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Meng S, Peng T, Liu Y, Zhang S, Qian Z, Huang T, Xie Q, Gu JD, Hu Z. Novel insights into the synergetic degradation of pyrene by microbial communities from mangroves in China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133907. [PMID: 38471380 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Pyrene is a high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (HMW-PAHs). It is a ubiquitous, persistent, and carcinogenic environmental contaminant that has raised concern worldwide. This research explored synergistic bacterial communities for efficient pyrene degradation in seven typical Southern China mangroves. The bacterial communities of seven typical mangroves were enriched by pyrene, and enriched bacterial communities showed an excellent pyrene degradation capacity of > 95% (except for HK mangrove and ZJ mangrove). Devosia, Hyphomicrobium, Flavobacterium, Marinobacter, Algoriphahus, and Youhaiella all have significant positive correlations with pyrene (R>0, p < 0.05) by 16SrRNA gene sequencing and metagenomics analysis, indicated that these genera play a vital role in pyrene metabolism. Meanwhile, the functional genes were involved in pyrene degradation that was enriched in the bacterial communities, including the genes of nagAa, ndoR, pcaG, etc. Furthermore, the analyses of functional genes and binning genomes demonstrated that some bacterial communities as a unique teamwork to cooperatively participate in pyrene degradation. Interestingly, the genes related to biogeochemical cycles were enriched, such as narG , soxA, and cyxJ, suggested that bacterial communities were also helpful in maintaining the stability of the ecological environment. In addition, some novel species with pyrene-degradation potential were identified in the pyrene-degrading bacterial communities, which can enrich the resource pool of pyrene-degrading strains. Overall, this study will help develop further research strategies for pollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Meng
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Yongjin Liu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Zhihui Qian
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Tongwang Huang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China
| | - Qingyi Xie
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, Haikou 571101, PR China
| | - Ji-Dong Gu
- Environmental Science and Engineering Research Group, Guangdong Technion -Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China; Offshore Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Research, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, PR China.
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Gao H, Chen J, Wang C, Wang P, Wang R, Feng B. Regulatory mechanisms of submerged macrophyte on bacterial community recovery in decabromodiphenyl ether contaminated sediment: Microbiological and metabolomic perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122616. [PMID: 37757929 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ether contamination in sediments poses serious threats to human health and ecological safety. Despite the broad application of submerged macrophytes for remediating pollutants, their regulatory influence on bacterial communities in contaminated sediments remains unclear. Herein, we analyzed the effects of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and Hydrilla verticillata on sediment bacterial community and function using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and sediment metabolomics. Results showed that BDE-209 significantly inhibited sediment bacterial diversity and metabolic functions. It also enhanced bacterial interactions and altered both the bacterial community and metabolite composition. Uridine and inosine were critical metabolites that positively co-occurred with bacterial taxa inhibited by BDE-209. Notably, planting H. verticillata effectively alleviated the adverse impacts of BDE-209 by reducing its residuals, increasing the total organic carbon, and modifying metabolic profiles. Such mitigation was evidenced by enhancing bacterial diversity, restoring metabolic functions, and attenuating bacterial interactions. However, mitigation effectiveness depended on treatment time. Additionally, propionic acid, palmitic acid, and palmitoleic acid may facilitate the restoration of phylum Proteobacteria and class Planctomycetacia in H. verticillata planted sediment. Together, these findings improve understanding of BDE-209's impacts on aquatic ecosystems and provide valuable insights for ecological restoration using submerged macrophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Peifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
| | - Bingbing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Department on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
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Szafranski GT, Granek EF. Contamination in mangrove ecosystems: A synthesis of literature reviews across multiple contaminant categories. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115595. [PMID: 37852064 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove forests are exposed to diverse ocean-sourced and land-based contaminants, yet mangrove contamination research lags. We synthesize existing data and identify major gaps in research on five classes of mangrove contaminants: trace metals, persistent organic pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, microplastics, and pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Research is concentrated in Asia, neglected in Africa and the Americas; higher concentrations are correlated with waste water treatment plants, industry, and urbanized landscapes. Trace metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, frequently at concentrations below regulatory thresholds, may bioconcentrate in fauna, whereas persistent organic pollutants were at levels potentially harmful to biota through short- or long-term exposure. Microplastics were at variable levels, yet lack regulatory and ecotoxicological thresholds. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products received minimal research despite biological activity at small concentrations. Given potential synergistic effects, multi-contaminant research, increased monitoring of multiple contaminant classes, and increased public outreach and involvement are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey T Szafranski
- Environmental Science & Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Elise F Granek
- Environmental Science & Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States of America.
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Liu Y, Sun Y, Yu J, Xia X, Ding A, Zhang D. Impacts of groundwater level fluctuation on soil microbial community, alkane degradation efficiency and alkane-degrading gene diversity in the critical zone: Evidence from an accelerated water table fluctuation simulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:83060-83070. [PMID: 35759097 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbons are hazardous to ecosystems and human health, commonly containing n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Previous researches have studied alkane degraders and degrading genes under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, but seldom discussed them in the intermittent saturation zone which is a connective area between the vadose zone and the groundwater aquifer with periodic alteration of oxygen and moisture. The present study investigated the difference in alkane degradation efficiency, bacterial community, and alkane degrading gene diversity in aerobic, anaerobic, and aerobic-anaerobic fluctuated treatments. All biotic treatments achieved over 90% of n-alkane removal after 120 days of incubation. The removal efficiencies of n-alkanes with a carbon chain length from 16 to 25 were much higher in anaerobic scenarios than those in aerobic scenarios, explained by different dominant microbes between aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The highest removal efficiency was found in fluctuation treatments, indicating an accelerated n-alkane biodegradation under aerobic-anaerobic alternation. In addition, the copy numbers of the 16S rRNA gene and two alkB genes (alkB-P and alkB-R) declined dramatically when switched from aerobic to anaerobic scenarios and oppositely from anaerobic to aerobic conditions. This suggested that water level fluctuation could notably change the presence of aerobic alkane degrading genes. Our results suggested that alkane degradation efficiency, soil microbial community, and alkane-degrading genes were all driven by water level fluctuation in the intermittent saturation zone, helping better understand the effects of seasonal water table fluctuation on the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the subsurface environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqiao Liu
- Experiment and Practice Innovation Education Center, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Yujiao Sun
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jingshan Yu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xuefeng Xia
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Aizhong Ding
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Yin Y, Liu C, Zhao G, Chen Y. Versatile mechanisms and enhanced strategies of pollutants removal mediated by Shewanella oneidensis: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 440:129703. [PMID: 35963088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The removal of environmental pollutants is important for a sustainable ecosystem and human health. Shewanella oneidensis (S. oneidensis) has diverse electron transfer pathways and can use a variety of contaminants as electron acceptors or electron donors. This paper reviews S. oneidensis's function in removing environmental pollutants, including heavy metals, inorganic non-metallic ions (INMIs), and toxic organic pollutants. S. oneidensis can mineralize o-xylene (OX), phenanthrene (PHE), and pyridine (Py) as electron donors, and also reduce azo dyes, nitro aromatic compounds (NACs), heavy metals, and iodate by extracellular electron transfer (EET). For azo dyes, NACs, Cr(VI), nitrite, nitrate, thiosulfate, and sulfite that can cross the membrane, S. oneidensis transfers electrons to intracellular reductases to catalyze their reduction. However, most organic pollutants cannot be directly degraded by S. oneidensis, but S. oneidensis can remove these pollutants by self-synthesizing catalysts or photocatalysts, constructing bio-photocatalytic systems, driving Fenton reactions, forming microbial consortia, and genetic engineering. However, the industrial-scale application of S. oneidensis is insufficient. Future research on the metabolism of S. oneidensis and interfacial reactions with other materials needs to be deepened, and large-scale reactors should be developed that can be used for practical engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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6
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Du M, Zheng M, Liu A, Wang L, Pan X, Liu J, Ran X. Effects of emerging contaminants and heavy metals on variation in bacterial communities in estuarine sediments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 832:155118. [PMID: 35398136 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (ECs) and heavy metals (HMs) are universally present together in estuarine sediments; despite this, their effects on microbial communities have been widely studied separately, rather than in consort. In this study, the combined effects of ECs and HMs on microbial communities were investigated in sediments from 11 major river estuaries around the Bohai Sea, China. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the sediments. Using Shannon indices, total phosphorus and total organic carbon were shown to affect microbial community structure. Redundancy analysis of microbial variation implicated Cd and As as the greatest pollutants, followed by Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu; no impacts from galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were found. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the concentration of ECs increased the abundance of certain bacteria (e.g., Haliangium, Altererythrobacter, Gaiella and Erythrobacter), and therefore these can be used as potential contamination indicators. Shannon indices and Chao1 indices showed that there were differences in the richness and diversity of bacterial communities in the sediments of 11 rivers. The principal coordinate analysis displayed higher similarity of bacterial community composition in estuarine sediments in Liaoning province than other regions. The results can be used to predict changes in estuary ecosystems to maintain their ecological balance and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Minggang Zheng
- Marine Ecology Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 266061 Qingdao, China
| | - Aifeng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xin Pan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Marine Ecology Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 266061 Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangbin Ran
- Marine Ecology Research Center, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 266061 Qingdao, China
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7
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Bhatt P, Ganesan S, Santhose I, Durairaj T. Phytoremediation as an effective tool to handle emerging contaminants. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a process which effectively uses plants as a tool to remove, detoxify or immobilize contaminants. It has been an eco-friendly and cost-effective technique to clean contaminated environments. The contaminants from various sources have caused an irreversible damage to all the biotic factors in the biosphere. Bioremediation has become an indispensable strategy in reclaiming or rehabilitating the environment that was damaged by the contaminants. The process of bioremediation has been extensively used for the past few decades to neutralize toxic contaminants, but the results have not been satisfactory due to the lack of cost-effectiveness, production of byproducts that are toxic and requirement of large landscape. Phytoremediation helps in treating chemical pollutants on two broad categories namely, emerging organic pollutants (EOPs) and emerging inorganic pollutants (EIOPs) under in situ conditions. The EOPs are produced from pharmaceutical, chemical and synthetic polymer industries, which have potential to pollute water and soil environments. Similarly, EIOPs are generated during mining operations, transportations and industries involved in urban development. Among the EIOPs, it has been noticed that there is pollution due to heavy metals, radioactive waste production and electronic waste in urban centers. Moreover, in recent times phytoremediation has been recognized as a feasible method to treat biological contaminants. Since remediation of soil and water is very important to preserve natural habitats and ecosystems, it is necessary to devise new strategies in using plants as a tool for remediation. In this review, we focus on recent advancements in phytoremediation strategies that could be utilized to mitigate the adverse effects of emerging contaminants without affecting the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanth Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology , College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology , SRM Nagar , Kattankulathur – 603203 , Kanchipuram , Chennai , TN , India
| | - Swamynathan Ganesan
- Department of Biotechnology , College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology , SRM Nagar , Kattankulathur – 603203 , Kanchipuram , Chennai , TN , India
| | - Infant Santhose
- Department of Biotechnology , College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology , SRM Nagar , Kattankulathur – 603203 , Kanchipuram , Chennai , TN , India
| | - Thirumurugan Durairaj
- Department of Biotechnology , College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology , SRM Nagar , Kattankulathur – 603203 , Kanchipuram , Chennai , TN , India
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Girones L, Oliva AL, Negrin VL, Marcovecchio JE, Arias AH. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in coastal wetlands: A review of their occurrences, toxic effects, and biogeochemical cycling. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112864. [PMID: 34482253 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Coastal wetlands, such as mangroves, seagrass beds, and salt marshes, are highly threatened by increasing anthropic pressures, including chemical pollution. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have attracted attention in these particularly vulnerable ecosystems, due to their bioaccumulative, pervasive, and ecotoxic behavior. This article reviews and summarizes available information regarding current levels, biogeochemical cycling, and effects of POPs on coastal wetlands. Sediment POP levels were compared with international quality guidelines, revealing many areas where compounds could cause damage to biota. Despite this, toxicological studies on some coastal wetland plants and microorganisms showed a high tolerance to those levels. These taxonomic groups are likely to play a key role in the cycling of the POPs, with an active role in their accumulation, immobilization, and degradation. Toxicity and biogeochemical processes varied markedly along three main axes; namely species, environmental conditions, and type of pollutant. While more focused research on newly and unintentionally produced POPs is needed, mainly in salt marshes and seagrass beds, with the information available so far, the environmental behavior, spatial distribution, and toxicity level of the studied POPs showed similar patterns across the three studied ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lautaro Girones
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Ana L Oliva
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Vanesa L Negrin
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Jorge E Marcovecchio
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Universidad Tecnológica Nacional (UTN)-FRBB, Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Universidad FASTA, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrés H Arias
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO - CONICET/UNS), Camino La Carrindanga km 7.5, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Guo Z, Yin H, Wei X, Zhu M, Lu G, Dang Z. Effects of methanol on the performance of a novel BDE-47 degrading bacterial consortium QY2 in the co-metabolism process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 415:125698. [PMID: 33773249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-tetrabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-47), frequently detected in the environment, is arduous to be removed by conventional biological treatments due to its persistence and toxicity. Herein effects of methanol as a co-metabolic substrate on the biodegradation of BDE-47 was systematically studied by a functional bacterial consortium QY2, constructed through long-term and successive acclimation from indigenous microorganisms. The results revealed that BDE-47 (0.25 mg/L) was completely removed within 7 days in the 2.5 mM methanol treatment group, and its degradation efficiency was 3.26 times higher than that without methanol treatment. The addition of methanol dramatically accelerated the debromination, hydroxylation and phenyl ether bond breakage of BDE-47 by QY2. However, excessive methanol (>5 mM) combined with BDE-47 had strong stress on microbial cells, including significant (p < 0.05) increase of reactive oxygen species level, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity and malondialdehyde content, even causing 20.65% cell apoptosis and 11.27% death. It was worth noting that the changes of QY2 community structure remained relatively stable after adding methanol, presumably attributed to the important role of the genus Methylobacterium in maintaining the functional and structural stability of QY2. This study deepened our understanding of how methanol as co-metabolite substances stimulated the biodegradation of BDE-47 by microbial consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyu Guo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Yin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xipeng Wei
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Minghan Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Guining Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
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