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Shen K, Kang D, Choi Y, Jeon J. Target and Suspect Screening for Organic Additives in Six Classifications of Personal Care Products Using Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 35:839-854. [PMID: 38587268 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Personal care products (PCPs) are integral components of daily human existence, including a large number of chemicals intentionally added for functional attributes (e.g., preservatives and fragrances) or unintentionally present, such as plasticizers. This investigation aimed to optimize the methodology for target and suspect screening via liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry, focusing on nine prevalent organic additives (comprising bisphenols A, F, and S, methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butylparaben, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid). A total of 50 high-selling PCPs were purchased from the local online market as samples. In detail, PCP samples were classified into body washes, shampoos, hair conditioners, facial cleansers, body lotions, and moisture creams. For calibration, the quality assurance and quality control results demonstrated a coefficient of determination (R2) surpassing 0.999, with detection and quantification limits ranging from 2.5 to 100.0 ng/g. For recovery experiments, replicate recoveries (n = 5) ranged from 61 to 134%. In purchased PCP samples, five of the nine target compounds were detected via a target screening. Methylparaben exhibited the highest concentration (7860 mg/kg) in a facial cleanser, which is known as an endocrine-disrupting chemical. A total of 248 suspects of organic additives were screened in PCPs, leading to a tentative identification of 9. Confirmation (confidence level 1) via reference standards was achieved for three suspects, while six were tentatively identified with a confidence level of 2. This two-step extraction methodology utilizing methyl tert-butyl ether and isopropyl alcohol enabled simultaneous analysis of diverse chemical groups with distinct properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo 51140, Korea
| | - Daeho Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo 51140, Korea
| | - Younghun Choi
- Graduate School of FEED of Eco-Friendly Offshore Structure, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo 51140, Korea
| | - Junho Jeon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo 51140, Korea
- School of Smart and Green Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnamdo 51140, Korea
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2
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Du XN, He Y, Chen YW, Liu Q, Sun L, Sun HM, Wu XF, Lu Y. Decoding Cosmetic Complexities: A Comprehensive Guide to Matrix Composition and Pretreatment Technology. Molecules 2024; 29:411. [PMID: 38257324 PMCID: PMC10818968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in analytical technologies, the complex nature of cosmetic matrices, coupled with the presence of diverse and trace unauthorized additives, hinders the application of these technologies in cosmetics analysis. This not only impedes effective regulation of cosmetics but also leads to the continual infiltration of illegal products into the market, posing serious health risks to consumers. The establishment of cosmetic regulations is often based on extensive scientific experiments, resulting in a certain degree of latency. Therefore, timely advancement in laboratory research is crucial to ensure the timely update and adaptability of regulations. A comprehensive understanding of the composition of cosmetic matrices and their pretreatment technologies is vital for enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of cosmetic detection. Drawing upon the China National Medical Products Administration's 2021 Cosmetic Classification Rules and Classification Catalogue, we streamline the wide array of cosmetics into four principal categories based on the following compositions: emulsified, liquid, powdered, and wax-based cosmetics. In this review, the characteristics, compositional elements, and physicochemical properties inherent to each category, as well as an extensive overview of the evolution of pretreatment methods for different categories, will be explored. Our objective is to provide a clear and comprehensive guide, equipping researchers with profound insights into the core compositions and pretreatment methods of cosmetics, which will in turn advance cosmetic analysis and improve detection and regulatory approaches in the industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xian-Fu Wu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (X.-N.D.); (Y.H.); (Y.-W.C.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (H.-M.S.)
| | - Yong Lu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; (X.-N.D.); (Y.H.); (Y.-W.C.); (Q.L.); (L.S.); (H.-M.S.)
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3
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Chen D, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Du J, Xiao H, Yang Z, Xu J. Multi-class analysis of 100 drug residues in cosmetics using high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry. Talanta 2024; 266:124954. [PMID: 37478768 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Cosmetics are an important aspect of the lives of many people. With an increasing demand for cosmetics, consumers pay more attention to their efficacy and composition. To improve their efficacy, prohibited substances, such as hormones, glucocorticoids, antibiotics, antifungals and antihistamines, may be added to cosmetics. We developed a rapid method for the multi-class analysis of drug residues in toner and lotion cosmetic samples using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-HRMS). The primary variables in the extraction and purification steps were studied to minimize the interference of the sample matrix. The non-information-dependent sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra (SWATH®) mode was used to improve the data acquisition efficiency. The secondary product ion peak areas were used for quantification to obtain a satisfactory matrix effects. The validation experiments confirmed that the developed method exhibited good linearity (5-200 ng/L) with correlation coefficients (R) ≥ 0.9902. Our developed method was then successfully applied to 92 real cosmetic samples. The calibration curve established by this method can be used for retrospective quantitative analysis over long durations without re-calibration. This method is efficient and suitable for screening and controlling multi-class prohibited substances in the cosmetics industry to reduce potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Sport Science, Guangzhou, 510663, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- Guangdong Institute of Sport Science, Guangzhou, 510663, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Guangdong Institute of Sport Science, Guangzhou, 510663, PR China
| | - Juan Du
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, PR China
| | - Han Xiao
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, PR China
| | - Zong Yang
- Asia Pacific Technical Support Center of SCIEX, Shanghai, 200050, PR China
| | - Jia Xu
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430016, PR China.
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Li J, Xu A, Xue J, Qian W, Xu P, Hu Z, Chen C, Wu C. Development and validation of a deep eutectic solvent-assisted liquid-liquid extraction method for simultaneous quantification of six steroid hormones in serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1710:464413. [PMID: 37806044 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones have been reported to be associated with endocrine system diseases. This paper proposes a novel procedure of deep eutectic solvent (DES)-assisted liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) to extract six steroid hormones (including cortisone, cortisol, androstenedione, testosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and progesterone) from serum coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total of five types of L-proline, choline chloride, and citric acid-based DESs were tailored; the DES from L-proline and ethylene glycol at a molar ratio of 1:4 with 20 % acetonitrile was selected as the best-fit assisted solvent for the six steroid hormones compared with other DESs. The parameters for extraction by selected DES were optimized using Box-Behnken design (BBD), and the optimal extraction conditions are 200 µL of acetonitrile, 100 µL of the sample, and 80 µL of DES. Under optimum conditions, the method has good linear calibration ranges (between 0.07 ng mL-1 and 600 ng mL-1), correlation coefficients of determination (r2>0.99), and low limits of quantification (between 0.02 and 0.60 ng mL-1). The extraction recoveries were in the range of 81.84-114.43 %, and the intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 10 %.In general, the DES-LC-MS/MS method is a simple and environmentally-friendly method, which can be complementary to the presently available methods for determining steroid hormones in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jufang Li
- Zhejiang Biozon Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Aiping Xu
- Laprode (Zhejiang) Analysis Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Jianyou Xue
- Zhejiang Biozon Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Zhejiang Biozon Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Zhejiang Biozon Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Zhineng Hu
- Zhejiang Biozon Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China.
| | - Chaochao Wu
- Zhejiang Biozon Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China.
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He B, Feng J, Liu J, Zhong Q, Zhou T. Inline phase transition trapping-selective supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography: A green and efficient integrated method for determining prohibited substances in cosmetics. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1279:341831. [PMID: 37827647 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing an environmentally friendly and efficient integrated analytical approach is a cutting-edge topic in current analytical science. Due to the unique properties of supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2), online supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography (SFE-SFC) is developing rapidly and has been widely applied in many fields. However, it still faces several challenges such as peak broadening and matrix interference. In order to solve the problems, we developed an inline phase transition trapping-selective supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography (PTT-SSFE-SFC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method in this study. RESULTS This method integrated extraction, purification, separation, and detection, which was applied to determine 114 prohibited substances in cosmetics within 33 min, covering ten categories. The PTT strategy trapped the extracts on the head of the column by transforming CO2 from a supercritical state to a gaseous state, preventing peak spreading and improving sensitivity. Several adsorbents were tested when analyzing aqueous samples to reduce matrix interference and absorb water. Compared with conventional online SFE-SFC, this method improved the matrix effects of 93 and 87 target substances in the toner and mask matrix, respectively. Because the integrated method reduced sample loss, it achieved high sensitivity with LODs ranging from 0.00104 μg L-1 to 3.09 μg L-1. Furthermore, compared with other reported green methods, the inline method showed advantages in automation, efficiency, sample amount, and waste volume. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY With the introduction of the PTT strategy and the adsorbent, the system obtained good peak shapes, high sensitivity, low matrix effect, and good recovery. Based on the results, inline PTT-SSFE-SFC-MS/MS as a green and efficient integrated method has great potential for analyzing low abundance and multiple categories of targets in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhong He
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jieqing Feng
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Guangzhou Analytical Center, Analytical & Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Qisheng Zhong
- Guangzhou Analytical Center, Analytical & Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Chen J, Xu F, Wang Y. Biomass-derived magnetic nanocomposites modified by choline chloride/citric acid based natural deep eutectic solvents for the magnetic solid phase extraction of trypsin. Analyst 2023; 148:2316-2326. [PMID: 37096998 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00273j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel biomass-derived magnetic nanocomposite of Fe3O4-Chitin@NADES-CC composed of a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES), biological polysaccharide (Chitin) and magnetic Fe3O4 was synthesized. After being systematically characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, thermogravimetry, vibrating sample magnetometry, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering, Fe3O4-Chitin@NADES-CC was used as an extractant to separate trypsin (Tryp) on the basis of magnetic solid phase extraction. Simultaneously, the extraction conditions of Fe3O4-Chitin@NADES-CC for Tryp were investigated in turn by single-factor experiments, including screening the types of extractants, the initial concentration of Tryp, the pH value of the solution, the influence of ionic strength, extraction time and temperature, etc. Under the optimal conditions, the extraction capacity of Fe3O4-Chitin@NADES-CC for Tryp could reach up to 1082.67 mg g-1. Adsorption isotherm tests certified that the Langmuir adsorption equilibrium fitted well with the extraction model in this study, which showed that the extraction of Fe3O4-Chitin@NADES-CC for Tryp was monolayer adsorption. In addition, in the sections on the regeneration-reuse, selectivity and methodological studies, all the results exhibited the superiority of the Fe3O4-Chitin@NADES-CC and Tryp separation strategy which has been established in this work. Finally, Fe3O4-Chitin@NADES-CC was ultimately applied to the separation of Tryp from a real bovine pancreas crude extract by the analysis of SDS-PAGE. All the above results highlight that the proposed Fe3O4-Chitin@NADES-CC biomass-derived magnetic nanocomposite can be applied in the field of protein purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- College of Material and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren, 554300, P.R. China.
| | - Fangting Xu
- Hengyang Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Affairs Center, Hengyang, 421001, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China.
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7
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Guo P, Liu C, Zhong F, Xu M, Zhao Y, Xu X, Zhao Y, Xue W, Xu Y, Fan D. Dummy-template Pickering emulsion imprinted microspheres online pretreatment and analysis for the estrogens in cosmetics. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1691:463815. [PMID: 36709550 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Estrogens are a class of steroid hormone with strong physiological activity. Due to the pronounced beauty effect, such drugs are highly susceptible to illegal addition and cause other adverse effects. To avoid template leakage and the negative impacts on the environment caused by the estrogens, diosgenin was selected as the dummy template due to its similar skeleton structure. The Pickering emulsion polymerization was used to obtain the dummy-template molecularly imprinted polymers (dt-MIPs). Scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, specific surface area testing, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and adsorption experiments were used to characterize the apparent morphology and the recognition performance of the microspheres. Then, the prepared microspheres and commercial fillers were used to construct an on-line solid phase extraction (on-line SPE) analytical system coupled with HPLC via a two-position switching valve. On-line solid phase extraction-HPLC analytical methods were established and verified, for the simultaneous determination of four estrogens in cosmetic samples. The accuracy and precision RSDs for the established methods using the imprinted sorbents were 92.00-104.02% and less than 9.12%, respectively. All four estrogens exhibited good linearity in the range of 0.05 to 5 µg/mL with a coefficient of determination R2 greater than 0.9810. The method comparison results suggest that the established analytical method is simple in pre-treatment, easy to automate, and has excellent sensitivity to meet the analytical requirements of complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqi Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China; "Four Subjects One United" Biopesticide University-Enterprise Joint Engineering Technology Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Intelligent Manufacturing, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, PR China.
| | - Chenming Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China; "Four Subjects One United" Biopesticide University-Enterprise Joint Engineering Technology Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Intelligent Manufacturing, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, PR China
| | - Fanru Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China; "Four Subjects One United" Biopesticide University-Enterprise Joint Engineering Technology Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Intelligent Manufacturing, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, PR China
| | - Mingyang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China; "Four Subjects One United" Biopesticide University-Enterprise Joint Engineering Technology Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Intelligent Manufacturing, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, PR China
| | - Yongze Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xinya Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Weiming Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China; "Four Subjects One United" Biopesticide University-Enterprise Joint Engineering Technology Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Intelligent Manufacturing, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China; "Four Subjects One United" Biopesticide University-Enterprise Joint Engineering Technology Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Intelligent Manufacturing, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, PR China
| | - Daidi Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Intelligent Manufacturing, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, PR China.
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Advances on Hormones in Cosmetics: Illegal Addition Status, Sample Preparation, and Detection Technology. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041980. [PMID: 36838967 PMCID: PMC9959700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the rapid development of the cosmetic industry, cosmetic safety has become the focus of consumers' attention. However, in order to achieve the desired effects in the short term, the illegal addition of hormones in cosmetics has emerged frequently, which could induce skin problems and even skin cancer after long-term use. Therefore, it is of great significance to master the illegal addition in cosmetics and effectively detect the hormones that may exist in cosmetics. In this review, we analyze the illegally added hormone types, detection values, and cosmetic types, as well as discuss the hormone risks in cosmetics for human beings, according to the data in unqualified cosmetics in China from 2017 to 2022. Results showed that although the frequency of adding hormones in cosmetics has declined, hormones are still the main prohibited substances in illegal cosmetics, especially facial masks. Because of the complex composition and the low concentration of hormones in cosmetics, it is necessary to combine efficient sample preparation technology with instrumental analysis. In order to give the readers a comprehensive overview of hormone analytical technologies in cosmetics, we summarize the advanced sample preparation techniques and commonly used detection techniques of hormones in cosmetics in the last decade (2012-2022). We found that ultrasound-assisted extraction, solid phase extraction, and microextraction coupled with chromatographic analysis are still the most widely used analytical technologies for hormones in cosmetics. Through the investigation of market status, the summary of sample pretreatment and detection technologies, as well as the discussion of their development trends in the future, our purpose is to provide a reference for the supervision of illegal hormone residues in cosmetics.
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Mohammad REA, Elbashir AA, Karim J, Yahaya N, Rahim NY, Miskam M. Development of deep eutectic solvents based ferrofluid for liquid phase microextraction of ofloxacin and sparfloxacin in water samples. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Wang S, Zhang L, Guo R, Ling G, Zhang P. Application of Fe 3O 4@CNFs combined with deep eutectic solvent-based dual microextraction: a novel and green strategy for rapid determination of pesticides in edible oil samples. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:274. [PMID: 35804247 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel, green, and effective strategy employing Fe3O4-modified carbon nanofibers (CNFs) combined with deep eutectic solvent (DES) is proposed as an extraction agent to extract five pesticides in edible oil samples via dual microextraction modes, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography for determination. The Fe3O4@CNFs nanomaterial and a sequence of hydrophilic DES were prepared at first and then characterized by multiple techniques. Subsequently, the extraction performance of DES and Fe3O4@CNFs-DES was compared and Fe3O4@CNFs-DES exhibited better extraction ability. After that, several influencing parameters such as the composition of DES, the amount of Fe3O4@CNFs-DES, the dispersion methods, and the extraction time were investigated and optimized. Eventually, Fe3O4@CNFs as the solid adsorbent combined with tetrabutylammonium chloride-lactic acid-based DES as the extraction solvent were selected to extract target pesticides from oil samples. The established method received good linearity in the range 25-1000 ng·g-1. The limits of detection for all analytes were in the range 2.25-7.50 ng·mL-1. Satisfactory recoveries of target pesticides were obtained (ranging from 82 to 117%) with a relative standard deviation of 0.26-9.46%. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the rapid detection of target pesticides in oil samples, demonstrating its great potential for quick screening and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ranran Guo
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Guixia Ling
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Tu Y, Li L, Fan W, Liu L, Wang Z, Yang L. Development of Green and Efficient Extraction of Bioactive Ginsenosides from Panax ginseng with Deep Eutectic Solvents. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27144339. [PMID: 35889211 PMCID: PMC9315546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The extraction of active constituents from natural sources in a green and efficient manner is considered an important field in the pharmaceutical industry. In recent years, deep eutectic solvents (DESs), a new type of green solvent, have attracted increasing attention. Therefore, we aimed to establish a green and high-efficiency extraction method for ginsenosides based on DESs. This study takes Panax ginseng as a model sample. Eighteen different DESs were produced to extract polar ginsenosides. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was applied for simplicity and efficiency. A binary DES synthesized using choline chloride and urea at a proportion of 1:2 prepared by a heating stirring method is proven to be more effective than other solvents, such as the widely used 70% ethanol for the extraction of ginsenosides. Three variables that might affect the extraction, including the DES content in the extraction solvent, liquid/solid ratio, and ultrasound extraction time, were evaluated for optimization. The optimum extraction conditions for ginsenosides were determined as follows: DES water content of 20 wt%, liquid/solid ratio of 15 mL g−1, and an ultrasonic extraction time of 15 min. The extraction yield for the optimized method is found to be 31% higher than that for 70% ethanol, which achieves efficient extraction. This study shows that DESs are available to extract ginsenosides for use in traditional Chinese medicine. The discovery also contributes to further research into the green extraction of ginsenosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Tu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.T.); (W.F.); (L.L.); (Z.W.)
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Linnan Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.T.); (W.F.); (L.L.); (Z.W.)
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-021-51322506 (L.L.); +86-021-51322506 (L.Y.)
| | - Wenxiang Fan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.T.); (W.F.); (L.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Longchan Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.T.); (W.F.); (L.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.T.); (W.F.); (L.L.); (Z.W.)
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The SATCM Key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; (Y.T.); (W.F.); (L.L.); (Z.W.)
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (L.Y.); Tel.: +86-021-51322506 (L.L.); +86-021-51322506 (L.Y.)
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Ning T, Yang H, Shi C, Yu J, Yu H, Chen P, Di S, Wang J, Zhu S. An in vitro assessment for human skin exposure to parabens using magnetic solid phase extraction coupled with HPLC. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131593. [PMID: 34293573 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Skin contact was a significant source of human exposure to parabens during the use of personal care products. In this study, a novel and simple in vitro evaluation method for human skin exposure to parabens was established for the first time. Firstly, magnetic porous carbon (MPC) derived from discarded cigarette butts was prepared as an adsorbent of magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE), which provided a fast and efficient sample preparation method with satisfactory extraction performance for parabens in cosmetics and was easy to couple with high performance liquid chromatography. Secondly, the extraction conditions were optimized including the etching ratio of KOH, amount of MPC, extraction time, pH, salt concentration, desorption solvent volume and desorption time. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection were between 0.25 and 0.34 ng mL-1 and the spiked recoveries were in the range of 85.8-112.6%. Thirdly, the developed method was successfully employed to determine five typical parabens in real unspiked cosmetic samples, and two parabens were detected at a relatively high level. Then, the developed method was applied to in vitro assays. The absorbable dose of parabens in cream was investigated and in vitro experiments were further designed with agarose-simulated skin to demonstrate the penetration ability of parabens. In conclusion, these results indicated that parabens did have the risk of entering the body through the skin and the exposure was preferably no more than 3 h with skin contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ning
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hucheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chunxiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Gemmological Institute, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Pin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Siyuan Di
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shukui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Li M, Luo S, Di X, Cui Y. Ultrasound-assisted extraction coupling to high performance liquid chromatography for enantiomerically quantitative analysis of two preservatives in cosmetics and the potentially cytotoxic study. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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