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Dermitzakis I, Theotokis P, Axarloglou E, Delilampou E, Manthou ME, Meditskou S. Effects of hazardous chemicals on secondary sex ratio: A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 361:142467. [PMID: 38810798 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The secondary sex ratio (SSR), defined as the ratio of male to female offspring at birth, has garnered significant scientific interest due to its potential impact on population dynamics and evolution. In recent years, there has been a growing concern regarding the potential consequences of environmental chemicals on the SSR, given their widespread exposure and potential enduring ramifications on the reproductive system. While SSR serves as an indicator of health, ongoing research and scientific inquiry are being conducted to explore the potential relationship between chemicals and offspring ratio. Although some studies have suggested a possible correlation, others have yielded inconclusive results, indicating that the topic is intricate and still needs to be elucidated. The precise mechanism by which chemical agents exert their influence on the SSR remains ambiguous, with disruption of the endocrine system being a prominent justification. In light of the complex interplay between chemical exposure and SSR, the present review aims to comprehensively examine and synthesize existing scientific literature to gain a deeper understanding of how specific chemical exposures may impact SSR. Insights into chemical hazards that shift SSR patterns or trends could guide prevention strategies, including legislative bans of certain chemicals, to minimize environmental and public health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iasonas Dermitzakis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelos Axarloglou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthymia Delilampou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Eleni Manthou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Soultana Meditskou
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Liu X, Yu L, Zhang Y, Hua Z, Li X, Xue H, Chu K. Release of perfluoroalkyl acids from sediments under the effects of the discharge ratio and flow flux at a Y-shaped confluence. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 260:121947. [PMID: 38901312 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The sediments in riverine environments contain notably high concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), which may be released into the water body under different hydrodynamic forces, such as those occurring at Y-shaped confluences. The release of PFAAs may pose a significant risk to the surrounding aquatic ecosystems. However, our understanding of the release and transport of PFAAs from sediments at Y-shaped confluences remains unclear. Thus, in this study, we performed a series of flume experiments to explore the effects of discharge ratio and total flow flux on the release and redistribution of PFAAs. The results indicated that these two parameters significantly affected the hydrodynamic features of confluences and the water physicochemical parameters. PFAA concentrations in the dissolved phase and suspended particulate matter (SPM) rose significantly as the discharge ratio and total flow flux increased. The dissolved phase was the predominant loading form of PFAAs, with short-chain PFAAs being the main kind, while long-chain PFAAs were dominant in the SPM. The spatial distribution pattern of PFAAs in sediments at the confluence exhibited a high degree of correspondence with hydrodynamic zones. The separation zone and maximum velocity zone were consistent with sediment regions with low and high capacities to release PFAAs, respectively. The patterns of variation in PFAA distribution were comparable to those observed in hydrodynamic zones as the discharge ratio and total flow flux varied. Furthermore, these two parameters altered the partitioning behaviors of PFAAs; specifically, the PFAAs in sediments tended to be released into the pore-water, while the liberated PFAAs tended to attach to SPM. Linear regression and correlation analyses suggested that the stream-wise and vertical flow velocity components near the sediment-water interface were the primary contributors to sediment suspension and PFAA exchange between the water column and pore-water. These findings will help us to understand the patterns of PFAA release in sediments at Y-shaped confluences and assist in the management of PFAA-contaminated sediments at these locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China
| | - Liang Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China
| | - Zulin Hua
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China
| | - Hongqin Xue
- School of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Kejian Chu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing 210098, PR China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, PR China
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Huang SN, Hu YH, Xu TT, Luan YL, Zeng LX, Zhang ZF, Guo Y. Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in lung cancer patients and their associations with clinical health indicators. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 350:123995. [PMID: 38636840 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have potential carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity. Research has been conducted on PFAS exposure in people to discuss their potential health effects, excluding lung cancer. In this study, we recruited participants (n = 282) with lung cancer from Heilongjiang Province, northeast China. The PFAS concentrations were measured in their serum to fill the data gap of exposure, and relationships were explored in levels between PFASs and clinical indicators of tumor, immune and liver function. Ten PFASs were found in over 80 % of samples and their total concentrations were 5.27-152 ng/mL, with the highest level for perfluorooctanesulfonate (median: 12.4 ng/mL). Long-chain PFASs were the main congeners and their median concentration (20.5 ng/mL) was nearly three times to that of short-chain PFASs (7.61 ng/mL). Significantly higher concentrations of perfluorobutanoic acid, perfluorononanoic acid and perfluorohexanesulfonate were found in males than in females (p < 0.05). Serum levels of neuro-specific enolase were positively associated with perfluoropentanoic acid in all participants and were negatively associated with perfluorononanesulfonate in females (p < 0.05, multiple linear regression models). Exposure to PFAS mixture was significantly positively associated with the lymphocytic absolute value (difference: 0.224, 95% CI: 0.018, 0.470; p < 0.05, quantile g-computation models) and serum total bilirubin (difference: 2.177, 95% CI: 0.0335, 4.33; p < 0.05). Moreover, PFAS exposure can affect γ-glutamyl transpeptidase through several immune markers (p < 0.05, mediating test). Our results suggest that exposure to certain PFASs could interfere with clinical indicators in lung cancer patients. To our knowledge, this is the first study to detect serum PFAS occurrence and check their associations with clinical indicators in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Nan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Ying-Hua Hu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances, Heilongjiang Institute of Labor Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, The Second Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 100028, China
| | - Ting-Ting Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yu-Ling Luan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Li-Xi Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Ying Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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Shi W, Zhang Z, Li M, Dong H, Li J. Reproductive toxicity of PFOA, PFOS and their substitutes: A review based on epidemiological and toxicological evidence. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118485. [PMID: 38373549 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have already drawn a lot of attention for their accumulation and reproductive toxicity in organisms. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanoic sulfonate (PFOS), two representative PFAS, are toxic to humans and animals. Due to their widespread use in environmental media with multiple toxicities, PFOA and PFOS have been banned in numerous countries, and many substitutes have been produced to meet market requirements. Unfortunately, most alternatives to PFOA and PFOS have proven to be cumulative and highly toxic. Of the reported multiple organ toxicities, reproductive toxicity deserves special attention. It has been confirmed through epidemiological studies that PFOS and PFOA are not only associated with reduced testosterone levels in humans, but also with an association with damage to the integrity of the blood testicular barrier. In addition, for women, PFOA and PFOS are correlated with abnormal sex hormone levels, and increase the risk of infertility and abnormal menstrual cycle. Nevertheless, there is controversial evidence on the epidemiological relationship that exists between PFOA and PFOS as well as sperm quality and reproductive hormones, while the evidence from animal studies is relatively consistent. Based on the published papers, the potential toxicity mechanisms for PFOA, PFOS and their substitutes were reviewed. For males, PFOA and PFOS may produce reproductive toxicity in the following five ways: (1) Apoptosis and autophagy in spermatogenic cells; (2) Apoptosis and differentiation disorders of Leydig cells; (3) Oxidative stress in sperm and disturbance of Ca2+ channels in sperm membrane; (4) Degradation of delicate intercellular junctions between Sertoli cells; (5) Activation of brain nuclei and shift of hypothalamic metabolome. For females, PFOA and PFOS may produce reproductive toxicity in the following five ways: (1) Damage to oocytes through oxidative stress; (2) Inhibition of corpus luteum function; (3) Inhibition of steroid hormone synthesis; (4) Damage to follicles by affecting gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC); (5) Inhibition of placental function. Besides, PFAS substitutes show similar reproductive toxicity with PFOA and PFOS, and are even more toxic to the placenta. Finally, based on the existing knowledge, future developments and direction of efforts in this field are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan Shi
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zengli Zhang
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Mei Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, 215011, China
| | - Huiyu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jiafu Li
- School of Public Health, MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Shi T, Li D, Li D, Sun J, Xie P, Wang T, Li R, Li Z, Zou Z, Ren X. Individual and joint associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) with gallstone disease in adults: A cross-sectional study. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142168. [PMID: 38685323 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Disturbances in the enterohepatic circulation are important biological mechanisms for causing gallstones and also have important effects on the metabolism of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Moreover, PFAS is associated with sex hormone disorder which is another important cause of gallstones. However, it remains unclear whether PFAS is associated with gallstones. In this study, we used logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), quantile g-computation (qg-comp), Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and subgroup analysis to assess the individual and joint associations of PFAS with gallstones and effect modifiers. We observed that the individual associations of perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDeA) (OR: 0.600, 95% CI: 0.444 to 0.811), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUA) (OR: 0.630, 95% CI: 0.453 to 0.877), n-perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (n-PFOS) (OR: 0.719, 95% CI: 0.571 to 0.906), and perfluoromethylheptane sulfonic acid isomers (Sm-PFOS) (OR: 0.768, 95% CI: 0.602 to 0.981) with gallstones were linearly negative. Qg-comp showed that the PFAS mixture (OR: 0.777, 95% CI: 0.514 to 1.175) was negatively associated with gallstones, but the difference was not statistically significant, and PFDeA had the highest negative association. Moreover, smoking modified the association of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) with gallstones. BKMR showed that PFDeA, PFNA, and PFUA had the highest groupPIP (groupPIP = 0.93); PFDeA (condPIP = 0.82), n-perfluorooctanoic acid (n-PFOA) (condPIP = 0.68), and n-PFOS (condPIP = 0.56) also had high condPIPs. Compared with the median level, the joint association of the PFAS mixture with gallstones showed a negative trend; when the PFAS mixture level was at the 70th percentile or higher, they were negatively associated with gallstones. Meanwhile, when other PFAS were fixed at the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles, PFDeA had negative associations with gallstones. Our evidence emphasizes that PFAS is negatively associated with gallstones, and more studies are needed in the future to definite the associations of PFAS with gallstones and explore the underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshan Shi
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Di Li
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Donghua Li
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tingrong Wang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zhenjuan Li
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Zixuan Zou
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaowei Ren
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Institute for Health Statistics and Intelligent Analysis, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Ying Y, Wang S, Han L, Li H, Wang Y, Lv J, Ge RS, Tang Y. Perfluorotetradecanoic acid exposure to adult male rats stimulates corticosterone biosynthesis but inhibits aldosterone production. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024; 39:2610-2622. [PMID: 38205621 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA) is a novel perfluoroalkyl substance that ubiquitously exists in the environment. However, whether PFTeDA affects adrenal cortex function remains unclear. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (age of 60 days) were daily administered with PFTeDA (0, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg body weight) through gavage for 28 days. PFTeDA did not change body and adrenal gland weights. PFTeDA markedly elevated serum corticosterone level at 10 mg/kg but lowering serum aldosterone level at this dosage without influencing serum adrenocorticotropic hormone level. PFTeDA thickened zona fasciculata without affecting zona glomerulosa. PFTeDA remarkably upregulated the expression of corticosterone biosynthetic genes (Mc2r, Scarb1, Star, Cyp21, Cyp11b1, and Hsd11b1) and their proteins, whereas downregulating aldosterone biosynthetic enzyme Cyp11b2 and its protein, thereby distinctly altering their serum levels. PFTeDA markedly downregulated the expression of antioxidant genes (Sod1 and Sod2) and their proteins at 10 mg/kg. PFTeDA significantly decreased SIRT1/PGC1α and AMPK signaling while stimulating AKT1/mTOR signaling. Corticosterone significantly inhibited testosterone production by adult Leydig cells at >0.1 μM in vitro; however aldosterone significantly stimulated testosterone production at 0.1 nM. In conclusion, exposure to PFTeDA at male rat adulthood causes corticosterone excess and aldosterone deficiency via SIRT1/PGC1α, AMPK, and AKT1/mTOR signals, which in turn additively leads to testosterone deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfen Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jieqiang Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yunbing Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Wen C, Chen H, Tang Y, Lin H, Xu C, Ying Y, Zhu Y, Miao X, Ge RS, Chen C, Chen S. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances inhibit human and rat 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1: Quantitative structure-activity relationship and molecular docking analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116173. [PMID: 38452703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) substances are enduring industrial materials. 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoform 1 (17β-HSD1) is an estrogen metabolizing enzyme, which transforms estrone into estradiol in human placenta and rat ovary. Whether PFAS inhibit 17β-HSD1 and what the structure-activity relationship (SAR) remains unexplored. We screened 18 PFAS for inhibiting human and rat 17β-HSD1 in microsomes and studied their SAR and mode of action(MOA). Of the 11 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs), C8-C14 PFCAs at a concentration of 100 μM substantially inhibited human 17β-HSD1, with order of C11 (half-maximal inhibition concentration, IC50, 8.94 μM) > C10 (10.52 μM) > C12 (14.90 μM) > C13 (30.97 μM) > C9 (43.20 μM) > C14 (44.83 μM) > C8 (73.38 μM) > others. Of the 7 per- and poly-fluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs), the potency was C8S (IC50, 14.93 μM) > C7S (80.70 μM) > C6S (177.80 μM) > others. Of the PFCAs, C8-C14 PFCAs at 100 μM markedly reduced rat 17β-HSD1 activity, with order of C11 (IC50, 9.11 μM) > C12 (14.30 μM) > C10 (18.24 μM) > C13 (25.61 μM) > C9 (67.96 μM) > C8 (204.39 μM) > others. Of the PFSAs, the potency was C8S (IC50, 37.19 μM) > C7S (49.38 μM) > others. In contrast to PFOS (C6S), the partially fluorinated compound 6:2 FTS with an equivalent number of carbon atoms demonstrated no inhibition of human and rat 17β-HSD1 activity at a concentration of 100 μM. The inhibition of human and rat enzymes by PFAS followed a V-shaped trend from C4 to C14, with a nadir at C11. Moreover, human 17β-HSD1 was more sensitive than rat enzyme. PFAS inhibited human and rat 17β-HSD1 in a mixed mode. Docking analysis revealed that they bind to the NADPH and steroid binding site of both 17β-HSD1 enzymes. The 3D quantitative SAR (3D-QSAR) showed that hydrophobic region, hydrogen bond acceptor and donor are key factors in binding to 17β-HSD1 active sites. In conclusion, PFAS exhibit inhibitory effects on human and rat 17β-HSD1 depending on factors such as carbon chain length, degree of fluorination, and the presence of carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid groups, with a notable V-shaped shift observed at C11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wen
- Department of Neonatal Paediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Emergency, the Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yunbing Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Congcong Xu
- Department of Neonatal Paediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yingfen Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province and Key Laboratory of Male Health and Environment of Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, China
| | - Xinjun Miao
- Department of Emergency, the Dingli Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province and Key Laboratory of Male Health and Environment of Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, China.
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Neonatal Paediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Shangqin Chen
- Department of Neonatal Paediatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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8
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Sang L, Ge Y, Liu F, Wei K, Shen X, Zhang Y, Li Z, Lu W, Gao X, Zhang Y. Association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and sex hormone levels in males based on human studies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 271:115998. [PMID: 38262091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous chemicals in the environment and our daily lives. Several epidemiological studies have revealed that PFAS exposure is linked to male sex hormone levels; however, the conclusions are inconsistent across studies. Consequently, we performed a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the association between PFAS exposure and male sex hormones. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) standards were followed during the meta-analysis. PubMed, Wed of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Ovid databases were used to identify suitable articles before June 2023. The 95% CI and β values were calculated to assess the association between male sex hormone levels and PFAS exposure. Heterogeneity among the included studies was tested using inconsistency statistics (I2). RESULTS The literature search identified 12 published articles that met our search criteria, involving 7506 participants. Our results revealed that perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposures were negatively correlated with testosterone (β = -0.05; 95% CI: -0.09, -0.02, P = 0.003) and (β = -0.04; 95% CI: -0.08, 0.00, P = 0.049), respectively. CONCLUSION Exposure to PFNA and PFOA is negatively correlated with changes in male testosterone levels. This correlation suggests that we need to pay attention in the future to whether they are potential risk factors for male reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Sang
- Department of Public Health, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Yue Ge
- Department of Public Health, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Fucun Liu
- Department of Public Health, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Department of Public Health, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Xingyu Shen
- Department of Public Health, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Public Health, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Wencen Lu
- Department of Public Health, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, XuZhou 2210000, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222000, China.
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9
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Li L, Guo Y, Ma S, Wen H, Li Y, Qiao J. Association between exposure to per- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and reproductive hormones in human: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117553. [PMID: 37931739 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is persistent endocrine disrupting chemicals. Previous evidence suggests that exposure to PFAS is associated with reproductive hormone levels, but the results of relevant studies are inconsistent. The objective of our study is to determine the association between exposure to PFAS and reproductive hormone levels in gender-specific general population. METHOD Based on scientific search strategies, we systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, and Scopus to obtain the eligible studies published before January 21, 2023. The quality of the included articles was assessed using the Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT) Risk of Bias tool. We combined the β coefficient and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using Stata.17 with random-effect model or fixed-effect model. We also performed subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and Begger's and Egger's tests. RESULTS Eleven studies involving 7714 participants were included. Meta-analysis showed that PFHxS exposure was positively associated with estradiol (E2) levels in female [β = 0.030, 95% CI: (0.013, 0.046), P = 0.000]. A negative association was found between PFOA [β = -0.012, 95% CI: (-0.023, -0.002), P = 0.017] and PFOS [β = -0.011; 95% CI: (-0.021, -0.000), P = 0.042] exposure with male testosterone (TT) levels. In the subgroup analysis, there were stronger associations in children than in adults. And the high heterogeneity was mainly due to the cross-sectional studies. Publication bias was not found in most of the analyses. CONCLUSION Our study showed that PFAS exposure was significantly associated with reproductive hormone levels. Further related studies are needed to identify the association and potential mechanism in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Yingkun Guo
- School of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Hui Wen
- School of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Yupei Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Jianhong Qiao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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10
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Hong Y, Wu S, Wei G. Adverse effects of microplastics and nanoplastics on the reproductive system: A comprehensive review of fertility and potential harmful interactions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166258. [PMID: 37579804 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) have caused ubiquitous environmental pollution and raised widespread concern about their potential toxicity to human health, especially in the reproductive system. Moreover, infertility affects >15 % of couples worldwide, and the birth rate is decreasing. Environmental factors are some of the most important causes of infertility. However, little is known about the effects of MPs and NPs on the testes and ovaries. These particles can enter the body primarily via ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact, target the reproductive system in a size-dependent manner and disturb germ cell and other somatic cell development. Our study systematically reviewed the adverse effects of plastic particles on reproductive function and offers valuable insights into the different stages of germ cells and the potential mechanisms. Moreover, the synergistic reproductive toxicity of these particles and carried contaminants was summarized. Given the limited research scale, a shift toward innovative technologies and the adoption of multiple omics are recommended for advancing related studies. Further study is needed to explore the reproductive toxicity of MPs and NPs based on their size, polymer type, shape, and carried toxins, establish effective protective measures, and develop precision medicine for targeted reproductive damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Hong
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Shengde Wu
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China.
| | - Guanghui Wei
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, PR China
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11
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Wee SY, Aris AZ. Environmental impacts, exposure pathways, and health effects of PFOA and PFOS. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 267:115663. [PMID: 37976959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals that have been widely utilized in various industries since the 1940s, and have now emerged as environmental contaminants. In recent years, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) have been restricted and replaced with several alternatives. The high persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity of these substances have contributed to their emergence as environmental contaminants, and several aspects of their behavior remain largely unknown and require further investigation. The trace level of PFAS makes the development of a monitoring database challenging. Additionally, the potential health issues associated with PFAS are not yet fully understood due to ongoing research and inadequate evidence (experimental and epidemiological studies), especially with regard to the combined effects of exposure to PFAS mixtures and human health risks from drinking water consumption. This in-depth review offers unprecedented insights into the exposure pathways and toxicological impacts of PFAS, addressing critical knowledge gaps in their behaviors and health implications. It presents a comprehensive NABC-Needs, Approach, Benefits, and Challenges-analysis to guide future strategies for the sustainable monitoring and management of these pervasive environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Yee Wee
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
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12
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Zhang H, Wang S, Chen Y, Li J, Zhai Y, Tang Y, Li H, Sang J, Wang H, Lv J, Ge RS. Carbon chain length of perfluoroalkylated carboxylic acids determines inhibitory strength on gonadal 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in humans, rats, and mice. Toxicol Lett 2023; 389:45-58. [PMID: 37871704 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkylated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are a subclass of man-made chemicals that have been widely used in industrial production and consumer products. As a result, PFCAs have been found to accumulate in the environment and bioaccumulate in organisms, leading to potential health and environmental impacts. This study investigated the inhibition of 11 PFCAs on gonadal 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in humans, rats, and mice. We observed a V-shaped inhibition pattern against human granulosa (KGN) cell 3β-HSD2 starting from C9 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50, 100.8 μM) to C11 (8.92 μM), with a V-shaped turn. The same V-shaped inhibition pattern was also observed for PFCAs against rat testicular 3β-HSD1 from C9 (IC50, 50.43 μM) to C11 (6.60 μM). Mouse gonadal 3β-HSD6 was insensitive to the inhibition of PFCAs, with an IC50 of 50.43 μM for C11. All of these PFCAs were mixed inhibitors of gonadal 3β-HSDs. Docking analysis showed that PFCAs bind to the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/steroid binding sites of these enzymes and bivariate correlation analysis showed that molecular length determines the inhibitory pattern of PFCAs on these enzymes. In conclusion, the carbon chain length determines the inhibitory strength of PFCAs on human, rat, and mouse gonadal 3β-HSDs, and the inhibitory strength of PFCAs against human and rat 3β-HSD enzymes shows V-shaped turn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huina Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ya Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yingna Zhai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yunbing Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jianmin Sang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Jieqiang Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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13
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Frigerio G, Ferrari CM, Fustinoni S. Prenatal and childhood exposure to per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and its associations with childhood overweight and/or obesity: a systematic review with meta-analyses. Environ Health 2023; 22:56. [PMID: 37580798 PMCID: PMC10424367 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-01006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent organic pollutants and suspected endocrine disruptors. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to summarise the associations between prenatal or childhood exposure to PFASs and childhood overweight/obesity. METHODS The search was performed on the bibliographic databases PubMed and Embase with text strings containing terms related to prenatal, breastfeeding, childhood, overweight, obesity, and PFASs. Only papers describing a biomonitoring study in pregnant women or in children up to 18 years that assessed body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), or fat mass in children were included. When the estimates of the association between a PFAS and an outcome were reported from at least 3 studies, a meta-analysis was conducted; moreover, to correctly compare the studies, we developed a method to convert the different effect estimates and made them comparable each other. Meta-analyses were performed also stratifying by sex and age, and sensitivity analyses were also performed. RESULTS In total, 484 and 779 articles were retrieved from PubMed and Embase, respectively, resulting in a total of 826 articles after merging duplicates. The papers included in this systematic review were 49: 26 evaluating prenatal exposure to PFASs, 17 childhood exposure, and 6 both. Considering a qualitative evaluation, results were conflicting, with positive, negative, and null associations. 30 papers were included in meta-analyses (19 prenatal, 7 children, and 4 both). Positive associations were evidenced between prenatal PFNA and BMI, between PFOA and BMI in children who were more than 3 years, and between prenatal PFNA and WC. Negative associations were found between prenatal PFOS and BMI in children who were 3 or less years, and between PFHxS and risk of overweight. Relatively more consistent negative associations were evidenced between childhood exposure to three PFASs (PFOA, PFOS, and PFNA) and BMI, in particular PFOS in boys. However, heterogeneity among studies was high. CONCLUSION Even though heterogeneous across studies, the pooled evidence suggests possible associations, mostly positive, between prenatal exposure to some PFASs and childhood BMI/WC; and relatively stronger evidence for negative associations between childhood exposure to PFASs and childhood BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Frigerio
- Environmental Cheminformatics, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval | House of Biomedicine II, 6 Avenue du Swing, L-4367, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy.
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Matilde Ferrari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Fustinoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
- Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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14
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Tang Y, Lei S, Wang S, Lu H, Li H, Lv J, Ge RS, Ying Y. Leydig cell development in pubertal male rats is blocked by perfluorotetradecanoic acid through decreasing AMPK-mTOR-autophagy pathway. Toxicol Lett 2023:S0378-4274(23)00194-7. [PMID: 37269911 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA) is a type of perfluoroalkyl acid that has been linked to various health effects in animals and humans. The study aimed to investigate the potential impact of PFTeDA exposure on Leydig cell development in rats during puberty. Understanding the effects of PFTeDA on Leydig cells is crucial as these cells play a significant role in male reproductive function. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged with PFTeDA at doses of 0, 1, 5, and 10mg/kg/day from postnatal day 35 to 56. The serum hormone levels were measured and testicular transcriptome changes were analyzed by RNA-seq and verified by qPCR, and the levels of steroidogenesis-related proteins and energy regulators were measured. PFTeDA significantly reduced serum testosterone levels while slightly increasing LH levels. RNA-seq and qPCR analysis showed that genes responsive to oxidative phosphorylation (Naufa1 and Ndufs6) and steroidogenesis (Ldlr, Star, Cyp11a1) were markedly downregulated at ≥5mg/kg, while those related to ferroptosis (Alox15) and cell senescence (Map2k3 and RT1-CE3) were significantly upregulated. PFTeDA markedly reduced SIRT1 (silent information regulator 1) /PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α) and AMPKA (AMP activated kinase A), LC3B and Beclin1 (biomarkers for autophagy) levels while increasing phosphorylated mTOR. In vitro treatment of PFTeDA at 5 μM significantly reduced androgen output of Leydig cells from 35-day-old male rats while ferrostatin 1 (10 μM) reversed PFTeDA-mediated inhibition. In conclusion, the inhibitory effects of PFTeDA on pubertal rat Leydig cell development are possibly regulated by inducing ferroptosis thereby downregulating SIRT1/AMPKA/ autophagy pathways, eventually resulting in reduced steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbing Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi Lei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Han Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Key Laboratory of Pediatric Anesthesiology, Ministry of Education,Wenzhou Medical University; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Jieqiang Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yingfen Ying
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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15
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Duliban M, Pawlicki P, Kamińska A, Yurdakok-Dikmen B, Tekin K, Kotula-Balak M. Status of estrogen receptor expression and epigenetic methylation in Leydig cells after exposure to metalloestrogen - selenium. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 118:108389. [PMID: 37142062 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The trace element selenium (Se) is essential for the maintenance of spermatogenesis and fertility. A growing volume of evidence shows that Se is necessary for testosterone synthesis, and Se can stimulate Leydig cell proliferation. However, Se can also act as a metalloestrogen, which can mimic estrogen and activate the estrogen receptors. This study aimed to investigate Se effect on estrogen signaling and the epigenetic status of Leydig cells. Mouse Leydig cells (MA-10) were cultured in a medium supplemented with different Se concentrations (4, 8µM) for 24hours. Next, cells were assessed for morphological and molecular (qRT PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence) analyses. Immunofluorescence revealed strong immunosignal for 5-methylcytosine in both control and treated cells, with a stronger signal in the 8μM treated group. qRT-PCR confirmed an increased expression of methyltransferase 3β (Dnmt3b) in 8μM cells. Analysis of the expression of γH2AX (a marker for double-stranded DNA breaks) revealed an increase in the DNA breaks in cells exposed to 8μM Se. Selenium exposure did not affect the expression of canonical estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), however, an increase in membrane estrogen receptor G-protein coupled (GPER) protein expression was observed. To sum up, in a high concentration (8μM) Se affects GPER expression (non-genomic estrogen signaling) in Leydig cells possibly via acting on receptor protein and/or its binding. This causes DNA breaks and induces changes in Leydig cell methylation status, especially in de novo methylation which is mediated by Dnmt3b.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Duliban
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - P Pawlicki
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Redzina 1c, 30-248 Krakow, Poland
| | - A Kamińska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - B Yurdakok-Dikmen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara 06110 Dışkapı, Turkey
| | - K Tekin
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara 06110 Dışkapı, Turkey
| | - M Kotula-Balak
- Department of Anatomy and Preclinical Sciences, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
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16
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Jouanneau W, Léandri-Breton DJ, Herzke D, Moe B, Nikiforov VA, Pallud M, Parenteau C, Gabrielsen GW, Chastel O. Does contaminant exposure disrupt maternal hormones deposition? A study on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in an Arctic seabird. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 868:161413. [PMID: 36621503 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Maternal effects are thought to be essential tools for females to modulate offspring development. The selective deposition of avian maternal hormones could therefore allow females to strategically adjust the phenotype of their offspring to the environmental situation encountered. However, at the time of egg formation, several contaminants are also transferred to the egg, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) which are ubiquitous organic contaminants with endocrine disrupting properties. It is, however, unknown if they can disrupt maternal hormone deposition. In this study we explored relationships between female PFAS burden and maternal deposition in the eggs of steroids (dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione and testosterone), glucocorticoids (corticosterone) and thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine and thyroxine) in a population of the Arctic-breeding black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). Egg yolk hormone levels were unrelated to female hormone plasma levels. Second-laid eggs had significantly lower concentrations of androstenedione than first-laid eggs. Triiodothyronine yolk levels were decreasing with increasing egg mass but increasing with increasing females' body condition. Testosterone was the only transferred yolk hormone correlated to maternal PFAS burden: specifically, we found a positive correlation between testosterone in yolks and circulating maternal perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDcA) and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) in first-laid eggs. This correlative study provides a first insight into the potential of some long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids to disrupt maternal hormones deposition in eggs and raises the question about the consequences of increased testosterone deposition on the developing embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Jouanneau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 17031 La Rochelle, France; Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Don-Jean Léandri-Breton
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 17031 La Rochelle, France; Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Ste Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Dorte Herzke
- NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Børge Moe
- NINA - Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vladimir A Nikiforov
- NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marie Pallud
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 17031 La Rochelle, France
| | - Charline Parenteau
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 17031 La Rochelle, France
| | | | - Olivier Chastel
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle Université, 17031 La Rochelle, France
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17
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Zhao C, Wang S, Zhai Y, Wang M, Tang Y, Li H, Im YJ, Ge RS. Direct inhibition of human and rat 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Structure-activity relationship and in silico docking analysis. Toxicology 2023; 488:153484. [PMID: 36878351 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent in the environment and may disrupt the endocrine system. Our previous study showed that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, C8) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS, C8S) can inhibit 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11β-HSD2) activity leading to an active glucocorticoid accumulation. In this study, we extended investigation for 17 PFAS, including carboxylic and sulfonic acids, with different carbon-chain lengths, to determine their inhibitory potency and structure-activity relationship in human placental and rat renal 11β-HSD2. C8-C14 PFAS at 100 μM significantly inhibited human 11β-HSD2 with a potency as C10 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50, 9.19 μM) > C11 (15.09 μM) > C12 (18.43 μM) > C9 (20.93 μM) > C13 (124 μM) > C14 (147.3 μM) > other C4-C7 carboxylic acids, and C8S > C7S = C10S > other sulfonic acids. For rat 11β-HSD2, only C9 and C10 and C7S and C8S PFAS exhibited significant inhibitory effects. PFAS are primarily mixed/competitive inhibitors of human 11β-HSD2. Preincubation and simultaneous incubation with the reducing agent dithiothreitol significantly increased human 11β-HSD2 but not rat 11β-HSD2, and preincubation but not simultaneous incubation with dithiothreitol partially reversed C10-mediated inhibition on human 11β-HSD2. Docking analysis showed that all PFAS bound to the steroid-binding site and carbon-chain length determined the potency of inhibition, with the optimal molecular length (12.6 Å) for potent inhibitors PFDA and PFOS, which is comparable to the molecular length (12.7 Å) of the substrate cortisol. The length between 8.9 and 17.2 Å is the probable threshold molecular length to inhibit human 11β-HSD2. In conclusion, the carbon-chain length determines the inhibitory effect of PFAS on human and rat 11β-HSD2, and the inhibitory potency of long-chain PFAS on human and rat 11β-HSD2 showed V-shaped pattern. Long-chain PFAS may partially act on the cysteine residues of human 11β-HSD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yingna Zhai
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Mengyun Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yunbing Tang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Young Jun Im
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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18
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Wang S, Zhang B, Zhai Y, Tang Y, Lou Y, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Ge RS, Li H. Structure-activity relationship analysis of perfluoroalkyl carbonic acids on human and rat placental 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Toxicology 2022; 480:153334. [PMID: 36122607 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Placenta contains 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/steroid Δ5,4-isomerase (HSD3B), which catalyzes pregnenolone to progesterone for maintaining pregnancy. Perfluoroalkyl carbonic acids (PFC) are subclass of perfluoroalkyl substances containing 4-14 carbons (C4-C14) in the carbon backbone and are potential endocrine disruptors. Whether PFC inhibit HSD3B and structure-activity relationship (SAR) remains unclear. Herein, we screened 11 PFC for inhibiting human type I HSD3B (HSD3B1) and rat type IV HSD3B (HSD3B4) activities and determined SAR and mode of inhibition. HSD3B was measured by converting pregnenolone to progesterone assisted by NAD+ in placental microsomes. Of the 11 PFC, C9-C14 significantly inhibited human HSD3B1 activity at 100 μM. Half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of C9-C14 compounds were 363.56 ± 12.14, 12.78 ± 0.69, 6.54 ± 0.65, 20.88 ± 0.41, 118.35 ± 0.16, and 149.26 ± 21.67 μM, respectively. We determined Ki values and mode of inhibition of three most potent PFC (C10-C12), and found that they were mixed inhibitors against pregnenolone, with Ki values of 5.57 ± 4.37, 2.04 ± 2.26, and 9.93 ± 7.71, respectively. Docking analysis showed that they bound steroid-binding site. Effects of PFC on rat placental HSD3B4 were performed. Of the 11 PFC, C10-C12 significantly inhibited rat HSD3B4 activity at 100 μM. IC50 values of C10-C12 compounds were 45.85 ± 1.49, 36.08 ± 1.50, and 88.74 ± 1.99 µM, respectively. Ki values and inhibition modes of the three most potent PFC (C10-C12) were studied. It was found that they were mixed inhibitors against pregnenolone, with Ki values of 48.16 ± 20.44, 36.28 ± 53.07, and 91.79 ± 21.75 μM, respectively. Docking analysis showed that they bound steroid-binding site of rat HSD3B4. In conclusion, PFC showed significant SAR differences. The potency of inhibiting HSD3B activity increased from C9 to C11, and then declined. Human HSD3B1 was more sensitive to the inhibition of rat HSD3B4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bingru Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yingna Zhai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yunbing Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yuzhen Lou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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19
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Luo K, Huang W, Zhang Q, Liu X, Nian M, Wei M, Wang Y, Chen D, Chen X, Zhang J. Environmental exposure to legacy poly/perfluoroalkyl substances, emerging alternatives and isomers and semen quality in men: A mixture analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155158. [PMID: 35421474 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Multiple studies have examined the relationship between PFAS and semen quality, but none has explored the associations of PFAS mixture that includes emerging alternatives and branched isomers. METHODS 22 PFAS, including 10 linear legacy PFAS, 7 branched isomers, 3 short chain alternatives and 2 components of F53B [e.g., 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (Cl-PFESA)] were quantified in blood plasma among 740 healthy men. Five semen quality parameters (i.e., volume, count, concentration, total motility and progressive rate) were assessed. Multiple linear regression and three multiple pollutant models (i.e., adaptive elastic net regression, quantile based g-computation, and XGBoost method) were used to assess the associations of individual PFAS and PFAS mixture with semen quality and the potential interactive effects among congeners. RESULTS After adjusting for selected confounders, perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) presented significant and negative associations with sperm count [βAENET = -0.09 (95%CI: -0.14, -0.03) for PFBS, and -0.16 (95%CI: -0.25, -0.07) for PFHxS] and sperm concentration [-0.04 (95%CI: -0.08, -0.001) for PFBS and -0.11 (95%CI: -0.17, -0.04) for PFHxS]. 6:2 Cl-PFESA showed negative associations with total motility (-2.33, 95%CI: -3.80, -0.86) and progressive rate (-1.46, 95%CI: -2.79, -0.12). But perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid (PFHpS) was positively associated with sperm count and concentration. These associations were supported by the importance assessment of these four congeners in XGBoost analyses. However, no associations were found between PFAS mixture or branched isomers and semen quality; nor were there significant interactions among PFAS congeners. CONCLUSIONS In the current cross-sectional study, we found that two emerging PFAS replacements (i.e., 6:2 Cl-PFESA and PFBS) and PFHxS exposure were associated with reduced semen concentration, total sperm count and motility in men. Meanwhile, significant positive associations between PFHpS and sperm count and concentration were also observed. But there were no consistent associations between PFAS mixture, branched isomers and semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Luo
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qianlong Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaotu Liu
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Min Nian
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mengdan Wei
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiangfeng Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200135, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, China; Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, Hainan 570100, China.
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20
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Gong X, Xu L, Kou X, Zheng J, Kuang Y, Zhou S, Huang S, Zheng Y, Ke W, Chen G, Ouyang G. Amino-functionalized metal–organic frameworks for efficient solid-phase microextraction of perfluoroalkyl acids in environmental water. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Dong Z, Wang J, Qiu T, Wu J, An Y, Shi X, Sun X, Jiang L, Liu X, Yang G, Cao J, Yao X. Perfluorooctane sulfonate induces mitochondrial calcium overload and early hepatic insulin resistance via autophagy/detyrosinated alpha-tubulin-regulated IP3R2-VDAC1-MICU1 interaction. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153933. [PMID: 35192817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), one kind of persistent organic pollutants, is associated with insulin resistance (IR) in general population. However, the exact mechanism is still obscure. In this study, we found that 50 μM PFOS caused IR in L-02 hepatocytes after 1 h, and induced autophagy and mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) accumulation as early as 0.5 h. Inhibiting autophagy relieved mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and then reversed IR. Mitochondria were aggregated at cell periphery, and extracellular Ca2+ from IP3R2 on the plasma membrane, rather than endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+, was the priority source of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake at early stages of PFOS exposure. Furthermore, we discovered that the linkage connecting autophagy and mitochondrial Ca2+ response was detyrosinated α-tubulin, which autophagy-dependently ascended, interacted with VDAC1 and enhanced the formation of IP3R2-VDAC1-MICU1 complex. Consistently, PFOS caused IR, activated autophagy, induced mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, increased the level of detyrosinated α-tubulin, and promoted the formation of IP3R2-VDAC1-MICU1 complex in the liver of C57BL/6J mice exposed to 2.5 mg/kg/day PFOS for 6 weeks. This study clarified that autophagy and mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation were the early and triggering event that caused PFOS-related IR, also unveiled a novel mechanism regulating mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanchen Dong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jianyu Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Tianming Qiu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jialu Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Yu An
- Dalian Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 151 Yueling West Street, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116037, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xiance Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, 9 W Lushun South Road, Dalian 116044, PR China.
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22
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Huang J, Ren H, Chen A, Li T, Wang H, Jiang L, Zheng S, Qi H, Ji B, Wang X, Qu J, Zhao J, Qiu L. Perfluorooctane sulfonate induces suppression of testosterone biosynthesis via Sertoli cell-derived exosomal/miR-9-3p downregulating StAR expression in Leydig cells. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 301:118960. [PMID: 35150797 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is associated with male reproductive disorder, but the related mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we used in vivo and in vitro models to explore the role of Sertoli cell-derived exosomes (SC-Exo)/miR-9-3p/StAR signaling pathway on PFOS-induced suppression of testosterone biosynthesis. Forty male ICR mice were orally administrated PFOS (0.5-10 mg/kg/bw) for 4 weeks. Bodyweight, organ index, sperm count, reproductive hormones were evaluated. Primary Sertoli cells and Leydig cells were used to delineate the molecular mechanisms that mediate the effects of PFOS on testosterone biosynthesis. Our results demonstrated that PFOS dose-dependently induced a decrease in sperm count, low levels of testosterone, and damage in testicular interstitium morphology. In vitro models, PFOS significantly increased miR-9-3p levels in Sertoli cells and SC-Exo, accompanied by a decrease in testosterone secretion and StAR expression in Leydig cells when Leydig cells were exposed to SC-Exo. Meanwhile, inhibition of SC-Exo or miR-9-3p by their inhibitors significantly rescued PFOS-induced decreases in testosterone secretion and the mRNA and protein expression of the StAR gene in Leydig cells. In summary, the present study highlights the role of the SC-Exo/miR-9-3p/StAR signaling pathway in PFOS-induced suppression of testosterone biosynthesis, advancing our understanding of molecular mechanisms for PFOS-induced male reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyan Huang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd., Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Hang Ren
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd., Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Anni Chen
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd., Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd., Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd., Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Lianlian Jiang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd., Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Shaokai Zheng
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd., Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Han Qi
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd., Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Binyan Ji
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd., Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Xipei Wang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd., Nantong, 226019, PR China; Jiangsu Province-Hai'an People's Hospital, Hai'an City, Nantong City, 17 Zhongba Middle Road, (Affiliated Haian Hospital of Nantong University), PR China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd., Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Jianya Zhao
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd., Nantong, 226019, PR China
| | - Lianglin Qiu
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Rd., Nantong, 226019, PR China.
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23
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Delbes G, Blázquez M, Fernandino JI, Grigorova P, Hales BF, Metcalfe C, Navarro-Martín L, Parent L, Robaire B, Rwigemera A, Van Der Kraak G, Wade M, Marlatt V. Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on gonad development: Mechanistic insights from fish and mammals. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112040. [PMID: 34509487 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past century, evidence has emerged that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have an impact on reproductive health. An increased frequency of reproductive disorders has been observed worldwide in both wildlife and humans that is correlated with accidental exposures to EDCs and their increased production. Epidemiological and experimental studies have highlighted the consequences of early exposures and the existence of key windows of sensitivity during development. Such early in life exposures can have an immediate impact on gonadal and reproductive tract development, as well as on long-term reproductive health in both males and females. Traditionally, EDCs were thought to exert their effects by modifying the endocrine pathways controlling reproduction. Advances in knowledge of the mechanisms regulating sex determination, differentiation and gonadal development in fish and rodents have led to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of early exposure to EDCs on reproduction. In this manuscript, we review the key developmental stages sensitive to EDCs and the state of knowledge on the mechanisms by which model EDCs affect these processes, based on the roadmap of gonad development specific to fish and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Delbes
- Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, Canada.
| | - M Blázquez
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J I Fernandino
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | | | - B F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - C Metcalfe
- School of Environment, Trent University, Trent, Canada
| | - L Navarro-Martín
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Parent
- Université TELUQ, Montréal, Canada
| | - B Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - A Rwigemera
- Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, Canada
| | - G Van Der Kraak
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - M Wade
- Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - V Marlatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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24
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Yu S, Ren J, Lv Z, Li R, Zhong Y, Yao W, Yuan J. Prediction of the endocrine-disrupting ability of 49 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: In silico and epidemiological evidence. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133366. [PMID: 34933031 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) on humans are mediated by nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs). However, data on the interaction of PFASs and NHRs is limited. Endocrine Disruptome, an inverse docking tool, was used in this study to simulate the docking of 49 common PFASs with 14 different types of human NHRs. According to the findings, 25 PFASs have a high or moderately high probability of binding to more than five NHRs, with androgen receptor (AR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) being the most likely target NHRs. Molecular docking analyses revealed that the binding modes of PFASs with the two NHRs were similar to those of their corresponding co-crystallized ligands. PFASs, in particular, may disrupt the endocrine system by binding to MR. This finding is consistent with epidemiological research that has linked PFASs to MR-related diseases. Our findings may contribute to a better understanding of the health risks posed by PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Yu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune-Engineering of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, PR China
| | - Jing Ren
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Zhenxia Lv
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Yuyan Zhong
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Wu Yao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China
| | - Jintao Yuan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
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25
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Xin X, Chen H, Tian F, Li J, Yan H, Yu Y, Ma F, Li H, Wang Y, Li X, Zhu Y, Ge RS. Effects of perfluoroundecanoic acid on the function of Leydig cells in adult male rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 439:115903. [PMID: 35143807 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA), a perfluorinated compound, has environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. However, its effect on Leydig cell function remains unclear. Rats (age of 56 days) were gavaged with 0 (corn oil), 0.1, 0.5, 1, or 5 mg/kg/day PFUnA for 28 days. PFUnA significantly reduced serum testosterone levels as low as 0.5 mg/kg. PFUnA markedly decreased Leydig cell number as low as 0.1 mg/kg. PFUnA markedly reduced transcript levels of Star and Insl3 in the testes at 1 mg/kg after adjusting to Leydig cell number. It also reduced their protein levels. PFUnA significantly decreased the phosphorylation of AKT1 and mTOR as low as 0.1 mg/kg and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 at 1 mg/kg and the phosphorylation of AKT1, AKT2, ERK1/2, and mTOR in Leydig cells at various concentrations (0.01-10 μM) after 24 h of in vitro treatment. In conclusion, PFUnA inhibits Leydig cell function possibly via AKT/ERK1/2/mTOR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiqiong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fuhong Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoni Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yige Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feifei Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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26
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Wang C, Jin C, Tu W, Jin Y. Maternal exposure of mice to sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate causes endocrine disruption in both dams and offspring. Endocr J 2021; 68:1165-1177. [PMID: 33980773 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej20-0781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of certain novel perfluoroalkyl substances (PFCs) has attracted increasing attention. However, the toxic effects of sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS) on the endocrine system have not been elucidated. In this study, OBS was added to the drinking water during the pregnancy and lactation of the healthy female mice at dietary levels of 0.0 mg/L (CON), 0.5 mg/L (OBS-L), and 5.0 mg/L (OBS-H). OBS exposure during the pregnancy and lactation resulted in the presence of OBS residues in the placenta and fetus. We also analyzed physiological and biochemical parameters and gene expression levels in mice of the F0 and F1 generations after maternal OBS exposure. The total serum cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly increased in female mice of the F0 generation. The androgen levels in the serum and the ovarian mRNA levels of androgen receptor (AR) also tended to increase after maternal OBS exposure in the F0 generation mice. Moreover, maternal OBS exposure altered the mRNA expression of endocrine-related genes in male mice of F1 generation. Notably, the serum TC and LDL-C levels were significantly increased in 8-weeks-old male mice of the F1 generation, and the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were decreased in 24-week-old male mice of the F1 generation. These results indicated that maternal OBS exposure can interfere with endocrine homeostasis in the F0 and F1 generations. Therefore, exposure to OBS during pregnancy and lactation has the potential toxic effects on the dams and male offspring, which cannot be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Cuiyuan Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Wenqing Tu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330029, China
| | - Yuanxiang Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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27
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Huang J, Fang L, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Ou K, Wang C. Long-term exposure to environmental levels of phenanthrene disrupts spermatogenesis in male mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117488. [PMID: 34090074 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthrene (Phe) is a tricyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with high bioavailability under natural exposure. However, there are few studies on the reproductive toxicity of Phe in mammals. In this study, male Kunming mice were gavaged once every two days with Phe (5, 50, and 500 ng/kg) for 28 weeks. The accumulation levels of Phe in the testis were dose-dependently increased. Histopathological staining showed that Phe exposure reduced the number of spermatogonia, sperm and Sertoli cells. The percentage of testicular apoptotic cells was significantly increased, which was further verified by the upregulated BAX protein. The expression of the GDNF/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was downregulated, which might suppress the self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells. Meanwhile, Phe exposure inhibited the expression of Sertoli cell markers (Fshr, WT1, Sox9) and the Leydig cell marker Cyp11a1, indicating damage to the function of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells. Serum estrogen and testicular estrogen receptor alpha were significantly upregulated, while androgen receptor expression was downregulated. These alterations might be responsible for impaired spermatogenesis. This study provides new insights for evaluating the reproductive toxicity and potential mechanisms of Phe in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Lu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Shenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Kunlin Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China.
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28
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Gaspari L, Tessier B, Paris F, Bergougnoux A, Hamamah S, Sultan C, Kalfa N. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Disorders of Penile Development in Humans. Sex Dev 2021; 15:213-228. [PMID: 34438394 DOI: 10.1159/000517157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the current knowledge on the environmental effects on penile development in humans. The specific focus is on endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), a heterogeneous group of natural or manmade substances that interfere with endocrine function, and whether they can induce hypospadias and micropenis in male neonates. Epidemiological data and animal observations first raised suspicions about environmental effects, leading to the testis dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) hypothesis. More recent research has provided stronger indications that TDS may indeed be the result of the direct or indirect effects of EDCs. Drawing on epidemiological and toxicological studies, we also report on the effects of maternal diet and substances like pesticides, phthalates, bisphenol A, and polychlorinated biphenyls. Proximity to contamination hazards and occupational exposure are also suspected to contribute to the occurrence of hypospadias and micropenis. Lastly, the cumulative effects of EDCs and the possibility of transgenerational effects, with the penile development of subsequent generations being affected, raise concerns for long-term public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gaspari
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital DEVGEN, Constitutif Sud, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Unité d'Endocrinologie-Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Développement Embryonnaire Fertilité Environnement, INSERM 1203, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Tessier
- Département de Chirurgie Viscérale et Urologique Pédiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut Debrest de Santé Publique IDESP, UMR INSERM, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Paris
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital DEVGEN, Constitutif Sud, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Unité d'Endocrinologie-Gynécologie Pédiatrique, Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Développement Embryonnaire Fertilité Environnement, INSERM 1203, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Bergougnoux
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital DEVGEN, Constitutif Sud, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS UMR, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Samir Hamamah
- Développement Embryonnaire Fertilité Environnement, INSERM 1203, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Département de Biologie de la Reproduction, Biologie de la Reproduction/DPI et CECOS, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Sultan
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital DEVGEN, Constitutif Sud, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Kalfa
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares du Développement Génital DEVGEN, Constitutif Sud, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Département de Chirurgie Viscérale et Urologique Pédiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut Debrest de Santé Publique IDESP, UMR INSERM, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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29
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Li C, Zou C, Yan H, Li Z, Li Y, Pan P, Ma F, Yu Y, Wang Y, Wen Z, Ge RS. Perfluorotridecanoic acid inhibits fetal Leydig cell differentiation after in utero exposure in rats via increasing oxidative stress and autophagy. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1206-1216. [PMID: 33683001 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA) is a long-chain perfluoroalkyl substance, and its effect on the differentiation of fetal Leydig cells remains unclear. The objective of this study is to explore the effect of in utero PFTrDA exposure on the differentiation of fetal Leydig cells and investigate its underlying mechanisms. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley female rats were daily administered by gavage of PFTrDA at doses of 0, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg from gestational day 14 to 21. PFTrDA had no effect on the body weight of dams, but significantly reduced the body weight and anogenital distance of male pups at birth at a dose of 10 mg/kg. PFTrDA significantly decreased serum testosterone levels as low as 1 mg/kg. PFTrDA did not affect fetal Leydig cell number, but promoted abnormal aggregation of fetal Leydig cells at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg. PFTrDA down-regulated the expression of Insl3, Lhcgr, Scarb1, Star, Hsd3b1, Cyp17a1, Nr5a1, and Dhh as well as their proteins. PFTrDA lowered the levels of antioxidants (SOD1, CAT, and GPX1), induced autophagy as shown by increased levels of LC3II and beclin1, and reduced the phosphorylation of mTOR. In conclusion, PFTrDA inhibits the differentiation of fetal Leydig cells in male pups after in utero exposure mainly through increasing oxidative stress and inducing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haoni Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zengqiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peipei Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feifei Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yige Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zina Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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30
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Huang M, Yong L, Xu J, Zuo Y, Yi Z, Liu H. Determinants of Adenosine A
2A
Receptors‐Perfluoroalkyl Sulfonates Complex: Multi‐Spectroscopic and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manting Huang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Detection College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
| | - Li Yong
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Detection College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
| | - Jie Xu
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Detection College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
| | - Yanqiu Zuo
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Detection College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
| | - Zhongsheng Yi
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Detection College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Food Safety and Detection College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541004 China
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31
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Wen Z, Lei Z, Tian E, Wang Y, Zhong Y, Ge RS. Inhibition of human sperm motility and capacitation by ziram is mediated by decreasing tyrosine protein kinase. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 218:112281. [PMID: 33984659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many endocrine disruptors may interfere with sperm motility, hyperactivation, and capacitation, thereby leading to male infertility. In the current study, we screened 14 endocrine disruptors, including plant ingredients, cigarette ingredients, minerals, insecticides and fungicides, plastics, and plasticizers, to inhibit human sperm motility and forward motility. Only ziram, a dithiocarbamate fungicide, can effectively inhibit sperm motility, forward motility, hyperactivation, capacitation, and spontaneous acrosome reaction of normal human spermatozoa. Its half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were less than 4 μM. Ziram also inhibited sperm motility and forward motility of asthenozoospermia spermatozoa and IC50 values were about 6-8 μM. In addition, ziram inhibited normal sperm motility, calcium influx, reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial membrane potential at 2.5 and/or 5 μM, with IC50 values exceeding 100 μM, although it did not affect sperm DNA fragmentation up to 5 μM. Ziram-mediated inhibition of sperm motility and forward motility was irreversible. Forskolin, 8Br-cAMP, pentoxifylline, progesterone, vitamin E, and A23187 cannot prevent ziram-mediated inhibition of sperm motility and forward motility. Further studies have shown that ziram inhibited the level of tyrosine protein kinase with an IC50 value of about 10 μM, without affecting p21-activated kinase 4, and it caused damage to the mitochondrial structure of normal spermatozoa at 2.5 and 5 μM. In conclusion, ziram irreversibly inhibits human sperm motility, forward motility, and capacitation by reducing the level of tyrosine protein kinase and damaging the ultrastructure of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zina Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhen Lei
- Department of Andrology, Chengdu Xi'nan Gynecological Hospital and Chengdu Jinjiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Erpo Tian
- Department of Andrology, Chengdu Xi'nan Gynecological Hospital and Chengdu Jinjiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Department of Andrology, Chengdu Xi'nan Gynecological Hospital and Chengdu Jinjiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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32
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Walker C, Garza S, Papadopoulos V, Culty M. Impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on steroidogenesis and consequences on testicular function. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 527:111215. [PMID: 33657436 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Testicular steroidogenesis is a tightly regulated process that produces the androgens important for the development, maintenance and function of the male reproductive system. These androgens are also essential for overall health, and well-being. Disruptions in the ability of the testis to form steroids can result in developmental abnormalities, dysfunction, and infertility. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can interfere with the intricate signaling and metabolizing networks that produce androgens and promote their dysfunction. These chemicals are found ubiquitously in our environment, as they are integral components of products that are used every day. The effects of EDCs, such as bisphenols, phthalates, and alkyl chemicals, have been studied independently, revealing deleterious effects; but the combined influence of these structures on steroidogenesis has yet to be completely elucidated. This manuscript presents an updated review on EDC mixtures and their impact on testicular function and fertility, highlighting new findings that illustrate the anti-androgenic capabilities of EDC mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casandra Walker
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Garza
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martine Culty
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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33
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Mao B, Li C, Wen Z, Li H, Wang Y, Chen L, Lian Q, Ge RS. Short-term perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure impairs Leydig cell regeneration in the adult rat testis via targeting hedgehog signaling. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 214:112121. [PMID: 33721578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate is related to male reproductive dysfunction in rats and humans. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here, we reported the effects of short-term exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate on the regeneration of Leydig cells in vivo and investigated possible mechanisms in vitro. After adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged perfluorooctane sulfonate (0, 5 or 10 mg/kg/day) for 7 days and then injected intraperitoneally ethane dimethane sulfonate next day to eliminate Leydig cells, the Leydig cell regeneration process was monitored. Perfluorooctane sulfonate significantly lowered serum testosterone levels, reduced the number of regenerated Leydig cells, down-regulated the expression of Lhcgr, Scarb1, Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, Cyp17a1, and Dhh) and their proteins at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg 35 and 56 days after ethane dimethane sulfonate. Using a 3D seminiferous tubule culture system to study the development of stem Leydig cells, we found that perfluorooctane sulfonate inhibited stem Leydig cell proliferation and differentiation and hedgehog signaling pathway. In conclusion, a short-term exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate can inhibit the development of stem Leydig cells into the Leydig cell lineage via direct suppression of hedgehog signaling pathway and indirect inhibition of desert hedgehog section by Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiping Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Chao Li
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zina Wen
- Xi'nan Gynecological Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Lanlan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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34
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Yan H, Li C, Zou C, Xin X, Li X, Li H, Li Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Chen H, Ge RS. Perfluoroundecanoic acid inhibits Leydig cell development in pubertal male rats via inducing oxidative stress and autophagy. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 415:115440. [PMID: 33549592 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA) is one of long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids. However, the effect of PFUnA on pubertal development of Leydig cells remains unclear. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of PFUnA on Leydig cell development in pubertal male rats. We orally dosed male Sprague-Dawley rats (age 35 days) with PFUnA at doses of 0, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day from postnatal day (PND) 35 to PND 56. Serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels were remarkably reduced by PFUnA at ≥1 mg/kg while serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels were lowered at 5 and 10 mg/kg. PFUnA down-regulated the expression of Lhcgr, Scarb1, Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, Cyp17a1, Hsd17b3, Hsd11b1, Insl3, Nr5a1, Fshr, Dhh, Sod1, and Sod2 and their proteins in the testis and the expression of Lhb and Fshb in the pituitary. PFUnA reduced Leydig cell number at 5 and 10 mg/kg. PFUnA induced oxidative stress and increased autophagy. These may result from the inhibition of phosphorylation of mTOR, AKT1, AKT2, and ERK1/2 in the testis. In conclusion, PFUnA exhibits inhibitory effects on pubertal Leydig cell development possibly via inducing oxidative stress and increasing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoni Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changchang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiu Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zengqiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haolin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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35
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Li Z, Li C, Wen Z, Yan H, Zou C, Li Y, Tian L, Lei Z, Li H, Wang Y, Zhong Y, Ge RS. Perfluoroheptanoic acid induces Leydig cell hyperplasia but inhibits spermatogenesis in rats after pubertal exposure. Toxicology 2020; 448:152633. [PMID: 33220336 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) is a short-chain alternative to long-chain perfluoroalkyl substances, which have been reported to possess reproductive toxicity. However, it is unclear whether PFHpA affects Leydig cell development during puberty. The 35-day-old Sprague Dawley male rats were exposed to PFHpA by gavage with 0 (corn oil), 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day for 21 days. PFHpA did not affect the body weight of rats, but it reduced testis weight, relative testis weight, and epididymis weight at 100 mg/kg. It significantly increased serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels at a dose of 100 mg/kg without affecting serum estradiol levels. PFHpA suppressed sperm production at a dose of 100 mg/kg. PFHpA induced Leydig cell hyperplasia (increased number of CYP11A1-positive Leydig cells) at a dose of 100 mg/kg, but down-regulated the expression of Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, and Cyp17a1 in individual Leydig cell pe se and up-regulated the expression of Fshr in the Sertoli cell pe se. PFHpA did not affect the number of HSD11B1 (a biomarker for more mature Leydig cells) positive Leydig cells and SOX9 positive Sertoli cells. PFHpA increased BCL2, and the phosphorylation of AKT1, AKT2, ERK1/2, and JNK, but decreased BAX levels. However, it had no effect on SIRT1 and PGC-1α levels. In conclusion, PFHpA induces Leydig cell hyperplasia due to the increase in the secretion of luteinizing hormone through negative feedback after down-regulating the expression of steroidogenic enzymes and inhibiting testosterone production in individual Leydig cells. This proliferation may be mediated by increasing BCL2 and phosphorylation of AKT, ERK1/2, and JNK, and decreasing BAX level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengqiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Changchang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zina Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Chengdu Xi'nan Gynecological Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haoni Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Cheng Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Lili Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Zhen Lei
- Chengdu Xi'nan Gynecological Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- Chengdu Xi'nan Gynecological Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
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