area of FMC was 1022.61 m2/g, the pore volume was 1.71 cm3/g, and the mesoporous volume was 98.8%. Based on the adsorption kinetics of pharmaceuticals onto the FMC in synthetic urine, equilibrium adsorption was reached in 120 min, and it followed a pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherms were well-fitted by the Sips isotherm model, and the saturated adsorption capacities of diclofenac and oxytetracycline in fresh urine were 411.8 mg/g and 465.9 mg/g, respectively. Batch experiment results showed that pharmaceutical removal was strongly influenced by urine components such as sodium chloride, urea, and ammonium hydroxide. The adsorption of diclofenac and oxytetracycline was influenced by many factors including π-π interactions, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic forces. FMC exhibited excellent reusability and retained urine nutrients during pharmaceutical adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215001, China.
| | - Zhimin He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215001, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Yidong Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215001, China
| | - Shuyuan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215001, China
| | - Dezhi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Fangying Ji
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
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Zhao B, Zheng K, Liu C. Bio-dissolution process and mechanism of copper phosphate hybrid nanoflowers by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its bacteria-toxicity in life cycle. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126494. [PMID: 34323740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Copper phosphate hybrid nanoflowers (HNF) have been widely used in chemical industries and wastewater treatment owing to its excellent catalytic activity and high stability. However, their fate and ecological risks have not received due attention after being discharged into natural environment. The significance of bacteria on the dissolution and fate of HNF and its toxicity to bacteria was evaluated from the perspective of its life cycle. Results showed that in the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, HNF was gradually 'disassembled' into smaller nanoparticles (NPs), and then dissolved completely. More than half of the dissolution products (Cu2+) entered biological phase, and PO43- was absorbed and utilized by bacteria as a phosphorus source. The mechanisms of HNF bio-dissolution are as follows: the metabolites of bacteria dissolve HNF through complexation and acidification, in which small molecular organic acids and amino acids play an important role. Bacteria toxicity experiments of HNF in its cycle life show that HNF exhibits lower cell toxicity, but its intermediate (smaller NPs) and final dissolved products (Cu2+) exhibit stronger cytotoxicity by increasing the level of intracellular ROS and membrane permeability of bacteria. This research is helpful to provide ecological risk assessment, develop targeted applications, and rationally design future nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- China-America CRC for Environment & Health of Shandong Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Kai Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Chunguang Liu
- China-America CRC for Environment & Health of Shandong Province, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China.
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Zhou X, Cuasquer GJP, Li Z, Mang HP, Lv Y. Occurrence of typical antibiotics, representative antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and genes in fresh and stored source-separated human urine. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106280. [PMID: 33395931 PMCID: PMC7786438 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Human urine is a source of fertilizer and, with proper management, it can be reused in agriculture. Determining the contamination issue of antibiotics in source-separated urine is important because the majority of antibiotics are excreted with urine. In this study, source-separated urine samples were randomly collected from a male toilet in a university building and analyzed in terms of 30 typical antibiotics (including 14 sulfonamides, 4 tetracyclines, and 12 fluoroquinolones) and tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli, as well as its antibiotic-resistant genes to determine the contamination characteristics of antibiotic-related pollution in fresh and stored urine. Results showed that 18 out of 30 typical antibiotics were detected in fresh source-separated human urine. The dominant antibiotic was oxytetracycline with a frequency of 100%, followed by tetracycline, sparfloxacin, enrofloxacin, and ofloxacin, which demonstrated a detection frequency of 55%. Among the detected values, sulfonamides (2 antibiotics), tetracyclines (4 antibiotics), and fluoroquinolones (12 antibiotics) had a concentration range of 0.25-2.94, 0.94-41.2, and 0.06-163.16 ng/mL, respectively. Furthermore, tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli, which was measured using plate count method, and its related gene, tet M, exhibited a maximum cell density of (200,000 ± 5000) CFU/100 mL and (2.73 ± 0.261) × 107 copies/mL, respectively. When the fresh urine was stored in an ambient environment for 30 days to simulate the real circumstances of urine management, a significant reduction in antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria was observed, while the change in antibiotic-resistant genes was insignificant. The results of this study suggest that risks associated with antibiotics and their antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes are retained during collection and storage. Hence, these kinds of microcontaminants must be considered in further urine utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Zhou
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Gabriela Jacqueline Perez Cuasquer
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Zifu Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Heinz Peter Mang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yaping Lv
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China
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