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Zhou Y, Wu B, Cui X, Ren T, Ran T, Rittmann BE. Mass Flow and Metabolic Pathway of Nonaeration Greywater Treatment in an Oxygenic Microalgal-Bacterial Biofilm. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:534-544. [PMID: 38108291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A symbiotic microalgal-bacterial biofilm can enable efficient carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) removal during aeration-free wastewater treatment. However, the contributions of microalgae and bacteria to C and N removal remain unexplored. Here, we developed a baffled oxygenic microalgal-bacterial biofilm reactor (MBBfR) for the nonaerated treatment of greywater. A hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 h gave the highest biomass concentration and biofilm thickness as well as the maximum removal of chemical oxygen demand (94.8%), linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS, 99.7%), and total nitrogen (97.4%). An HRT of 4 h caused a decline in all of the performance metrics due to LAS biotoxicity. Most of C (92.6%) and N (95.7%) removals were ultimately associated with newly synthesized biomass, with only minor fractions transformed into CO2 (2.2%) and N2 (1.7%) on the function of multifarious-related enzymes in the symbiotic biofilm. Specifically, microalgae photosynthesis contributed to the removal of C and N at 75.3 and 79.0%, respectively, which accounted for 17.3% (C) and 16.7% (N) by bacteria assimilation. Oxygen produced by microalgae favored the efficient organics mineralization and CO2 supply by bacteria. The symbiotic biofilm system achieved stable and efficient removal of C and N during greywater treatment, thus providing a novel technology to achieve low-energy-input wastewater treatment, reuse, and resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Beibei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaocai Cui
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tian Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ting Ran
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701, United States
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Van de Walle A, Kim M, Alam MK, Wang X, Wu D, Dash SR, Rabaey K, Kim J. Greywater reuse as a key enabler for improving urban wastewater management. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 16:100277. [PMID: 37206314 PMCID: PMC10188637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable water management is essential to guaranteeing access to safe water and addressing the challenges posed by climate change, urbanization, and population growth. In a typical household, greywater, which includes everything but toilet waste, constitutes 50-80% of daily wastewater generation and is characterized by low organic strength and high volume. This can be an issue for large urban wastewater treatment plants designed for high-strength operations. Segregation of greywater at the source for decentralized wastewater treatment is therefore necessary for its proper management using separate treatment strategies. Greywater reuse may thus lead to increased resilience and adaptability of local water systems, reduction in transport costs, and achievement of fit-for-purpose reuse. After covering greywater characteristics, we present an overview of existing and upcoming technologies for greywater treatment. Biological treatment technologies, such as nature-based technologies, biofilm technologies, and membrane bioreactors (MBR), conjugate with physicochemical treatment methods, such as membrane filtration, sorption and ion exchange technologies, and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection, may be able to produce treated water within the allowable parameters for reuse. We also provide a novel way to tackle challenges like the demographic variance of greywater quality, lack of a legal framework for greywater management, monitoring and control systems, and the consumer perspective on greywater reuse. Finally, benefits, such as the potential water and energy savings and sustainable future of greywater reuse in an urban context, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjen Van de Walle
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Minseok Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Program of Environmental and Polymeric Engineering, Inha University, 22212, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Kawser Alam
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Program of Environmental and Polymeric Engineering, Inha University, 22212, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Di Wu
- Center for Environmental and Energy Research, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Smruti Ranjan Dash
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Program of Environmental and Polymeric Engineering, Inha University, 22212, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Korneel Rabaey
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Program of Environmental and Polymeric Engineering, Inha University, 22212, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.
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3
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Wu B, Ran T, Liu S, Li Q, Cui X, Zhou Y. Biofilm bioactivity affects nitrogen metabolism in a push-flow microalgae-bacteria biofilm reactor during aeration-free greywater treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120461. [PMID: 37639992 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Non-aeration microalgae-bacteria biofilm has attracted increasing interest for its application in low cost wastewater treatment. However, it is unclear the quantified biofilm characteristics dynamics and how biofilm bioactivity affects performance and nitrogen metabolisms during wastewater treatment. In this work, a push-flow microalgae-bacteria biofilm reactor (PF-MBBfR) was developed for aeration-free greywater treatment. Comparatively, organic loading at 1.27 ± 0.10 kg COD/(m3⋅d) gave the highest biofilm concentration, density, specific oxygen generation (SOGR) and consumption rates (SOCR), and pollutants removal rates. Contributed to low residual linear alkylbenzene sulfonates and bioactivity, reactor downstream showed low bacteria and protein concentrations and SOCR (12.8 mg O2/g TSS·h), but high microalgae, carbohydrate, biofilm density, SOGR (49.4 mg O2/g TSS·h) and pollutants removal rates. Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) showed higher molecular weight, CHONS and fraction with 4 atoms of N in reactor upstream. Most of nitrogen was fixed to newly synthesized biomass during assimilation process by related functional enzymes, minor contributed to denitrification due to low N2 emission. High nitrogen assimilation by microalgae showed high SOGR, which favored efficient multiple pollutants removal and reduced DON emission. Our findings favor the practical application of PF-MBBfR based on biofilm bioactivity, enhancing efficiency and reducing DON emission for low- energy-input wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ting Ran
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sibei Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaocai Cui
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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4
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Liu Y, Wu B, Cui X, Ren Q, Ren T, Zhou Y. Distribution and dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes in a three-dimensional multifunctional biofilm during greywater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121533. [PMID: 36997145 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been identified as serious threats to public health. Despite the widespread in various systems, dynamics of ARGs in three-dimensional multifunctional biofilm (3D-MFB) treating greywater are largely undefined. This work tracked the distributions and dynamics of eight target genes (intI1, korB, sul1, sul2, tetM, ermB, blaCTX-M and qnrS) in a 3D-MFB during greywater treatment. Results showed that hydraulic retention times at 9.0 h achieved the highest linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) and total nitrogen removal rates at 99.4% and 79.6%, respectively. ARGs presented significant liquid-solid distribution feature, but non-significant with biofilm position. Intracellular ARGs (predominant by intI1, korB, sul1 and sul2) at bottom biofilm were 210- to 4.2 × 104- fold higher than that in cell-free liquid. Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)-attached LAS showed linear relationship with most of ARGs (R2 > 0.90, P < 0.05). Sphingobacteriales, Chlamydiales, Microthrixaceae, SB-1, Cryomorphaceae, Chitinophagaceae, Leadbetterella and Niabella were tightly bound up with target ARGs. Key is that EPS-attached LAS considerably determines the occurrence of ARGs, and microbial taxa play an important role in the dissemination of ARGs in the 3D-MFB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Beibei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaocai Cui
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qingqing Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tian Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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5
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Wei T, Wang Z, Yang Y, Xiang W, Liu Y, Wu B, Cui X, Guo B, Zhou Y. Microbial niches and dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes in a bio-enhanced granular-activated carbon biofilm treating greywater. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 331:138774. [PMID: 37100251 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation and transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in greywater treatment systems present risks for its reuse. In this study, a gravity flow self-supplying oxygen (O2) bio-enhanced granular activated carbon dynamic biofilm reactor (BhGAC-DBfR) was developed to treat greywater. Maximum removal efficiencies were achieved at saturated/unsaturated ratios (RSt/Ust) of 1:1.1 for chemical oxygen demand (97.6 ± 1.5%), linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) (99.2 ± 0.5%), NH4+-N (99.3 ± 0.7%) and total nitrogen (85.3 ± 3.2%). Microbial communities were significantly different at various RSt/Ust and reactor positions (P < 0.05). The unsaturated zone with low RSt/Ust showed more abundant microorganisms than the saturated zone with high RSt/Ust. The reactor-top community was predominant by aerobic nitrification (Nitrospira) and LAS biodegradation (Pseudomonas, Rhodobacter and Hydrogenophaga) related genera; but reactor-bottom community was predominant by anaerobic denitrification and organics removal related genera (Dechloromonas and Desulfovibrio). Most of the ARGs (e.g., intI-1, sul1, sul2 and korB) were accumulated in the biofilm, which were closely associated with microbial communities at reactor top and stratification. The saturated zone can achieve over 80% removal of the tested ARGs at all operation Phases. Results suggested that BhGAC-DBfR can provide assistance in blocking the environment dissemination of ARGs during greywater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wei
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wanchen Xiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Beibei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaocai Cui
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
| | - Yun Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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6
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Li H, Yang Y, Li X, Ullah H. Remediation of Surfactants Used by VUV/O 3 Techniques: Degradation Efficiency, Pathway and Toxicological Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083312. [PMID: 37110546 PMCID: PMC10145303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Surfactants are increasingly used in systems that come into contact with the human body, such as food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and personal hygiene products. Increasing attention is being devoted to the toxic effects of surfactants in various human contact formulations, as well as the removal of residual surfactants. In the presence of ozone (O3), anion surfactants-a characteristic micro-pollutant-such as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) in greywater, can be removed using radical advanced oxidation. Herein, we report a systematic study of the SDBS degradation effect of O3 activated by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation and the influence of water composition on VUV/O3, and determined the contribution of radical species. We show a synergistic effect of VUV and O3, while VUV/O3 reached a higher mineralization (50.37%) than that of VUV (10.63%) and O3 (29.60%) alone. The main reactive radicals of VUV/O3 were HO•. VUV/O3 had an optimal pH of 9. The addition of SO42- had almost no effect on the degradation of SDBS by VUV/O3, Cl- and HCO3- slightly reduced the reaction rate, and NO3- had a significant inhibition on the degradation. In total, SDBS had three isomers, with which the three degradation pathways were very comparable. Compared with SDBS, the toxicity and harmfulness of the degradation by-products of the VUV/O3 process decreased. Additionally, VUV/O3 could degrade synthetic anion surfactants from laundry greywater effectively. Overall, the results show the potential of VUV/O3 in safeguarding humans from residual surfactant hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- College of Architecture & Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yanling Yang
- College of Architecture & Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xing Li
- College of Architecture & Civil Engineering, Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Habib Ullah
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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7
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Wu B, Ren Q, Xia L, Liu Y, Cui X, Dai A, Wei T, Zhou Y. pH-dependent microbial niches succession and antibiotic resistance genes distribution in an oxygen-based membrane biofilm reactor treating greywater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114725. [PMID: 36343711 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
System pH is found to crucially affect biofilm growth and microorganisms' activity in the biofilm-based wastewater treatment system. This study investigated the pH-dependent pollutants removal, microbial niches succession and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) accumulation in an oxygen-based membrane biofilm reactor treating greywater. Results indicated that neutral conditions achieved the highest biofilm concentration and living cells, which enabled the highest pollutants removal rates; multifarious functional groups in biofilm enabled pollutants adsorption, which favored its continuous bio-removal. Microbial communities under acidic condition (pH = 5.0) were significantly different with that under other conditions (p < 0.05). The neutral and alkaline niches (pH = 7.0 and 9.0) were predominant by organics biodegradation and nitrogen reduction bacteria (e.g. Sphingobacteriales, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium and Phenylobacterium), but which were significantly dropped under acidic conditions, leading to the declined reactor performance. ARGs in biofilm (predominant by korB, intI-1, sul1 and sul2) were much higher than that in the cell-free liquid and the target ARGs accumulation (korB, intI-1, blaCTX-M, qnrS) had nearly linear positive relationships (R2 > 0.95, P < 0.01) with biofilm-attached linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). LAS stimulate ARGs proliferation in functional microorganisms (korB, sul-1 and intI-1 were significantly associated with related microbial genus) and biofilm played a key role in ARGs dissemination. The relatively low ARGs in both biofilm and effluent under neutral conditions suggested that pH controlling can be an effective strategy to inhibit ARGs dissemination and proliferation in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qingqing Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Libo Xia
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaocai Cui
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Anqi Dai
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ting Wei
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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8
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Zhou Y, Anwar MN, Guo B, Huang W, Liu Y. Response of antibiotic resistance genes and microbial niches to dissolved oxygen in an oxygen-based membrane biofilm reactor during greywater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155062. [PMID: 35395308 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) in greywater (GW) will simulate antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) production in the biofilm-based system. Our study emphasizes the dissolved oxygen (DO)-dependent ARGs accumulation and microbial niches succession in an oxygen-based membrane biofilm reactor (O2-MBfR) treating GW, as well as revealing the key roles of EPS. Changing DO concentrations led to significant differences in ARGs production, EPS secretion and microbial communities, as well as the organics and nitrogen removal efficiency. Increasing DO concentration from 0.2 to 0.4 mg/L led to improved organics (> 90%) and nitrogen removal, as well as less EPS (especially for proteins and carbohydrates) and ARGs accumulation (e.g., intI-1, korB and sul-2) in the biofilm; the high-DO-concentration accumulated microbial niches, including Flavobacteriaceae and Cyanobacteria that revealed by LEfSe analysis, contributed to both nitrogen reduction and organics biodegradation. While, the inefficient electron acceptor at low DO conditions (0.2 mg/L) reduced the organics and nitrogen removal efficiency, as well as the improved accumulation of EPS in biofilm; high EPS enabled the capture of residual LAS from the liquid phase, which stimulated the production of ARGs by the distinct microbial community compositions. These findings suggested the DO-based ARGs reduction regulation strategy in the O2-MBfR treating GW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Mian Nabeel Anwar
- University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Bing Guo
- University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada; Centre for Environmental Health and Engineering (CEHE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom.
| | - Wendy Huang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
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9
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Ren Q, Cui X, Zuo X, He J, Zhou Y. Assessment and optimization of the oxygen based membrane biofilm reactor as a novel technology for source-diverted greywater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151763. [PMID: 34822898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen based membrane biofilm (O2-MBfR) has been proved to be a novel technology in treating greywater (GW) and response surface methodology (RSM) was used to model the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) with operation parameters COD/TN ratio, system pH and lumen air pressure (LAP). Results indicated that the all target single factors affect GW treatment efficiency, and the regression model with central composite design (CCD) showed good agreement with the experimental results with high R2 and R2 adj values (all >0.97) for all the target responses. Statistical evaluation revealed that system pH was the most significant parameter affecting COD and TN removal, followed by COD/TN ratio and LAP. The interaction between COD/TN ratio and system pH also played an important role on the GW treatment. The optimized maximum removal of COD (96.48%) and TN (133 g N/m2-day) were achieved with the COD/TN ratio 17.76 g COD/g TN, system pH 7.10 and LAP 1.00 psi. Thus, RSM combined with CCD could be used for predicting the organics and nitrogen removal during GW treatment in the O2-MBfR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Ren
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaocai Cui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xingtao Zuo
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiajie He
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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10
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Cui X, Ren Q, Zhang J, Zhou Y. Removal kinetics of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in a batch-operated oxygen based membrane biofilm reactor treating greywater: Quantitative differentiation of adsorption and biodegradation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150523. [PMID: 34844301 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen-based membrane biofilm reactor (O2-MBfR) is a unique technique for high linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS)-containing greywater (GW) treatment. Despite the efficient removal of LAS, the dynamics of how it is taken up and the quantitative differentiation of adsorption and biodegradation are largely undefined. In this study, we tracked the fate of LAS, chemical oxygen demand and nitrogen in various systems: GW, GW with inactivated sludge (InAS) and GW with activated sludge (AS). We determined the distribution of biodegraded-, free-, and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)-attached LAS, and we also developed a model to simulate all the steps. Results showed that AS exhibited high live cells proportion and microbial activity, but the opposite trend for GW and InAS. Both of nitrogen and organics could be simultaneously and efficiently removed in the AS inoculated system. The two-step model for LAS uptake and biodegradation represented the experimental results well. EPS adsorption led to the fast LAS accumulation in biofilm, and biodegradation led to the continuous removal of LAS in the system. After operated for 24 h, biodegradation and EPS accumulation of LAS were 94% and 4%, respectively, and the residual soluble LAS was lower than 1%. This work lays the foundation for using O2-MBfR to treat GW and other types of wastewater, and understanding the key roles of EPS and the mathematical model of LAS removal in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocai Cui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingqing Ren
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou, Guangdong 516007, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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11
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Li H, Yang Y, Li X, Zhou Z, Feng J, Dai Y, Li X, Ren J. Degradation of sulfamethazine by vacuum ultraviolet-activated sulfate radical-advanced oxidation: efficacy, mechanism and influences of water constituents. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Zhou Y, Li R, Guo B, Xia S, Liu Y, Rittmann BE. The influent COD/N ratio controlled the linear alkylbenzene sulfonate biodegradation and extracellular polymeric substances accumulation in an oxygen-based membrane biofilm reactor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126862. [PMID: 34416689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluated the fates of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), and total nitrogen (TN) when treating greywater (GW) in an oxygen-based membrane biofilm reactor (O2-MBfR). An influent ratio of chemical oxygen demand to total nitrogen (COD/TN) of 20 g COD/g N gave the best removals of LAS, COD, NH4+-N and TN, and it also had the greatest EPS accumulation in the biofilm. Higher EPS and improved performance were linked to increases in the relative abundances of bacteria able to biodegrade LAS (Zoogloea, Pseudomonas, Parvibaculum, Magnetospirillum and Mycobacterium) and to nitrify (Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira), as well as to ammonia oxidation related enzyme (ammonia monooxygenase). The EPS was dominated by protein, which played a key role in adsorbing LAS, achieving short-time protection from LAS toxicity and allowed LAS biodegradation. Continuous high-efficiency removal of LAS alleviated LAS toxicity to microbial physiological functions, including nitrification, nitrate respiration, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, achieving the stable high-efficient simultaneous removal of organics and nitrogen in the O2-MBfR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9
| | - Ran Li
- University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9; College of Petroleum Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bing Guo
- University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9; Centre for Environmental Health and Engineering (CEHE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Liu
- University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9.
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5701, United States
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13
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Li Z, Ren L, Qiao Y, Li X, Zheng J, Ma J, Wang Z. Recent advances in membrane biofilm reactor for micropollutants removal: Fundamentals, performance and microbial communities. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 343:126139. [PMID: 34662738 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of micropollutants (MPs) in water and wastewater imposes potential risks on ecological security and human health. Membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), as an emerging technology, has attracted much attention for MPs removal from water and wastewater. The review aims to consolidate the recent advances in membrane biofilm reactor for MPs removal from the standpoint of fundamentals, removal performance and microbial communities. First, the configuration and working principles of MBfRs are reviewed prior to the discussion of the current status of the system. Thereafter, a comprehensive review of the MBfR performance for MPs elimination based on literature database is presented. Key information on the microbial communities that are of great significance for the removal performance is then synthesized. Perspectives on the future research needs are also provided in this review to ensure the development of MBfRs for more cost-effective elimination of MPs from water and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyan Li
- Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Lehui Ren
- Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yiwen Qiao
- Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Junjian Zheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 1 Jinji Road, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Jinxing Ma
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji Advanced Membrane Technology Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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14
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Zhou Y, Li R, Guo B, Yu N, Liu Y. Cometabolism accelerated simultaneous ammoxidation and organics mineralization in an oxygen-based membrane biofilm reactor treating greywater under low dissolved oxygen conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:147898. [PMID: 34058588 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon/nitrogen ratio is an important parameter during the biological wastewater treatment. Our study emphasizes revealing the mechanisms of chemical oxygen demand/total nitrogen (COD/TN) ratio dependent improved greywater (GW) treatment in an oxygen based membrane biofilm reactor (O2-MBfR). Results showed that reducing COD/TN ratio from 40 to 20 g COD/g N by supplementing NH4Cl to GW improved the relative abundance of genera related to LAS-biodegradation (from 8.39% to 35.7%), nitrification (from 0.20% to 0.62%) and denitrification (from 3.01% to 7.59%). Reducing COD/TN ratio also led to an increase in the ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) activity (from 7.56 to 10.2 mg N/g VSS-h), as well as improved ammoxidation and linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) mineralization although the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and pH decreased. Much higher NH4+ - N at lower COD/TN ratio (10 units) led to lower DO (0.13 ± 0.01 mg/L) and pH (6.72 ± 0.02), but the continuously increased AMO activity (up to 12.9 mg N/g VSS-h) enabled the cometabolism of ammoxidation and LAS mineralization, leading to the efficient removal of organics and nitrogen under the low DO condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Ran Li
- University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada; College of Petroleum Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bing Guo
- University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada; Centre for Environmental Health and Engineering (CEHE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Najiaowa Yu
- University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
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15
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Wang Y, Zhu T, Chang M, Jin D. Performance of a hybrid membrane aerated biofilm reactor (H-MBfR) for shortcut nitrification. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Zhou Y, Li R, Guo B, Yu N, Xia S, Liu Y. Lumen air pressure (LAP) affecting greywater treatment in an oxygen-based membrane biofilm reactor (O 2-MBfR). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 270:129541. [PMID: 33429234 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several technologies have been employed to treat greywater (GW) for domestic use. Aerobic biological treatment has achieved high efficiency, the main cost being the necessary source of oxygen (O2). This study explores the effects of lumen air pressure (LAP) on reactor performance and microbial community succession in an O2-based membrane biofilm reactor (O2-MBfR) treating GW. At high LAP (≥0.8 psi), the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration inside the reactor was higher than 0.38 ± 0.02 mg/L, leading to removal efficiencies of 90%, 98%, and 80%, of total chemical oxygen demand, total linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), and total nitrogen, respectively. Lower LAP (<0.8 psi) led to a decrease in DO inside the system, and a less effective GW treatment. Low O2 pressure decreased organic biodegradation and ammoniation, and caused LAS accumulation in the biofilm, leading to the solubilization of extracellular polymeric substances and cell lysis. Comprehensive consideration of reactor performance and energy input, DO inside the MBfR at 0.38 ± 0.02 mg/L could be selected as the optimized condition for GW treatment. Microbial community analyses results also revealed that improved LAP was favorable for the enrichment of LAS-biodegradation related genus (Pseudomonas, Parvibaculum, Magnetospirillum, Clostridium, Zoogloea, Dechloromonas and Mycobacterium), nitrifiers (Nitrosomonas and Sphingomonas) and facultative microorganisms (Dechloromonas, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas and Zoogloea) that can carry out denitrification under relatively high DO conditions (>0.38 mg/L), but led to the reduction of the relative abundance of heterotrophs (Acidovorax, Thermomonas, Brevundimonas and Enterobacter) that are more sensitive towards high DO conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Ran Li
- University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada; College of Petroleum Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bing Guo
- University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Najiaowa Yu
- University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yang Liu
- University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada.
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17
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Zhou Y, Li R, Guo B, Zhang L, Zhang H, Xia S, Liu Y. Three-dimension oxygen gradient induced low energy input for grey water treatment in an oxygen-based membrane biofilm reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110124. [PMID: 32835683 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Grey water (GW) containing high levels of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) can be a threat to human health and organisms in the environment if not treated properly. Although aerobic treatment could achieve high organics removal efficiency, conventional aeration can lead to serious foaming and energy waste. Here, we systematically evaluated an oxygen based membrane biofilm reactor (O2-MBfR) for its capacity to simultaneously remove organics and nitrogen from GW. The dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration inside the reactor was maintained at 0.4 mg/L by gradually controlling the lumen air pressure. Results showed that the O2-MBfR achieved high removal efficiency of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), total linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) and total nitrogen (TN) of 89.7%, 99.1% and 78.1%, respectively, with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 7.5 h. Lower HRT (7.0 h) led to the accumulation of LAS in the biofilm, which caused cell lysis and damaged the O2-MBfR system, leading to a discernible and continuous decline of the reactor performance. The O2-MBfR design completely eliminated foaming formation and the three-dimension oxygen gradient design led to low air pressure inside the membrane fiber, which enabled the high removal efficiency for both organics and nitrogen with low energy input and GW treatment cost, providing the fundamental knowledge for practical application of O2-MBfR in wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhou
- University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Ran Li
- College of Petroleum Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, 710065, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bing Guo
- University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Lei Zhang
- University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Huixin Zhang
- University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yang Liu
- University of Alberta, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada.
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