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Tang M, Wan J, Wang Y, Ye G, Yan Z, Ma Y, Sun J. Overlooked role of void-nanoconfined effect in emerging pollutant degradation: Modulating the electronic structure of active sites to accelerate catalytic oxidation. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:120950. [PMID: 38056201 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The efficient removal of emerging pollutant from water is the ultimate frontiers of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), yet it is challenging to obtain higher catalytic activity and oxidation rate. Herein, a sustainable solution was proposed by optimizing the curvature of confined structure to modulate the electronic state of the active sites in nanochannels for improving the catalytic activity. In addition, the confined effect can enhance the oxidation rate by shorting the mass transfer of active species and pollutants. A void-nanoconfined nanoreactor was prepared by loading Fe2O3 into the nanochannels (<5 nm) of the hollow carbon sphere. An enhancement of 3 orders of magnitude was obtained in the degradation rate constant of void-nanoconfined catalytic system toward sulfamethoxazole (SMX) (6.25 min-1) compared with the non-confined system. The kinetics enhancement was attributed to the larger electron potential difference between the outer and inner nanochannel caused by the curvature increase of carbon sphere, accelerating the electron transfer, so that the energy barrier of SMX degradation reaction was reduced by 31 kcal/mol with the assistance of confinement energy. Importantly, the NC-IN/PDS system exhibited outstanding removal efficiency for the actual river water using a continuous flow reactor. This work provides a new insight into designing an efficient and stable catalytic nanoreactor, enriching the domain of advanced wastewater treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinquan Wan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gang Ye
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhicheng Yan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongwen Ma
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Hirani RAK, Wu H, Asif AH, Rafique N, Shi L, Zhang S, Wu Z, Zhang LC, Wang S, Yin Y, Saunders M, Sun H. Cobalt oxide functionalized ceramic membrane for 4-hydroxybenzoic acid degradation via peroxymonosulfate activation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130874. [PMID: 36716559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Membrane separation and sulfate radicals-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) can be combined as an efficient technique for the elimination of organic pollutants. The immobilization of metal oxide catalysts on ceramic membranes can enrich the membrane separation technology with catalytic oxidation avoiding recovering suspended catalysts. Herein, nanostructured Co3O4 ceramic catalytic membranes with different Co loadings were fabricated via a simple ball-milling and calcination process. Uniform distribution of Co3O4 nanoparticles in the membrane provided sufficient active sites for catalytic oxidation of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA). Mechanistic studies were conducted to determine the reactive radicals and showed that both SO4•- and •OH were present in the catalytic process while SO4•- plays the dominant role. The anti-fouling performance of the composite Co@Al2O3 membranes was also evaluated, showing that a great flux recovery was achieved with the addition of PMS for the fouling caused by humic acid (HA).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Wu
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Abdul Hannan Asif
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Nasir Rafique
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Zhentao Wu
- Aston Institute of Materials Research, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, B4 7ET Birmingham, UK
| | - Lai-Chang Zhang
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Shaobin Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Yu Yin
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
| | - Martin Saunders
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis (CMCA), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hongqi Sun
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia.
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Electrospinning of ZIF-67 Derived Co-C-N Composite Efficiently Activating Peroxymonosulfate to Degrade Dimethyl Phthalate. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14142248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an efficient cage-core peroxymonosulfate (PMS) catalyst was synthesized by applying an electrospinning–calcination process to the cobalt–zeolitic imidazole framework (ZIF-67) crystals for the catalytic degradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP). The morphology and surface properties of the synthesized materials (ZIF-67, Z600 and ZP400/600/800) were well characterized. ZP600 showed great performance for the catalytic degradation of DMP in the initial pH range of 7.5–10.5. The removal rate of DMP could reach 90.4% in 60 min under optimum dosages of reagents (catalyst = 0.1 g/L, PMS = 0.5 mM, DMP = 6 ppm), and the mineralization degree of contaminant could reach 65%. By quenching experiments, it was determined that sulfate radical (SO4−·) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) dominated the degradation process. Moreover, due to the good magnetism, ZP600 could be easily separated from liquid and showed great reusability in five-cycle reaction experiments. Surprisingly, with the cover of cage-like polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers, the cobalt leaching amount of ZP600 decreased by about 87%. This study would expand the application of the electrospinning process in the development of functional materials for water purification.
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Nayl AA, Abd-Elhamid AI, Awwad NS, Abdelgawad MA, Wu J, Mo X, Gomha SM, Aly AA, Bräse S. Review of the Recent Advances in Electrospun Nanofibers Applications in Water Purification. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081594. [PMID: 35458343 PMCID: PMC9025395 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, nanofibers have come to be considered one of the sustainable routes with enormous applicability in different fields, such as wastewater treatment. Electrospun nanofibers can be fabricated from various materials, such as synthetic and natural polymers, and contribute to the synthesis of novel nanomaterials and nanocomposites. Therefore, they have promising properties, such as an interconnected porous structure, light weight, high porosity, and large surface area, and are easily modified with other polymeric materials or nanomaterials to enhance their suitability for specific applications. As such, this review surveys recent progress made in the use of electrospun nanofibers to purify polluted water, wherein the distinctive characteristics of this type of nanofiber are essential when using them to remove organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater, as well as for oil/water (O/W) separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- AbdElAziz A. Nayl
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: or (A.A.N.); (S.B.)
| | - Ahmed I. Abd-Elhamid
- Composites and Nanostructured Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg Al-Arab 21934, Egypt;
| | - Nasser S. Awwad
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Asir, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jinglei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (J.W.); (X.M.)
| | - Xiumei Mo
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (J.W.); (X.M.)
| | - Sobhi M. Gomha
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Al Jamiah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf A. Aly
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Organic Division, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt;
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS), Director Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Correspondence: or (A.A.N.); (S.B.)
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Guo D, You S, Li F, Liu Y. Engineering carbon nanocatalysts towards efficient degradation of emerging organic contaminants via persulfate activation: A review. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ye J, Yang D, Dai J, Li C, Yan Y. Confinement of ultrafine Co3O4 nanoparticles in nitrogen-doped graphene-supported macroscopic microspheres for ultrafast catalytic oxidation: Role of oxygen vacancy and ultrasmall size effect. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Facile fabrication of Fe/Fe 3C embedded in N-doped carbon nanofiber for efficient degradation of tetracycline via peroxymonosulfate activation: Role of superoxide radical and singlet oxygen. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 609:86-101. [PMID: 34890952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The toxic metal ions leaching and metal nanoparticles agglomeration were the critical issues for metal-based carbon materials during the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation processes. Herein, a facile strategy was first proposed that zero-dimensional Fe/Fe3C nanoparticles were embedded in one-dimensional N-doped carbon nanofiber (Fe/Fe3C@NCNF) to solve the above challenges. The as-obtained Fe/Fe3C@NCNF-800 possessed a low Ea value (11.7 kJ/mol) and exhibited high activity for activating PMS to degrade tetracycline (TC) in a wide range of pH 3-11. As expected, the iron ions leaching concentration of Fe/Fe3C@NCNF-800 was very low (0.082 mg/L). Meanwhile, the Fe/Fe3C@NCNF-800 was easily recovered from the reaction solution due to its magnetic properties. Both superoxide radicals (O2∙-) and non-radical of singlet oxygen (1O2) were the primary reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the Fe/Fe3C@NCNF-800/PMS system via quenching tests and electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). The catalytic mechanism suggested that the Fe/Fe3C and graphitic N were the main active sites in the Fe/Fe3C@NCNF-800 for PMS activation. This work provided a facile method for the preparation of Fe-based carbon materials with high catalytic ability, low metal leaching and easy recycling, showing a broad prospect for environmental applications.
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Jiang H, Liu Y, Xing W, Chen R. Porous Membrane Reactors for Liquid-Phase Heterogeneous Catalysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yefei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rizhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
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Saleem I, Maqsood MA, Rehman MZU, Aziz T, Bhatti IA, Ali S. Potassium ferrite nanoparticles on DAP to formulate slow release fertilizer with auxiliary nutrients. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 215:112148. [PMID: 33756292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low use efficiency of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is major challenge of modern agriculture. Coating of conventional fertilizers with nanomaterials is a promising technique for improved nutrient use efficiency. In current study, nanoparticles (NPs) of potassium ferrite (KFeO2 NPs) were coated on di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer with three rates (2, 5, 10%) of KFeO2 NPs and were evaluated for release of N, P, K and Fe supplementation in clay loam and loam soil up to 60 days. The NPs were characterized for crystal assemblage, bond formation, morphology and configuration using the x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform-infra red spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that size of NPs ranged between 7 and 18 nm. The controlled release of P in 10% KFeO2 nano-coated DAP was observed throughout the incubation period. The P release kept on increasing from day-1 (14.5 µg g-1) to day-60 (178.6 µg g-1) in coated DAP (10%) in loam soil. The maximum release of 50.4 µg g-1 NH4+1-N in coated DAP (10%) was observed after 30 days of incubation. The release of NO3-1-N was consistent up to 45 and 60 days in clay loam and loam soil, respectively. The average release of potassium and iron in 60 days was 19.7 µg g-1 and 7.3 µg g-1 higher in 10% coated DAP than traditional DAP in clay loam soil. It was concluded that KFeO2 nano-coated DAP supplied P and mineral N for longer period of time in both soils, and some higher coating levels should be tested in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifra Saleem
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamer Maqsood
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Aziz
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Tuan DD, Hung C, Da Oh W, Ghanbari F, Lin JY, Lin KYA. Porous hexagonal nanoplate cobalt oxide derived from a coordination polymer as an effective catalyst for activating Oxone in water. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127552. [PMID: 32731015 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As cobalt (Co) represents an effective transition metal for activating Oxone to degrade contaminants, tricobalt tetraoxide (Co3O4) is extensively employed as a heterogeneous phase of Co for Oxone activation. Since Co3O4 can be manipulated to exhibit various shapes, 2-dimensional plate-like morphology of Co3O4 can offer large contact surfaces. If the large plate-like surfaces can be even porous, forming porous nanoplate Co3O4 (PNC), such a PNC should be a promising catalyst for Oxone activation. Therefore, a facile but straightforward method is proposed to prepare such a PNC for activating Oxone to degrade pollutants. In particular, a cobaltic coordination polymer with a morphology of hexagonal nanoplate, which is synthesized through coordination between Co2+ and thiocyanuric acid (TCA), is adopted as a precursor. Through calcination, CoTCA could be transformed into hexagonal nanoplate-like Co3O4 with pores to become PNC. This PNC also shows different characteristics from the commercial Co3O4 nanoparticle (NP) in terms of surficial reactivity and textural properties. Thus, PNC exhibits a much higher catalytic activity than the commercial Co3O4 NP towards activation of Oxone to degrade a model contaminant, salicylic acid (SA). Specifically, SA was 100% degraded by PNC activating Oxone within 120 min, and the Ea of SA degradation by PNC-activated Oxone is 70.2 kJ/mol. PNC can also remain stable and effective for SA degradation even in the presence of other anions, and PNC could be reused over multiple cycles without significant loss of catalytic activity. These features validate that PNC is a promising and useful Co-based catalyst for Oxone activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong Dinh Tuan
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture & Research Center of Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching Hung
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Wen Da Oh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Farshid Ghanbari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
| | - Jia-Yin Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture & Research Center of Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yi Andrew Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture & Research Center of Sustainable Energy and Nanotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Xia X, Zhu F, Li J, Yang H, Wei L, Li Q, Jiang J, Zhang G, Zhao Q. A Review Study on Sulfate-Radical-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes for Domestic/Industrial Wastewater Treatment: Degradation, Efficiency, and Mechanism. Front Chem 2020; 8:592056. [PMID: 33330379 PMCID: PMC7729018 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.592056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of toxic organic pollutants commonly detected during domestic/industrial wastewater treatment have been attracting research attention globally because they seriously threaten human health. Sulfate-radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) have been successfully used in wastewater treatment, such as that containing antibiotics, pesticides, and persistent organic pollutants, for refractory contaminant degradation. This review summarizes activation methods, including physical, chemical, and other coupling approaches, for efficient generation of sulfate radicals and evaluates their applications and economic feasibility. The degradation behavior as well as the efficiency of the generated sulfate radicals of typical domestic and industrial wastewater treatment is investigated. The categories and characteristics of the intermediates are also evaluated. The role of sulfate radicals, their kinetic characteristics, and possible mechanisms for organic elimination are assessed. In the last section, current difficulties and future perspectives of SR-AOPs for wastewater treatment are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Fengyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jianju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Haizhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Liangliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Qiaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Junqiu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Guangshan Zhang
- College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Cobalt‑nitrogen‑carbon nanotube co-implanted activated carbon as efficient cathodic oxygen reduction catalyst in microbial fuel cells. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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