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Li K, Wang F, Liu S, Cheng X, Xu J, Liu X, Zhang L. Response and adaptation mechanisms of Apostichopus japonicus to single and combined anthropogenic stresses of polystyrene microplastics or cadmium. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 204:116519. [PMID: 38850758 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have become pervasive in marine ecosystems, exerting detrimental effects on marine life. The concurrent presence and interaction of MPs and heavy metals in aquatic environments could engender more insidious toxicological impacts. This study aimed to elucidate the potential impacts and underlying mechanisms of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs), cadmium (Cd), and their combined stress (MPs-Cd) on sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus). It focused on the growth, Cd bioaccumulation, oxidative stress responses, immunoenzymatic activities, and metabolic profiles, specifically considering PS-MPs sizes preferentially ingested by these organisms. The high-dose MPs (MH) treatment group exhibited an increase in cadmium bioavailability within the sea cucumbers. Exposure to PS-MPs or Cd triggered the activation of antioxidant defenses and immune responses. PS-MPs and Cd exhibited a synergistic effect on lysozyme (LZM) activity. A total of 149, 316, 211, 197, 215, 619, 434, and 602 differentially expressed metabolites were identified, distinguishing the low-dose MPs (ML), high-dose MPs (MH), low-dose Cd (LCd), low-dose MPs and low-dose Cd (MLLCd), high-dose MPs and low-dose Cd (MHLCd), high-dose Cd (HCd), low-dose MPs and high-dose Cd (MLHCd), high-dose MPs and high-dose Cd (MHHCd) groups, respectively. Metabolomic analyses revealed disruptions in lipid metabolism, nervous system function, signal transduction, and transport and catabolism pathways following exposure to PS-MPs, Cd, and MPs-Cd. Correlation analyses among key differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) underscored the interregulation among these metabolic pathways. These results offer new perspectives on the distinct and synergistic toxicological impacts of microplastics and cadmium on aquatic species, highlighting the complex interplay between environmental contaminants and their effects on marine life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Fayuan Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Binzhou Ocean Development Research Institute, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Xiaochen Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jialei Xu
- Zhongke Tonghe (Shandong) Ocean Technology Co., Ltd., Dongying 257200, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Zhongke Tonghe (Shandong) Ocean Technology Co., Ltd., Dongying 257200, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Wang L, Wang B, Cen W, Xu R, Huang Y, Zhang X, Han Y, Zhang Y. Ecological impacts of the expansion of offshore wind farms on trophic level species of marine food chain. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:226-244. [PMID: 38105050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The global demand for renewable energy has resulted in a rapid expansion of offshore wind farms (OWFs) and increased attention to the ecological impacts of OWFs on the marine ecosystem. Previous reviews mainly focused on the OWFs' impacts on individual species like birds, bats, or mammals. This review collected numerous field-measured data and simulated results to summarize the ecological impacts on phytoplankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos, fishes, and mammals from each trophic level and also analyze their interactions in the marine food chain. Phytoplankton and zooplankton are positively or adversely affected by the 'wave effect', 'shading effect', oxygen depletion and predation pressure, leading to a ± 10% fluctuation of primary production. Although zoobenthos are threatened transiently by habitat destruction with a reduction of around 60% in biomass in the construction stage, their abundance exhibited an over 90% increase, dominated by sessile species, due to the 'reef effect' in the operation stage. Marine fishes and mammals are to endure the interferences of noise and electromagnetic, but they are also aggregated around OWFs by the 'reef effect' and 'reserve effect'. Furthermore, the complexity of marine ecosystem would increase with a promotion of the total system biomass by 40% through trophic cascade effects strengthen and resource partitioning alternation triggered by the proliferation of filter-feeders. The suitable site selection, long-term monitoring, and life-cycle-assessment of ecological impacts of OWFs that are lacking in current literature have been described in this review, as well as the carbon emission and deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Bangguo Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Wenxi Cen
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; National Joint Research Center for Yangtze River Conservation, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yuwei Huang
- College of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Yinghui Han
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Yuanxun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Yanshan Earth Critical Zone and Surface Fluxes Research Station, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China; Institute of Eco-Environmental Forensics, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Wippermann D, Zonderman A, Zimmermann T, Pröfrock D. Determination of technology-critical elements in seafood reference materials by inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:2797-2807. [PMID: 38141077 PMCID: PMC11009730 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-05081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The certified reference materials (CRMs) BCR-668 (mussel tissue), NCS ZC73034 (prawn), NIST SRM 1566a (oyster tissue) and NIST SRM 2976 (mussel tissue) were analyzed for their mass fractions of 23 elements using inductively coupled plasma tandem-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS). This study focused on the quantification of selected technology-critical elements (TCEs), specifically rare earth elements (REE) and the less studied TCEs Ga, Ge, Nb, In and Ta. Microwave assisted closed vessel digestion using an acid mixture of HNO3, HCl and H2O2 was applied to varying sample masses and two different microwave systems. Recoveries of 76% (Gd, NCS ZC73034) to 129% (Lu, BCR-668) were obtained for the REE and 83% (Ge, NCS ZC73034) to 127% (Nb, NCS ZC73034) for the less studied TCEs across all analyzed CRMs (compared to certified values) using the best-performing parameters. Mass fractions for all analyzed, non-certified elements are suggested and given with a combined uncertainty U (k = 2), including mass fractions for Ga (11 µg kg-1 ± 9 µg kg-1 to 67 µg kg-1 ± 8 µg kg-1) and In (0.4 µg kg-1 ± 0.3 µg kg-1 to 0.8 µg kg-1 ± 0.7 µg kg-1). This study provides mass fractions of possible new emerging contaminants and addresses the relevant challenges in quantification of less studied TCEs, thus allowing the application of existing CRMs for method validation in studies dealing with the determination of TCEs in seafood or other biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Wippermann
- Department Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexa Zonderman
- Department Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
- Department of Biology, Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science, Universität Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, 22767, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tristan Zimmermann
- Department Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Daniel Pröfrock
- Department Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany.
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van der Zant HF, Pillet AC, Schaap A, Stark SJ, de Weijer TA, Cahyaningwidi AA, Lehner BA. The energy park of the future: Modelling the combination of wave-, wind- and solar energy in offshore multi-source parks. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26788. [PMID: 38455583 PMCID: PMC10918156 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the effects of climate change, a significant percentage of future energy generation is set to come from renewable energy sources. This has led to a substantial increase of installed offshore wind in the North Sea in the last years (28 GW in 2021) and is projected to further accelerate to an installed capacity of 212 GW by 2050. Increasing the renewable energy grid penetration brings challenges, including 1) limitations in space availability and 2) the reliability of renewable energy systems in terms of grid balancing. In the North Sea, maritime space is getting scarce and the projected upscaling of offshore wind is putting pressure on the chemical-, biological, and physical balance of the marine ecosystem. Without economically viable large-scale storage systems, a renewable energy system focused on one intermittent source does not provide reliable baseload- and energy demand compliance. By integrating different supplementary offshore renewable energy sources into multi-source parks output becomes smoother, while the energy yield per area increases. Despite multiple studies stating the benefits of multi-source energy parks of either wind and wave energy or wind and PV energy, no study has been conducted on the co-location of all three offshore renewables. This study combines and analyzes the three offshore renewable energy sources: wave-, offshore PV- and wind energy in the example of Ten Noorden van de Waddeneilanden, a future wind farm north of the Dutch Wadden Islands. The additional renewables are allocated within the wind turbine spacing, taking into account safety zones and maintenance corridors. Co-location of these renewables increases the extracted energy density by 22%, making more efficient use of the limited available marine space. Moreover, the park output becomes smoother as the yearly-averaged coefficient of variation decreases by 13%, the capacity factor with respect to the export cable increases by 19%, and the hours where the output of the park is below 20% of the export cable capacity decreases by 86.5%.
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Zhang W, Guan W, Wang Y, Lin S, See KA. Enabling Al sacrificial anodes in tetrahydrofuran electrolytes for reductive electrosynthesis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13108-13118. [PMID: 38023497 PMCID: PMC10664456 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04725c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Al0 is widely used as a sacrificial anode in organic electrosynthesis. However, there remains a notable knowledge gap in the understanding of Al anode interface chemistry under electrolysis conditions. We hypothesize that Al interfacial chemistry plays a pivotal role in the discernible bias observed in solvent selections for reductive electrosynthesis. The majority of existing methodologies that employ an Al sacrificial anode use N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as the preferred solvent, with only isolated examples of ethereal solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF). Given the crucial role of the solvent in determining the efficiency and selectivity of an organic reaction, limitations on solvent choice could significantly hinder substrate reactivity and impede the desired transformations. In this study, we aim to understand the Al metal interfaces and manipulate them to improve the performance of an Al sacrificial anode in THF-based electrolytes. We have discovered that the presence of halide ions (Cl-, Br-, I-) in the electrolyte is crucial for efficient Al stripping. By incorporating halide additive, we achieve bulk Al stripping in THF-based electrolytes and successfully improve the cell potentials of electrochemically driven reductive methodologies. This study will encourage the use of ethereal solvents in systems using Al sacrificial anodes and guide future endeavors in optimizing electrolytes for reductive electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA
| | - Weiyang Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA
| | - Kimberly A See
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA
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Ebeling A, Wippermann D, Zimmermann T, Klein O, Kirchgeorg T, Weinberg I, Hasenbein S, Plaß A, Pröfrock D. Investigation of potential metal emissions from galvanic anodes in offshore wind farms into North Sea sediments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115396. [PMID: 37582306 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate potential metal emissions from offshore wind farms (OWFs), 215 surface sediment samples from different German North Sea OWFs taken between 2016 and 2022 were analyzed for their mass fractions of metals and their isotopic composition of Sr. For the first time, this study provides large-scale elemental data from OWFs of the previously proposed galvanic anode tracers Cd, Pb, Zn, Ga and In. Results show that mass fractions of the legacy pollutants Cd, Pb and Zn were mostly within the known variability of North Sea sediments. At the current stage the analyzed Ga and In mass fractions as well as Ga/In ratios do not point towards an accumulation in sediments caused by galvanic anodes used in OWFs. However, further investigations are advisable to evaluate long-term effects over the expected lifetime of OWFs, especially with regard to the current intensification of offshore wind energy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ebeling
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Department Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany; Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Wippermann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Department Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany; Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tristan Zimmermann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Department Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Ole Klein
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Department Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Torben Kirchgeorg
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Wüstland 2, 22589 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Weinberg
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Wüstland 2, 22589 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Hasenbein
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Wüstland 2, 22589 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Plaß
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH), Wüstland 2, 22589 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Pröfrock
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Department Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
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Lonsdale J, Blake S. The need to manage emerging human activities, not just emerging chemicals, in chemical management in the marine environment. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 19:857-858. [PMID: 37350528 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jemma Lonsdale
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, UK
- IEAM Editorial Board Member
| | - Sylvia Blake
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, UK
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Wang T, Gao Z, Ru X, Wang X, Yang B, Zhang L. Metabolomics for in situ monitoring of attached Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus edulis: Effects of offshore wind farms on aquatic organisms. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 187:105944. [PMID: 36940557 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While offshore wind power has support from countries around the world, studies show that offshore wind farms (OWFs) may affect marine organisms. Environmental metabolomics is a high-throughput method that provides a snapshot of an organism's metabolic state. To elucidate the effects of OWFs on aquatic organisms, we studied, in situ, Crassostrea gigas and Mytilus edulis attached within and outside of OWFs and their reef areas. Our results show that epinephrine, sulphaniline, and inosine 5'-monophosphate were significantly increased and L-carnitine was significantly reduced in both Crassostrea and Mytilus species from the OWFs. This may be related to immune response, oxidative stress, energy metabolism and osmotic pressure regulation of aquatic organisms. Our study shows that active selection of biological monitoring methods for risk assessment is necessary and that metabolomics of attached shellfish is useful in elucidating the metabolic pathways of aquatic organisms in OWFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaoming Gao
- Binzhou Ocean Development Research Institute, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Xiaoshang Ru
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Levallois A, Nivelais L, Caplat C, Lebel JM, Basuyaux O, Costil K, Serpentini A. Impact assessment of metals realeased by aluminium-based galvanic anode on the physiology of the abalone Haliotis tuberculata in controlled conditions. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:438-450. [PMID: 37055676 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02652-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To protect metal structures immersed in the sea from corrosion, the galvanic anode cathodic protection system (GACP) is often applied. However, this association leads to continuous oxidation of the galvanic anode and therefore to a release of a metal cocktail in the forms of ions or oxy-hydroxides. Therefore, the main objective of our study was to investigate the toxicity of elements released from the dissolution of an aluminium-based galvanic anode (∼95% Al, ∼5% Zn, <0.1% for In, Cu, Cd, Mn, Fe) on a grazing gastropod, the abalone Haliotis tuberculata. The present study was carried out in complement to other research currently in submission. Gastropods were exposed for 16 weeks (12 weeks of exposure and 4 weeks of decontamination phase) to 6 conditions including a control, 4 concentrations based on total aluminium level (86, 425, 1096 and 3549 µg L-1) and a trophic control, corresponding to abalones placed in non-contaminated natural seawater but fed with contaminated algae. The effects of metals on growth, glycogen levels, brix index of hemolymph, MDA levels in digestive gland and gills, hemocyte phagocytic activity, ROS production, lysosomal system and the progress of gametogenesis were investigated throughout the entire exposure allowing the realization of kinetics. The results revealed that the aluminium-based anode does not seem to have an effect on the health status of the individuals for environmentally realistic concentrations. However, in extreme conditions strong effects were reported on the growth, immune system and reproduction of abalone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Levallois
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032, Caen, France
| | - Laureen Nivelais
- Synergie Mer et littoral (SMEL), Zac de Blainville, F-50560, Blainville-sur-Mer, France
| | - Christelle Caplat
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032, Caen, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lebel
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032, Caen, France
| | - Olivier Basuyaux
- Synergie Mer et littoral (SMEL), Zac de Blainville, F-50560, Blainville-sur-Mer, France
| | - Katherine Costil
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032, Caen, France
| | - Antoine Serpentini
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032, Caen, France.
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Levallois A, Vivier B, Caplat C, Goux D, Orvain F, Lebel JM, Claquin P, Chasselin L, Basuyaux O, Serpentini A. Aluminium-based galvanic anode impacts the photosynthesis of microphytobenthos and supports the bioaccumulation of metals released. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 258:106501. [PMID: 36989926 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Very few studies have looked at the potential biological effects of degradation products of galvanic anodes particularly on primary producers which are central to food webs in marine ecosystems. The galvanic anode cathodic protection system (GACP) is widely used to protect submerged metallic structures from corrosion. Aluminium (Al) and zinc (Zn) are the main constituents of galvanic anodes and are therefore released in the marine environment by oxidation process to form ions or oxy-hydroxides. The main objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of the metals released from an aluminium-based galvanic anode on microphytobenthos performance in term of biofilm growing through the analysis of photosynthetic parameters, the determination of chlorophyll and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The bioaccumulation of Al and Zn were measured in the microphytobenthic compartment collected at the surface of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plates exposed during 13 days to seawaters enriched in different concentrations of metals released from dissolution of one anode. Determination of bioconcentration factors confirmed that the microphytobenthos has incorporated Al. A significative effect was observed on the Chl a concentration for the higher tested concentration ([Al] = 210.1 ± 60.2 µg L - 1; [Zn] = 20.2 ± 1.4 µg L - 1). The seawater exposed to the anode affected the MPB productivity (ETRIImax) with consequences on acclimatation light (Ek), absorption cross section of PSII (σPII), Fv/Fm and NPQ. Regarding the EPS production, the anode degradation presented an impact on high and low molecular weight of both carbohydrates and protein fractions of microphytobenthos suggesting that EPS play an essential role in sequestering metal contaminants to maintain the integrity of the biological membranes and the functionality of the cellular organelles. The accumulation of Al released by GACP in microphytobenthos cells could lead to physiologic problems in photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Levallois
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Baptiste Vivier
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Christelle Caplat
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Didier Goux
- Centre de Microscopie Appliquée à la Biologie (CMABio3), Normandie Univ, US EMerode, Esplanade de la Paix, Université de Caen Normandie, 14032 Caen Cedex, France; CRISMAT, Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, CRISMAT, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Francis Orvain
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lebel
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Pascal Claquin
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Léo Chasselin
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France
| | - Olivier Basuyaux
- Synergie Mer et littoral (SMEL), Zac de Blainville, F-50560 Blainville-sur-Mer
| | - Antoine Serpentini
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Esplanade de la paix, F-14032 Caen, France.
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11
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Wang T, Ru X, Deng B, Zhang C, Wang X, Yang B, Zhang L. Evidence that offshore wind farms might affect marine sediment quality and microbial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:158782. [PMID: 36116636 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Offshore wind power is a typical example of clean energy production and plays a critical role in achieving carbon neutrality. Offshore wind farms can have an impact on the marine environment, especially sedimentary environments, but their influence on sediments remain largely unknown. This study, which uses the control-impact principle to define different areas, investigated the characteristics of marine sediments under the Putidao offshore wind farm in Bohai Bay, China. We used chemical and microbiological observations to evaluate sediment quality and microbial community structure. According to both the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and contamination factor (CF) indexes, copper, chromium and zinc were the major contaminants in the offshore wind farm sediments. The pollution load index (PLI) index showed that the various sites on the wind farm were only lightly polluted compared with baseline values. Closer to the wind farm's center, the metal concentrations started to rise. The physicochemical features of the sediments could better explain changes in the microorganisms present, and screening the microbiomes showed a correlation with heavy metal levels, linking the relative abundance of microorganisms to the sediment quality index. This comprehensive study fills a knowledge gap in China and adds to our understanding of how to assess the sedimentary environments of offshore wind farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiaoshang Ru
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Beini Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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12
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Nivelais L, Levallois A, Basuyaux O, Costil K, Lebel JM, Larsonneur S, Guichard G, Serpentini A, Caplat C. Effects on Growth of Juvenile Abalones Haliotis tuberculata Under Chronic Exposition to Metals Released from the Dissolution of an Aluminium-Based Galvanic Anode. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 84:32-44. [PMID: 36564551 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-022-00975-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the marine environment, the galvanic anode cathodic protection system (GACP) undergoes oxidation and releases metals in the forms of ions or oxy-hydroxides into the environment. The objective of the present study was to investigate the toxicity of a cocktail of metals released from the dissolution of an aluminium-based galvanic anode (~ 95% Al, ~ 5% Zn) on the abalone Haliotis tuberculata. Juveniles were exposed for 16 weeks (i.e. 12 weeks of exposure and 4 weeks of decontamination phase) and their growth, intake rate, conversion rate and metallic concentrations were monitored. A total of 6 conditions were tested: a control, 4 concentrations based on Al and a trophic control. Results showed that the mortality reached 57% for individuals exposed to 1125 µg L-1 of Al, and the abalone growth significantly decreased for an Al concentration greater than 495 µg L-1. At the highest exposure concentration, intake rate measurements revealed that the appetite of abalones was affected, supported by the large increase in the conversion rate which was indicative of a poor feed efficiency. The monitoring of metallic concentrations showed that H. tuberculata strongly bioconcentrated Al relative to zinc. The diet did not appear to be the primary pathway for metal entry. Concentrations that significantly impacted abalone growth and survival during the experiment were higher than those found in natural environment, but the bioconcentration of Al into the tissues of a primary consumer such as abalone may be a potential pathway for Al to enter food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureen Nivelais
- Synergie Mer Et Littoral (SMEL), Zac de Blainville, 50560, Blainville-Sur-Mer, France
| | - Alexandre Levallois
- Biologie Des Organismes Et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, Esplanade de La Paix, 14032, Caen, France
| | - Olivier Basuyaux
- Synergie Mer Et Littoral (SMEL), Zac de Blainville, 50560, Blainville-Sur-Mer, France
| | - Katherine Costil
- Biologie Des Organismes Et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, Esplanade de La Paix, 14032, Caen, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lebel
- Biologie Des Organismes Et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, Esplanade de La Paix, 14032, Caen, France
| | - Solveig Larsonneur
- Synergie Mer Et Littoral (SMEL), Zac de Blainville, 50560, Blainville-Sur-Mer, France
| | - Gwendoline Guichard
- Synergie Mer Et Littoral (SMEL), Zac de Blainville, 50560, Blainville-Sur-Mer, France
| | - Antoine Serpentini
- Biologie Des Organismes Et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, Esplanade de La Paix, 14032, Caen, France.
| | - Christelle Caplat
- Biologie Des Organismes Et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD, Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, Esplanade de La Paix, 14032, Caen, France
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13
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Klein O, Zimmermann T, Hildebrandt L, Pröfrock D. Technology-critical elements in Rhine sediments - A case study on occurrence and spatial distribution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158464. [PMID: 36057312 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite their presence in almost every technical device, little is known about the occurrence, distribution, and fate of technology-critical elements (TCEs) within the environment. Due to high economic demands and short product lifespans as well as low recycling rates, many TCEs appear to become emerging contaminants. Within the scope of this work, 57 sediment samples from the German part of the Rhine river, as well as various tributaries, were collected to study the occurrence and distribution of TCEs. This specific catchment area has consistently been subjected to strong anthropogenic influences over the last century. Hierarchical cluster analysis, as well as principal component analysis were used to gain first insights into the spatial distribution and possible sources of TCEs along the Rhine. Obtained mass fractions in conjunction with corresponding geoaccumulation indices (Igeo) provide first indications of a possible enrichment along the Rhine for the TCEs of interest (Ga, Ge, Nb, In, Te, rare earth elements, and Ta). Especially the mass fractions of Zn, Ge, In, La, Sm, and Gd exhibit significant anthropogenic inputs. For stations characterized by high Ge and In mass fractions, element fingerprints imply possible atmospheric deposition stemming from e.g. combustion processes. Distinct anomalies of La and Sm most likely originate from discharges located at the city of Worms into the Upper Rhine. Statistical analysis of all analyzed 55 elemental mass fractions revealed similar behavior of TCEs compared to classical heavy metals. Diffuse as well as point sources of TCEs are likely. As a result, this study provides further insight into the role of TCEs as potential emerging contaminants in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Klein
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany; Universität Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tristan Zimmermann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Lars Hildebrandt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Daniel Pröfrock
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
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14
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von der Au M, Zimmermann T, Kleeberg U, von Tümpling W, Pröfrock D. Characteristic regional differences in trace element pattern of 2014 German North Sea surface Wadden sediments - A judge and assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 184:114208. [PMID: 36307946 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires good ecological status of the marine environment. This also includes the Wadden Sea located in the southeastern part of the North Sea and its chemical status of sediments. Based on results from campaigns conducted in the 1980s, 32 surface sediment samples were taken in 2014 to check whether the sampling strategy required for characterizing the trace element content in sediments is representative and to determine the degree of pollution and potential changes over the last decades. For this purpose the elemental mass fractions of 42 elements were assessed in the ≤20 μm grain size fraction of the surface sediments. Based on cluster analysis a clear correlation between the element distribution and the geographical location of the sampling locations of the German Wadden Sea could be found. As a result of the principal component analysis, three sub-catchments were significantly separated from each other by the characteristic element distributions in the sediments (Norderney and Weser, Elbe and offshore areas, and North Friesland). With the help of discriminant analysis, the classification was confirmed unambiguously. Small anomalies, such as potentially contaminated sites from WWII, could be identified. This proved that the sampling strategy for sediment characterization with reference to trace elements in the Wadden Sea of the German Bight is representative. The impact of regulation and changes on the overall sediment quality is most evident when looking at the environmentally critical elements such as As, Cd, Hg, and Cr. For these elements the mean mass fractions show a significant reduction over the last three decades. Current sediments feature only slightly elevated mass fractions of Ag, Cd, Ce, Cs, Nd, Pb and Se at some sampling locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus von der Au
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany; Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung, Fachbereich 1.1, Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tristan Zimmermann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kleeberg
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Carbon Cycles, Helmholtz Coastal Data Center, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Wolf von Tümpling
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung, Wateranalytics and Chemometrics, Brückstrasse 3a, 39144 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Pröfrock
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
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15
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Levallois A, Caplat C, Basuyaux O, Lebel JM, Laisney A, Costil K, Serpentini A. Effects of chronic exposure of metals released from the dissolution of an aluminium galvanic anode on the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 249:106223. [PMID: 35751942 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Among the anthropogenic sources releasing metallic species into the marine environment, the galvanic anode cathodic protection system (GACP) is widely used to protect submerged metallic structures from corrosion. Galvanic anodes are an alloy of metals of which the main component is aluminum or zinc. Very few studies were performed to study their potential biological effects. We investigated the chronic toxicity of an aluminum-based galvanic anode on the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Oysters were exposed for 84 days to three concentrations of aluminum (50, 100 and 300 µg L-1) obtained with an electrochemical experimental device simulating the dissolution of a galvanic anode. At different exposure times, we studied a battery of biomarkers of the immune system, reproductive parameters and the metabolic state of the oysters. Results demonstrated a sensitivity of oysters at the highest concentration and some biological effects were observed especially for the malondialdehyde content in the digestive gland after 84 days of exposure. In addition to these biomarkers, the bioaccumulation of the different metals composing the anode was measured in oysters' tissues. Bivalves bioaccumulated more zinc than aluminum, even if aluminium was present in greater concentrations during exposures. Moreover, exposure time did not influence the bioaccumulation of aluminum in contrast to zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Levallois
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD 207, Esplanade de la paix, Caen F-14032, France
| | - Christelle Caplat
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD 207, Esplanade de la paix, Caen F-14032, France
| | - Olivier Basuyaux
- Synergie Mer et littoral (SMEL), Zac de Blainville, Blainville-sur-Mer F-50560, France
| | - Jean-Marc Lebel
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD 207, Esplanade de la paix, Caen F-14032, France
| | - Antoine Laisney
- Synergie Mer et littoral (SMEL), Zac de Blainville, Blainville-sur-Mer F-50560, France
| | - Katherine Costil
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD 207, Esplanade de la paix, Caen F-14032, France
| | - Antoine Serpentini
- Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA) Université de Caen Normandie UNICAEN, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UA, CNRS 8067, IRD 207, Esplanade de la paix, Caen F-14032, France.
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16
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Klein O, Zimmermann T, Ebeling A, Kruse M, Kirchgeorg T, Pröfrock D. Occurrence and Temporal Variation of Technology-Critical Elements in North Sea Sediments-A Determination of Preliminary Reference Values. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 82:481-492. [PMID: 35474493 PMCID: PMC9079029 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-022-00929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
As interest in the investigation of possible sources and environmental sinks of technology-critical elements (TCEs) continues to grow, the demand for reliable background level information of these elements in environmental matrices increases. In this study, a time series of ten years of sediment samples from two different regions of the German North Sea were analyzed for their mass fractions of Ga, Ge, Nb, In, REEs, and Ta (grain size fraction < 20 µm). Possible regional differences were investigated in order to determine preliminary reference values for these regions. Throughout the investigated time period, only minor variations in the mass fractions were observed and both regions did not show significant differences. Calculated local enrichment factors ranging from 0.6 to 2.3 for all TCEs indicate no or little pollution in the investigated areas. Consequently, reference values were calculated using two different approaches (Median + 2 median absolute deviation (M2MAD) and Tukey inner fence (TIF)). Both approaches resulted in consistent threshold values for the respective regions ranging from 158 µg kg-1 for In to 114 mg kg-1 for Ce. As none of the threshold values exceed the observed natural variation of TCEs in marine and freshwater sediments, they may be considered baseline values of the German Bight for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Klein
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tristan Zimmermann
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Anna Ebeling
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Madita Kruse
- Department Mechanical Engineering, HTWG Hochschule Konstanz, Alfred-Wachtel-Straße 8, 78462, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Torben Kirchgeorg
- Marine Sciences Department, Marine Chemistry Laboratory - Shipping and Environment, Marine Sediments Section, Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH), Wüstland 2, 22589, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Pröfrock
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Inorganic Environmental Chemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany.
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17
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Gao Y, Wang R, Li Y, Ding X, Jiang Y, Feng J, Zhu L. Trophic transfer of heavy metals in the marine food web based on tissue residuals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:145064. [PMID: 33770865 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Trophic transfer of metals has been well researched in aquatic food webs; however, most studies have examined the presence of metal residuals in the entire body of marine organisms and but not in specific tissues. In this study, we determined the concentrations of Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Ni in various organs of 17 marine species, including crustaceans, gastropods, bivalves, and fishes, with different trophic levels (TLs), which were collected from the Liaodong Bay, China, in July 2019. Results showed that the liver, gill, and muscle tissues of marine species are ideal indicators for analyzing Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Ni contamination in marine environments. When the entire bodies of these marine species were considered, a bio-dilution in Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Ni was observed in the studied food web. In contrast, the metal tissue-specific bio-magnification in the entire studied food web showed different results. In the liver and gill tissues, negative correlations were found between the concentrations of cadmium and TLs, while copper bio-dilution was also observed in gill tissue. In the muscle tissues, Cu, Pb, and Ni showed bio-dilution and trophic magnification factors of Cu, Pb, and Ni ranged from 0.44 to 0.73. This study highlights the importance of tissue-specific considerations to obtain further accurate information on metal trophodynamics and trophic transfers in marine food webs, thereby enhancing the risk assessment of many elements in wildlife and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ruyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yanyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xuebin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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