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Wang Y, Wang Q, Wang W, Liu F, Wu S. Migration of fluoranthene, phenanthrene, and pyrene in soil environment during the growth of Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 110:104535. [PMID: 39142473 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The escalating concern surrounding fluoranthene (FLN), phenanthrene (Phe), and pyrene (Pyr), underscores the urgency to investigate their dynamics in the context of agricultural ecosystems. Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (Bok choy), a globally consumed vegetable, holds particular significance in this scenario. This study explores the migration and transformation of FLN, Phe, and Pyr from soil to Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis during its growth. The germination rates of seeds in these treatments varied, with soil+Bok choy and soil+FLN+Bok choy treatments showing higher rates (77.8 %), while soil+mix+Bok choy exhibited the lowest rate (11.1 %) after 3 days. Analyzing the distribution of FLN, Phe, and Pyr in Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis parts after 30 days revealed a sequence of accumulation in stem> root> leaf. This study provides information on practical implications for regulating the soil-plant migration and transformation of FLN, Phe, and Pyr, offering valuable insights for migration of PAHs pollution in agricultural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City 338-8570, Japan.
| | - Qingyue Wang
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City 338-8570, Japan.
| | - Weiqian Wang
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City 338-8570, Japan
| | - Fenwu Liu
- College of Resource and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Shangrong Wu
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City 338-8570, Japan
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Zhang JB, Dai C, Wang Z, You X, Duan Y, Lai X, Fu R, Zhang Y, Maimaitijiang M, Leong KH, Tu Y, Li Z. Resource utilization of rice straw to prepare biochar as peroxymonosulfate activator for naphthalene removal: Performances, mechanisms, environmental impact and applicability in groundwater. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120555. [PMID: 37666149 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, biochar was prepared using rice straw, and it served as the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator to degrade naphthalene (NAP). The results showed that pyrolysis temperature has played an important role in regulating biochar structure and properties. The biochar prepared at 900°C (BC900) had the best activation capacity and could remove NAP in a wide range of initial pH (5-11). In the system of BC900/PMS, multi-reactive species were produced, in which 1O2 and electron transfer mainly contributed to NAP degradation. In addition, the interference of complex groundwater components on the NAP removal rate must get attention. Cl- had a significant promotional effect but risked the formation of chlorinated disinfection by-products. HCO3-, CO32-, and humic acid (HA) had an inhibitory effect; surfactants had compatibility problems with the BC900/PMS system, which could lead to unproductive consumption of PMS. Significantly, the BC900/PMS system showed satisfactory remediation performance in spiked natural groundwater and soil, and it could solve the problem of persistent groundwater contamination caused by NAP desorption from the soil. Besides, the degradation pathway of NAP was proposed, and the BC900/PMS system could degrade NAP into low or nontoxic products. These suggest that the BC900/PMS system has promising applications in in-situ groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bo Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chaomeng Dai
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Zeyu Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xueji You
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanping Duan
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Xiaoying Lai
- Department of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Rongbing Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | | | - Kah Hon Leong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Yaojen Tu
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Han Y, Dai C, Duan Y, Tu Y, Liu S, Zhang Y. Synthesis and Surface Properties of Photoresponsive Gemini Surfactants: Implication for Remediating PAHs-Contaminated Groundwater. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10642-10650. [PMID: 36790397 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The efficient utility of surfactants remains a daunting task for groundwater remediation. In this study, we have synthesized a conventional photoresponsive surfactant 4-[4-[(4-butylphenyl)azo]phenoxy]butyldimethylethylammonium bromide (AzoPB) and a gemini photoresponsive surfactant N1,N2-bis[4-[4-[(4-butylphenyl)azo]phenoxy]butyl]-N1,N2-tetramethylethane-1,2-diammonium bromide (AzoPBT) for solubilizing PAHs in groundwater. The two surfactants' photosensitivity, surface properties, and solubilization/release ability for phenanthrene (Phe) and acenaphthylene (Ace) were studied in detail. Under UV-light irradiation for 15-20 s, the two surfactants can be converted from trans to cis, while cis-to-trans isomerization can be achieved under visible-light irradiation for 1 min. Compared to AzoPB, AzoPBT exhibited strong surface properties such as lower critical micelle concentration (0.52 mM), surface tension (γ, 28.94 mN·m-1), minimum area (Amin, 1.72 × 10-8 nm2), and higher maximum adsorption (Γmax, 96.55 mol·m-2). The solubility of Phe and Ace in the AzoPBT aqueous solution (12.84 and 14.27 mg/L) was much higher than that in the AzoPB aqueous solution (7.51 and 8.77 mg/L) and gradually increased as the surfactant concentration increased in both aqueous solutions. Compared to AzoPB, gemini surfactant AzoPBT exhibited stronger solubilization ability. After four cycles of cis-trans isomerization conversion, AzoPBT could still reduce the hydrophobicity of Phe in natural groundwater, although the solubility of Phe decreased slightly. Additionally, the release capacity of AzoPBT was significantly higher than that of AzoPB during the cyclic solubilization-release process. The results indicated that gemini photoresponsive surfactants should be preferable to conventional photoresponsive surfactants for groundwater remediation due to their higher solubilization and release efficiency for Phe in the cyclic solubilization and release process, which can improve repair efficiency, minimize secondary pollution, and reduce remediation costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Han
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Chaomeng Dai
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Duan
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
- Institute of Urban Studies, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, China
- Yangtze River Delta Urban Wetland Ecosystem National Field Observation and Research Station, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Yaojen Tu
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai 200234, P. R. China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Sáez P, García-Cervilla R, Santos A, Romero A, Lorenzo D. Treatment of a Complex Emulsion of a Surfactant with Chlorinated Organic Compounds from Lindane Wastes under Alkaline Conditions by Air Stripping. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023; 62:3282-3293. [PMID: 36853619 PMCID: PMC9951212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation is commonly applied in polluted sites with dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). This technique transfers the contamination from subsoil to an extracted emulsion, which requires further treatment. This work investigated the treatment of a complex emulsion composed of a nonionic surfactant and real DNAPL formed of chlorinated organic compounds (COCs) and generated as a lindane production waste by air stripping under alkaline conditions. The influence of the surfactant (1.5-15 g·L-1), COC concentrations (2.3-46.9 mmol·L-1), and temperature (30-60 °C) on the COC volatilization was studied and modeled in terms of an apparent constant of Henry at pH > 12. In addition, the surfactant stability was studied as a function of temperature (20-60 °C) and surfactant (2-10 g·L-1), COC (0-70.3 mmol·L-1), and NaOH (0-4 g·L-1) concentrations. A kinetic model was successfully proposed to explain the loss of surfactant capacity (SCL). The results showed that alkali and temperature caused the SCL by hydrolysis of the surfactant molecule. The increasing surfactant concentration decreased the COC volatility, whereas the temperature improved the COC volatilization. Finally, the volatilization of COCs in alkaline emulsions by air stripping (3 L·h-1) was performed to evaluate the treatment of an emulsion composed of the COCs (17.6 mmol·kg-1) and surfactant (3.5 and 7 g·L-1). The air stripping was successfully applied to remove COCs (>90%), reaching an SCL of 80% at 60 °C after 8 h. Volatilization can remove COCs from emulsions and break them, enhancing their further disposal.
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Zhu Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Chio C, Qin W, Li H. Surfactant-Containing Foam Effectively Enhanced the Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Heavily Contaminated Soil. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 110:50. [PMID: 36719501 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant remediation has an excellent record of removing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). By using simulation experiments, we investigated the properties and mechanism of a surfactant-containing foam and its effect on PAH removal. Our results suggest that the optimal conditions by foam washing are as follows: 40 mmol·L-1 of rhamnolipid and fulvic acid mixed surfactant (V: V = 3:1), with 70:3 and 20:3 foam gas-liquid ratio for naphthalene and phenanthrene, respectively (pH 6, 50°C, 2 h). Under the optimal conditions, 60.1% and 56.68% removal efficiencies were achieved against naphthalene and phenanthrene from contaminated soil, respectively. These values were lower than those from the simulated media (76.69% and 70.43% for naphthalene and phenanthrene, respectively). The strong PAH adsorption on the soil particles antagonized volatilization, the key PAH removal mechanism by foam leaching. Therefore, this research provides relevant information for using surfactant foam to remediate heavily PAH-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Zhu
- College of Environmental & Resources Sciences, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Yellow River Laboratory, 030006, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Xinrui Wang
- College of Environmental & Resources Sciences, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- College of Environmental & Resources Sciences, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chonlong Chio
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Wensheng Qin
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Hua Li
- College of Environmental & Resources Sciences, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China.
- Shanxi Yellow River Laboratory, 030006, Taiyuan, China.
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Cyclic solubilization and release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using gemini photosensitive surfactant combined with micro-nano bubbles: a promising enhancement technology for groundwater remediation. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.123042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Li S, Li S, Du K, Zhu J, Shang L, Zhang K. Synthesis and stability of switchable CO 2-responsive foaming coupled with nanoparticles. iScience 2022; 25:105091. [PMID: 36164653 PMCID: PMC9508482 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CO2-responsive foaming has been drawing huge attention due to its unique switching characteristics in academic research and industrial practices, whereas its stability remains questionable for further applications. In this paper, a new CO2-switchable foam was synthesized by adding the preferably selected hydrophilic nanoparticle N20 into the foaming agent C12A, through a series of analytical experiments. Overall, the synergy between cationic surfactants and nanoparticles with a contact angle of 37.83° is the best. More specifically, after adding 1.5 wt% N20, the half-life of foam is 14 times longer than that of pure C12A foam. What’s more, the C12A-N20 solution is validated to own distinctive CO2-N2 switching features because very slight foaming degradations are observed in terms of the foaming volume and half-life time even after three cycles of CO2-N2 injections. This study is of paramount importance pertaining to future CO2 foam research and applications in energy and environmental practices. Cationic surfactants have the best synergy with NPs with a contact angle of 37.83° The foam stability increased with the increase of NPs concentration CO2/N2 can control the foaming properties of C12A-N20 solution and are reversible
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development (China University of Petroleum (East China)), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266580, P. R. China.,School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Shaopeng Li
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Kexin Du
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China
| | - Liying Shang
- Engineering Technology Branch, CNOOC Energy Development Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300452, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqiang Zhang
- Institute of Energy, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Non-Ionic Surfactant Recovery in Surfactant Enhancement Aquifer Remediation Effluent with Chlorobenzenes by Semivolatile Chlorinated Organic Compounds Volatilization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127547. [PMID: 35742796 PMCID: PMC9223721 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation is a common treatment to remediate polluted sites with the inconvenience that the effluent generated must be treated. In this work, a complex mixture of chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzenes in a non-ionic surfactant emulsion has been carried out by volatilization. Since this techhnique is strongly affected by the presence of the surfactant, modifying the vapour pressure, Pv0, and activity coefficient, γ, a correlation between Pvj0γj and surfactant concentration and temperature was proposed for each compound, employing the Surface Response Methodology (RSM). Volatilization experiments were carried out at different temperatures and gas flow rates. A good agreement between experimental and predicted remaining SVCOCs during the air stripping process was obtained, validating the thermodynamic parameters obtained with RSM. Regarding the results of volatilization, at 60 °C 80% of SVCOCs were removed after 6 h, and the surfactant capacity was almost completely recovered so the solution can be recycled in soil flushing.
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Synthetic and Natural Surfactants for Potential Application in Mobilization of Organic Contaminants: Characterization and Batch Study. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14081182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the abilities of five sugar-based synthetic surfactants and biosurfactants from three different families (i.e., alkyl polyglycoside (APG), sophorolipid (SL), and rhamnolipid (RL)) to dissolve and mobilize non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) components, i.e., toluene and perchloroethylene (PCE), adsorbed on porous matrices. The objective of this study was to establish a benchmark for the selection of suitable surfactants for the flushing aquifer remediation technique. The study involved a physicochemical characterization of the surfactants to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMCs) and interfacial properties. Subsequently, a batch study, through the construction of adsorption isotherms, made it possible to evaluate the surfactants’ capacities in contaminant mobilization via the reduction of their adsorptions onto a reference adsorbent material, a pine wood biochar (PWB). The results indicate that a synthetic surfactant from the APG family with a long fatty acid chain and a di-rhamnolipid biosurfactant with a shorter hydrophobic group offered the highest efficiency values; they reduced water surface tension by up to 54.7% and 52%, respectively. These two surfactants had very low critical micelle concentrations (CMCs), 0.0071 wt% and 0.0173 wt%, respectively; this is critical from an economical point of view. The batch experiments showed that these two surfactants, at concentrations just five times their CMCs, were able to reduce the adsorption of toluene on PWB by up to 74% and 65%, and of PCE with APG and RL by up to 65% and 86%, respectively. In general, these results clearly suggest the possibility of using these two surfactants in surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation technology.
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Dai C, Han Y, Duan Y, Lai X, Fu R, Liu S, Leong KH, Tu Y, Zhou L. Review on the contamination and remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal soil and sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112423. [PMID: 34838568 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rapid economic and population growth in coastal areas is causing increasingly serious polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in these regions. This review compared the PAHs pollution characteristics of different coastal areas, including industrial zones, commercial ports, touristic cities, aquacultural & agricultural areas, oil & gas exploitation areas and megacities. Currently there are various treatment methods to remediate soils and sediments contaminated with PAHs. However, it is necessary to provide a comprehensive overview of all the available remediation technologies up to date, so appropriate technologies can be selected to remediate PAHs pollution. In view of that, we analyzed the characteristics of the remediation mechanism, summarized the remediation methods for soil or sediments in coastal areas, which were physical repair, chemical oxidation, bioremediation and integrated approaches. Besides, this review also reported the development of new multi-functional green and sustainable systems, namely, micro-nano bubble (MNB), biochar, reversible surfactants and peracetic acid. While physical repair, expensive but efficient, was regarded as a suitable method for the PAHs remediation in coastal areas because of land shortage, integrated approaches would produce better results. The ultimate aim of the review was to ensure the successful restructuring of PAHs contaminated soil and sediments in coastal areas. Due to the environment heterogeneity, PAHs pollution in coastal areas remains as a daunting challenge. Therefore, new and suitable technologies are still needed to address the environmental issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaomeng Dai
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yueming Han
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Yanping Duan
- Institute of Urban Studies, School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai, 200234, PR China; Yangtze River Delta Urban Wetland Ecosystem National Field Observation and Research Station, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Xiaoying Lai
- College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Rongbing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Shuguang Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Kah Hon Leong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar, 31900, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Yaojen Tu
- Institute of Urban Studies, School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai, 200234, PR China; Yangtze River Delta Urban Wetland Ecosystem National Field Observation and Research Station, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Lang Zhou
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 301 E. Dean Keeton St., Stop C1786, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Gao Y, Sinkkonen A, Li H, Oleszczuk P. Advances in agro-environmental organic contamination: An introduction to the Special Issue. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132071. [PMID: 34500329 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Aki Sinkkonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Horticulture Technologies, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4, Turku, Finland
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
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