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Chen Y, Xi J, Lu Y, Cai J. Removal of toluene via non-thermal plasma generated by applying rare-earth tungsten electrode and nanosecond pulsed power supply. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:609-621. [PMID: 38015402 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the characteristics associated with degradation of toluene through the utilization of non-thermal plasma (NTP) generated via application of a low-work-function electrode and nanosecond pulsed power supply. Initially, a comparative analysis is made between toluene removal efficiency utilizing the low-work-function electrode and that achieved with the conventional stainless-steel electrode. The outcomes demonstrate that NTP generated by the low-work-function electrode exhibits markedly superior removal efficiency for toluene in comparison to the stainless-steel electrode operating at the same voltage. Subsequently, the impacts of voltage, pulse frequency, and initial concentration of toluene on the removal efficiency and production of by-products are investigated. It is found that as the voltage and frequency increase, the removal efficiency also increases, and a maximum toluene removal efficiency of 87.2% is achieved at a voltage of 12,000 V and pulse frequency of 2000 Hz. The removal efficiency first increases and then decreases with increasing toluene initial concentration. The investigation also finds that energy yield is negatively correlated with voltage and pulse frequency and positively correlated with the initial concentration. Finally, the reaction products were subjected to quantitative analysis using GC-MS. Based on the analysis results, potential reaction pathways are inferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurun Chen
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianfei Xi
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yang Lu
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Cai
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Zhao Z, Ma S, Gao B, Bi F, Qiao R, Yang Y, Wu M, Zhang X. A systematic review of intermediates and their characterization methods in VOCs degradation by different catalytic technologies. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Thomas S, Blin-Simiand N, Héninger M, Jeanney P, Lemaire J, Magne L, Mestdagh H, Pasquiers S, Louarn E. Insights into non-thermal plasma chemistry of acetone diluted in N 2/O 2 mixtures: a real-time MS experiment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20553-20564. [PMID: 35997062 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02119f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding non-thermal plasma reactivity is a complicated task as many reactions take place due to a large energy spectrum. In this work, we used a well-defined photo-triggered non-filamentous discharge to study acetone decomposition in N2/O2 gas mixtures. The plasma reactor is associated to a compact chemical ionization FTICR mass spectrometer (BTrap) in order to identify and quantify in real-time acetone and by-products in the plasma. Presence of oxygen (1 to 5%) decreased notably acetone degradation. A tremendous change is observed in the by-products distribution concomitantly to a global decrease of their total concentration. While main products observed in oxygen-free gas mix are nitrile compounds, in oxygenated media they are replaced by formaldehyde, methanol and ketene. Methanol is maximum for 1% of O2 whereas formaldehyde and ketene concentration reach their maximum value at the highest oxygen concentration tested (5%). A number of nitrate, nitrite and isocyanate organic compounds (C1 and C2) are observed as well with HNO2, HNO3 and HNCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Thomas
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR8000, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Nicole Blin-Simiand
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasma, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR8578, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Michel Héninger
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR8000, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Pascal Jeanney
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasma, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR8578, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Joel Lemaire
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR8000, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Lionel Magne
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasma, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR8578, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Hélène Mestdagh
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR8000, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Stéphane Pasquiers
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Gaz et des Plasma, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR8578, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Essyllt Louarn
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR8000, 91405 Orsay, France. .,CNRS, Institut de Recherche sur la Catalyse et l'Environnement de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR5256, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
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Chang T, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhao Z, Shen Z, Huang Y, Veerapandian SKP, De Geyter N, Wang C, Chen Q, Morent R. A critical review on plasma-catalytic removal of VOCs: Catalyst development, process parameters and synergetic reaction mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154290. [PMID: 35248631 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is urgent to control the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) due to their harmful effects on the environment and human health. A hybrid system integrating non-thermal-plasma and catalysis is regarded as one of the most promising technologies for VOCs removal due to their high VOCs removal efficiency, product selectivity and energy efficiency. This review systematically documents the main findings and improvements of VOCs removal using plasma-catalysis technology in recent 10 years. To better understand the fundamental relation between different aspects of this research field, this review mainly addresses the catalyst development, key influential factors, generation of by-products and reaction mechanism of VOCs decomposition in the plasma-catalysis process. Also, a comparison of the performance in various VOCs removal processes is provided. Particular emphasis is given to the importance of the selected catalyst and the synergy of plasma and catalyst in the VOCs removal in the hybrid system, which can be used as a reference point for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Chang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Research Unit Plasma Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 - B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China; State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zuotong Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Savita K P Veerapandian
- Research Unit Plasma Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 - B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie De Geyter
- Research Unit Plasma Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 - B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chuanyi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qingcai Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Rino Morent
- Research Unit Plasma Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 - B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Huang T, Song D, Zhou L, Tao H, Li A, Zhang SW, Liu LF. Non-thermal plasma irradiated polyaluminum chloride for the heterogeneous adsorption enhancement of Cs + and Sr 2+ in a binary system. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127441. [PMID: 34673396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The natural ecosystem will continually deteriorate for decades by the leakage of Cs and Sr isotopes. The exploration of the new materials or techniques for the efficient treatment of radioactive wastewater is critically important. In this study, a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) configuration was constructed to operate the non-thermal plasma (NTP). The NTP was incorporated into the synthesis of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) in two different procedures to intensify the synthesis of PAC (NTP-PAC) and enhance the further removal of Cs and Sr from wastewater. The employment of NTP in two procedures both had significantly changed the physicochemical characteristics of PAC materials, which facilitated the further adsorption application of NTP-PAC on the treatment of Cs+ and Sr2+. Different molecular, morphological, and adsorption characteristics were confirmed to the NTP-PAC materials. The heterogeneous adsorption of the NTP-PAC can be appropriately fitted by both the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the Elovich model. Both physisorption and chemisorption reaction mechanisms were ensured for the heterogeneous adsorption of the NTP-PAC material towards Cs+ and Sr2+, which guaranteed the excellent adsorption performance of NTP-PAC materials compared to PAC. The electron collisions caused by NTP with alum pulp created highly reactive growth precursors and intensified the nucleation and hydrolysis polymerization of PAC. The employment of NTP explicitly broadens the reaction pathways between PAC and cationic contaminants in the aqueous environment, which expands the application area of PAC materials in environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China; Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Ceramic Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China; School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China.
| | - Dongping Song
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China
| | - Lulu Zhou
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China
| | - Hui Tao
- Chongqing Water Affairs Group Co., Ltd., No. 1, Longjiawan, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Aiyin Li
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China
| | - Shu-Wen Zhang
- Nuclear Resources Engineering College, University of South China, 421001, China
| | - Long-Fei Liu
- School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, 215500, China
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Liu J, Ji Y, Zhu S, Guo T, Xu L, Dong J, Cheng P. C-dot doping for enhanced catalytic performance of TiO 2/5A for toluene degradation in non-thermal plasma-catalyst system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:2480-2492. [PMID: 34374012 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15840-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is gaining attention as a powerful tool to induce various reactions. The combination of NTP with catalysts has been successfully used to degrade volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for pollution control. In this study, a series of TiO2-C/5A catalysts, synthesized by carbon dots (C-dots) that decorate TiO2 by sol-gel and wetness impregnation methods, were incorporated with a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor in a single-stage structure to degrade toluene at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. A proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometer and a CO2 analyzer were used to monitor the concentration variations of organic by-products and CO2 online. The effects of input power, mass ratio of C-dots/TiO2 (TiO2/5A (0 wt%), TiO2-C1/5A (2.5 wt%), TiO2-C2/5A (5 wt%), TiO2-C3/5A (10 wt%)), gas flow rate, initial concentration of toluene on the toluene degradation efficiency, and CO2 selectivity were studied. The plasma-catalyst hybrid system could effectively improve the energy efficiency and reaction selectivity, attaining a maximum toluene degradation efficiency of 99.6% and CO2 selectivity of 83.0% compared to 79.5% and 37.5%, respectively, using the conventional plasma alone. Moreover, the generation of organic by-products also declined dramatically, averaging only half as much in plasma alone. The results also indicated that the appropriate amount of C-dot doping could greatly improve the catalyst efficiency in the hybrid plasma system. This is because the interaction between C-dots and TiO2 favors the formation of photoelectron holes and reduces the energy band gap and the recombination rate of photogenerated electron holes, which facilitates the generation of more active species on the catalyst surface, thereby leading to a more effective degradation reaction. These observations will provide guidance for the interaction studies between NTP and catalysts, not only for the exploration of new chemical mechanisms of aromatic compounds, but also for the screening of favorable materials for the desired reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixing Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yanyan Ji
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Shuping Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Teng Guo
- Institute of Environment Safety and Pollution Control, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Junguo Dong
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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