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Li C, Jiang X, Yang N. Synthesis, Surface Chemistry, and Applications of Non-Zero-Dimensional Diamond Nanostructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400798. [PMID: 39340271 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Diamond nanomaterials are renowned for their exceptional properties, which include the inherent attributes of bulk diamond. Additionally, they exhibit unique characteristics at the nanoscale, including high specific surface areas, tunable surface structure, and excellent biocompatibility. These multifaceted attributes have piqued the interest of researchers globally, leading to an extensive exploration of various diamond nanostructures in a myriad of applications. This review focuses on non-zero-dimensional (non-0D) diamond nanostructures including diamond films and extended diamond nanostructures, such as diamond nanowires, nanoplatelets, and diamond foams. It delves into the fabrication, modification, and diverse applications of non-0D diamond nanostructures. This review begins with a concise review of the preparation methods for different types of diamond films and extended nanostructures, followed by an exploration of the intricacies of surface termination and the process of immobilizing target moieties of interest. It then transitions into an exploration of the applications of diamond films and extended nanostructures in the fields of biomedicine and electrochemistry. In the concluding section, this article provides a forward-looking perspective on the current state and future directions of diamond films and extended nanostructures research, offering insights into the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changli Li
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, 57076, Siegen, Germany
| | - Xin Jiang
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Siegen, 57076, Siegen, Germany
| | - Nianjun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
- IMO-IMOMEC, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
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2
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Ren G, Zhang J, Wang X, Liu G, Zhou M. A critical review of persulfate-based electrochemical advanced oxidation processes for the degradation of emerging contaminants: From mechanisms and electrode materials to applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173839. [PMID: 38871317 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The persulfate-based electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (PS-EAOPs) exhibit distinctive advantages in the degradation of emerging contaminants (ECs) and have garnered significant attention among researchers, leading to a consistent surge in related research publications over the past decade. Regrettably, there is still a lack of a critical review gaining deep into understanding of ECs degradation by PS-EAOPs. To address the knowledge gaps, in this review, the mechanism of electro-activated PS at the interface of the electrodes (anode, cathode and particle electrodes) is elaborated. The correlation between these electrode materials and the activation mechanism of PS is systematically discussed. The strategies for improving the performance of electrode material that determining the efficiency of PS-EAOPs are also summarized. Then, the applications of PS-EAOPs for the degradation of ECs are described. Finally, the challenges and outlook of PS-EAOPs are discussed. In summary, this review offers valuable guidance for the degradation of ECs by PS-EAOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengbo Ren
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Xufei Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Guanyu Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Minghua Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Zhang T, Huang X, Qiao J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Wang Y. Recent developments in synthesis of attapulgite composite materials for refractory organic wastewater treatment: a review. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16300-16317. [PMID: 38769962 PMCID: PMC11103670 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02014f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Attapulgite clay, due to its unique crystalline hydrated magnesium-aluminium silicate composition and layer-chain structure, possesses exceptional adsorption and catalytic properties, which enable it or its composites to be utilized as adsorbents and catalysts for wastewater treatment. But the drawbacks of attapulgite are also very obvious, such as relatively low specific surface area (compared to traditional adsorbents such as activated carbon and activated alumina), easy aggregation, and difficulty in dispersion. In order to fully utilize and improve the performance of attapulgite, researchers have conducted extensive research on its modification, but few specialized works have comprehensively evaluated the synthesis, applications and challenges for attapulgite-based composite materials in refractory organic wastewater treatments. This paper provides a comprehensive review of controllable preparation strategies, characterization methods and mechanisms of attapulgite-based composite materials, as well as the research progress of these materials in refractory organic wastewater treatment. Based on this review, constructive recommendations, such as deep mechanism analysis from molecular level multi-functional attapulgite-based material developments, and using biodegradable materials in attapulgite-based composites, were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Jiaojiao Qiao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou P. R. China
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Guo Y, Huang Y, Li Y, Luo Y, Xuan K, Guo Y, Jiang H, Fang R. Sulfur-doped activated carbon for the efficient degradation of tetracycline with persulfate: Insight into the effect of pore structure on catalytic performance. RSC Adv 2024; 14:11470-11481. [PMID: 38601703 PMCID: PMC11005904 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08958d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulfur-doped activated carbon has proved to be a promising metal-free catalyst for persulfate (PDS) catalytic activation for the oxidation of aqueous refractory organics. Herein, sulfur-doped porous carbon (ACS) catalysts with different pore structures and doped-S contents were prepared via a template method using d(+)-glucose as the carbon source, sulfur as the sulfur source, and nano-MgO with different particle sizes as templates. Characterization results showed that the particle size of MgO significantly affects the pore structure and doped-S content of ACSs catalysts: a sample synthesized with 20 nm MgO as template (ACS-20) presented the highest content of doped-S and a mesoporous structure, which endowed it with superior adsorption and catalytic performance toward tetracycline (TC) removal. The effect of catalyst dosage, TC concentration, PDS concentration and solution pH on TC removal efficiency were evaluated. The reaction mechanism, investigated by combination of EPR, quenching experiments and LC-MS, indicated that the reactive species included HO·, SO4˙-, and 1O2, but that 1O2 played the dominant role in TC oxidation through a non-radical oxidation pathway. In addition, the reusability and regeneration properties of the ACS-20 catalyst were also studied. This work provides a promising strategy and some theoretical basis for the design and preparation of activated carbon catalysts for advanced oxidation reactions from the viewpoint of pore structure design and S-doping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoping Guo
- School of Water Resources Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology Nanchang 330013 China +86 18734907983
| | - Yaxiong Huang
- School of Water Resources Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology Nanchang 330013 China +86 18734907983
| | - Yifan Li
- School of Water Resources Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology Nanchang 330013 China +86 18734907983
| | - Yan Luo
- School of Surveying and Mapping and Spatial Information Engineering, East China University of Technology Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Keng Xuan
- School of Water Resources Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology Nanchang 330013 China +86 18734907983
- Jiangxi Engineering Province Engineering Research Center of New Energy Technology and Equipment, East China University of Technology Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Yadan Guo
- School of Water Resources Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology Nanchang 330013 China +86 18734907983
| | - Hao Jiang
- School of Water Resources Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology Nanchang 330013 China +86 18734907983
| | - Rui Fang
- School of Water Resources Environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology Nanchang 330013 China +86 18734907983
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Jaramillo-Fierro X, Alvarado H, Montesdeoca F, Valarezo E. Faujasite-Type Zeolite Obtained from Ecuadorian Clay as a Support of ZnTiO 3/TiO 2 NPs for Cyanide Removal in Aqueous Solutions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119281. [PMID: 37298234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, zeolites prepared by the hydrothermal method from Ecuadorian clay were combined with the precursor clay and with the semiconductor ZnTiO3/TiO2 prepared by the sol-gel method to adsorb and photodegrade cyanide species from aqueous solutions. These compounds were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-rays, point of zero charge, and specific surface area. The adsorption characteristics of the compounds were measured using batch adsorption experiments as a function of pH, initial concentration, temperature, and contact time. The Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order model fit the adsorption process better. The equilibrium state in the reaction systems at pH = 7 was reached around 130 and 60 min in the adsorption and photodegradation experiments, respectively. The maximum cyanide adsorption value (73.37 mg g-1) was obtained with the ZC compound (zeolite + clay), and the maximum cyanide photodegradation capacity (90.7%) under UV light was obtained with the TC compound (ZnTiO3/TiO2 + clay). Finally, the reuse of the compounds in five consecutive treatment cycles was determined. The results reflect that the compounds synthesized and adapted to the extruded form could potentially be used for the removal of cyanide from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Jaramillo-Fierro
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Hipatia Alvarado
- Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Fernando Montesdeoca
- Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Valarezo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, Loja 1101608, Ecuador
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Enbanathan S, Munusamy S, Ponnan S, Jothi D, Manoj Kumar S, Sathiyanarayanan KI. AIE active luminous dye with a triphenylamine attached benzothiazole core as a portable polymer film for sensitively detecting CN- ions in food samples. Talanta 2023; 264:124726. [PMID: 37276676 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active 3-(3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4'-(diphenylamino)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)acrylonitrile (BTPA) has been designed and synthesized herein, with the goal of detecting CN- ions at a low-level in semi-aqueous medium. The deliberate addition of the electron-deficient alkene BTPA increased its sensitivity and selectivity to CN- ions, with a better detection limit of 6.4 nM, unveiling the next-generation approach to creating sophisticated CN- ions selective chemosensors. The ESI-MS and NMR spectra analyses provided strong support for the structures of the chemosensors, while the UV-Vis, photoluminescence, and 1H-NMR titration experiments provided support for the sensing efficiencies. Subsequently, PVDF/BTPA electrospun nanofibers have been effectively produced as functional films. These nanofiber films exhibit outstanding mechanical strength, photo/thermal stability, and optical responsiveness to CN- ions, making them a potential choice for on-field emerging contaminant detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Enbanathan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
| | - Sathishkumar Munusamy
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, United States.
| | - Sathiyanathan Ponnan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dhanapal Jothi
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, South Korea
| | - Selin Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, India
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Rajoria S, Vashishtha M, Sangal VK. Electrochemical treatment of electroplating wastewater using synthesized GO/TiO 2 nanotube electrode. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27366-7. [PMID: 37165264 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The graphene oxide (GO) deposited TiO2 nanotube (GO/TiO2) electrode on a titania plate was prepared using a simple anodization method. The morphological and structural properties of TiO2 and GO/TiO2 electrodes have been studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). FESEM-EDS analysis confirmed that the 13.56% wt of GO nanoparticles was formed over the TiO2 substrate, with the thickness of the wall to be ∼300 nm. The crystallite size of GO/TiO2, i.e., 19.53 nm, was confirmed by XRD analysis. Analysis of the UV-DRS spectrum showed the bandgap of the synthesized GO/TIO2 nanotube electrode to be 3.052 eV. Box-Behnken design (BBD) under response surface methodology (RSM) was used to design the experiments. The effect of operating input parameters like pH, current (i), and degradation time (t) on % COD degradation (X1) and energy consumed (X2) were also examined. At optimum process parameters, the value of X1 and X2 were 57.61% and 15.00 kWh/m3, respectively. Possible intermediates were identified based on the GC-MS data analysis. Scavenger tests showed that •OH radical plays a major role in electroplating effluents degradation. Based on the results, the EO process using GO/TiO2 electrodes could be considered a promising technique for electroplating effluent degradation due to high degradation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Rajoria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Manish Vashishtha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, 302017, India
| | - Vikas K Sangal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, 302017, India.
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8
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Can-Güven E, Yazici Guvenc S, Ilhan F, Varank G. Application of combined EO/PMS/Me 2+ process in organic matter and true color removal from paint manufacturing industry wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113451. [PMID: 35537495 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of paint manufacturing industry wastewater by electrooxidation (EO) process in which peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and transition metals are added was investigated. In the EO/PMS process, graphite was the cathode while different anode materials (Ti/IrO2, Ti/RuO2, and Ti/SnO2) were used. The anode with the highest chemical oxygen demand (COD) and true color removal efficiency was selected. To determine the catalyst effect on the process, different transition metals (Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+) were added and Fe2+ was chosen as the catalyst which provided higher removal efficiency and lower cost. The central composite design was applied for the optimization of the process variables of the EO/PMS/Fe2+ process. Current density, PMS dose, Fe2+ dose, and reaction time were process variables whereas COD and true color removal efficiency were system responses. Under optimum conditions (200 A/m2 current density, 14 mM PMS dose, 2.5 mM Fe2+ dose, 60 min reaction time), the estimated COD and true color removal efficiency by the model were 74.89% and 99.86%, respectively. The experimentally obtained COD and true color removal efficiencies as a result of validation studies were 74.28% and 99.03%, respectively. Quenching experiments showed that hydroxyl and sulfate radicals were both involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Can-Güven
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Senem Yazici Guvenc
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ilhan
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gamze Varank
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34220, Istanbul, Turkey
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Dargahi A, Moradi M, Hasani K, Vosoughi M. Improved degradation of tetracycline antibiotic in electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs): bioassay using bacteria and identification of intermediate compounds. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2022-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Among the pharmaceutical compounds, tetracycline is the second most common group of antibiotics in terms of production and consumption worldwide, which their entrance in to hospital, domestic and industrial wastewaters pollute water sources and environment and finally leads to antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of electrochemical processes, Fenton, electro-Fenton (EF) and sono-electro-Fenton (SEF) separately and using Graphite (G)/β-PbO2 anode to remove tetracycline from aqueous solutions. First, experiments for the electrochemical process by the response-surface methodology (RSM) using variables including pH (3–9), initial tetracycline concentration (20–100 mg/L), electrolysis time (4–45 min) and current density (0.5–4.5 mA/cm2) was designed and the optimal conditions of these variables were 3.5, 25.6 mg/L, 42.6 min, and 1.98 mA/cm2, respectively. Under the optimal conditions of the electrochemical process, the effect of FeSO4 with values of 0.02-0.08 g/250 mL in the Fenton process and the effect of H2O2 of 0.05–0.5 mg/L in the EF process were investigated, and the optimal values of 0.06 g/250 mL and 0.2 mg/L was obtained for FeSO4 and H2O2, respectively. Under optimal conditions, the removal efficiencies of SEF, EF, sono-electrochemical (SEC), electrochemical, Fenton and ultrasonic processes were 98.8%, 93.6%, 87.9%, 81.3%, 71.6%, and 11.5%, respectively. G/β-PbO2 anode had only 37.5% higher removal efficiency than graphite anode. Under the optimal conditions of SEF process, changes in toxicity reduction by bioassay with E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were 86% and 58.4%, respectively, and the kinetic study showed that the removal of tetracycline by SEF process with R2=0.9975 followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. Finally, intermediate compounds obtained from tetracycline analysis were identified using LC-MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Dargahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Health , Ardabil University of Medical Sciences , Ardabil , Iran
| | - Mina Moradi
- Students Research Committee , Ardabil University of Medical Sciences , Ardabil , Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health , Ardabil University of Medical Sciences , Ardabil , Iran
| | - Kamal Hasani
- Students Research Committee , Ardabil University of Medical Sciences , Ardabil , Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health , Ardabil University of Medical Sciences , Ardabil , Iran
| | - Mehdi Vosoughi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Health , Ardabil University of Medical Sciences , Ardabil , Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health , Ardabil University of Medical Sciences , Ardabil , Iran
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Shokri A, Soleimani F, Sanavi Fard M. The removal of COD in industrial wastewater by electro-persulfate process using central composite design. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Yang W, Deng Z, Wang Y, Ma L, Zhou K, Liu L, Wei Q. Porous boron-doped diamond for efficient electrocatalytic elimination of azo dye Orange G. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chen Y, Song Y, Wu L, Dong P. Role of hypochlorite in the harmless treatment of cyanide tailings through slurry electrolysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:40178-40189. [PMID: 35122199 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The efficient and harmless treatment of cyanide tailings is necessary for gold extraction processes. The present study reports the effects of ClO- generation in a slurry electrolysis system containing NaCl on the removal rate of cyanide and heavy metal ions in cyanide tailings. The chemical dissolution of metallic minerals and the reaction mechanisms were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The obtained results evidenced the key role of ClO- in the removal of cyanide and heavy metal ions through the slurry electrolysis system with NaCl addition. Furthermore, ClO- formation increased with the NaCl concentration, resulting in a higher removal rate of cyanide and heavy metal ions and enhanced metallic mineral dissolution. The cyanide tailings showed the best harmless effect with a NaCl concentration of 15 g/L. With this condition, the removal rates of CNT, CN-, Cu, Zn and Fe were 96.15%, 98.34%, 98.62%, 99.32% and 79.31%, respectively; furthermore, Cu and Fe precipitated at the cathode. The relative hematite content decreased by 3.12%. Under the effect of an electric field, the cyanide and metal cyanide complexes in the cyanide tailings oxidised and decomposed to release metal cations by the strongly oxidising ClO- generated at the anode. The metal cations and hematite were reduced at the cathode, while the metal oxide mineral hematite in the electrolyte underwent chemical dissolution. In the toxic degradation of cyanide tailings, the comprehensive recovery of metals and destruction of metallic minerals in tailings will provide favourable conditions for subsequent comprehensive utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Gold and Resources of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yonghui Song
- Key Laboratory of Gold and Resources of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Lei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Gold and Resources of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Ping Dong
- Key Laboratory of Gold and Resources of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
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13
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Application Potential of Cyanide Hydratase from Exidia glandulosa: Free Cyanide Removal from Simulated Industrial Effluents. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11111410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Industries such as mining, cokemaking, (petro)chemical and electroplating produce effluents that contain free cyanide (fCN = HCN + CN−). Currently, fCN is mainly removed by (physico)chemical methods or by biotreatment with activated sludge. Cyanide hydratases (CynHs) (EC 4.2.1.66), which convert fCN to the much less toxic formamide, have been considered for a mild approach to wastewater decyanation. However, few data are available to evaluate the application potential of CynHs. In this study, we used a new CynH from Exidia glandulosa (protein KZV92691.1 designated NitEg by us), which was overproduced in Escherichia coli. The purified NitEg was highly active for fCN with 784 U/mg protein, kcat 927/s and kcat/KM 42/s/mM. It exhibited optimal activities at pH approximately 6–9 and 40–45 °C. It was quite stable in this pH range, and retained approximately 40% activity at 37 °C after 1 day. Silver and copper ions (1 mM) decreased its activity by 30–40%. The removal of 98–100% fCN was achieved for 0.6–100 mM fCN. Moreover, thiocyanate, sulfide, ammonia or phenol added in amounts typical of industrial effluents did not significantly reduce the fCN conversion, while electroplating effluents may need to be diluted due to high fCN and metal content. The ease of preparation of NitEg, its high specific activity, robustness and long shelf life make it a promising biocatalyst for the detoxification of fCN.
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Pan Y, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Jia Y, Chen L, Cui H. Synergistic effect of adsorptive photocatalytic oxidation and degradation mechanism of cyanides and Cu/Zn complexes over TiO 2/ZSM-5 in real wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 416:125802. [PMID: 33865109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of cyanide wastewater from the gold industry is essential. Photocatalytic oxidation is an effective method for the elimination of cyanides and metal cyanide complexes. TiO2/ZSM-5 composite photocatalysts with different SiO2/Al2O3 ratios were prepared using the solid-state dispersion (SSD) method. The composite catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption, and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The catalytic efficiency of different SiO2/Al2O3 ratios and the synergistic effect of adsorptive photocatalytic oxidation for the degradation of cyanide wastewater was investigated under different adsorption and illumination times. With the extension of the photocatalytic time (>2.0 h), the composite catalyst with a high SiO2/Al2O3 ratio had better photocatalytic performance. A 93.97% degradation efficiency of total cyanides was observed after adsorption for 3.0 h and illumination for 4.0 h under room temperature with air as the oxidant. The removal efficiencies of the copper and zinc ions were 81.67% and 100%, respectively. The degradation of cyanide followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results showed that the generally irregular surface of the catalyst with a high SiO2/Al2O3 ratio contains more nano-TiO2. The adsorption capacities of copper and zinc were relatively high. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggested that cyanide was eventually degraded to CO2 and NO3-. Copper and zinc were removed in the form of Cu(II) and Zn(II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 255049 Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 255049 Zibo, Shandong, China.
| | - Yaoguo Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 255049 Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 255049 Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 255049 Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyou Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 255049 Zibo, Shandong, China.
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15
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Electro-Persulfate Processes for the Treatment of Complex Wastewater Matrices: Present and Future. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164821. [PMID: 34443408 PMCID: PMC8401330 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex wastewater matrices present a major environmental concern. Besides the biodegradable organics, they may contain a great variety of toxic chemicals, heavy metals, and other xenobiotics. The electrochemically activated persulfate process, an efficient way to generate sulfate radicals, has been widely applied to the degradation of such complex effluents with very good results. This review presents the fundamentals of the electro-persulfate processes, highlighting the advantages and limitations, followed by an exhaustive evaluation on the application of this process for the treatment of complex industrial effluents. An overview of the main relevant experimental parameters/details and their influence on the organic load removal is presented and discussed, having in mind the application of these technologies at an industrial scale. Finally, the future perspectives for the application of the electro-persulfate processes in the treatment of complex wastewater matrices is outlined.
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16
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Xiong Q, Jiang S, Fang R, Chen L, Liu S, Liu Y, Yin S, Hou H, Wu X. An environmental-friendly approach to remove cyanide in gold smelting pulp by chlorination aided and corncob biochar: Performance and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 408:124465. [PMID: 33191029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new process was developed using ClO- and corncob biochar (CB) combined with HAS (a stabilizer) to remove cyanide from gold smelting pulp. The Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the doses of treatment reagents during cyanide removal. Results showed that the optimal doses of the three reagents were as follows: ClO- dose of 20 mg/g dry solid (DS), CB dose of 22 mg/g DS, and an HAS dose of is 24 mg/g DS. The cyanide concentration in the filtrate was the lowest (0.114 mg/L), with a 98.36% removal efficiency after a contact time of 2 h at 25 °C under optimized conditions. Compared with those of ClO- and HAS, it was found that the dose of biochar was the dominant factor influencing cyanide removal. Batch sorption experiments of cyanide to biochar indicated that the Langmuir isotherm model fit the sorption data, and the maximum cyanide sorption capacity was expected to be 2.57 ± 0.06 mg/g. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations (interaction energy was -74.42 kcal/mol) indicated that the adsorption peak resulted from cation-π interactions between the cyanide and CB. This study could lead to a novel environmental-friendly approach for the removal of cyanide from gold smelting pulp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Xiong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China; School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shijie Jiang
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ran Fang
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shuhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yao Liu
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Technology and Business University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Haobo Hou
- School of Resource and Environment Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China.
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17
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Liu T, Miao D, Liu G, Wei Q, Zhou K, Yu Z, Ma L. A novel gradient current density output mode for effective electrochemical oxidative degradation of dye wastewater by boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:2085-2097. [PMID: 33263586 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to solve the problems of high energy consumption and low current efficiency in electrochemical oxidation (EO) degradation under the traditional constant output process (COP), a gradient output process (GOP) of current density is proposed in this paper. That is, the current density is gradually reduced in a fixed degradation time, and the Reactive Blue 19 simulated dye wastewater was used as the degradation target. The general applicability of the process was further confirmed by studying the optimal gradient current density output parameters, the dye concentration, electrolyte concentration and other dye compounds with different molecular structures. The corresponding results show that the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal (78%) and the color removal (100%) under the GOP are similar to those in the COP, and the overall energy consumption is reduced by about 50% compared with that in the traditional constant current mode. Moreover, the current efficiency in the middle and late stages of EO process has increased by 8.6 times compared with COP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China E-mail: ; The authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors
| | - Dongtian Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China E-mail: ; The authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors
| | - Guoshuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qiuping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China E-mail:
| | - Kechao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China E-mail:
| | - Zhiming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China E-mail:
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China E-mail:
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