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Ayhan BS, Kalefetoğlu Macar T, Macar O, Yalçın E, Çavuşoğlu K, Özkan B. A comprehensive analysis of royal jelly protection against cypermethrin-induced toxicity in the model organism Allium cepa L., employing spectral shift and molecular docking approaches. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 203:105997. [PMID: 39084771 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the toxicity of the pesticide cypermethrin and the protective properties of royal jelly against this toxicity were investigated using Allium cepa L., a model organism. Toxicity was evaluated using 6 mg/L cypermethrin, while royal jelly (250 mg/L and 500 mg/L) was used in combination with cypermethrin to test the protective effect. To comprehend toxicity and protective impact, growth, genotoxicity, biochemical, comet assay and anatomical parameters were employed. Royal jelly had no harmful effects when applied alone. On the other hand, following exposure to cypermethrin, there was a reduction in weight increase, root elongation, rooting percentage, mitotic index (MI), and chlorophyll a and b. Cypermethrin elevated the frequencies of micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs), levels of proline and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activity rates of the enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). A spectral change in the DNA spectrum indicated that the interaction of cypermethrin with DNA was one of the reasons for its genotoxicity, and molecular docking investigations suggested that tubulins, histones, and topoisomerases might also interact with this pesticide. Cypermethrin also triggered some critical meristematic cell damage in the root tissue. At the same time, DNA tail results obtained from the comet assay revealed that cypermethrin caused DNA fragmentation. When royal jelly was applied together with cypermethrin, all negatively affected parameters due to the toxicity of cypermethrin were substantially restored. However, even at the maximum studied dose of 500 mg/L of royal jelly, this restoration did not reach the levels of the control group. Thus, the toxicity of cypermethrin and the protective function of royal jelly against this toxicity in A. cepa, the model organism studied, were determined by using many different approaches. Royal jelly is a reliable, well-known and easily accessible protective functional food candidate against the harmful effects of hazardous substances such as pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuğçe Kalefetoğlu Macar
- Giresun University, Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Department of Food Technology, 28400 Giresun, Türkiye.
| | - Oksal Macar
- Giresun University, Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Department of Food Technology, 28400 Giresun, Türkiye
| | - Emine Yalçın
- Giresun University, Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Department of Food Technology, 28400 Giresun, Türkiye
| | - Kültiğin Çavuşoğlu
- Giresun University, Şebinkarahisar School of Applied Sciences, Department of Food Technology, 28400 Giresun, Türkiye
| | - Burak Özkan
- Giresun University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Biology, 28049 Giresun, Türkiye
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Duraisamy P, Ravi S, Martin LC, Kumaresan M, Manikandan B, Ramar M. Differential phagocytic expression of IC-21 macrophages and their scavenging receptors during inflammatory induction by oxysterol: A microscopic approach. Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 38984373 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Phagocytosis by macrophages dates back to a long history in science, this present study deals with new approaches that have been analyzed and standardized towards the interesting aspects of primary and secondary macrophages. The distinct morphological differences in primary and secondary phagocytic cells were observed and the phagocytic response of secondary macrophages under the influence of 7-ketocholesterol and lipopolysaccharide was analyzed. The primary peritoneal and secondary IC-21 cells unveiled explicit differences in nuclear numbers shapes and sizes of the granules present within the cytoplasmic region. Further, potent inducers 7KCh and LPS influenced an effective activation of IC-21 macrophages and resulted in ROS generation, irregulated protein expressions of CD86, CD68, and CD206 with enhanced phagocytic responses towards goat, cow, and human RBC targets with significant phagocytic rate and index were observed. Moreover, a remarkable observation of target specificity and aggregations with IC-21 phagocytic macrophages revealed the notion that specific membrane receptors and secretory molecules (lysosomes) are primarily involved in their phagocytic mechanism. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: IC-21 macrophages are peritoneal origin from mice but the primary peritoneal macrophages and cell line show distinct differences. IC-21 macrophages express target-specific phagocytosis. Phagocytosis in IC-21 macrophages is regulated by CD markers (68, 86, and 206).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sangeetha Ravi
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Beulaja Manikandan
- Department of Biochemistry, Annai Veilankanni's College for Women, Chennai, India
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Cytokinins: Wide-Spread Signaling Hormones from Plants to Humans with High Medical Potential. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071495. [PMID: 35406107 PMCID: PMC9003334 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature is a rich source of biologically active novel compounds. Sixty years ago, the plant hormones cytokinins were first discovered. These play a major role in cell division and cell differentiation. They affect organogenesis in plant tissue cultures and contribute to many other physiological and developmental processes in plants. Consequently, the effect of cytokinins on mammalian cells has caught the attention of researchers. Many reports on the contribution and potential of cytokinins in the therapy of different human diseases and pathophysiological conditions have been published and are reviewed here. We compare cytokinin effects and pathways in plants and mammalian systems and highlight the most important biological activities. We present the strong profile of the biological actions of cytokinins and their possible therapeutic applications.
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Gao Y, Sinkkonen A, Li H, Oleszczuk P. Advances in agro-environmental organic contamination: An introduction to the Special Issue. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132071. [PMID: 34500329 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Horticulture Technologies, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, Turku, Finland
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
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Verma N, Prasad SM. Interplay of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide: systemic regulation of photosynthetic performance and nitrogen metabolism in cadmium challenged cyanobacteria. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2181-2199. [PMID: 34744360 PMCID: PMC8526665 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the potential role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) has been well recorded in the induction of cadmium (Cd) stress tolerance in cyanobacteria. In this regard, H2O2 and SNP (sodium nitroprusside, NO donor), were applied to Nostoc muscorum and Anabaena sp. exposed to Cd (6 µM) stress, to analyze different physiological and biochemical parameters. Results revealed that treatment of Cd reduced the growth, pigment contents, photosynthetic oxygen yield and performance of PS II photochemistry (decreased chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, i.e., ФPo, Ψo, ФEo, PIABS along with Fv/Fo and increased the energy flux parameters, i.e., ABS/RC, TRo/RC, ETo/RC, DIo/RC along with Fo/Fv. Similarly, uptake of nitrate (NO3 -) and nitrite (NO2 -), as well as the activities of nitrate and ammonia assimilating enzymes along with carbohydrate content, were severely affected by Cd toxicity and notwithstanding this, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity exhibited reverse trend. Exogenous application of a very low dose (1 µM) of H2O2 (only for 3 h) and NO (SNP; 10 µM) notably counteracted Cd-induced toxicity. Nevertheless, the positive impact of H2O2 got reversed under the treatment of PTIO (NO scavenger) and LNAME (inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase; NOS) while NO could work efficiently even in the presence of NAC (H2O2 scavenger) and DPI (inhibitor of NADPH oxidase); hence indicated towards the H2O2 mediated NO signaling in averting Cd induced toxicity in test cyanobacteria. In conclusion, current finding demonstrated a positive cross-talk between H2O2 and NO for providing tolerance to cyanobacteria against Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Verma
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002 India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002 India
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Chen D, Chen S, Zhao C, Yan J, Ma Z, Zhao X, Wang Z, Wang X, Wang H. Screening and functional identification of antioxidant microRNA-size sRNAs from Spirulina platensis using high-throughput sequencing. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:973-983. [PMID: 34112312 DOI: 10.1071/fp20405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
MiRNA-size small RNAs, abbreviated as sRNAs, are increasingly being discovered as research progresses and omics technologies development in prokaryotes. However, there is a paucity of data concerning whether or not sRNAs exist in cyanobacteria and regulate the resistance to oxidative stress. In this investigation, small RNA libraries were constructed from the control, 50-nM and 100-nM H2O2 treatments of Spirulina platensis. By high-throughput sequencing, 23 candidate sRNAs showed significantly differential expression under oxidative stress, among which eight sRNAs were identified with the similar expression patterns as the sequencing results by real-time qPCR. By nucleic acid hybridisation, the corresponding expression changes also demonstrated that sequencing results of sRNAs were feasible and credible. By bioinformatics prediction and structure identification, 43 target genes were predicted for 8 sRNAs in plant miRNA database, among which 29 were annotated into the genome and related metabolic pathways of S. platensis. By COG functional classification and KEGG pathway analysis, 31 target genes were predicted to be directly or indirectly involved in the defence mechanism of H2O2 stress. Thirteen target genes displayed reversely changing patterns compared with those of their sRNAs under H2O2 treatment. These findings provide compelling evidence that these sRNAs in S. platensis play a crucial role in oxidative stress responses, and thus provide a theoretical reference for improving the stress-triggering physiological regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechao Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Shuya Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Jin Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Zelong Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Xiaokai Zhao
- School of Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215004, China; and School of Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; and Corresponding authors. ;
| | - Xuedong Wang
- School of Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huili Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215004, China; and Corresponding authors. ;
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Verma N, Pandey A, Tiwari S, Prasad SM. Calcium mediated nitric oxide responses: Acquisition of nickel stress tolerance in cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum ATCC 27893. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100953. [PMID: 33644425 PMCID: PMC7895720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) and nitric oxide (NO) are potentially active and multitasking signaling molecules which are known to regulate abiotic stresses in plants, but their interactive role in the acquisition of metal stress tolerance in cyanobacteria remains elusive. In current study the signaling role of Ca2+ (800 μM) and NO (10 μM SNP) on key physiological and biochemical attributes of the agriculturally and economically important cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum ATCC 27893 subjected to Ni stress (2 μM) was examined. Results revealed that Ni at elevated level caused severe damages to the test organism but exogenous supplementation of Ca2+ and NO efficiently mitigated its toxic effects and up-regulated the growth, pigment contents, rate of photosynthesis (whole cell oxygen evolution and Chl a fluorescence indices: Kinetic traits: ΦP0, Ψ0, ΦE0 and PIABS, along with Fv/F0), nitrogen metabolism (NO3‾ and NO2‾ uptake, nitrate:NR and NiR; and ammonia:GS and GOGAT; assimilating enzymes), and boosted the enzymatic (SOD, POD, CAT and GST) along with non-enzymatic (proline, cysteine and NP-SH) antioxidants. Whereas the increased values of energy flux traits: (ABS/RC, TR0/RC, DI0/RC and ET0/RC) along with F0/Fv, rate of respiration, oxidative stress biomarkers (SOR, H2O2 and MDA), and activity of GDH enzyme exhibited lowering trends with application of Ca2+ and NO. Further, addition of EGTA (Ca2+ scavenger) and PTIO (NO scavenger) reversed the positive impacts of Ca2+ and NO and worsened the toxicity of Ni on test cyanobacterium, but the damages were more pronounced under PTIO application that demonstrated Ca2+ mediated signaling role of NO in Ni toxicity alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Verma
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj - 211002 India
| | - Aparna Pandey
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj - 211002 India
| | - Santwana Tiwari
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj - 211002 India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj - 211002 India
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