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Zhou T, Tang S, Cui J, Zhang Y, Li X, Qiao Q, Long XE. Biochar amendment reassembles microbial community in a long-term phosphorus fertilization paddy soil. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6013-6028. [PMID: 37535122 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of biochar amendment on microbial community structure and soil nutrient status in paddy soil that has been fertilized for an extended period of time, shedding light on sustainable agricultural practices. A 90-day incubation period revealed that biochar amendment, as opposed to long-term fertilization, significantly influenced the physicochemical properties and microbial composition of the soil. The microcosm experiment conducted using six treatments analyzed soil samples from a long-term rice ecosystem. We employed microbial biomarkers (phospholipid fatty acids, PLFAs; isoprenoid and branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers, iGDGTs and brGDGTs; DNA) to assess microbial biomass and community structure. Biochar addition led to a decrease in PLFA biomass (15-32%) and archaeal iGDGT abundance (14-43%), while enhancing bacterial brGDGT abundance by 15-77%. Intact biochar increased archaeal and bacterial diversity, though fungal diversity remained unchanged. However, acid-washed biochar did not result in a uniform microbial diversity response. The abundance of various microbial taxa was changed by biochar amendment, including Crenarchaeota, Proteobacteria, Nitrospira, Basidiomycota, Halobacterota, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetota, and Ascomycota. Soil NH4+-N was found as the primary environmental factor impacting the composition of archaea, bacteria, and fungus in this study. These findings imply that the addition of biochar has a quick influence on the structure and activity of microbial communities, with fungi possibly having a critical role in acid paddy soil. This study contributes valuable knowledge for developing sustainable agricultural practices that promote healthy soil ecosystems. KEY POINTS: • Biochar type and phosphorus fertilization demonstrated an interactive effect on the diversity of archaea, but no such effect was observed for bacteria and fungi. • Soil fungi contribute to approximately 20% of the total phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) content. • Biochar, especially acid-washed rice straw biochar, increases glucose metabolism in bacteria and archaea and decreases saprophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhou
- School of Geographic Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sijia Tang
- Suzhou Industrial Park Xingyang School, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Cui
- School of Geographic Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yukai Zhang
- School of Geographic Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Geographic Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qicheng Qiao
- School of Environment and Biological Engineering, Nantong College of Science and Technology, Nantong City, Jiangsu, 226007, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Prevention Technology and Equipment, Nantong City, Jiangsu, 226007, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-En Long
- School of Geographic Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Prevention Technology and Equipment, Nantong City, Jiangsu, 226007, People's Republic of China.
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Jin J, Fang Y, He S, Liu Y, Liu C, Li F, Khan S, Eltohamy KM, Liu B, Liang X. Improved phosphorus availability and reduced degree of phosphorus saturation by biochar-blended organic fertilizer addition to agricultural field soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 317:137809. [PMID: 36638925 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) availability and loss risk are linked to P species; however, their alternations in the soil amended with biochar-blended organic fertilizer is not well known, particularly under contrasting soil properties and land management. In this study, the variance of soil P species extracted by sequential chemical extraction (SCE) and 31P NMR techniques, as well as the degree of P saturation (DPS), were investigated throughout three paddy and three vegetable fields. These fields were amended with three different fertilizers at the same P application rate: chemical fertilizer (CF), organic fertilizer substitution (sheep manure/biogas slurry, SM/BS), and biochar-blended organic fertilizer substitution (BSM/BBS). Results showed that the BSM/BBS and SM increased the total P contents by 7.5% and 5.9% (TP) and available P contents by 30.1% and 19.2% (AP), but decreased the DPS values by 19.4% and 11.7%, compared to the CF treatment. Yet, the BS decreased the TP and AP contents but increased the DPS values across the experimental sites. In the BSM/BBS amended soils, high AP contents were due to the increased inorganic P (NaHCO3-Pi), while the increased organic P (monoester and DNA) induced low DPS values and reduced soil P loss risk. Our study highlights that biochar-blended organic fertilizer is an effective agronomic way for improving P availability and decreasing P loss risk via the alteration of soil P species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Water Eco-security of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yunying Fang
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle 2568, Australia
| | - Shuang He
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Water Eco-security of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Chunlong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 130102, PR China
| | - Fayong Li
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Tarim University, Xinjiang 843300, PR China
| | - Sangar Khan
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Water Eco-security of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Kamel Mohamed Eltohamy
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Water Eco-security of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Department of Water Relations & Field Irrigation, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Boyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Water Eco-security of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xinqiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Non-Point Source Pollution Control and Water Eco-security of Ministry of Water Resources, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 130102, PR China.
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Mitigated Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Cropping Systems by Organic Fertilizer and Tillage Management. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cultivating ecological benefits in agricultural systems through greenhouse gas emission reduction will offer extra economic benefits for farmers. The reported studies confirmed that organic fertilizer application could promote soil carbon sequestration and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions under suitable tillage practices in a short period of time. Here, a field experiment was conducted using a two-factor randomized block design (organic fertilizers and tillage practices) with five treatments. The results showed that the application of microbial fertilizers conserved soil heat and moisture, thereby significantly reducing CO2 emissions (6.9–18.9%) and those of N2O and CH4 fluxes during corn seasons, compared with chemical fertilizer application. Although deep tillage increased total CO2 emissions by 4.9–37.7%, it had no significant effect on N2O and CH4 emissions. Application of microbial organic fertilizer increased corn yield by 21.5%, but it had little effect on the yield of wheat. Overall, application of microbial fertilizers significantly reduced soil GHG emission and concurrently increased yield under various tillage practices in a short space of time. With this, it was critical that microbial fertilizer be carefully studied for application in wheat–corn cropping systems.
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Samoraj M, Mironiuk M, Witek-Krowiak A, Izydorczyk G, Skrzypczak D, Mikula K, Baśladyńska S, Moustakas K, Chojnacka K. Biochar in environmental friendly fertilizers - Prospects of development products and technologies. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133975. [PMID: 35182533 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
According to the circular economy concept, the production of fertilizers should be closed in a loop, which prevents excessive emissions and harmful effects to the environment. Biological wastes are problematic to collect and transport. They undergo a biological transformation that causes greenhouse gases emission and sanitary hazards. Biomass sources used for organic or organo-mineral fertilizers must be free of pathogens and rich in macro and microelements. Solid residues can be processed thermally. Biochar is a carbon produced by biomass pyrolysis without oxygen presence and has been used for many years to improve soil quality and enhance the efficiency of fertilization. There are many research works on the use of biochar in fertilization. This study is also extended by the latest developments and technologies from the patent database (recent year) and biochar-based fertilizers market. To the best of our knowledge, there is no such review currently available in scientific databases. Based on the collected data, the best method of biochar management was proposed - soil application. Biochar applied to soil has several advantages: it improves soil structure and its sorption capacity, enhances soil-nutrient retention and water-holding capacity, immobilizes contaminants from soil (sorption), reduces greenhouse gas emissions and soil nutrient leaching losses while stimulating the growth of a plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Samoraj
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-373, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Mironiuk
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-373, Poland
| | - Anna Witek-Krowiak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-373, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Izydorczyk
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-373, Poland
| | - Dawid Skrzypczak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-373, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mikula
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-373, Poland
| | - Sylwia Baśladyńska
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-373, Poland
| | - Konstantinos Moustakas
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zographou Campus, GR-15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, 50-373, Poland
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Toan NS, Hanh DH, Dong Phuong NT, Thuy PT, Dong PD, Gia NT, Tam LD, Thu TTN, Thanh DTV, Khoo KS, Show PL. Effects of burning rice straw residue on-field on soil organic carbon pools: Environment-friendly approach from a conventional rice paddy in central Viet Nam. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133596. [PMID: 35031251 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rice straw residue management is still facing many problems worldwide. This study used two environmentally friendly methods to investigate the effects of rice straw burning activity on water-extracted carbohydrate content in long-term paddy soil. Soil samples were collected at a depth within 0-15 cm at the paddy field before and after burning rice straw (pre-burning and post-burning), then extracted by distilled water at the ratio of 1:10 (soil: water) for measuring hot water (at 80 °C) and water extracted carbohydrate (at 25 °C) (HECH and WECH). The results showed that burning rice straw did not alter soil organic carbon (SOC); however, soil pH increased approximately 8.3%. Meanwhile, WECH and HECH ranged from 233 to 630 mg kg-1, with the highest HECH in Pre-burning treatment, while the lowest amount addressed WECH of Post-burning treatment. Extracted carbohydrate decreased after burning rice straw compared to Pre-burning soil. On the other hand, hot water increased 39-58% of carbohydrates compared to water extraction. We conclude that burning rice straw did not affect SOC but tends to reduce their labile carbon pools, and the heating process likely degrade part of SOC when extracted at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen-Sy Toan
- University of Technology and Education, The University of Danang, 48 Cao Thang, Danang, Viet Nam.
| | - Do Hong Hanh
- University of Technology and Education, The University of Danang, 48 Cao Thang, Danang, Viet Nam.
| | - Nguyen Thi Dong Phuong
- University of Technology and Education, The University of Danang, 48 Cao Thang, Danang, Viet Nam.
| | - Phan Thi Thuy
- Faculty of Agronomy, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trau Quy, Gia Lam, Ha Noi, Viet Nam.
| | - Pham Duy Dong
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, National University of Civil Engineering, 55 Giai Phong Street, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 100803, Viet Nam.
| | - Nguyen Thanh Gia
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, 530000, Viet Nam.
| | - Le Duc Tam
- Planning & Coordination Division, Vietnam-Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, Viet Nam.
| | - Tran Thi Ngoc Thu
- University of Technology and Education, The University of Danang, 48 Cao Thang, Danang, Viet Nam.
| | - Do Thi Van Thanh
- University of Technology and Education, The University of Danang, 48 Cao Thang, Danang, Viet Nam.
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Difference of Soil Aggregates Composition, Stability, and Organic Carbon Content between Eroded and Depositional Areas after Adding Exogenous Organic Materials. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Black soil in northeastern China has suffered widespread soil degradation due to long-term cultivation while causing eroded–depositional landscapes, leading to soil-associated carbon redistribution. In agricultural systems, adding exogenous organic material to degraded soil is a common measure to improve soil aggregate stability and soil quality. However, differences in soil properties may alter the decomposition and turnover of organic material in aggregates. Using a uniform method to restore the eroded (E) and depositional (D) soils is inefficient. Therefore, an indoor constant temperature and humidity incubation experiment with the addition of three organic materials, namely, straw (S), biochar (B), and swine manure (M), was designed with an equal amount of carbon. Soil aggregate composition, stability, and organic carbon from eroded and depositional soils were analyzed for evaluating the amendment efficiency of soil quality by exogenous organic material addition. The main results were as follows: adding straw and swine manure could effectively promote >2-mm aggregates formation (E: 7.1%, 8.8%; D: 17.3%, 8.6%) and significantly improved the mean weight diameter (MWD) (E: 0.45 mm, 0.52 mm; D: 0.96 mm, 0.54 mm), while the addition of biochar significantly increased the proportion of 0.25–2-mm aggregates (E: 7.9%; D: 10.9%), but the effect of improving MWD was less than straw and swine manure. All the three organic materials could significantly increase soil total organic carbon (TOC) (S, B and M: 1.95, 3.12 and 2.46 g·kg−1) in the eroded area, and the effect of biochar was the best, whereas it was not significant for the soil in the depositional area. Specially, adding swine manure and adding straw is more beneficial to the restoration of eroded areas and depositional areas, respectively.
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Das S, Chatterjee S, Rajbanshi J. Responses of soil organic carbon to conservation practices including climate-smart agriculture in tropical and subtropical regions: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150428. [PMID: 34818818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Considering the current threatening conditions of climate change, Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) aims to improve the soil health and its organic carbon stocks by encouraging soil carbon sequestration through conservation practices in agricultural lands. However, the effects of these practices differ due to diverse climatic scenario, soil characteristics and management system. To identify the suitable practices that can be effective under tropical and subtropical conditions, a systematic evaluation in the form of a meta-analysis of these practices and their outcomes was performed over those regions. In this work we have included 516 observations from 84 articles published from 2000 to 2021 to analyse the influence of three CSA practices (conservation tillage, cover crop and biochar application) on the SOC (soil organic carbon) stocks over varying periods of experimentation. In addition to this, the combined effect of CSA and other conservation agronomic practices such as agroforestry has also been considered in the analysis. The results showed that biochar application had the most influence upon SOC stocks in the agricultural lands (25.38%) followed by conservation tillage (18.81%) and cover crop (15.8%). Medium term experiments (6-20 years) of these conservation practices showed about 31.00-96.15%improvement in SOC while the effects gradually diminished in long term experiments (>20 years). The combinations of these practices have been observed to have an evidently positive impact upon the SOC stocks in general. This work provides a systematic evaluation of all the widely performed CSA and other conservation practices and their effects on SOC dynamics under differing management settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Das
- Department of Geography, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Joy Rajbanshi
- Department of Geography, Vivekananda College for Women, University of Calcutta, India.
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Wu L, Zheng H, Wang X. Effects of soil amendments on fractions and stability of soil organic matter in saline-alkaline paddy. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 294:112993. [PMID: 34119991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Soil amelioration is an effective practice to alleviate the adverse effects of soil salinization. However, increasing the fertility of salt-affected soils has been challenging, particularly in coastal saline-alkaline paddy soils. Here, we carried out a 45-day incubation experiment to evaluate the impacts of soil amendments on fractions and stability of soil organic matter (SOM) in a saline-alkaline paddy. The experiment simulates the flooding-draining practice and consists of CaCO3, gypsum and biochar amendments using different fertility soils. We measured dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) in supernatant liquids, water-soluble cations, water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) and nitrogen (WEON), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) in soils after the incubation. Results showed that water soluble sodium (Na+) was significantly decreased under all amendments (by 17%-32%), except in high fertility soil. We found a significant decrease in DOC (by 36%-47%) under gypsum treatment, but in DON (by 18%-59%) under biochar treatment. However, there was no significant effect on DOC or DON under CaCO3 treatment. Gypsum treatment led to decreased WEOC content (by 0.067%-5.4%), but increased MBC (by 0.16%-44%) and MBN (by 8.3%-37%) in all soils. Biochar treatment caused a decrease in the ratios of WEOC to soil organic carbon (SOC) and WEON to total nitrogen (TN), and an increase in MBC:SOC and MBN:TN ratios. These results suggest that gypsum and biochar amendments can enhance SOM stability in the saline-alkaline paddy. However, SOM stability was not enhanced under CaCO3 treatment, probably due to the presence of a large amount of Na+ in these soils. Our study highlights that soil amelioration has different effects on soil carbon and nitrogen cycles in the saline-alkaline paddy soils, which is associated with water-logged condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Wu
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Haonan Zheng
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone Lin-gang Special Area Administration, Shang Hai, 201306, China
| | - Xiujun Wang
- College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Bi Y, Kuzyakov Y, Cai S, Zhao X. Accumulation of organic compounds in paddy soils after biochar application is controlled by iron hydroxides. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:144300. [PMID: 33401047 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil acidity is one of the vital factors that influence organic matter transformation and accumulation. Long-term studies on the mechanisms of biochar's effects on soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation dependent on pH values are lacking. A four-year column experiment was conducted without and with biochar application (11.3 Mg ha-1 crop-1) in acid (pH = 5.24) and alkaline (pH = 8.22) soils under paddy rice/wheat annual rotation. To explore organic matter accumulation mechanisms, SOM pools were extracted (physical-chemical fractionation) and their chemical structures were analyzed using advanced solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) techniques. Biochar increased the proportion of aromatic carbon (C) in all SOM pools, which led to an increased C content in two soils. The elevated pH after biochar application (∆pH = 1.03) increased Fe (III) oxidation and precipitation, and therefore, stimulated amorphous Fe content in 53-μm pool in the acid soil. This change increased the interaction between organic compounds and Fe (hydr)oxide, which impeded bacteria access to substrates, and in turn, promoted SOM accumulation in the acid soil. Conversely, low Fe (hydr)oxide availability resulted in the decomposition of the labile substrates (di-O-alkyl C, NCH, and OCH) in mobile humic acids via microbial respiration, thereby lowering the effect of SOM sequestration in the alkaline soil. Our study revealed that organic matter accumulation after biochar amendment is not solely dependent on the chemical recalcitrance of biochar, but also is controlled by the transformation of Fe (hydr)oxide in SOM pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Germany; Agro-Technological Institute, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Siyuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Xing J, Xu G, Li G. Comparison of pyrolysis process, various fractions and potential soil applications between sewage sludge-based biochars and lignocellulose-based biochars. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111756. [PMID: 33396079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To deeply assess the feasibility of sewage sludge-based biochars for use in soil applications, this review compared sewage sludge-based biochars (SSBBs) with lignocellulose-based biochars (LCBBs) in terms of their pyrolysis processes, various fractions and potential soil applications. Based on the reviewed literature, significant differences between the components of SSBB and LCBB result in different pyrolysis behavior. In terms of the fractions of biochars, obvious differences were confirmed to exist in the carbon content, surface functional groups, types of ash fractions and contents of potential toxic elements (PTEs). However, a clear influence of the feedstock on labile carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was not observed in the current research. These differences determined subsequent discrepancies in the soil application potential and corresponding mechanisms. The major challenges facing biochar application in soils and corresponding recommendations for future research were also addressed. LCBBs promote carbon sequestration, heavy metal retention and organic matter immobilization. The application of SSBBs is a promising approach to improve soil phosphorus fertility, immobilize heavy metals and provide available carbon sources for soil microbes to stimulate microbial biomass. The present review provides guidance information for selecting appropriate types of biochars to address targeted soil issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Xing
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Guoren Xu
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guibai Li
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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