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Chen Z, Pignatello JJ. Analytical methods for selectively determining hydrogen peroxide, peroxymonosulfate and peroxydisulfate in their binary mixtures. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121256. [PMID: 38335843 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and peroxydisulfate (PDS) are key bulk oxidants in many advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for treating chemically contaminated water. In some systems these peroxides may coexist in solution either through intentional co-addition or their inadvertent formation (especially H2O2) due to reaction chemistry. While many analytical methods to determine these peroxides individually have been established, mutual interference among the peroxides in such methods has seldom been evaluated, and new methods or variants of established methods to selectively determine peroxides in binary mixtures are lacking. We re-examined five established colorimetric methods-the Permanganate, Titanium Oxalate (Ti-oxalate), Iodide, N.N‑diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD), and 2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) methods-for mutual interference among peroxides and devised variants of these methods for selectively quantifying one peroxide in the presence of another. Hydrogen peroxide can be selectively determined by the Permanganate method at short reaction time; by the Ti-oxalate method; by the DPD method with added peroxidase (POD); or by the ABTS method with added POD. PMS can be selectively determined by the Iodide method; by the DPD or ABTS methods with added iodide ion as catalyst; or by the DPD method with added catalase (CAT) (with co-existing H2O2 but not PDS). The DPD method can be used to determine PDS without interference by H2O2 and-provided the sample is pretreated with l-histidine-without interference by PMS. The recommended methods were successfully applied to binary peroxide mixtures in complex waters, including a tap water and a synthetic water. Overall, the new selective methods will assist mechanistic investigation of AOPs based on these peroxides and support efforts to apply them commercially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Chen
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Joseph J Pignatello
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06511, United States.
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Jiang X, Tan Z, Jiang G, Liu C, Gao G, Liu Z. Novel Magnetic MnFe 2O 4-Decorated Graphite-Like Porous Biochar as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Activation of Peroxydisulfate Toward Degradation of Rhodamine B. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6455-6465. [PMID: 38371805 PMCID: PMC10870279 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
A magnetic MnFe2O4-modified graphite-like porous biochar composite (MnFe2O4/KFS800) was synthesized by the hydrothermal method, and its catalytic activity was evaluated in the activation of peroxydisulfate toward degradation of Rhodamine B. After characterization by SEM, XRD, and the BET method, the specific surface area and total pore volume of the MnFe2O4/KFS800 catalyst reached 121 m2/g and 0.263 m3/g, and exhibited plate-like morphology with good crystallinity. The degradation rate of Rhodamine B by the obtained composite was more than 91.1% when the initial concentration of RhB was 10 mg/L, the dosage of MnFe2O4/KFS800 was 0.2 g/L, and the initial pH was 6.7. Then the anti-interference ability of the obtained composite was studied, and it was found that there was a little effect on the degradation of Rhodamine B with the presence of humic acid. Finally, quenching test, EPR research, and XPS analysis were conducted to reveal the catalytic mechanism, and possible mechanism was a synergistic behavior of free radicals (SO4•-, •OH, O2•-) and nonfree radicals (1O2), and trace amounts of uncarbonized bagasse was also involved in the formation of free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinde Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering
and Architecture, Nanchang Institute of
Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Zhuoru Tan
- School of Civil Engineering
and Architecture, Nanchang Institute of
Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Guixian Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering
and Architecture, Nanchang Institute of
Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Civil Engineering
and Architecture, Nanchang Institute of
Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Guiqing Gao
- School of Civil Engineering
and Architecture, Nanchang Institute of
Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Zhanmeng Liu
- School of Civil Engineering
and Architecture, Nanchang Institute of
Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
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Huang Y, Zou J, Lin J, Yang H, Wang M, Li J, Cao W, Yuan B, Ma J. ABTS as Both Activator and Electron Shuttle to Activate Persulfate for Diclofenac Degradation: Formation and Contributions of ABTS •+, SO 4•-, and •OH. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:18420-18432. [PMID: 36260114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The activation of peroxydisulfate (PDS) by organic compounds has attracted increasing attention. However, some inherent drawbacks including quick activator decomposition and poor anti-interference capacity limited the application of organic compound-activated PDS. It was interestingly found that 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) could act as both activator and electron shuttle for PDS activation to enhance diclofenac (DCF) degradation over a pH range of 2.0-11.0. Multiple reactive species of ABTS•+, •OH, and SO4•- were generated in the PDS/ABTS system, while only ABTS•+ and •OH directly contributed to DCF degradation. ABTS•+, generated via the reactions of ABTS with PDS, SO4•-, and •OH, was the dominant reactive species of DCF degradation. No significant decomposition of ABTS was observed in the PDS/ABTS system, and ABTS acted as both activator and electron shuttle. Four possible degradation pathways of DCF were proposed, and the toxicity of DCF decreased after treatment with the PDS/ABTS system. The PDS/ABTS system had good anti-interference capacity to common natural water constituents. Additionally, ABTS was encapsulated into cellulose to obtain ABTS@Ce beads, and the PDS/ABTS@Ce system possessed excellent performance on DCF degradation. This study proposes a new perspective to reconsider the mechanism of activating PDS with organic compounds and highlights the considerable contribution of organic radicals on contaminant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Huang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zou
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
| | - Jinbin Lin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
| | - Haoyu Yang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
| | - Mengyun Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang150090, P.R. China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
| | - Baoling Yuan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian361021, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun130118, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang150090, P.R. China
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Li J, Chen A, Meng Q, Xue H, Yuan B. A Novel Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Percarbonate by Using N, N-Diethyl-P-Phenylenediamine as an Indicator and Its Application in Activated Percarbonate Degradation of Ibuprofen. Molecules 2023; 28:7732. [PMID: 38067463 PMCID: PMC10708432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium percarbonate (SPC) concentration can be determined spectrophotometrically by using N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) as an indicator for the first time. The ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry absorbance of DPD•+ measured at 551 nm was used to indicate SPC concentration. The method had good linearity (R2 = 0.9995) under the optimized experimental conditions (pH value = 3.50, DPD = 4 mM, Fe2+ = 0.5 mM, and t = 4 min) when the concentration of SPC was in the range of 0-50 μM. The blank spiked recovery of SPC was 95-105%. The detection limit and quantitative limit were 0.7-1.0 μM and 2.5-3.3 μM, respectively. The absorbance values of DPD•+ remained stable within 4-20 min. The method was tolerant to natural water matrix and low concentration of hydroxylamine (<0.8 mM). The reaction stoichiometric efficiency of SPC-based advanced oxidation processes in the degradation of ibuprofen was assessed by the utilization rate of SPC. The DPD and the wastewater from the reaction were non-toxic to Escherichia coli. Therefore, the novel Fe2+/SPC-DPD spectrophotometry proposed in this work can be used for accurate and safe measurement of SPC in water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Honghai Xue
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China; (J.L.); (A.C.); (Q.M.); (B.Y.)
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Peng X, Yang Z, Hu F, Tan C, Pan Q, Dai H. Mechanistic investigation of rapid catalytic degradation of tetracycline using CoFe2O4@MoS2 by activation of peroxymonosulfate. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Lin J, Xiao J, Cai H, Huang Y, Li J, Yang H, Li T, Zou J. Multi-wavelength spectrophotometric determination of peracetic acid and the coexistent hydrogen peroxide via oxidative coloration of ABTS with the assistance of Fe 2+ and KI. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132242. [PMID: 34826929 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a multi-wavelength spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of peracetic acid (PAA) and coexistent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was presented. This method was based on the oxidation of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) with the assistance of Fe2+/KI to produce a stable green radical (ABTS●+), which could be determined at four characteristic peaks (i.e., 415 nm, 650 nm, 732 nm, and 820 nm). The absorbances of ABTS●+ at four peaks were well linear (R2 > 0.999) with concentrations of both total peroxides (PAA + H2O2) and PAA in the range of 0-40 μM under optimized conditions. The sensitivities for determining total peroxides at 415 nm, 650 nm, 732 nm and 820 nm were determined to be 4.248 × 104 M-1 cm-1, 1.682 × 104 M-1 cm-1, 2.132 × 104 M-1 cm-1, and 1.928 × 104 M-1 cm-1, respectively. For determining PAA, the corresponding sensitivities were 4.622 × 104 M-1 cm-1, 1.895 × 104 M-1 cm-1, 2.394 × 104 M-1 cm-1 and 2.153 × 104 M-1 cm-1, respectively. The concentration of coexistent H2O2 was gained by deducting PAA concentration from total peroxides concentration. The ABTS method was accurate enough to determine PAA concentration in natural water samples. Moreover, the ABTS method was successfully used to determine the changes of PAA and coexistent H2O2 and to distinguish their role on naproxen degradation in heat-activated PAA process. Overall, the ABTS method could be used as an alternative method for the convenient, rapid and sensitive determination of PAA and the coexistent H2O2 in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbin Lin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Junyang Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Hengyu Cai
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Yixin Huang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Haoyu Yang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China.
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7
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Kalogerakis GC, Boparai HK, Yang MI, Sleep BE. A high-throughput and cost-effective microplate reader method for measuring persulfates (peroxydisulfate and peroxymonosulfate). Talanta 2021; 240:123170. [PMID: 35007773 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Frequent use of persulfates as oxidants, for in situ chemical oxidation and advanced oxidation processes, warrants the need for developing a fast and efficient method for measuring persulfate concentrations in aqueous samples in the lab and on site. Here, we propose a modified method, based on Liang et al.'s (2008) spectrophotometric method, for measuring both peroxydisulfate (PDS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in the aqueous samples. Our method involves a deep 96-well plate, multi-channel pipettes, a small orbital shaker, and a microplate reader; allowing the preparation and analysis of up to 96 samples in one run. Our proposed method shortens the time by 10 folds, consumes only ∼2% of the original reagents, and generates only ∼2% of the liquid waste compared to the Liang et al.'s method, thus, making our method high-throughput, time-efficient, and cost-effective with reduced environmental impact. The presented microplate reader method is validated in terms of linearity, LOD, LOQ, accuracy, precision, robustness, and selectivity. All the parameters satisfied the acceptance criteria, according to ICH guidelines. The linearity of calibration curves was evaluated by performing the F-test. In general, our method has linear ranges from 20 to 42,000 and 5 to 40,960 μM for PDS and PMS, respectively. Accuracy (% recovery) results suggested that the LOD and LOQ based on the standard deviation of y-intercepts of the regression lines were the most reliable. The LOD/LOQ values for PDS and PMS were 14.7/44.1 and 4.6/14.4 μM, respectively. The proposed method was also modified to work with a standard cuvette spectrophotometer and was validated. A comparison with the UHPLC analysis of PDS showed that our microplate reader method performed equivalently or even outperformed the UHPLC method, in the presence of common groundwater constituents and organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina C Kalogerakis
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Hardiljeet K Boparai
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Minqing Ivy Yang
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Brent E Sleep
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A4, Canada.
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Saha J, Sarkar M, Mandal P, Pal A. Comparative Study of Heavy Metal Uptake and Analysis of Plant Growth Promotion Potential of Multiple Heavy Metal-Resistant Bacteria Isolated From Arable Land. Curr Microbiol 2021; 79:7. [PMID: 34905111 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02704-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal-induced pollution is a serious environmental concern. This study was aimed at exploring indigenous heavy metal-resistant and plant growth promoting bacteria from arable land that might be useful for developing green strategies to counter the challenges related to bioremediation and sustainable agriculture. A thorough screening and characterization of all the twenty heavy metal-resistant bacterial isolates obtained in this study was done. Of these, three potent isolates were further analyzed to unravel their heavy metal resistance and uptake potentiality. Minimum inhibitory concentration determination depicted considerable tolerance (≥ 500 µg/mL) of the three isolates to Ni, Zn, Fe, Cd, Cu, etc. Growth kinetics of the isolates in presence of various heavy metals indicated differences between normal and metal-induced growth. pH tolerance and pigmentation ability of the isolates were also analyzed. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry study revealed maximum Cd uptake by the isolates during exponential phase of growth. One of the isolates demonstrated plant growth promotion ability detected using different in vitro qualitative screening tests. Molecular identification using 16S rRNA depicted the isolates as strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This was the first study of heavy metal-resistant and plant growth promoting bacteria from this region. Further exploration of such multi metal-resistant indigenous bacteria may pave the way for designing effective strategies for bioremediation and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanti Saha
- Microbiology & Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Raiganj University, Raiganj, West Bengal, 733134, India
| | - Monalisha Sarkar
- Mycology & Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Raiganj University, Raiganj, West Bengal, 733134, India
| | - Parimal Mandal
- Mycology & Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Raiganj University, Raiganj, West Bengal, 733134, India
| | - Ayon Pal
- Microbiology & Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Raiganj University, Raiganj, West Bengal, 733134, India.
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Lin J, Zou J, Cai H, Huang Y, Li J, Xiao J, Yuan B, Ma J. Hydroxylamine enhanced Fe(II)-activated peracetic acid process for diclofenac degradation: Efficiency, mechanism and effects of various parameters. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 207:117796. [PMID: 34736001 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a commonly used reducing agent, hydroxylamine (HA), was introduced into Fe(II)/PAA process to improve its oxidation capacity. The HA/Fe(II)/PAA process possessed high oxidation performance for diclofenac degradation even with trace Fe(II) dosage (i.e., 1 μM) at pH of 3.0 to 6.0. Based on electron paramagnetic resonance technology, methyl phenyl sulfoxide (PMSO)-based probe experiments and alcohol quenching experiments, FeIVO2+ and carbon-centered radicals (R-O•) were considered as the primary reactive species responsible for diclofenac elimination. HA accelerated the redox cycle of Fe(III)/Fe(II) and itself was gradually decomposed to N2, N2O, NO2- and NO3-, and the environmentally friendly gas of N2 was considered as the major decomposition product of HA. Four possible degradation pathways of diclofenac were proposed based on seven detected intermediate products. Both elevated dosages of Fe(II) and PAA promoted diclofenac removal. Cl-, HCO3- and SO42- had negligible impacts on diclofenac degradation, while humic acid exhibited an inhibitory effect. The oxidation capacity of HA/Fe(II)/PAA process in natural water matrices and its application to degrade various micropollutants were also investigated. This study proposed a promising strategy for improving the Fe(II)/PAA process and highlighted its potential application in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbin Lin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.
| | - Hengyu Cai
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Yixin Huang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Junyang Xiao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Baoling Yuan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Utilization and Pollution Control, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, China
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Liu X, Xu P, Fu Q, Li R, He C, Yao W, Wang L, Xie S, Xie Z, Ma J, He Q, Crittenden JC. Strong degradation of orange II by activation of peroxymonosulfate using combination of ferrous ion and zero-valent copper. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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11
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Pang Z, Cai Y, Xiong W, Xiao J, Zou J. A spectrophotometric method for measuring permanganate index (COD Mn) by N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:128936. [PMID: 33223208 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new spectrophotometric method for measuring permanganate index (chemical oxygen demand using potassium permanganate (KMnO4) as oxidant, CODMn) in water was established. The method was based on the rapid oxidation of N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) by residual KMnO4 in digestion solution under neutral pH condition to form the stable pink radical (DPD●+). Only 20 s were enough to form the pink DPD●+. The generated DPD●+ could be quantitatively measured by a visible spectrophotometer at 551 nm. Stoichiometric coefficient of the reaction between KMnO4 and DPD was close to 1:5 (1:5.07). There was a well linear relationship (R2 = 0.999) between the change of the absorbance of DPD●+ at 551 nm and the concentration of CODMn in the range of 0-4.46 mg L-1. Limit of detection of the DPD method was as low as 0.02 mg L-1 CODMn. The DPD method was highly accurate for measuring CODMn in standard solutions with well recovery rates of 99.17%-102.22%, and was well tolerant to the interference of coexistent Cl- and Fe3+. The DPD method was successfully applied for measuring CODMn in real water samples, including surface water, underground water and drinking water. In comparison to the traditional titration method, the proposed DPD method was more convenient to operate, required less samples and digestion reagents (i.e., KMnO4 and H2SO4) and could be employed for online monitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Pang
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China; School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Yajuan Cai
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Weihao Xiong
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China
| | - Junyang Xiao
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, PR China
| | - Jing Zou
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, PR China.
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