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Song J, Chen M, Meng F, Chen J, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Cui J, Wang J, Shi D. Studies on the interaction mechanism between xanthine oxidase and osmundacetone: Molecular docking, multi-spectroscopy and dynamical simulation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 299:122861. [PMID: 37209475 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a key enzyme in uric acid production, and its molybdopterin (Mo-Pt) domain is an important catalytic center when xanthine and hypoxanthine are oxidated. It is found that the extract of Inonotus obliquus has an inhibitory effect on XO. In this study, five key chemical compounds were initially identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and two compounds, osmundacetone ((3E)-4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one) and protocatechuic aldehyde (3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde), were screened as the XO inhibitors by ultrafiltration technology. Osmundacetone bound XO strongly and competitively inhibited XO with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 129.08 ± 1.71 μM, and its inhibition mechanism, was investigated. Osmundacetone and XO via static quenching and spontaneously bound with XO with high affinity, primarily via hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. Molecular docking studies showed that osmundacetone was inserted into the Mo-Pt center and interacted with hydrophobic residues of Phe911, Gly913, Phe914, Ser1008, Phe1009, Thr1010, Val1011, and Ala1079 of XO. In summary, these findings suggest that provide theoretical basis for the research and development of XO inhibitors from Inonotus obliquus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiling Song
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- The College of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Fanlei Meng
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Zhanwei Wang
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China; Nanguan Middle School, Honghua Gang District, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Jing Cui
- The College of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China; Institute of Science and Technology Innovation, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The College of Chemistry, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China; The College of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China; Institute of Science and Technology Innovation, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China.
| | - Dongfang Shi
- The College of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China; Institute of Science and Technology Innovation, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China
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Zhang J, Falandysz J, Hanć A, Lorenc W, Wang Y, Barałkiewicz D. Occurrence, distribution, and associations of essential and non-essential elements in the medicinal and edible fungus "Fuling" from southern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:155011. [PMID: 35381245 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In Asian countries, the sclerotia of the wild-grown fungus Pachyma hoelen ("Fuling"), have been used as food and as medicinal products for centuries. To close the knowledge gaps about the value and possible environmental impacts, the occurrence, distribution, and associations of a range of elements (Ag, Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sr, Tl, U, V, and Zn) were studied in the inner (core) and outer (shell) morphological parts of the sclerotia from a diverse collection in Southern China. Quality of forest and agricultural soil in terms of a geogenic element source and composition can be considered as the main factor determining the occurrence of minerals in sclerotia through the host wood, largely of Pinus yunnanensis, while the anthropogenic impact (basically at remote rural areas of cultivation) in Southern China was negligible. In general, the mean concentration of each element in the outer part was significantly higher than that in the inner part (t-test, p < 0.01), except for Ag. The concentration of a given element in the outer part tended to have a positive relationship with that in the inner part, except for Cu, Se, Ag, and Zn. The elements in different morphological parts of sclerotia present different relation patterns. Compared to the outer part, there were stronger associations of elements in the inner part, suggesting homeostatic regulation of multiple elements in the inner parts. Further study on the sclerotia, infected wood substrate, and surrounding soil from a range of wild sample collections and intentional cultivation should provide a more complex view and allow assessment of the relationship between minerals and bioactive organic compounds produced by P. hoelen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Panlong District, 650200 Kunming, China.
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Medical University of Łodz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, 1 Muszyńskiego Street, 90-151 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of Trace Analysis, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, PL 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Wiktor Lorenc
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of Trace Analysis, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, PL 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2238 Beijing Road, Panlong District, 650200 Kunming, China
| | - Danuta Barałkiewicz
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of Trace Analysis, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, PL 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Rutkowska M, Falandysz J, Saba M, Szefer P, Misztal-Szkudlińska M, Konieczka P. A method for the analysis of methylmercury and total Hg in fungal matrices. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5261-5272. [PMID: 35779096 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to develop an efficient method for the determination of monomethyl-mercury (MeHg) and total mercury (THg) content in materials such as fungal sporocarps and sclerotia. Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) with the assigned values of MeHg and THg as well as the control materials (dried mushrooms) with known content of THg were evaluated for method validation. Recovery of MeHg from reference materials was at the following levels: from tuna fish at 87.0 ± 2.3% (THg at 101.9 ± 1.2%), from fish protein at 99.4 ± 1.3% (THg at 92.70 ± 0.41%), and from dogfish liver at 96.45 ± 0.73%. Recovery of THg from the fungal control material CS-M-5 was at 104.01 ± 0.60% (contribution of MeHg in THg content was at 6.2%), from CS-M-4 at 101.1 ± 2.0% (contribution at 3.2%), from CS-M-3 at 100.55 ± 0.67% (contribution at 0.6%), and from CS-M-2 at 101.5 ± 2.7% (contribution at 3.7%). The content of MeHg in randomly selected wild fungi and their morphological parts was in the range from 0.006 to 0.173 mg kg-1 dry weight (dw). In the case of THg, the concentration values were in the range from 0.0108 to 10.27 mg kg-1 dw. The MeHg content in the control materials with the assigned THg values was determined. Since the control materials play an important role in all elements of the quality assurance system of measurement results, they can be used to analyse MeHg as the first control material for fungi. KEY POINTS: • An extraction procedure for MeHg analysis in fungi was developed and optimized. • Recovery of MeHg from the certified reference non-fungal materials was > 87%. • Fungal control materials with assigned THg concentration can serve also for MeHg analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Rutkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszyńskiego Street, 90-151, Lódź, Poland.
| | - Martyna Saba
- Główny Inspektorat Jakości Handlowej Artykułów Rolno-Spożywczych, Laboratorium Specjalistyczne w Gdyni, Al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 8/12, Gdynia, 81-378, Poland
| | - Piotr Szefer
- Department of Food Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Konieczka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
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Strumińska-Parulska D, Falandysz J, Moniakowska A. On the occurrence, origin, and intake of the nuclides, 210Po and 210Pb, in sclerotia of Wolfiporia cocos collected in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27209-27221. [PMID: 34981392 PMCID: PMC8989818 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The dried sclerotium of the fungus Wolfiporia cocos is edible and has medicinal value. This study aimed to understand the accumulation of radioactivity arising from the alpha 210Po, and beta-emitting 210Pb, in the sclerotium's shell and core and assess a potential effective dose for consumers. Sclerotia were collected in the wild and from cultivars in China's Anhui and Yunnan provinces. The mean values of 210Po activity concentration levels were 0.36 Bq kg-1 dry weight in the core and 12.0 Bq kg-1 dw in the shell; 210Pb activities were 0.43 and 9.84 Bq kg-1 dw, respectively. The potential effective radiation doses from core layers (as a major raw material of the sclerotium) ranged from 0.13 to 3.43 µSv kg-1 dw from 210Po decay and from 0.11 to 1.52 µSv kg-1 dw from 210Pb decay. Corresponding values for shell ranged from 0.80 to 42.4 for 210Po and from 0.53 to 13.6 µSv kg-1 dw for 210Pb. In general, the intake of W. cocos sclerotia varies between consumers, but this would not significantly change the effective radiation doses from 210Po and 210Pb isotopes. The consumption thus appears to be safe from a radiological protection point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Strumińska-Parulska
- Toxicology and Radiation Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszyńskiego Street, 90-151, Lódź, Poland.
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China.
| | - Aleksandra Moniakowska
- Toxicology and Radiation Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
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Falandysz J, Wang Y, Saniewski M. 137Cs and 40K activities and total K distribution in the sclerotia of the Wolfiporia cocos fungus from China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2021; 231:106549. [PMID: 33592538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentration of 137Cs and 40K and total K content in the sclerotia of the Chinese medicinal fungus Wolfiporia cocos collected mainly from Yunnan province of China during the period 2013-2015 were investigated. W. cocos in Yunnan is collected from the wild and is cultivated in field conditions and the wood substrate used is derived from the local pine (Pinus yunnanensis Franch.) logs from neighborhood forests. The outer part of sclerotia was found to be richer than the inner one in both 137Cs and 40K with median values of 7.3 and 3.2 Bq kg-1 dry weight (dw) for 137Cs, 220 and 140 Bq kg-1 dw for 40K. The median K concentrations were 6800 mg kg-1 dw in the outer and 3700 mg kg-1 dw in the inter parts. No statistically significant correlation was found for activity concentrations between the inner and outer parts, both for 137Cs and 40K (p > 0.05). Using the median activities of 137Cs, the nominal values of effective dose (mSv) for exposed adults annually consuming 50 g of sclerotia, were estimated at 0.0035 mSv and 0.084 mSv (outer part), and 0.0020 mSv and 0.040 mSv (inner part) per capita, respectively. Sclerotia of W. cocos seemed to be a relatively good source of K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- University of Gdańsk, Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland; Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, 130015, Cartagena, Colombia; Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China.
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Michał Saniewski
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - Maritime Branch, National Research Institute, 42 Waszyngtona Av., 81-342, Gdynia, Poland
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Yue J, Li Z, Zuo Z, Liao Y, Huang H, Wang Y. Geographical traceability and multielement analysis of edible and medicinal fungi: Taking Wolfiporia cocos (F.A. Wolf) Ryvarden and Gilb. as an example. J Food Sci 2021; 86:770-778. [PMID: 33586786 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Different geographical environment has a certain influence on the accumulation of fungi elements and chemical components. However, our knowledge is limited to elucidate the fungi elements in response to heterogeneous environmental and the quality differences among different habitats. Here, multielement analysis, FTIR spectrum, and feature-level fusion technique combined with chemometrics were used to study Wolfiporia cocos from different geographical areas, different sampling sites and different altitude sources. From the results, (1) there is significant difference in element content of samples from different sampling sites and no positive correlation with geographical ranges. (2) There is a correlation between elevation and elements, and relatively low elevation (<1,800 m) is conducive to the enrichment of elements. (3) From the perspective of elements, the W. cocos in Yuxi have relatively better quality. (4) FTIR and feature-level models can well realize origin identification. The SVM models are better than the PLS-DA models, and the feature-level model is better than the single FTIR models. In summary, this study demonstrated that the developed method was reliable and could realize the genuineness evaluation and origin identification of W. cocos. The results have implications for the establishment of the technology system of geographical traceability and the development of high-quality geographical indication products of W. cocos.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaQi Yue
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China.,Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - ZhiMin Li
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - ZhiTian Zuo
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - YiJun Liao
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu, 611730, China
| | - HengYu Huang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - YuanZhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
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Fernandes A, Falandysz J, Širič I. The toxic reach of mercury and its compounds in human and animal food webs. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127765. [PMID: 32721684 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alwyn Fernandes
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- University of Gdańsk, Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 63 Wita Stwosza Str, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland; Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, 130015, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Ivan Širič
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska Cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Falandysz J, Mędyk M, Saba M, Zhang J, Wang Y, Li T. Mercury in traditionally foraged species of fungi (macromycetes) from the karst area across Yunnan province in China. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9421-9432. [PMID: 32954453 PMCID: PMC7567707 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to better quantify the occurrence, intake, and potential risk from Hg in fungi traditionally foraged in SW China. The concentrations and intakes of Hg were measured from 42 species including a "hard" flesh type polypore fungi and a" soft" flesh type edible species that are used in traditional herbal medicine, collected during the period 2011-2017. Three profiles of forest topsoil from the Zhenyuan site in 2015 and Changning and Dulong sites in 2016 were also investigated. The concentrations of Hg in composite samples of polypore fungi were usually below 0.1 mg kg-1 dry weight (dw) but higher levels, 0.11 ± 0.01 and 0.24 ± 0.00 mg kg-1 dw, were noted in Ganoderma applanatum and Amauroderma niger respectively, both from the Nujiang site near the town of Lanping in NW Yunnan. Hg concentrations in Boletaceae species were usually well above 1.0 mg kg-1 dw and as high as 10 mg kg-1 dw. The quality of the mushrooms in this study in view of contamination with Hg showed a complex picture. The "worst case" estimations showed probable intake of Hg from 0.006 μg kg-1 body mass (bm) ("hard" type flesh) to 0.25 μg kg-1 bm ("soft" flesh) on a daily basis for capsulated products, from 17 to 83 μg kg-1 bm ("soft" flesh) in a meal ("hard" type flesh mushrooms are not cooked while used in traditional herbal medicine after processing), and from 0.042 to 1.7 and 120 to 580 μg kg-1 bm on a weekly basis, respectively. KEY POINTS: • Polypore species were slightly contaminated with Hg. • Hg maximal content in the polypore was < 0.25 mg kg-1 dry weight. • Many species from Boletaceae family in Yunnan showed elevated Hg. • Locals who often eat Boletus may take Hg at a dose above the daily reference dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China.
| | - Małgorzata Mędyk
- Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Martyna Saba
- Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ji Zhang
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Yuxi Normal University, School of Chemical Biology and Environment, Yuxi, 653100, Yunnan, China
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Durand A, Maillard F, Foulon J, Chalot M. Interactions between Hg and soil microbes: microbial diversity and mechanisms, with an emphasis on fungal processes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9855-9876. [PMID: 33043392 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic metal with no known biological function, and it can be highly bioavailable in terrestrial ecosystems. Although fungi are important contributors to a number of soil processes including plant nutrient uptake and decomposition, little is known about the effect of Hg on fungi. Fungi accumulate the largest amount of Hg and are the organisms capable of the highest bioaccumulation of Hg. While referring to detailed mechanisms in bacteria, this mini-review emphasizes the progress made recently on this topic and represents the first step towards a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying Hg tolerance and accumulation in fungal species and hence on the role of fungi within the Hg cycle at Hg-contaminated sites. KEY POINTS: • The fungal communities are more resilient than bacterial communities to Hg exposure. • The exposure to Hg is a threat to microbial soil functions involved in both C and nutrient cycles. • Fungal (hyper)accumulation of Hg may be important for the Hg cycle in terrestrial environments. • Understanding Hg tolerance and accumulation by fungi may lead to new remediation biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Durand
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25211, Montbéliard, France
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, Université de Lorraine - INRAE, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye BP 20 163, 54505, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - François Maillard
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25211, Montbéliard, France
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Julie Foulon
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25211, Montbéliard, France
- Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, C.P. 3300, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Michel Chalot
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Pôle Universitaire du Pays de Montbéliard, 4 place Tharradin, BP 71427, 25211, Montbéliard, France.
- Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de Lorraine, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
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