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Heinonen-Tanski H. Arithmetic vs. Weighted Means in Fish Fillets Mercury Analyses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:758. [PMID: 38929004 PMCID: PMC11203440 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) analyses in species of fish are performed for two reasons: (1) to safeguard human health; and (2) to assess environmental quality, since different environmental changes may increase the Hg concentrations in fish. These analyses are important since both natural and human activities can increase these Hg concentrations, which can vary extensively, depending on the species, age and catching location. Hg-contaminated fish or other marine foodstuffs can be only detected by chemical analysis. If the aim of Hg analysis is to protect the health of marine food consumers, researcher workers must consider the location where the fish were caught and interpret the results accordingly. Health and environmental officials must appreciate that in specific places, local people may have a daily diet consisting entirely of fish or other marine foods, and these individuals should not be exposed to high concentrations of Hg. Regional and national health and environmental officials should follow the recent guidance of international organizations when drawing their final conclusions about whether the products are safe or unsafe to eat. Correct statistical calculations are not always carried out; so, too high Hg amounts could be presented, and fish eaters could be protected. This work has been conducted to show the differences in Hg concentrations between weighted (weighted with fish weights) and arithmetic means. Thus, the mean that is only weighted also includes the Hg content in fishes; so, the exposure to Hg can be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helvi Heinonen-Tanski
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Chen HC, Huang YF, Wu CT. Concentrations, compositional profiles, and health risks of benzophenones among the Taiwanese population based on analysis of 23 daily consumed foods. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134077. [PMID: 38574654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the occurrence and distribution of 11 benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters (BPs) in 893 food samples spanning 7 food categories in Taiwan. We conducted a Monte Carlo simulation to determine the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks of BPs. The results indicated that cornflakes had the highest mean level of BPs (103 ng/g), followed by bread (101 ng/g) and pastries (59 ng/g). BP was the most prevalent category, followed by 4-methylbenzophenone (4-MBP), 2-hydroxybenzophenone, and benzophenone-3. Estimation of the lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) of BP (average life expectancy of 80 years) placed them in the 50th and 97.5th percentiles [P50 (P97.5)] LTCR of 1.9 × 10-7 (5.7 × 10-6), indicating that BP in food poses a low renal hazard to the Taiwanese population. The noncarcinogenic risk of BPs was evaluated using a hazard quotient and combined margin of exposure (MOET), revealing a P50 (P97.5) hazard index of < 1 for BP, 4-MBP, and methyl-2-benzoylbenzoate. Although the P50 MOET values for all age groups were within the moderate range of concern, with a more conservative extreme (P2.5), the MOET values for the 0-3, 3-6, and 6-12 age groups fell below 100, indicating a high concern for renal degeneration and hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fang Huang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Ting Wu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Science Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zaman SF, Samms-Vaughan M, Saroukhani S, Bressler J, Hessabi M, Grove ML, Pellington SS, Loveland KA, Rahbar MH. Factors associated with blood mercury concentrations and their interactions with three glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1): an exposure assessment study of typically developing Jamaican children. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:14. [PMID: 38178055 PMCID: PMC10765857 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04452-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jamaican soil is abundant in heavy metals including mercury (Hg). Due to availability and ease of access, fish is a traditional dietary component in Jamaica and a significant source of Hg exposure. Mercury is a xenobiotic and known neuro-toxicant that affects children's neurodevelopment. Human glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes, including GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1, affect Hg conjugation and elimination mechanisms. METHODS In this exposure assessment study we used data from 375 typically developing (TD) 2-8-year-old Jamaican children to explore the association between environmental Hg exposure, GST genes, and their interaction effects on blood Hg concentrations (BHgCs). We used multivariable general linear models (GLMs). RESULTS We identified the child's age, consumption of saltwater fish, canned fish (sardine, mackerel), string beans, grain, and starches (pasta, macaroni, noodles) as the environmental factors significantly associated with BHgCs (all P < 0.05). A significant interaction between consumption of canned fish (sardine, mackerel) and GSTP1 in relation to BHgC using either a co-dominant or recessive genetic model (overall interaction P = 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively) indicated that consumption of canned fish (sardine, mackerel) was significantly associated with higher mean BHgC only among children with the GSTP1 Ile105Val, Ile/Ile [Ratio of mean Hg (95% CI) = 1.59 (1.09, 2.32), P = 0.02] and Ile/Val [Ratio of mean Hg (95% CI) = 1.46 (1.12, 1.91), P = 0.01] genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Since this is the first study from Jamaica to report these findings, replication in other populations is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Farzana Zaman
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences (EHGES), School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Maureen Samms-Vaughan
- Department of Child & Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Sepideh Saroukhani
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jan Bressler
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences (EHGES), School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Manouchehr Hessabi
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Megan L Grove
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences (EHGES), School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sydonnie Shakespeare Pellington
- Department of Child & Adolescent Health, The University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Katherine A Loveland
- Louis A Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Mohammad H Rahbar
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences (EHGES), School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Hafey MJ, Aleksunes LM, Bridges CC, Brouwer KR, Chien HC, Leslie EM, Hu S, Li Y, Shen J, Sparreboom A, Sprowl J, Tweedie D, Lai Y. Transporters and Toxicity: Insights from the International Transporter Consortium Workshop 4. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 112:527-539. [PMID: 35546260 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, significant progress been made in elucidating the role of membrane transporters in altering drug disposition, with important toxicological consequences due to changes in localized concentrations of compounds. The topic of "Transporters and Toxicity" was recently highlighted as a scientific session at the International Transporter Consortium (ITC) Workshop 4 in 2021. The current white paper is not intended to be an extensive review on the topic of transporters and toxicity but an opportunity to highlight aspects of the role of transporters in various toxicities with clinically relevant implications as covered during the session. This includes a review of the role of solute carrier transporters in anticancer drug-induced organ injury, transporters as key players in organ barrier function, and the role of transporters in metal/metalloid toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hafey
- ADME and Discovery Toxicology, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christy C Bridges
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Huan-Chieh Chien
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Elaine M Leslie
- Departments of Physiology and Lab Med and Path, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shuiying Hu
- Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jinshan Shen
- Relay Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jason Sprowl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Yurong Lai
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, California, USA
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Wang Y, Zhang W, Mhungu F, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Li Y, Luo X, Pan X, Huang J, Zhong X, Song S, Li H, Liu Y, Chen K. Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Chloramphenicol in Guangzhou, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168805. [PMID: 34444558 PMCID: PMC8391991 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chloramphenicol has been used in veterinary medicine, where its residues can remain in food of animal origin, thus potentially causing adverse health effects. This facilitated the ban for its use in food-producing animals globally, but its residues have remained ubiquitous. In this study, food commodities possibly contaminated with chloramphenicol, including livestock meat, poultry, edible viscera, fish, shrimp and crab, molluscs, milk, and eggs, were collected from domestic retail shops in all the 11 districts of Guangzhou and tested for its residue. Probabilistic risk assessment model calculations for its dietary exposure, and the margin of exposure (displayed as mean values and 5th percentile to 95th percentile ranges) were performed by using @RISK software based on a Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations. The results indicated the detection of chloramphenicol in 248 out of 1454 samples (17.1%), which averaged to a level of 29.1 μg/kg. The highest average value was observed in molluscs (148.2 μg/kg, with the top value as 8196 μg/kg); meanwhile, based on the dietary structure of a typical Cantonese, pond fish, pork, and poultry meat contributed most (about 80%) to the residents’ dietary exposure to chloramphenicol. The margin of exposure for dietary chloramphenicol exposure in Guangzhou residents was 2489, which was apparently below 5000 (the borderline for judging a health risk), particularly low in preschool children (2094, suggesting an increased risk). In conclusion, the study suggests that chloramphenicol exposure in Guangzhou residents is considerable, and its relevant health hazard, especially for preschool children, is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China; (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.P.); (J.H.); (X.Z.); (S.S.); (H.L.)
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China; (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.P.); (J.H.); (X.Z.); (S.S.); (H.L.)
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Florence Mhungu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Yuhua Zhang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China; (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.P.); (J.H.); (X.Z.); (S.S.); (H.L.)
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China; (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.P.); (J.H.); (X.Z.); (S.S.); (H.L.)
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Yan Li
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China; (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.P.); (J.H.); (X.Z.); (S.S.); (H.L.)
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Xiaoyan Luo
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China; (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.P.); (J.H.); (X.Z.); (S.S.); (H.L.)
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Xinhong Pan
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China; (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.P.); (J.H.); (X.Z.); (S.S.); (H.L.)
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China; (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.P.); (J.H.); (X.Z.); (S.S.); (H.L.)
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Xianwu Zhong
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China; (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.P.); (J.H.); (X.Z.); (S.S.); (H.L.)
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Shaofang Song
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China; (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.P.); (J.H.); (X.Z.); (S.S.); (H.L.)
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Hailin Li
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China; (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.P.); (J.H.); (X.Z.); (S.S.); (H.L.)
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Yungang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (K.C.); Tel.: +86-20-6164-8554 (Y.L.); +86-20-3605-5895 (K.C.)
| | - Kuncai Chen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China; (Y.W.); (W.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (X.P.); (J.H.); (X.Z.); (S.S.); (H.L.)
- Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University & Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (K.C.); Tel.: +86-20-6164-8554 (Y.L.); +86-20-3605-5895 (K.C.)
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