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Ma Y, Zheng Q, Zhang Y, Ganjurjav H, Yue H, Wang X, Wu K, Liang K, Zeng H, Wu H. Short-term robust plant overcompensatory growth was observed in a degraded alpine meadow on the southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Sci Total Environ 2024; 918:170607. [PMID: 38336057 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Plant overcompensatory growth (OCG) is an important mechanism by which plant communities adapt to environmental disturbance. However, it is not clear whether plant OCG can occur in degraded alpine meadows. Here, we conducted a mowing experiment in an alpine meadow at three degradation levels (i.e., severe degradation, SD; moderate degradation, MD; and light degradation, LD) on the southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau from 2018 to 2020 to investigate plant OCG and its relationships with soil available nutrients, plant nutrient use efficiency (i.e., nitrogen use efficiency, NUE; and phosphorus use efficiency, PUE), and precipitation. The results showed that 1) the OCG of the plant community generally occurred across all degradation levels, and the OCG strength of the plant community decreased with mowing duration. Moreover, the OCG strength of the plant community in the SD treatment was significantly greater than that in the MD and LD treatments after two years of mowing (p < 0.05). 2) In LD and MD, the soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3-) and available phosphorus (AP) concentrations exhibited a decreasing trend (p < 0.05), while the soil ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) concentration did not change from 2018 to 2020 (p > 0.05). In the SD treatment, the soil NO3- concentration tended to decrease (p < 0.05), the NH4+ concentration tended to increase (p < 0.05), and the AP concentration exhibited an inverse parabolic trend (p < 0.05) from 2018 to 2020. 3) From 2018 to 2020, plant NUE and PUE exhibited decreasing trends at all degradation levels. 4) Plant nutrient use efficiency, which is regulated by complex plant-soil interactions, strongly controlled the OCG of the plant community along each degradation gradient. Moreover, precipitation not only directly promoted the OCG of the plant community but also indirectly affected it by regulating the structure of the plant community and plant nutrient use efficiency. These results suggest that the OCG of the plant community in degraded alpine meadows may benefit not only from the strong self-regulating capacity of the plant-soil system but also from humid climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandan Ma
- National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiuzhu Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
| | - Hasbagan Ganjurjav
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haitao Yue
- National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Kaiting Wu
- National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Kemin Liang
- National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Huimin Wu
- National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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Rathore SS, Sharma K, Shekhawat K, Babu S, Sanketh G, Singh V, Singh RK, Upadhyay PK, Hashim M, Jangir R, Singh H. Sulfonated nitrogen and added-sulfur sources influence productivity, quality, and nutrient acquisition of soybean-wheat cropping system. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26815. [PMID: 38439864 PMCID: PMC10909715 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Soybean-wheat is the predominant cropping system covering >2.5 Mha area in India. The lower productivity of soybean-wheat cropping system (SWCS), remains a serious concern primarily due to inadequate nutrient management. Increasing sulfur (S) deficiency is widespread, especially under oilseed-based cropping system. Hence, to standardize the S requirement through customized fertilization, an experiment was conducted in completely randomized block design (RBD) comprised of 12 nutrient sources, replicated thrice. The study aims to evaluate the agronomic performance of sulfonated nitrogen (SN) in comparison to conventional S nutrient sources in SWCS. The maximum soybean productivity was recorded under NPK + S through 40-0-0-13 (SN1), although NPK + 50% S (15 kg/ha) as basal and 50% (15 kg/ha) as top dressing through SN2 10-0-0-75 produced maximum wheat grain yield. When compared with no nitrogen (control), the application of 30 kg S ha-1 to both crops increased the productivity of the soybean-wheat cropping system up to 39%. The maximum system (SWCS) productivity (8.45 tha-1) was obtained with the application of 50% S as basal and 50% as top dressing (SN2-based), remaining N through urea. The highest sustainable yield index of soybean (SYIS), i.e. 0.90 was under SN1+ remaining N through urea and likewise highest sustainable yield index of wheat (SYIW) was under S splitting. The application of SN also improved the nutrient acquisition and grain quality of soybean and wheat with a positive nutrient balance in the soil. The protein content and yield of soybean and wheat grains also improved. The higher gluten content in wheat grain was produced with 60 kg S ha-1 applied. The agronomic efficiency of N and S (AEN and AEs) were highest under SN1 and SN2, respectively (32.8 kg grain/kg N applied; 15 kg grain/kg S applied) in soybean, however in wheat, S splitting and urea application resulted in highest agronomic efficiency (AEN and AES) of N and S (17.1 kg grain/kg N applied; 22.3 kg grain/kg S applied respectively). Hence splitting of S doses of SN along with urea and recommend P, K was found efficient for the soybean-wheat cropping system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Singh Rathore
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - K.C. Sharma
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Indore Centre, 452 001, India
| | - Kapila Shekhawat
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Subhash Babu
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - G.D. Sanketh
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - V.K. Singh
- ICAR- Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, 500 059, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rajiv K. Singh
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Pravin Kumar Upadhyay
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Mohd Hashim
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Samastipur Centre, 848 125, India
| | - Rameti Jangir
- Department of Agronomy, Agricultural University, Jodhpur, 342 304, Rajasthan, India
| | - Harvir Singh
- ICAR- Directorate of Rapeseed Mustard Research, 321 303, India
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Lim JY, Song HJ, Kim GW, Kim PJ. Changes in agricultural nitrogen (N) balance of OECD countries and its causes and impacts. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119853. [PMID: 38141344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) developed soil surface nutrient balance and made it mandatory for member countries to report annual nutrient budgets since 1990. This study aimed to evaluate the status of nitrogen (N) management in member countries and to figure out why N surplus levels differ across countries and how they relate to other agri-environmental indicators, by analyzing the N budgets from 35 OECD countries over the last 30 years. Of the three factors determining N balance (agricultural land area, N input, and N output), agricultural land area decreased in most OECD countries, negatively affecting N balance reduction. However, OECD's average N balance highly decreased from 91 to 46 kg ha-1 over the last 30 years due to the decrease in N input through inorganic fertilizers and manure, especially in EU countries with high N input levels, while N output did not meaningfully change. In comparison, in Japan and Korea, the N balance slightly increased and they became the highest N balance country recently. A higher N balance led to lower N use efficiency and higher ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission intensities. More densely populated countries with smaller agricultural land per capita (ranging from 0.03 to 0.47 ha capita-1) showed a higher N balance (228-80 kg ha-1), presumably due to higher N input for more agricultural production on limited land. The most densely populated countries among OECD members (Belgium, the Netherlands, Korea, and Japan) had similar N input levels. However, two EU countries had much higher N output than two Asian countries due to higher pasture production, which led to a lower N balance and higher N use efficiency. Therefore, highly populated countries with small arable land areas per capita might need multilateral efforts to alleviate agricultural N balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Lim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program), Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institute for Microbiology, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hyeon Ji Song
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program), Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Won Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program), Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pil Joo Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+ Program), Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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Kirk L, Compton JE, Neale A, Sabo RD, Christensen J. Our national nutrient reduction needs: Applying a conservation prioritization framework to US agricultural lands. J Environ Manage 2024; 351:119758. [PMID: 38086118 PMCID: PMC10851882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Targeted conservation approaches seek to focus resources on areas where they can deliver the greatest benefits and are recognized as key to reducing nonpoint source nutrients from agricultural landscapes into sensitive receiving waters. Moreover, there is growing recognition of the importance and complementarity of in-field and edge-of-field conservation for reaching nutrient reduction goals. Here we provide a generic prioritization that can help with spatial targeting and applied it across the conterminous US (CONUS). The prioritization begins with identifying areas with high agricultural nutrient surplus, i.e., where the most nitrogen (N) and/or phosphorus (P) inputs are left on the landscape after crop harvest. Subwatersheds with high surplus included 52% and 50% of CONUS subwatersheds for N and P, respectively, and were located predominantly in the Midwest for N, in the South for P, and in California for both N and P. Then we identified the most suitable conservation strategies using a hierarchy of metrics including nutrient use efficiency (proportion of new nutrient inputs removed by crop harvest), tile drainage, existing buffers for agricultural run-off, and wetland restoration potential. In-field nutrient input reduction emerged as a priority because nutrient use efficiency fell below a high but achievable goal of 0.7 (30% of nutrients applied are not utilized) in 45% and 44% of CONUS subwatersheds for N and P, respectively. In many parts of the southern and western US, in-field conservation (i.e., reducing inputs + preventing nutrients from leaving fields) alone was likely the optimal strategy as agriculture was already well-buffered. However, stacking in-field conservation with additional edge-of-field buffering would be important to conservation strategies in 35% and 29% of CONUS subwatersheds for N and P, respectively. Nutrient use efficiencies were often high enough in the Midwest that proposed strategies focused more on preventing nutrients from leaving fields, managing tile effluent, and buffering agricultural fields. Almost all major river basins would benefit from a variety of nutrient reduction conservation strategies, underscoring the potential of targeted approaches to help limit excess nutrients in surface and ground waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Kirk
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education - US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Jana E Compton
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
| | - Anne Neale
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Public Health and Environmental Systems Division, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert D Sabo
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Health and Environmental Effects Division, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jay Christensen
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Watershed and Ecosystem Characterization Division, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Zhu Z, Yogev U, Keesman KJ, Rachmilevitch S, Gross A. Integrated hydroponics systems with anaerobic supernatant and aquaculture effluent in desert regions: Nutrient recovery and benefit analysis. Sci Total Environ 2023; 904:166867. [PMID: 37678536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydroponics is a resource-efficient system that increases food production and enhances the overall sustainability of agricultural systems, particularly in arid zones with prevalent water scarcity and limited areas of arable land. This study investigated zero-waste hydroponics systems fed by agricultural waste streams as nutrient sources under desert conditions. Three pilot-scale systems were tested and compared. The first hydroponics system ("HPAP") received its nutrient source internally from an aquaponic system, including supernatant from the anaerobic digestion of fish sludge. The second system ("HPAD") was sourced by the supernatant of plant waste anaerobic digestion, and the third served as a control that was fed by commercial Hoagland solution ("HPHS"). Fresh weight production was similar in all treatments, ranging from 488 to 539 g per shoot, corresponding to 5.7 to 6.0 kg total wet weight per m2. The recovery of N and P from wastes and their subsequent uptake by plants was highly efficient, with rates of 77 % for N and 65 % for P. Plants that were fed using supernatants demonstrated slightly higher plant quality compared with those grown in Hoagland solution. Over the duration of the full study (3 months), water was only used to compensate for evapotranspiration, corresponding to ~10 L per kg of lettuce. The potential health risk for heavy metals was negligible, as assessed using the health-risk index (HRI < 1) and targeted hazardous quotient (THQ < 1). The results of this study demonstrate that careful management can significantly reduce pollution, increase the recovery of nutrients and water, and improve hydroponics production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhu
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker Campus, Midreshet Ben Gurion 84990, Israel; Mathematical and Statistical Methods - Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Uri Yogev
- National Center for Mariculture, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research Institute, Eilat 88112, Israel
| | - Karel J Keesman
- Mathematical and Statistical Methods - Biometris, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Shimon Rachmilevitch
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology for Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker Campus, Midreshet Ben Gurion 84990, Israel
| | - Amit Gross
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Sde Boker Campus, Midreshet Ben Gurion 84990, Israel.
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Graf M, Greenfield LM, Reay MK, Bargiela R, Williams GB, Onyije C, Lloyd CEM, Bull ID, Evershed RP, Golyshin PN, Chadwick DR, Jones DL. Increasing concentration of pure micro- and macro-LDPE and PP plastic negatively affect crop biomass, nutrient cycling, and microbial biomass. J Hazard Mater 2023; 458:131932. [PMID: 37390687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 50 years, the intense use of agricultural plastic in the form of mulch films has led to an accumulation of plastic in soil, creating a legacy of plastic in agricultural fields. Plastic often contains additives, however it is still largely unknown how these compounds affect soil properties, potentially influencing or masking effects of the plastic itself. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pure plastics of varying sizes and concentrations, to improve our understanding of plastic-only interactions within soil-plant mesocosms. Maize (Zea mays L.) was grown over eight weeks following the addition of micro and macro low-density polyethylene and polypropylene at increasing concentrations (equivalent to 1, 10, 25, and 50 years mulch film use) and the effects of plastic on key soil and plant properties were measured. We found the effect of both macro and microplastic on soil and plant health is negligible in the short-term (1 to <10 years). However, ≥ 10 years of plastic application for both plastic types and sizes resulted in a clear negative effect on plant growth and microbial biomass. This study provides vital insight into the effect of both macro and microplastics on soil and plant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Graf
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Lucy M Greenfield
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Michaela K Reay
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Rafael Bargiela
- Centre of Environmental Biotechnology, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Gwion B Williams
- Centre of Environmental Biotechnology, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Charles Onyije
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Charlotte E M Lloyd
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Ian D Bull
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Richard P Evershed
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Peter N Golyshin
- Centre of Environmental Biotechnology, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - David R Chadwick
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Davey L Jones
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK; Centre of Environmental Biotechnology, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK; SoilsWest, Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
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Sharma B, Tiwari S, Kumawat KC, Cardinale M. Nano-biofertilizers as bio-emerging strategies for sustainable agriculture development: Potentiality and their limitations. Sci Total Environ 2023; 860:160476. [PMID: 36436627 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a burgeoning revolutionary technology in the 21st century. Climate emergencies caused by natural or anthropogenic activities have tragically consequential repercussions on agricultural output worldwide. Modern cropping systems profoundly rely on synthetic fertilizers to deliver necessary nutrients, yet their prolonged and persistent administration is hazardous to the environment, soil fertility, and nutritional dynamics of the rhizospheric microbiome. By addressing the drawback of physico-chemically synthesized nano-dimensioned fertilizer, this review emphasizes on integrating nanoparticles and biofertilizers conjointly as nano-biofertilizers (NBF) which can safeguard global food security, in light of the population surge. Inoculation with nanoparticles and biofertilizers strengthens plant growth and stress tolerance. However, combined together (NBF), they have emerged as a more economically and environmentally sustainable, highly versatile, and long-lasting agriculture tool. Microbe-based green synthesis using the encapsulation of inorganic nanoparticles of Si, Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni, Ti, and Ag as well as organic materials, including chitosan, cellulose, and starch, to formulate NBFs can eliminate the constraints of conventional fertilizer contamination. The application of NBFs is in its infancy in agriculture, yet it has promising potential for transforming traditional farming techniques into smart agriculture, compared to any of the existing strategies. From this perspective, this review is an attempt to provide a comprehensive understanding of the formulations, fabrication, and characterization of NBFs while unraveling the underlying mechanisms of plant-NBF interactions along with their contribution to climate change-induced biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. We substantially summarize the latest advancements of field applications of NBFs for precision farming. Moreover, we critically revised their applications in agro-ecosystems according to the current literature, while also discussing the bottlenecks and future trends for developing potent NBFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barkha Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shalini Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kailash Chand Kumawat
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India.
| | - Massimiliano Cardinale
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies - DiSTeBA, University of Salento, SP6 Lecce-Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
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Reshma Z, Meenal K. Foliar application of biosynthesised zinc nanoparticles as a strategy for ferti-fortification by improving yield, zinc content and zinc use efficiency in amaranth. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10912. [PMID: 36247155 PMCID: PMC9562344 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency in zinc is widely prevalent in developing countries. Ferti-fortification is one of the easiest and quickest options for improving the zinc content in food. Consumption of such food can provide zinc in adequate amounts to the individual. Nanotechnology is now envisioned as the future of agriculture owing to the immense advantages of nanoparticles over bulk materials. In this work, the effect of zinc nanoparticles (Nps) synthesized via biological route using moringa leaves extract was studied on seed germination, its growth parameters, zinc content and nutrient use efficiency in amaranth crop. Moringa leaves are rich in plant metabolites such as amino acids, alkaloids, flavonoids, sugars and fatty acids as confirmed by the UPLC-MS system analysis. The XRD studies show that the biosynthesized Nps were hexagonal crystals with an average size of 23.69 nm. The particle size as indicated by scanning electron microscopy was between 15 to 30 nm, and by DLS was 22.8 nm. Foliar application of 10 ppm biosynthesized zinc Nps, resulted in the highest plant height and fresh weight. Although, an increase in concentration of zinc applied through foliar route led to higher zinc content in the plant biomass, the nutrient use efficiency indices indicated that zinc Nps at 10 ppm concentration resulted in better nutrient recovery, improved yield and productivity with respect to the nutrient input. This reflects the advantage of biologically synthesized Nps over the bulk counterparts. These results show that the biologically synthesized Nps can be an attractive alternative to conventional fertilizers for nutrient biofortification and better crop yields.
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Oyetunji O, Bolan N, Hancock G. A comprehensive review on enhancing nutrient use efficiency and productivity of broadacre (arable) crops with the combined utilization of compost and fertilizers. J Environ Manage 2022; 317:115395. [PMID: 35751241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Broadacre (arable) crops generally require a relatively higher nutrient input toward yield targets. The efficient use of nutrients in arable farmlands is very vital to this endeavor. It minimizes fertilizer input and adverse soil and environmental implications that may arise from the incremental use of fertilizers. It is understood that enhancing the natural capacity of the soil (i.e., the soil's physical, chemical, and biological quality), may effectively improve soil nutrient dynamics, availability, and efficient use by crops. The adoption of integrated nutrient management (INM) approaches such as the organic amendment of the soil in addition to fertilizer use has shown positive impacts on maintaining and recovering soil quality, hence lowering excessive fertilizer use in farmlands. Therefore, this review contextualized the effect of compost and fertilizer on nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and productivity of broadacre crops. The use of compost as an organic soil amendment material has shown some inherently unique advantages and beneficial impacts on soil health and fertility such as improved soil structure, nutrient retention, mobilization, and bioavailability. Several studies have explored these comparative advantages by either blending compost with chemical fertilizer before soil application or a co-application and have noted the observed amelioration of unfavorable soil conditions such as low porosity, high bulk density, low organic matter (OM), unfavorable pH, and cation exchange capacity (CEC), low biological activities with different doses of compost. Consequently, the co-utilization of composts and chemical fertilizers may become viable substitutes for chemical fertilizers in maintaining soil fertility, improving NUE, and crop yield in farmlands. The review further described the comparative environmental and economic implications of adopting the combined utilization of compost and fertilizers in farmlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwadunsin Oyetunji
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; CRC for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, Australia.
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Greg Hancock
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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Chivenge P, Zingore S, Ezui K, Njoroge S, Bunquin M, Dobermann A, Saito K. Progress in research on site-specific nutrient management for smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. Field Crops Res 2022; 281:108503. [PMID: 35582149 PMCID: PMC8935389 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing fertilizer access and use is an essential component for improving crop production and food security in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, given the heterogeneous nature of smallholder farms, fertilizer application needs to be tailored to specific farming conditions to increase yield, profitability, and nutrient use efficiency. The site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) approach initially developed in the 1990 s for generating field-specific fertilizer recommendations for rice in Asia, has also been introduced to rice, maize and cassava cropping systems in SSA. The SSNM approach has been shown to increase yield, profitability, and nutrient use efficiency. Yield gains of rice and maize with SSNM in SSA were on average 24% and 69% when compared to the farmer practice, respectively, or 11% and 4% when compared to local blanket fertilizer recommendations. However, there is need for more extensive field evaluation to quantify the broader benefits of the SSNM approach in diverse farming systems and environments. Especially for rice, the SSNM approach should be expanded to rainfed systems, which are dominant in SSA and further developed to take into account soil texture and soil water availability. Digital decision support tools such as RiceAdvice and Nutrient Expert can enable wider dissemination of locally relevant SSNM recommendations to reach large numbers of farmers at scale. One of the major limitations of the currently available SSNM decision support tools is the requirement of acquiring a significant amount of farm-specific information needed to formulate SSNM recommendations. The scaling potential of SSNM will be greatly enhanced by integration with other agronomic advisory platforms and seamless integration of digital soil, climate and crop information to improve predictions of SSNM recommendations with reduced need for on-farm data collection. Uncertainty should also be included in future solutions, primarily to also better account for varying prices and economic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Chivenge
- African Plant Nutrition Institute, UM6P Experimental Farm, Benguérir 41350, Morocco
- Corresponding author.
| | - S. Zingore
- African Plant Nutrition Institute, UM6P Experimental Farm, Benguérir 41350, Morocco
| | - K.S. Ezui
- African Plant Nutrition Institute, ICIPE Campus, Duduville – Kasarani, Thika Road, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - S. Njoroge
- African Plant Nutrition Institute, ICIPE Campus, Duduville – Kasarani, Thika Road, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M.A. Bunquin
- Analytical Services Laboratory, Department of Soil Science, Agricultural Systems Institute, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of the Philippines, College, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - A. Dobermann
- International Fertilizer Association (IFA), 49, Avenue d′Iena, 75116 Paris, France
| | - K. Saito
- Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 B.P. 2551, Bouaké 01, Côte d′Ivoire
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11
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Gessesew WS, Elias E, Gebresamuel G, Tefera W. Soil type and fertilizer rate affect wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield, quality and nutrient use efficiency in Ayiba, northern Ethiopia. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13344. [PMID: 35573173 PMCID: PMC9097669 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The blanket NP fertilizer recommendation over the past five decades in Ethiopia did not result in a significant increment of crop productivity. The main lack of success was highly linked to the extrapolating approach of one site success to others without considering the climate, soil, and ecological setting and variations. As a result, a new fertilization approach was desperately needed, and with this premise, new blended fertilizers are now being introduced to replace the conventional approach. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the effect of NPSZnB blended fertilizer on bread wheat yield attributes, quality traits and use efficiency in two different soil types under rain-fed conditions in Ayiba, northern Ethiopia. Relevant agronomic data were evaluated and recorded from plots of each soil types for analysis. The analysis of variance revealed a significant (p < 0.001) variation on all the agronomic and grain quality traits due to the main and interaction effects of soil type and fertilizer treatment factors. Most agronomic and quality characteristics recorded the highest result in the highest treatment applications (175 and 150 kg NPSZnB ha-1) in both soils. Yield and grain quality traits of bread wheat was also found better under fertilized plots than unfertilized plots. In both soil types increasing application of the new blended fertilizer rate from 50-175 kg NPSZnB ha-1 showed an increasing trend in grain yield from 1.6 to 4.3 and 2.5 to 5.4 t ha-1 in Vertisol and Cambisol soils, respectively. The varied yield as a response of fertilizer treatments across soils signifies soil-specific fertilization approach is critically important for production increment. On the other hand, based on the partial budget analysis the highest net benefit with the highest marginal rate of return in both Vertisol and Cambisol soils were obtained when treated with 100 and 125 kg NPSZnB ha-1, respectively. Therefore, to produce optimum bread wheat yield under rainfed conditions in Ayiba (northern Ethiopia) fertilizing Vertisols with 100 kg NPSZnB ha-1 and fertilizing Cambisols with 125 kg NPSZnB ha-1 is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weldemariam S. Gessesew
- Department of Horticulture, Salale University, Fiche, Oromia, Ethiopia,Center for Environmental Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eyasu Elias
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Girmay Gebresamuel
- Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Wolde Tefera
- Department of Plant Science, Salale University, Fiche, Oromia, Ethiopia
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12
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Naciri R, Rajib W, Chtouki M, Zeroual Y, Oukarroum A. Potassium and phosphorus content ratio in hydroponic culture affects tomato plant growth and nutrient uptake. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2022; 28:763-774. [PMID: 35592482 PMCID: PMC9110585 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mineral nutrient deficiencies induce a cascade of physiological, morphological, and biochemical changes in plants which reduce vegetative growth. In this work, the impact of P and K concentration levels on tomato plant development grown in hydroponic culture was investigated. Root morphology, chlorophyll a fluorescence, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content, and shoot and root biomass were analyzed. Root morphology showed significant differences among the plants grown in hydroponic culture with different concentrations of P and K. Plant root/shoot dry biomass ratio decreased by 22 and 35% for P15K0 and P30K0, respectively, compared to the control (P30K232). The deficiency of P and K (individually or both) reduced significantly the root mass density parameter. For example, root mass density decreased by 38% at P15K0 treatment compared to control. Correlation analysis showed that the P and K content ratio in shoot and root was significantly and positively correlated with root volume. Deficiencies in K and P decreased the relative size of the PSI final electron acceptor pool and the electron flow on the acceptor side of PSI. Tomato growth response depend on the availability of P and K, however, interactions between these two nutrients could influence their uptake and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachida Naciri
- University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Lot-660 Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Wiam Rajib
- University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Lot-660 Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Chtouki
- University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Lot-660 Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Youssef Zeroual
- University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Lot-660 Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Oukarroum
- University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Lot-660 Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150 Ben Guerir, Morocco
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Ding Z, Hu R, Styles D, Wang X, Tian Y, Cao Y, Hou J. Optimized ratoon rice system to sustain cleaner food production in Jianghan Plain, China: a comprehensive emergy assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:24639-24650. [PMID: 34825331 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ratoon rice (RR) is regarded as a labor-saving and efficient approach to rice cultivation; however, sub-optimal production techniques (fertilization, irrigation, harvesting) may lead to serious environmental problems and unsustainable agriculture. In this study, emergy analysis was combined with indicators of soil fertility, global warming potential (GWP), and profitability to comprehensively assess the sustainability performance of three cultivation modes: (i) traditional farm practice (TRA), (ii) optimized mode (OPT), and (iii) OPT plus green manure planting (OPTM). Over 2 years, compared with the TRA mode, OPT and OPTM modes increased total rice yield by 10% and 19% on average and improved profit by 233.7 and 456.5 Yuan ha-1, respectively. Single emergy analysis results showed that, compared with the TRA mode, OPT and OPTM (2-year average value) modes increased production efficiency by 10% and 8%, reduced renewable fraction and emergy sustainability index by 14-19% and 18-23%, respectively, and increased environmental loading ratio by 31% and 22%. Multiple EMA analysis results showed that, compared with the TRA mode, OPT and OPTM (2-year average value) modes reduced UEVNmin by 23% and 21% and increased UEVGWP 32% and 51%, respectively. The UEVTotal revenue and UEVBenefit of OPT and OPTM increased by 8-29% and 4-37%, respectively, compared with TRA mode. The comprehensive assessment indicated that, despite OPT and OPTM modes have a range of improvements and dis-improvements versus the TRA mode, OPTM was the more sustainable mode of RR production overall. However, some sustainability indicators remained poor, and there remains scope for further optimization via, e.g., precision application of enhanced-efficiency fertilizers, application of a straw-decomposing inoculant to improve soil fertility, and use of new improved rice varieties with high regenerative ability to improve the yield of ratoon crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijuan Ding
- College of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wet Land, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, No.88-2 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Ren Hu
- College of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wet Land, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, No.88-2 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - David Styles
- School of Engineering, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Wales, LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yingbing Tian
- College of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wet Land, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, No.88-2 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Yuxian Cao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Jun Hou
- College of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wet Land, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, No.88-2 Jingmi Road, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
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Wang Y, Wang S, Sun J, Dai H, Zhang B, Xiang W, Hu Z, Li P, Yang J, Zhang W. Nanobubbles promote nutrient utilization and plant growth in rice by upregulating nutrient uptake genes and stimulating growth hormone production. Sci Total Environ 2021; 800:149627. [PMID: 34426308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive application of chemical fertilizers can lead to serious environmental problems. In this study, we explored the use of nanobubble water for irrigation of crop rice as a means of reducing fertilizer use. The effect of nanobubbles on plant growth and nutrient uptake was evaluated in the laboratory, while crop yield and the efficiency of fertilizer use were evaluated in a field study. The laboratory experiments indicated that nanobubbles significantly improve plant height and root length in rice seedlings. Nanobubble treatment stimulated synthesis of the growth hormone gibberellin and upregulated the plant nutrient absorption genes OsBT, PiT-1 and SKOR, resulting in increased nutrient uptake and utilization by the roots. The field experiments verified the laboratory observations, showing that nanobubble treatment significantly increases rice yield by almost 8% when using similar levels of fertilizer as controls. Moreover, the same yield as controls was achieved with approximately 25% less fertilizer. As well as their impact on growth hormones and nutrient absorption genes, nanobubbles, due to hydrophobic and surface charge properties, enhance the release and absorption of soil nutrients, thereby reducing fertilizer demand. Overall, this study highlights a new and sustainable water irrigation strategy for enhancing crop yield and reducing chemical fertilizer waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Research Center for Ecological Science and Technology, Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, 351 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Shanghai Jincui Agriculture Company, Jinyang Road, Yangwan Village, Shanghai 201718, China
| | - Hengren Dai
- Shanghai Jincui Agriculture Company, Jinyang Road, Yangwan Village, Shanghai 201718, China
| | - Beijun Zhang
- Shanghai Jincui Agriculture Company, Jinyang Road, Yangwan Village, Shanghai 201718, China
| | - Weidong Xiang
- Research Center for Ecological Science and Technology, Fudan Zhangjiang Institute, 351 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zixin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China; Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 825 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Pan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jinshui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
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15
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El-Saadony MT, ALmoshadak AS, Shafi ME, Albaqami NM, Saad AM, El-Tahan AM, Desoky ESM, Elnahal AS, Almakas A, Abd El-Mageed TA, Taha AE, Elrys AS, Helmy AM. Vital roles of sustainable nano-fertilizers in improving plant quality and quantity-an updated review. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7349-7359. [PMID: 34867037 PMCID: PMC8626263 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has received much attention because of its distinctive properties and many applications in various fields. Nanotechnology is a new approach to increase agricultural production with premium quality, environmental safety, biological support, and financial stability. Ecofriendly technology is becoming progressively important in modern agricultural applications as alternatives to traditional fertilizers and pesticides. Nanotechnology offers an alternative solution to overcome the disadvantages of conventional agriculture. Therefore, recent developments in using nanoparticles (NPs) in agriculture should be studied. This review presented a novel overview about the biosynthesis of NPs, using NPs as nano-fertilizers and nano-pesticides, the applications of NPs in agriculture, and their role in enhancing the function of biofactors. We also, show recent studies on NPs-plant interactions, the fate and safety of nanomaterials in plants, and NPs' function in alleviating the adverse effects of abiotic stress and heavy metal toxicity. Nano-fertilizers are essential to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers and reduce their antagonistic effects on the environment. Nano-fertilizers are more reactive, can penetrate the epidermis allowing for gradual release, and targeted distribution, and thus reducing nutrients surplus, enhancing nutrient use efficiency. We also, concluded that NPs are crucial in alleviating abiotic stress and heavy metal toxicity. However, some studies reported the toxic effects of NPs on higher plants by induction of oxidative stress signals via depositing NPs on the cell surface and in organelles. The knowledge in our review article is critical in defining limitations and future perspectives of using nano-fertilizers as an alternative to conventional fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ameina S. ALmoshadak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Botany (Ecophysiology, chemotexnomy), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal E. Shafi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najah M. Albaqami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Saad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Amira M. El-Tahan
- Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific, Research and Technological Applications, SRTA-City, Borg El Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed M. Desoky
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S.M. Elnahal
- Plant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Aisha Almakas
- Department of Crops and Pastures, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana’a University, Yemen
| | - Taia A. Abd El-Mageed
- Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Ayman E. Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary, Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina 22578, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Elrys
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ayman M. Helmy
- Soil Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
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Yang G, Nabi F, Sajid S, Kaleri AR, Jakhar AM, Cheng L, Raspor M, Muhammad N, Ma J, Hu Y. Response of root development and nutrient uptake of two chinese cultivars of hybrid rice to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization in Sichuan Province, China. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:8009-8021. [PMID: 34665398 PMCID: PMC8604849 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Chemical fertilization helped modern agriculture in grain yield improvement to ensure food security. The response of chemical fertilization for higher hybrid rice production is highly dependent on optimal fertilization management in paddy fields. To assess such responses, in the current work we examine the yield, root growth, and expression of related genes responsible for stress metabolism of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in two hybrid-rice cultivars Deyou4727 (D47) and Yixiangyou2115 (Y21). Methods and results The experiment followed four nitrogen (N) (N0, N60, N120, and N180 kg/ha) and phosphorus (P) (P0, P60, P90, and P120 kg/ha) fertilizer levels. The grain yield in D47 was more sensitive to nitrogen application, while Y21 was more sensitive to phosphorus application, which resulted in comparatively higher biomass and yield. Our findings were corroborated by gene expression studies of glutamine synthetase OsGS1;1 and OsGS1;2 and phosphate starvation-related genes PHR1 and SPX, confirming sensitivity to N and P application. The number of roots was less sensitive to nitrogen application in D47 between N0 and N60, but the overall nutrient response difference was significantly higher due to the deep rooting system as compared to Y21. Conclusions The higher yield, high N and P use efficiency, and versatile root growth of D47 make it suitable to reduce unproductive usage of N and P from paddy fields, improving hybrid rice productivity, and environmental safety in the Sichuan basin area of China. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11033-021-06835-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotao Yang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.,College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Farhan Nabi
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Sumbal Sajid
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Abdul Rasheed Kaleri
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Ali Murad Jakhar
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China.,Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Liang Cheng
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Martin Raspor
- Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković-National Institute of Republic of Serbia,, University of Belgrade, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Noor Muhammad
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yungao Hu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China.
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17
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Lim JY, Islam Bhuiyan MS, Lee SB, Lee JG, Kim PJ. Agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus balances of Korea and Japan: Highest nutrient surplus among OECD member countries. Environ Pollut 2021; 286:117353. [PMID: 34052652 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Excessive nutrient balance is a very crucial issue for environmental hazards. The constant addition of high-amounts of nutrient sources in agricultural production generates negative environmental conditions in Korea and Japan yet to be resolved. Therefore, it is obligatory to comprehend the nutrient (nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) balance that is assessed by the difference between nutrient input and output in the soil surface in Korea and Japan. Among 34 Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, Korea and Japan had the highest N and P balances and thus both countries are primarily responsible for severe environmental pollution via nutrient release. The cultivable land area in both countries has constantly decreased during 1990-2017 at approximately 20 and 15% in Korea and Japan, respectively. Even N and P use efficiency sharply decreased with increasing N and P balance in both targeted countries. Japanese P balance, Korean N and P balances were decreased after the mid-1990s whereas, Japanese N balance almost unchanged for the last 28 years. Unlike chemical fertilizer input, Korean manure input level significantly increased from 78 kg N ha-1 in 1990 to 157 kg N ha-1 in 2017. Japanese manure input level was higher than that of chemical fertilizer without any big change for the last 28 years. The lion share of high N and P balance in both countries could generate from manure inputs, therefore, the number of livestock and their produced debris need to be used with more cautious for the reduction of national N and P surpluses at a benchmark level. These findings ensure to make a more environment friendly policy that can further reduce nutrient balance as well as improve soil health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Lim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21+ Program), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Saiful Islam Bhuiyan
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; Department of Soil Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Seul Bi Lee
- Soil & Fertilizer Management Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gu Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Joo Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21+ Program), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Lee JG, Chae HG, Hwang HY, Kim PJ, Cho SR. Effect of plastic film mulching on maize productivity and nitrogen use efficiency under organic farming in South Korea. Sci Total Environ 2021; 787:147503. [PMID: 33992938 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Winter cover crop cultivation and its biomass recycling as green manure (GM) were accepted as an ideal nutrient management practice in temperate organic farming fields. Since its biomass growth was boosted with air temperature rising from late Spring to early Summer, this stage overlapped with cash crops' seeding or transplanting. Thus, organic farmers were suffering from low crop productivity, due to delayed mineralization of incorporated biomass. To accelerate the mineralization of biomass nutrients and control weeds, plastic film mulching (PM) was broadly utilized in organic farming fields of temperate-monsoon climate region. However, the effect of PM on increasing nutrient use efficiency was not properly quantified in GM amended soil. To determine the effect of PM on crop productivity and nutrient use efficiency in GM amended soils, PM and no-mulching treatments were installed under different levels of GM biomass amended soils (0, 25, 50 and 100% of harvested aboveground biomass). The biomass productivity of barley and hairy vetch mixture as cover crop and biomass nitrogen productivity were dramatically increased from the mid May to the early June. PM significantly improved soil temperature and moisture regimes during maize cropping seasons, and then increased inorganic N (NH4+ and NO3-) contents in soils. These improved soil properties under PM highly increased maize productivity and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Comparing with no-mulching, as GM application level was increased, the effect of PM on increasing maize productivity became greater, but its effect on increasing NUE became smaller. In conclusion, PM could be very useful tool to improve productivity and NUE of cash crop maize in organic cropping fields, in which the harvesting time of GM biomass might be sustained to increase GM biomass productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Gu Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21+ Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Ho Gyeong Chae
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21+ Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Hyun Young Hwang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21+ Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Pil Joo Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21+ Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea; Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea.
| | - Song Rae Cho
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK 21+ Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea.
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Moorby JM, Fraser MD. Review: New feeds and new feeding systems in intensive and semi-intensive forage-fed ruminant livestock systems. Animal 2021; 15 Suppl 1:100297. [PMID: 34312094 PMCID: PMC8664714 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The contributions that ruminant livestock make to greenhouse gas and other pollutant emissions are well documented and of considerable policy and public concern. At the same time, livestock production continues to play an important role in providing nutrient-rich foodstuffs for many people, particularly in less developed countries. They also offer a means by which plants that cannot be digested by humans, e.g. grass, can be converted into human-edible protein. In this review, we consider opportunities to improve nutrient capture by ruminant livestock through new feeds and feeding systems concentrating on intensive and semi-intensive systems, which we define as those in which animals are given diets that are designed and managed to be used as efficiently as possible. We consider alternative metrics for quantifying efficiency, taking into account resource use at a range of scales. Mechanisms for improving the performance and efficiencies of both individual animals and production systems are highlighted. We then go on to map these to potential changes in feeds and feeding systems. Particular attention is given to improving nitrogen use efficiency and reducing enteric methane production. There is significant potential for the use of home-grown crops or novel feedstuffs such as insects and macroalgae to act as alternative sources of key amino acids and reduce reliance on unsustainably grown soybeans. We conclude by highlighting the extent to which climate change could impact forage-based livestock production and the need to begin work on developing appropriate adaptation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Moorby
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, UK.
| | - M D Fraser
- Pwllpeiran Upland Research Centre, Aberystwyth University, Cwmystwyth, Aberystwyth SY23 4AB, UK
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20
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Saleem I, Maqsood MA, Rehman MZU, Aziz T, Bhatti IA, Ali S. Potassium ferrite nanoparticles on DAP to formulate slow release fertilizer with auxiliary nutrients. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 215:112148. [PMID: 33756292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low use efficiency of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) is major challenge of modern agriculture. Coating of conventional fertilizers with nanomaterials is a promising technique for improved nutrient use efficiency. In current study, nanoparticles (NPs) of potassium ferrite (KFeO2 NPs) were coated on di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer with three rates (2, 5, 10%) of KFeO2 NPs and were evaluated for release of N, P, K and Fe supplementation in clay loam and loam soil up to 60 days. The NPs were characterized for crystal assemblage, bond formation, morphology and configuration using the x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform-infra red spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that size of NPs ranged between 7 and 18 nm. The controlled release of P in 10% KFeO2 nano-coated DAP was observed throughout the incubation period. The P release kept on increasing from day-1 (14.5 µg g-1) to day-60 (178.6 µg g-1) in coated DAP (10%) in loam soil. The maximum release of 50.4 µg g-1 NH4+1-N in coated DAP (10%) was observed after 30 days of incubation. The release of NO3-1-N was consistent up to 45 and 60 days in clay loam and loam soil, respectively. The average release of potassium and iron in 60 days was 19.7 µg g-1 and 7.3 µg g-1 higher in 10% coated DAP than traditional DAP in clay loam soil. It was concluded that KFeO2 nano-coated DAP supplied P and mineral N for longer period of time in both soils, and some higher coating levels should be tested in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifra Saleem
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamer Maqsood
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Aziz
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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21
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Hou J, Wang X, Xu Q, Cao Y, Zhang D, Zhu J. Rice-crayfish systems are not a panacea for sustaining cleaner food production. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:22913-22926. [PMID: 33432412 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Integrated rice-crayfish systems are expanding rapidly and are the most widely applied planting-breeding modes in Jianghan Plain in China. We conducted nutrient use efficiency, economic, and emergy analysis of three rice production modes, namely, rice monoculture (RM), rice-crayfish rotation (RCR), and rice-crayfish coculture (RCC), in Jingzhou City, which is located in the Jianghan Plain. Compared with RM mode, rice-crayfish systems using the RCR and RCC modes increased rice yield by 5-7%, showed more than 8% higher chemical nutrient use efficiency, and increased the value-to-cost ratio from 1.5-fold to 2.7-fold and the benefit-cost ratio from 2.5-fold to 3.8-fold, while decreasing irrigation water consumption and land occupation by 31% and 82-86%, respectively. RCC resulted in 10% higher crayfish yield, 12% higher phosphorus use efficiency, and 38% higher feed use efficiency than RCR. However, compared with RM, rice-crayfish systems decreased renewable fraction by 10-14%, emergy yield ratio by 9%, and emergy sustainability index by 23-26%, and they increased environmental loading ratio to 18-23%. Labor and service, fertilizer utilization, and machine and tools play important roles in these negative environmental effects. Scenario analysis showed that the rice-crayfish systems increased sustainability index by 38-45%. The technical training of new planting-breeding technology should be adopted by farmers for the efficient use of fertilizers and improvement of food yield. This study suggests that rice‑crayfish systems are not a panacea to sustain cleaner food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hou
- College of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
- Anhui Liuguo Chemical Co. LTD, Tongling, 244023, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Wenchang Middle Road No. 567, Yangzhou City, 225009, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxian Cao
- College of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Dingyue Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhu
- College of Agriculture, Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
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22
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McKay Fletcher DM, Ruiz SA, Dias T, Chadwick DR, Jones DL, Roose T. Precipitation-optimised targeting of nitrogen fertilisers in a model maize cropping system. Sci Total Environ 2021; 756:144051. [PMID: 33280884 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Typically, half of the nitrogen (N) fertiliser applied to agricultural fields is lost to the wider environment. This inefficiency is driven by soil processes such as denitrification, volatilisation, surface run-off and leaching. Rainfall plays an important role in regulating these processes, ultimately governing when and where N fertiliser moves in soil and its susceptibility to gaseous loss. The interaction between rainfall, plant N uptake and N losses, however, remains poorly understood. In this study we use numerical modelling to predict the optimal N fertilisation strategy with respect to rainfall patterns and offer mechanistic explanations to the resultant differences in optimal times of fertiliser application. We developed a modelling framework that describes water and N transport in soil over a growing season and assesses nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of split fertilisations within the context of different rainfall patterns. We used ninety rainfall patterns to determine their impact on optimal N fertilisation times. We considered the effects of root growth, root N uptake, microbial transformation of N and the effect of soil water saturation and flow on N movement in the soil profile. On average, we show that weather-optimised fertilisation strategies could improve crop N uptake by 20% compared to the mean uptake. In drier years, weather-optimising N applications improved the efficiency of crop N recovery by 35%. Further analysis shows that maximum plant N uptake is greatest under drier conditions due to reduced leaching, but it is harder to find the maximum due to low N mobility. The model could capture contrasting trends in NUE seen in previous arable cropping field trials. Furthermore, the model predicted that the variability in NUE seen in the field could be associated with precipitation-driven differences in N leaching and mobility. In conclusion, our results show that NUE in cropping systems could be significantly enhanced by synchronising fertiliser timings with both crop N demand and local weather patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M McKay Fletcher
- Bioengineering Sciences Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - S A Ruiz
- Bioengineering Sciences Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - T Dias
- Bioengineering Sciences Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - D R Chadwick
- School of Natural Science, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - D L Jones
- School of Natural Science, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK; SoilsWest, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - T Roose
- Bioengineering Sciences Research Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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23
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Yang G, Ji H, Liu H, Zhang Y, Chen L, Zheng J, Guo Z, Sheng J. Assessment of productivity, nutrient uptake and economic benefits of rice under different nitrogen management strategies. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9596. [PMID: 32821541 PMCID: PMC7395599 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Integrating a chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer with an organic fertilizer and using slow-release mechanism are important N management strategies to increase the N utilization efficiency (NUE) and grain yield of rice. However, the performances of both N management strategies on the productivity, the nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency, and the economic benefits of rice have not yet been comprehensively evaluated. Methods A 2-year field experiment was conducted with seven N management strategies without fertilizer (control), 100% conventional N fertilizer (conventional compound fertilizer and urea) (N100), 75% conventional N fertilizer with 25% organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (N75+OICF25), 50% conventional N fertilizer with 50% organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (N50+OICF50), 100% organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (OICF100), slow-release compound fertilizer with urea (SRCF+U), compound fertilizer with sulfur-coated urea (CF+SCU). The responses of the productivity, the nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency, and the economic benefits of rice to the different N management strategies were evaluated. Results CF+SCU performed comparably or better than N100, judging by the grain yield (GY), the N, phosphate (P) and potassium (K) agronomic efficiency (NAE, PAE and KAE), and the apparent N, P and K recovery efficiency (ANRE, APRE and AKRE). SRCF+U significantly increased the GY by an average of 7.7%, the NAE and the ANRE by 23.8 and 26.7%, the PAE and the APRE by 90.6 and 109.3%, and the KAE and the AKRE by 74.2 and 57.7%. The higher GY and nutrient utilization efficiency when using SRCF+U were attributed to the higher total biomass and total nutrient absorption. N75+OICF25 and N50+OICF50 produced a comparable grain yield than N100, whereas a significant yield reduction was observed when using OICF100. Compared with N100, N75+OICF25 resulted in a comparable or higher fertilizer use efficiency (0.3 and 4.7% for NAE and ANRE, 0.3 and 3.2% for PAE and APRE, 0.3 and -2.8% for KAE and AKRE). However, the fertilizer use efficiency when using N50+OICF50 and OICF100 were lower than with N100. The highest net return (NR) (5,845.03 yuan ha-1) and benefit to cost (B:C) ratio (0.34) were obtained when using SRCF+U. The NR and the B:C ratio when using N75+OICF25 were slightly higher than when using N100. However, N50+OICF50 and OICF100 significantly decreased the NR and the B:C ratio compared with N100 by 14.5 and 12.1% and by 35.1 and 29.0%, respectively. Conclusions SRCF+U and CF+SCU enhanced the crop productivity, the nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency, and the economic benefits compared with N100. The comprehensive performance of SRCF+U was better than that of CF+SCU. N75+OICF25 produced almost similar productivity, nutrient uptake and use efficiency compared with N100. It demonstrated that N75+OICF25 stabilized the grain yield production of rice and reduced the input of chemical N fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Yang
- Circular Agriculture Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongting Ji
- Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Hilly Area, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongjiang Liu
- Circular Agriculture Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuefang Zhang
- Circular Agriculture Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liugen Chen
- Circular Agriculture Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianchu Zheng
- Circular Agriculture Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi Guo
- Circular Agriculture Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Sheng
- Circular Agriculture Research Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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24
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Patel M, Rangani J, Kumari A, Parida AK. Mineral nutrient homeostasis, photosynthetic performance, and modulations of antioxidative defense components in two contrasting genotypes of Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut) for mitigation of nitrogen and/or phosphorus starvation. J Biotechnol 2020; 323:136-58. [PMID: 32827603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut) is a major oil yielding crop and its productivity is largely affected by the availability of nitrogen and phosphorus. The present study aims to elucidate the differential physiological and biochemical mechanisms involved in two contrasting genotypes of peanut for mitigation of N and/or P deficiency. The plants of two contrasting genotypes of peanut (GG7 and TG26) were subjected to N and/or P deficiency under hydroponic culture condition. After 15 d of N and/or P deficiency, various growth parameters, mineral nutrient status, nutrient use efficiency, photosynthesis, transpiration, water use efficiency, chlorophyll fluorescence, ROS level, and changes in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative components were measured in control and nutrient deficient plants. Our results showed that GG7 is fast-growing genotype than TG26 under control condition, whereas under N and/or P deficiency growth performance of GG7 was significantly declined as compared to TG26. The levels of photosynthetic pigments, net photosynthesis activity (PN), and stomatal conductance (gs) declined in N and/or P deficient plants of both the genotypes. However, quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) did not change significantly under N and/or P starvation in both the genotypes. In the present investigation, most of the antioxidative enzymes either remained in steady state or downregulated in both the genotypes of peanut under N and/or P deficiency condition. N and/or P deficiency did not influence the levels of ROS and oxidative stress indicators such as O2·-, H2O2, and MDA in both the genotypes. In the present investigation, the decline in growth in both the genotypes under N and/or P deficiency might be due to the reduced photosynthetic performance. Our results suggest that TG26 is more resistant to N and P deficiency than GG7 genotype. Higher NUE value of GG7 as compared to TG26 suggests that GG7 can utilize N more efficiently to promote biomass production than TG26 under sufficient nutrient condition. On the other hand, mineral resource allocation to leaf and higher PUE are key adaptive features of the TG26 genotype under N, and P deficiency conditions. The differential regulations of various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative components in peanut genotypes maintain the cellular redox homeostasis under mineral deficiency conditions and prevent the peanut plants from oxidative stress, thereby maintaining PSII efficiency. The information from the present study can be useful for the improvement of traits in peanut that can maintain the productivity under N and P deficient environment with minimum input of fertilizers.
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Wang H, Zhang X, Ma Y, Hou Y. Mitigation potential for carbon and nitrogen emissions in pig production systems: lessons from the North China Plain. Sci Total Environ 2020; 725:138482. [PMID: 32304969 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
China produces approximately half of the world's pork at a high environmental cost. Implementing mitigation measures requires a better understanding of pig farming systems that are often diverse in practice. Nutrient uses and losses can be largely altered due to these variations but have not, however, been fully evaluated; moreover, attention is rarely paid to pollution swapping. Our study evaluated carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) flows among pig farms on the North China Plain using the mass flow approach. The impacts of advanced mitigation measures on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and on C and N emissions were further analyzed via scenario analyses. The results showed that large variations among farms were observed by comparing the best-performing farms ("top 20%") with the "other" farms; the comparisons showed 31.3 vs. 21.3% for the system NUE, 3.0 vs. 5.7 kg N ·100 kg liveweight gain (LWG)-1 for manure N losses, and 108.1 vs. 146.4 kg CO2-eg·100 kg LWG-1 for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, respectively. Lower system NUE was caused by lower NUEs of pigs, followed by high N emissions from manure and excessive manure application. Scenario analyses indicated that the total N loss of systems can be mitigated by 10-13% through dietary manipulation and by 26%, 27%, and 13% by low-emission storage, biogas production with improved storage, and balanced fertilization, respectively. Anaerobic digestion was solely effective for GHG mitigation (46% reduction), but no impacts were observed for all other low-NH3 measures. Combining mitigation measures simultaneously decreased total N and GHG losses by 56% and 54%, respectively, and increased the system NUEs by 89%. The wide variations among farms suggest largely attainable improvements in productivity and nutrient use by closing the management gaps related to these factors. Proper combinations of advanced measures are further needed to achieve more effective mitigation goals for multiple pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Ma
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Yong Hou
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, 100193 Beijing, China.
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Thomas IA, Buckley C, Kelly E, Dillon E, Lynch J, Moran B, Hennessy T, Murphy PNC. Establishing nationally representative benchmarks of farm-gate nitrogen and phosphorus balances and use efficiencies on Irish farms to encourage improvements. Sci Total Environ 2020; 720:137245. [PMID: 32325548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture faces considerable challenges of achieving more sustainable production that minimises nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses and meets international obligations for water quality and greenhouse gas emissions. This must involve reducing nutrient balance (NB) surpluses and increasing nutrient use efficiencies (NUEs), which could also improve farm profitability (a win-win). To set targets and motivate improvements in Ireland, nationally representative benchmarks were established for different farm categories (sector, soil group and production intensity). Annual farm-gate NBs (kg ha-1) and NUEs (%) for N and P were calculated for 1446 nationally representative farms from 2008 to 2015 using import and export data collected by the Teagasc National Farm Survey (part of the EU Farm Accountancy Data Network). Benchmarks for each category were established using quantile regression analysis and percentile rankings to identify farms with the lowest NB surplus per production intensity and highest gross margins (€ ha-1). Within all categories, large ranges in NBs and NUEs between benchmark farms and poorer performers show considerable room for nutrient management improvements. Results show that as agriculture intensifies, nutrient surpluses, use efficiencies and gross margins increase, but benchmark farms minimise surpluses to relatively low levels (i.e. are more sustainable). This is due to, per ha, lower fertiliser and feed imports, greater exports of agricultural products, and for dairy, sheep and suckler cattle, relatively high stocking rates. For the ambitious scenario of all non-benchmark farms reaching the optimal benchmark zone, moderate reductions in farm nutrient surpluses were found with great improvements in profitability, leading to a 31% and 9% decrease in N and P surplus nationally, predominantly from dairy and non-suckler cattle. The study also identifies excessive surpluses for each level of production intensity, which could be used by policy in setting upper limits to improve sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Thomas
- Environment and Sustainable Resource Management Section, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - C Buckley
- Agricultural Economics and Farm Surveys Department, Rural Economy & Development Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Ireland.
| | - E Kelly
- Agricultural and Food Economics, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - E Dillon
- Agricultural Economics and Farm Surveys Department, Rural Economy & Development Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Ireland.
| | - J Lynch
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - B Moran
- Agricultural Economics and Farm Surveys Department, Rural Economy & Development Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Ireland.
| | - T Hennessy
- Food Business and Development, Business School, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland.
| | - P N C Murphy
- Environment and Sustainable Resource Management Section, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
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27
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Essel B, Abaidoo RC, Opoku A, Ewusi-Mensah N. Economically Optimal Rate for Nutrient Application to Maize in the Semi-deciduous Forest Zone of Ghana. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 2020; 20:1703-1713. [PMID: 33191974 PMCID: PMC7655581 DOI: 10.1007/s42729-020-00240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Low inherent nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents of smallholder farms limit maize grain yield. Maize grain yield response to N, P, and K mineral fertilizer application and economically optimal rates for nitrogen (EORN), phosphorus (EORP), and potassium (EORK) were evaluated on a Ferric Acrisol within the semi-deciduous forest zone of Ghana. The nutrient rates evaluated were N (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg N ha-1), P (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg ha-1 P2O5), and K (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1 K2O). The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with three replications using an incomplete factorial design. Nutrient responses were determined using asymptotic quadratic-plus plateau functions. The best nitrogen rate for all P and K levels was 60 kg ha-1, which gave grain yield of 5 t ha-1 . Nitrogen uptake, N agronomic and N recovery efficiencies peaked at 60 kg N ha-1 while N partial factor productivity declined with increasing N application rate. Cost to grain price ratios (CP) were 1.29, 1.65, and 1.65 for N, P, and K, respectively. The EORN was 61 kg ha-1, 32% less than the recommended 90 kg N ha-1 for maize production in the semi-deciduous forest zone of Ghana. Nitrogen application had the lowest CP ratio, making its application economically profitable than P and K. The findings suggest that the application of N at 61 kg N ha-1 to maize is economically profitable than at higher application rates. However, further studies should be conducted on farmers' fields to validate the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicta Essel
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
- CSIR - Soil Research Institute, Academy Post Office, Kwadaso, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Robert Clement Abaidoo
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320, Oyo Road, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Andrews Opoku
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Nana Ewusi-Mensah
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
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Rurinda J, Zingore S, Jibrin JM, Balemi T, Masuki K, Andersson JA, Pampolino MF, Mohammed I, Mutegi J, Kamara AY, Vanlauwe B, Craufurd PQ. Science-based decision support for formulating crop fertilizer recommendations in sub-Saharan Africa. Agric Syst 2020; 180:102790. [PMID: 32255892 PMCID: PMC7063700 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa, there is considerable spatial and temporal variability in relations between nutrient application and crop yield, due to varying inherent soil nutrients supply, soil moisture, crop management and germplasm. This variability affects fertilizer use efficiency and crop productivity. Therefore, development of decision systems that support formulation and delivery of site-specific fertilizer recommendations is important for increased crop yield and environmental protection. Nutrient Expert (NE) is a computer-based decision support system, which enables extension advisers to generate field- or area-specific fertilizer recommendations based on yield response to fertilizer and nutrient use efficiency. We calibrated NE for major maize agroecological zones in Nigeria, Ethiopia and Tanzania, with data generated from 735 on-farm nutrient omission trials conducted between 2015 and 2017. Between 2016 and 2018, 368 NE performance trials were conducted across the three countries in which recommendations generated with NE were evaluated relative to soil-test based recommendations, the current blanket fertilizer recommendations and a control with no fertilizer applied. Although maize yield response to fertilizer differed with geographic location; on average, maize yield response to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were respectively 2.4, 1.6 and 0.2 t ha-1 in Nigeria, 2.3, 0.9 and 0.2 t ha-1 in Ethiopia, and 1.5, 0.8 and 0.2 t ha-1 in Tanzania. Secondary and micronutrients increased maize yield only in specific areas in each country. Agronomic use efficiencies of N were 18, 22 and 13 kg grain kg-1 N, on average, in Nigeria, Ethiopia and Tanzania, respectively. In Nigeria, NE recommended lower amounts of P by 9 and 11 kg ha-1 and K by 24 and 38 kg ha-1 than soil-test based and regional fertilizer recommendations, respectively. Yet maize yield (4 t ha-1) was similar among the three methods. Agronomic use efficiencies of P and K (300 and 250 kg kg-1, respectively) were higher with NE than with the blanket recommendation (150 and 70 kg kg-1). In Ethiopia, NE and soil-test based respectively recommended lower amounts of P by 8 and 19 kg ha-1 than the blanket recommendations, but maize yield (6 t ha-1) was similar among the three methods. Overall, fertilizer recommendations generated with NE maintained high maize yield, but at a lower fertilizer input cost than conventional methods. NE was effective as a simple and cost-effective decision support tool for fine-tuning fertilizer recommendations to farm-specific conditions and offers an alternative to soil testing, which is hardly available to most smallholder farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairos Rurinda
- International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI), c/o IFDC – East & Southern Africa Division, ICIPE Compound, Duduville – Kasarani, Thika Road, P. O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Shamie Zingore
- International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI), c/o IFDC – East & Southern Africa Division, ICIPE Compound, Duduville – Kasarani, Thika Road, P. O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
- African Plant Nutrition Institute, Lot 666 Hay, Moulay Rachid, 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Jibrin M. Jibrin
- Centre for Dryland Agriculture (CDA), Bayero University Kano, 70001 Kano, Nigeria
| | - Tesfaye Balemi
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O.Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kenneth Masuki
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Selian Agricultural Research Institute, CIAT Building, Off Dodoma Road, P. O. Box 2704, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Jens A. Andersson
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)- Southern Africa, c/o Knowledge, Technology and Innovation Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8130, 6700, EW, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirasol F. Pampolino
- International Plant Nutrition Institute, c/o Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila 1301, Philippines
| | - Ibrahim Mohammed
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320, Oyo Road, Ibadan 200001, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - James Mutegi
- International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI), c/o IFDC – East & Southern Africa Division, ICIPE Compound, Duduville – Kasarani, Thika Road, P. O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alpha Y. Kamara
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320, Oyo Road, Ibadan 200001, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Bernard Vanlauwe
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), c/o ICIPE Compound, P. O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peter Q. Craufurd
- CIMMYT South Asia Regional Office, NARC Research Station, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Dimkpa CO, Singh U, Bindraban PS, Elmer WH, Gardea-Torresdey JL, White JC. Zinc oxide nanoparticles alleviate drought-induced alterations in sorghum performance, nutrient acquisition, and grain fortification. Sci Total Environ 2019; 688:926-934. [PMID: 31726574 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major environmental event affecting crop productivity and nutritional quality, and potentially, human nutrition. This study evaluated drought effects on performance and nutrient acquisition and distribution in sorghum; and whether ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) might alleviate such effects. Soil was amended with ZnO-NPs at 1, 3, and 5 mg Zn/kg, and drought was imposed 4 weeks after seed germination by maintaining the soil at 40% of field moisture capacity. Flag leaf and grain head emergence were delayed 6-17 days by drought, but the delays were reduced to 4-5 days by ZnO-NPs. Drought significantly (p < 0.05) reduced (76%) grain yield; however, ZnO-NP amendment under drought improved grain (22-183%) yield. Drought inhibited grain nitrogen (N) translocation (57%) and total (root, shoot and grain) N acquisition (22%). However, ZnO-NPs (5 mg/kg) improved (84%) grain N translocation relative to the drought control and restored total N levels to the non-drought condition. Shoot uptake of phosphorus (P) was promoted (39%) by drought, while grain P translocation was inhibited (63%); however, ZnO-NPs lowered total P acquisition under drought by 11-23%. Drought impeded shoot uptake (45%), grain translocation (71%) and total acquisition (41%) of potassium (K). ZnO-NP amendment (5 mg/kg) to drought-affected plants improved total K acquisition (16-30%) and grain K (123%), relative to the drought control. Drought lowered (32%) average grain Zn concentration; however, ZnO-NP amendments improved (94%) grain Zn under drought. This study represents the first evidence of mitigation of drought stress in full-term plants solely by exposure to ZnO-NPs in soil. The ability of ZnO-NPs to accelerate plant development, promote yield, fortify edible grains with critically essential nutrients such as Zn, and improve N acquisition under drought stress has strong implications for increasing cropping systems resilience, sustaining human/animal food/feed and nutrition security, and reducing nutrient losses and environmental pollution associated with N-fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian O Dimkpa
- International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Muscle Shoals, AL 35662, United States.
| | - Upendra Singh
- International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Muscle Shoals, AL 35662, United States
| | - Prem S Bindraban
- International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Muscle Shoals, AL 35662, United States
| | - Wade H Elmer
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | | | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
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Alsaeedi A, El-Ramady H, Alshaal T, El-Garawany M, Elhawat N, Al-Otaibi A. Silica nanoparticles boost growth and productivity of cucumber under water deficit and salinity stresses by balancing nutrients uptake. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 139:1-10. [PMID: 30870715 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The role of amorphous silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) in enhancing growth and yield of cucumber under water deficit and salinity stresses was assessed. A field experiment under greenhouse conditions was established using 4 different levels of SiNPs (100, 200, 300 and 400 mg kg-1) and 3 different watering regimes calculated based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc) (100, 85 and 70% of ETc). Electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio of irrigation water were 1.7 dS m-1 and 4.63 respectively. The results revealed that SiNPs improved growth and productivity of cucumber regardless of quantity of supplied water; however, the greatest increase corresponded to irrigating cucumber at the rate of 85% of ETc. Applying SiNPs at rate of 200 mg kg-1 showed the greatest increase specially when cucumber plants received 85% of their ETc causing an increase of 20, 51 and 156% in plant height, chlorophyll and fruit yield, respectively, compared to untreated plants. These increases could be due to alerting nutrient uptake as SiNPs clearly increased contents of nitrogen (by 30%), potassium (by 52, 75 and 41% in root, stem and leaf, respectively) and silicon (by 51, 57, 8 and 78% in root, stem, leaf and fruit, respectively). Otherwise, same treatment reduced sodium uptake by 38, 77 and 38% in root, stem and leaf, respectively; consequently, potassium-sodium ratio increased by 149, 735 and 127% in root, stem and leaf, respectively. The significant role of SiNPs in mitigating water deficit and salinity stresses could be referred to high silicon content found in leaf which regulates water losses via transpiration. Also, high K+ content found in roots of cucumber helps plants to tolerate abiotic stresses as a result of maintaining ion homeostasis and regulating the osmotic balance as well as controlling stomatal opening which helps plants to adapt to salinity and water deficit stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alsaeedi
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan El-Ramady
- Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt; University of Debrecen, Agricultural Botany, Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Department, AGTC Böszörményi u. 138, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tarek Alshaal
- Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt; University of Debrecen, Agricultural Botany, Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Department, AGTC Böszörményi u. 138, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Mohamed El-Garawany
- The Agricultural-Veterinarian Training and Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nevien Elhawat
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Home Economic, Al-Azhar University, Egypt; University of Debrecen, Agricultural Botany, Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Department, AGTC Böszörményi u. 138, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
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Bhatta Kaudal B, Weatherley AJ. Agronomic effectiveness of urban biochar aged through co-composting with food waste. Waste Manag 2018; 77:87-97. [PMID: 30008418 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Terra preta soils have been shown to develop after considerable modification of soil through char addition and over time natural ageing has led to increase in fertility of those soils. A co-composting experiment was conducted to accelerate the artificial ageing of urban biochar (UB) with the aim of achieving similar terra preta effect. UB was produced through the pyrolysis of 2:1 ratio of biosolids and green waste and then composted with food waste (10% v/v) until compost maturity at around 75 days. A portion of the UB was placed in litterbags within the composting biomass in order to examine the effects of co-composting more closely. Addition of 10% UB to food waste accelerated the composting process. As measured from the litter bags, co-composting UB with foodwaste increased CEC, pH, EC and nitrogen loading of composted UB relative to the un-composted UB. However, the composting process reduced BET surface area and porosity of UB most probably due to clogging of pores by the organics released during composting. The agronomic value of UB, UB co-composted with foodwaste and foodwaste compost was evaluated in a greenhouse pot experiment with sorghum plants on a sandy acidic topsoil. Results of the pot experiment showed higher plant growth, lower emissions of N2O and higher nitrogen use efficiency in soil amended with UB than the soil amended with compost and co-composted UB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Bhatta Kaudal
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia.
| | - Anthony J Weatherley
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
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Kumar A, Pandeya A, Malik G, Sharma M, P. HK, S. AK, Gahlaut V, Gajula MP, Singh KP, Suravajhala P, Balyan HS, Gupta PK. ---A web resource for nutrient use efficiency-related genes, quantitative trait loci and microRNAs in important cereals and model plants. F1000Res 2018; 7:ISCB Comm J-673. [PMID: 30135718 PMCID: PMC6073097 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.14561.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereals are key contributors to global food security. Genes involved in the uptake (transport), assimilation and utilization of macro- and micronutrients are responsible for the presence of these nutrients in grain and straw. Although many genomic databases for cereals are available, there is currently no cohesive web resource of manually curated nutrient use efficiency (NtUE)-related genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs). In this study, we present a web-resource containing information on NtUE-related genes/QTLs and the corresponding available microRNAs for some of these genes in four major cereal crops (wheat ( Triticum aestivum), rice ( Oryza sativa), maize ( Zea mays), barley ( Hordeum vulgare)), two alien species related to wheat ( Triticum urartu and Aegilops tauschii), and two model species ( Brachypodium distachyon and Arabidopsis thaliana). Gene annotations integrated in the current web resource were manually curated from the existing databases and the available literature. The primary goal of developing this web resource is to provide descriptions of the NtUE-related genes and their functional annotation. MicroRNAs targeting some of the NtUE related genes and the QTLs for NtUE-related traits are also included. The genomic information embedded in the web resource should help users to search for the desired information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar
- Advanced Centre for Computational and Applied Biotechnology, Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology (UCB), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Ajay Pandeya
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
| | - Girik Malik
- Bioclues.org, Hyderabad, 500072, India
- Labrynthe, New Delhi, India
| | - Mansi Sharma
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Institute of Cytology and Preventative Oncology, Noida, 201301, India
| | - Hima Kumari P.
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telengana, 500007, India
| | - Anil Kumar S.
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telengana, 500007, India
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India
| | - M.N.V. Prasad Gajula
- Institute of Biotechnology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar , Telangana, 500030, India
| | - Krishna Pal Singh
- Advanced Centre for Computational and Applied Biotechnology, Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology (UCB), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Bioclues.org, Hyderabad, 500072, India
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302001, India
| | - Harindra Singh Balyan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India
| | - Pushpendra K. Gupta
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250004, India
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Cantarella H, Otto R, Soares JR, Silva AGDB. Agronomic efficiency of NBPT as a urease inhibitor: A review. J Adv Res 2018; 13:19-27. [PMID: 30094079 PMCID: PMC6077139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Urea is the most widely used nitrogen (N) fertilizer, with a projected increase in annual demand of 1.5% in the coming years. After its application to soil, urea undergoes hydrolysis via the urease enzyme, causing increases in the soil pH in the surrounding area of the granules and resulting in NH3 losses that average 16% of N applied worldwide and can reach 40% or more in hot and humid conditions. The use of urease inhibitors is an effective way to reduce NH3 losses. Several compounds act as urease inhibitors, but only N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) has been used worldwide, being the most successful in a market that has grown 16% per year in the past 10 years. Only in the past three years other compounds are being commercially launched. In comparison to urea, NBPT-treated urea reduces NH3 loss by around 53%. Yield gain by NBPT usage is of the order of 6.0% and varies from -0.8 to 10.2% depending on crop species. Nitrification inhibitors usually increase NH3 volatilization and mixing them with urease inhibitors partially offsets the benefits of the latter in reducing NH3 loss. The efficacy of NBPT to reduce NH3 loss is well documented, but there is a need for further improvement to increase the period of inhibition and the shelf life of NBPT-treated urea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor Cantarella
- Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Avenida Barao de Itapura 1481, 13020-902 Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
| | - Rafael Otto
- “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Padua Dias 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Johnny Rodrigues Soares
- School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Campinas, Av. Cândido Rondon, 501, 13083-875 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Aijânio Gomes de Brito Silva
- “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Padua Dias 11, 13418-900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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de Oliveira LB, Marques ACR, de Quadros FLF, Farias JG, Piccin R, Brunetto G, Nicoloso FT. Phosphorus allocation and phosphatase activity in grasses with different growth rates. Oecologia 2018; 186:633-43. [PMID: 29332147 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Different growth rates of grasses from South American natural grasslands are adaptations to soils of low fertility. Grasses with fast growth rate are species with an accumulation of nutrients in soluble forms, with a high metabolic rate. This work aimed to study whether grasses with different growth rates have different phosphorus (P) uptake and efficiency of P use with high and low P availability in soil, as well as whether phosphatase activity is related to the species growth rate and variations in P biochemical forms in the tissues. Three native grasses (Axonopus affinis, Paspalum notatum, and Andropogon lateralis) were grown in pots with soil. Along plant growth, biomass production and its structural components were measured, as well as leaf acid phosphatase activity and leaf P chemical fractions. At 40 days of growth, leaf acid phosphatase activity declined by about 20-30% with an increase of P availability in soil for A. affinis and P. notatum, respectively. Under both soil P levels, P. notatum showed the highest plant total biomass, leaf dry weight and highest P use efficiency. A. affinis presented the higher P uptake efficiency and soluble organic P concentration in the leaf tissues. A. lateralis showed P-Lipid concentration 1.6 and 1.3 times higher than A. affinis and P. notatum, respectively. In conclusion, acid phosphatase activity in grass of higher growth rate is related to higher remobilization of P due to higher demand, as in A. affinis, and higher growth rates are associated with higher P uptake efficiency.
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Abstract
Root crown phenotyping allows measuring many parameters that describe the top portion of crop root systems and can be used for the basis of genome-wide association studies, QTL analysis, and physiology studies. Root crown phenotyping is a relatively simple process, with the major steps being excavation, transport, soil removal, and measurements. On the other hand, all steps require substantial manual labor and occur outside in challenging environments, and many factors influence the ultimate success of applying this methodology to research questions. Here, general guidance is given for how to optimize root crown phenotyping for unique research questions, and specific protocols are given for acquiring images of root crowns of three crop species: maize, wheat, and soybean.
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Prapagdee S, Tawinteung N. Effects of biochar on enhanced nutrient use efficiency of green bean, Vigna radiata L. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:9460-9467. [PMID: 28236199 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8633-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is the carbonized material produced from biomass and is used in several environmental applications. The biochar characteristics depend on the carbonization conditions and feedstock. The suitability of a given biochar for soil improvement depends on the biochar characteristics, soil properties, and target plants. Biochar has been applied at 1-20% (w/w) in the soil, but currently there is a lack of information on what type and concentration of biochar are most suitable for a specific plant and soil quality. Too much biochar will reduce plant growth because of the high alkalinity of biochar, which will cause long-term soil alkalinity. In contrast, too little biochar might be insufficient to enhance plant productivity. In this study, a suitable concentration of cassava stem (an abundant agricultural waste in Thailand) biochar produced at 350 °C was evaluated for green bean (Vigna radiata L.) growth from germination to seed production in pots over 8 weeks. The soil fertility was increased with increasing biochar concentration. At 5% (w/w) biochar, the soil fertility and plant growth were significantly enhanced, while 10% (w/w) biochar significantly enhanced bean growth and bean pod production. The increased biochar concentration in the soil significantly increased the soil total nitrogen and extractable potassium (K) levels but did not affect the amount of available phosphorous. Biochar at 10% (w/w) significantly induced the accumulation of K in the stems, leaves, nut shells, and roots but not in nut seeds. Moreover, biochar not only increased the K concentration in soil but also increased the plant nutrient use efficiency of K, which is important for plant growth. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songkrit Prapagdee
- Environmental Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Nukoon Tawinteung
- Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
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van Dijk KC, Lesschen JP, Oenema O. Phosphorus flows and balances of the European Union Member States. Sci Total Environ 2016; 542:1078-93. [PMID: 26421756 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Global society faces serious "phosphorus challenges" given the scarcity, essentiality, unequal global distribution and, at the same time, regional excess of phosphorus (P). Phosphorus flow studies can be used to analyze these challenges, providing insight into how society (re)uses and loses phosphorus, identifying potential solutions. Phosphorus flows were analyzed in detail for EU-27 and its Member States. To quantify food system and non-food flows, country specific data and historical context were considered. The sectors covered were crop production (CP), animal production (AP), food processing (FP), non-food production (NF) and consumption (HC). The results show that the EU-27 imported 2392 Gg P in 2005, half of which accumulated in agricultural soils (924 Gg) and half was lost as waste (1217 Gg). Net accumulation was 4.9 kg P/ha/year ranging between +23.2 (Belgium) and -2.8 (Slovakia). From the system losses, 54% was lost from HC in diverse waste flows and 28% from FP, mainly through incinerated slaughter residues. The largest HC losses (655 Gg) were wastewater (55%), food waste (27%), and pet excreta (11%). Phosphorus recycling rates were 73% in AP, 29% in FP, 21% in HC and ~0% in NF. The phosphorus use efficiencies showed that, relative to sector input, about 70% was taken up by crops (CP), 24% was retained in animals (AP), 52% was contained in food products (FP), 76% was stored in non-food materials (NF), and 21% was recycled (HC). Although wide-ranging variation between countries, generally phosphorus use in EU-27 was characterized by relatively (1) large dependency on (primary) imports, (2) long-term accumulation in agricultural soils, especially in west European countries, (3) leaky losses throughout entire society, especially emissions to the environment and sequestered waste, (4) little recycling with the exception of manure, and (5) low use efficiencies, because of aforementioned issues, providing ample opportunities for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimo C van Dijk
- Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan Peter Lesschen
- Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Oene Oenema
- Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands; Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
The nutrient (N, P) use efficiency (NUE: g g-1 nutrient), measured for the entire plant, of field populations of the evergreen shrubs Erica tetralix (in a wet heathland) and Calluna vulgaris (in a dry heathland) and the deciduous grass Molinia caerulea (both in a wet and a dry heathland) was compared. Erica and Calluna are crowded out by Molinia when nutrient availability increases. NUE was measured as the product of the mean residence time of a unit of nutrient in the population (MRT: yr) and nutrient productivity (A: annual productivity per unit of nutrient in the population, g g-1 nutrient yr-1. It was hypothesized that 1) in low-nutrient habitats selection is on features leading to a high MRT, whereas in high-nutrient habitats selection is on features leading to a high A; and that 2) due to evolutionary trade-offs plants cannot combine genotypically determined features which maximize both components of NUE.Both total productivity and litter production of the Molinia populations exceeded that of both evergreens about three-fold. Nitrogen and phosphorus resorption from senescing shoots was much lower in the evergreens compared with Molinia. In a split-root experiment no nutrient resorption from senescing roots was observed. Nutrient concentrations in the litter were equal for all species, except for litter P-concentration of Molinia at the wet site. Both Erica and Calluna had a long mean residence time of both nitrogen and phosphorus and a low nitrogen and phosphorus productivity. The Molinia populations showed a shorter mean residence time of N and P and a higher N- and P-productivity. These patterns resulted in an equal nitrogen use efficiency and an almost equal phosphorus use efficiency for the species under study. However, when only aboveground NUE was considered the Molinia populations had a much higher NUE than the evergreens.The results are consistent with the hypotheses. Thus, the low potential growth rate of species from low-nutrient habitats is probably the consequence of their nutrient conserving strategy rather than a feature on which direct selection takes place in these habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rien Aerts
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Utrecht, Lange Nieuwstraat 106, NL-3512 PN, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Reich PB, Schoettle AW. Role of phosphorus and nitrogen in photosynthetic and whole plant carbon gain and nutrient use efficiency in eastern white pine. Oecologia 1988; 77:25-33. [PMID: 28312310 DOI: 10.1007/BF00380920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/1987] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In white pine (Pinus strobus) seedlings grown in five forest soils from New York State, net photosynthetic capacity (Amax) plant-1 was correlated with total foliar N plant-1 (r 2=0.57), but was more highly correlated with total foliar P plant-1 (r 2=0.82). There was no relationship (r 2<0.01) between Amax [g leaf]-1 and foliar N [g leaf]-1 for the pooled data set, but there was a significant (P<0.001), but weak (r 2=0.20) positive relationship between Amax [g leaf]-1 and foliar P [g leaf]-1 across all soils. However, within two of the five soils leaf N concentration was a significant (P<0.05) determinant of photosynthetic capacity. Due to differences in soil nutrient availabilities a large range in foliar P:N ratio (0.02-0.15) was observed, and the proportion of leaf P:N appeared to control Amax [g leaf N]-1. Whole plant nitrogen (NUE) and phosphorus (PUE) use efficiencies were well correlated with whole plant P:N ratio. In addition, NUE was well correlated with Amax [g leaf N]-1 and PUE was well correlated with Amax [g leaf P]-1. However, NUE was not well correlated with PUE, and Amax [g leaf N]-1 was not well correlated with Amax [g leaf P]-1. These results indicated that P and/or N limitations were important components of photosynthetic nutrient relations in white pine grown in these five soils and suggest that both P and N and their proportions should be considered in analyses of photosynthesis-nutrient relations.
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40
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Lajtha K, Klein M. The effect of varying nitrogen and phosphorus availability on nutrient use by Larrea tridentata, a desert evergreen shrub. Oecologia 1988; 75:348-353. [PMID: 28312681 DOI: 10.1007/bf00376936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/1987] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In a phytotron study of the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus supply ratio on nutrient uptake and use by Larrea tridentata, seedlings responded to increases in N and P availability with increases in leaf size, total biomass, and leaf nutrient concentration, and with decreases in root: shoot ratio. N and P use efficiency decreased with increasing N and P availability, respectively, but increased with increasing availability of the other nutrient, suggesting that Larrea responds both to the absolute and to the relative availability of limiting nutrients. Absolute amounts of N and P resorption, as well as N and P resorption efficiencies did not demonstrate a significant trend with nutrient availability, and there was no evidence of significant interactions between the two nutrients. More studies of the effects of nutrient interactions in the cycling and use of nutrients by different plant species are needed before more general conclusions can be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lajtha
- Department of Botany, The Ohio State University, 43210, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Melanie Klein
- Department of Botany, Duke University, 27706, Durham, NC, USA
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