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Bin Lukangila MA, Tabu HI, Mugisho DB, Lubobo AK, Mbuyi Wa Mbombo AK. Evaluating the effects of manual hoeing and selective herbicides on maize ( Zea mays L.) productivity and profitability. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33294. [PMID: 39027551 PMCID: PMC11255669 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate maize production and the economic profitability of weed management techniques. Field trials were conducted at the Kasapa farm during the 2021/22 growing seasons using a split-plot design with three repetitions. The main factor was the herbicides applied in pre-emergence alone (2L ha-1: acetochlor, bentazon, imazethapyr and 60 g ha-1 chlorimuron-ethyl), then mixed (1L ha-1: acetochlor plus bentazon plus imazethapyr plus 30g ha-1chlorimuron-ethyl), manual hoeing (3-5WAS) including the non-weeding. The secondary factor: maize varieties (GV672A, GV673A, GV664A and Sam4vita). The highest maize dry grain yield (7.66 t ha-1) was associated with imazethapyr, while those of acetochlor and chlorimuron-ethyl (6.86 and 6.92 t ha-1) compared to manual hoeing (7.62 t ha-1, respectively) were low, but much higher than no weeding (1.21 t ha-1). The yields of varieties GV672A and GV664A were higher (6.87 and 6.77 t ha-1), compared to Sam4vita (5.64 t ha-1). The total dry weight of weeds was negatively correlated with all crop parameters, with its maximum value (127.56 g m-2) characterizing non-weeding, and the minimum for manual hoeing (18.83 g m-2). The Ratio Cost Value showed that all treatments were profitable: imazethapyr > bentazon > chlorimuron-ethyl > combination > acetochlor > manual hoeing. However, imazethapyr was economically more profitable and could replace manual hoeing when the field to be weeded increases and labor is scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mick Assani Bin Lukangila
- Unité de Recherche en Défense et Protection des Cultures, Department of Crops Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Université de Lubumbashi, PO Box 1825, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Hugues Ilunga Tabu
- Unité de Recherche en Amélioration des Plantes Cultivées, Department of Crops Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Université de Lubumbashi, PO Box 1825, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - David Bugeme Mugisho
- Unité de Recherche en Défense et Protection des Cultures, Department of Crops Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Université de Lubumbashi, PO Box 1825, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Antoine Kanyenga Lubobo
- Unité de Recherche en Amélioration des Plantes Cultivées, Department of Crops Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Université de Lubumbashi, PO Box 1825, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Programme CIAT-HarvestPlus, PO Box 1860, Bukavu, Sud-Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Adrien Kalonji Mbuyi Wa Mbombo
- Unité de Recheche en Phytopathologie, Department of Crops Sciences, Faculty of Agronomy, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Regional Nuclear Energy Center, Kinshasa (CRENK), PO Box 868, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Wang H, Sun J, Liu Q, Li C, Luan Y. Dissipation and Dietary Risk Assessment of Prochloraz in Strawberries under Greenhouse Conditions. Molecules 2023; 28:7498. [PMID: 38005220 PMCID: PMC10672735 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prochloraz and its metabolites in strawberries have not been determined until now. Meanwhile, few reports in the literature have concerned the dissipation behavior and risk assessment of prochloraz and its metabolites in strawberries under greenhouse conditions in Beijing. A method for the determination of prochloraz and its metabolites in strawberries was developed using QuEChERS in combination with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Prochloraz and its metabolites recovered from strawberries were present in concentrations of 73.06% to 116.01%, their RSDs ranged from 1.12% to 9.17%, and their limits of detection ranged from 0.1 to 1 μg kg-1. Then, a study was conducted on the dissipation of prochloraz in strawberries under greenhouse conditions. The dissipation of prochloraz in strawberries followed the first-order kinetic equation, and its half-life was 8.06 days. The health risk associated with prochloraz in strawberries was evaluated using the target hazard quotient (THQ) method and EFSA PRIMo model. The results showed that the THQ values, %ARfD values, and %ADI values were less than 1. These results indicate that no health concerns of prochloraz are associated with the consumption of the studied strawberries. The government can use the results of this study to support the establishment of a maximum residue level for prochloraz in strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.W.)
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;
| | - Qingju Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.W.)
| | - Cheng Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.W.)
| | - Yunxia Luan
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.W.)
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Mendaš G, Milićević T, Fingler S, Drevenkar V, Romanić SH, Popović A, Relić D. Human health risk assessment based on direct and indirect exposure to endocrine disrupting herbicides in drinking, ground, and surface water in Croatia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:106330-106341. [PMID: 37726632 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29561-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The recognition of certain herbicides as endocrine disrupting compounds has raised concerns due to their ability to interfere with the normal functioning of the endocrine system, which regulates various physiological processes in organisms. The objective of this study was to assess the possible human health risks associated with terbuthylazine and endocrine-disrupting herbicides atrazine, acetochlor, and metolachlor in the drinking, surface, and groundwater of the Zagreb city region, Croatia. We relied on advanced statistical methods and principal component analysis (PCA), which revealed higher levels of atrazine and acetochlor in drinking and groundwater samples and higher presence of metolachlor and terbuthylazine in surface waters. To evaluate the danger to human health, various exposure scenarios have been assessed. The risk of direct human exposure to analyzed herbicides through drinking or bathing with drinking (tap) or groundwater, as well as from recreational activities like swimming in rivers, streams, and lakes, has been quantified. In addition to these direct exposure scenarios, indirect ones based on consumer goods, fruits, and vegetables, treated with surface and groundwater for irrigation, were assessed to investigate the danger to human health. Judging by the reported herbicide levels there was no significant risk of carcinogenic (CR ≤ 1 × 10-6) or non-carcinogenic (HI < 1) diseases, not even when we assessed the so-called "cocktail effect" of combined the herbicide exposure in different waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Mendaš
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, PO Box 291, 10001, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tijana Milićević
- Environmental Physics Laboratory, Institute of Physics Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sanja Fingler
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, PO Box 291, 10001, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlasta Drevenkar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, PO Box 291, 10001, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Herceg Romanić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska Cesta 2, PO Box 291, 10001, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Popović
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dubravka Relić
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Wang WG, Li MY, Diao L, Zhang C, Tao LM, Zhou WX, Xu WP, Zhang Y. The health risk of acetochlor metabolite CMEPA is associated with lipid accumulation induced liver injury. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121857. [PMID: 37245791 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Liver injury may cause many diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Acetochlor is one of the representative chloroacetamide herbicides, and its metabolite 2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methyl phenyl) acetamide (CMEPA) is the main form of exposure in the environment. It has been shown that acetochlor can cause mitochondrial damage of HepG2 cells and induce apoptosis by activating Bcl/Bax pathway (Wang et al., 2021). But there has been less research on CMEPA. we explored the possibility of CMEPA and liver injury through biological experiments. In vivo, CMEPA (0-16 mg/L) induced liver damage in zebrafish larvae, including increased lipid droplets, changes in liver morphology (>1.3-fold) and increased TC/TG content (>2.5-fold). In vitro, we selected L02 (human normal liver cells) as the model, and explored its molecular mechanism. We found that CMEPA (0-160 mg/L) induced apoptosis (similar to 40%), mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress in L02 cells. CMEPA induced intracellular lipid accumulation by inhibiting AMPK/ACC/CPT-1A signaling pathway and activating SREBP-1c/FAS signaling pathway. Our study provides evidence of a link between CMEPA and liver injury. This raises concerns regarding the health risks of pesticide metabolites to liver health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Guo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Mu-Yao Li
- Research Center for Econophysics, School of Business, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lin Diao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, United States
| | - Li-Ming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wei-Xing Zhou
- Research Center for Econophysics, School of Business, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Wen-Ping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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Yang J, Cheng X, Zhang S, Ye Q. Superabsorbent hydrogel as a formulation to promote mineralization and accelerate degradation of acetochlor in soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 440:129777. [PMID: 36007361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The excessive use of herbicides had caused serious environmental pollution and ecological problems. Therefore, it is imperative to explore an effective method to reduce herbicide residues and pollution. In the present study, we used superabsorbent hydrogels coated 14C-acetochlor (SH-ACE) to investigate its behavior in different soils under oxic conditions. After 100 days, the mineralization by SH-ACE was increased by 2.3%, 2.5% and 3.3% in the red clay soils, fluvio-marine yellow loamy soils and coastal saline soils, respectively, compared to the control group. This result indicated that the SH-ACE treatment resulted in more complete degradation and detoxification of acetochlor. In addition, the dissipation rates of acetochlor were significantly faster in the SH-ACE treatment, which reduced the persistence of acetochlor. The probable degradation pathways of acetochlor involved dechlorination, hydroxylation, deethoxymethylation, and the formation of thioacetic acid derivatives in the two treatments, but the contents of transformation products were completely different. These findings suggest that the SH-ACE treatment has a significant effect to accelerate the degradation of acetochlor. When developing green pesticides, we emphasize that superabsorbent hydrogel coating treatment should be considered as a promising method for ecological safety in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Yang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Xi Cheng
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Sufen Zhang
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Qingfu Ye
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC and Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Lu Q, Shen Z, Zheng K, Chang Q, Xue J, Wu X. Estimating the bioavailability of acetochlor to wheat using in situ pore water and passive sampling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155239. [PMID: 35421494 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of acetochlor in China leads to its extensive existence in soil which may result in contamination of crops and commodities. Therefore, it is vital to assess the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of acetochlor to crops. In this study, four measurements involved in in situ pore water extraction (CIPW), passive sampling extraction (Cfree), ex situ pore water extraction (CEPW), and organic solvent extraction (Csoil) were conducted to assess the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of acetochlor to wheat plant plants in five soils. The results showed that the acetochlor concentrations accumulated in wheat foliage and roots were in the range of 0.11-0.87 mg/kg and 0.09-2.02 mg/kg in the five tested soils, respectively, and had a significant correlation with the acetochlor values analyzed by CIPW (R2 = 0.83-0.90, p < 0.0001) or the Cfree method (R2 = 0.86-0.92, p < 0.0001). The acetochlor concentrations in the five soils measured by these two methods were also correlated with the IC50 values of acetochlor in wheat foliage and roots (R2 > 0.69, p ≤ 0.05). The results indicated that the CIPW and Cfree methods were effective in evaluating acetochlor toxicity to wheat and the acetochlor concentrations in wheat. The effects of soil physical and chemical properties including pH, organic matter content (OMC), clay content, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) on the acetochlor toxicity to wheat were analyzed, and soil OMC was found to be the dominant factor affecting the toxicity of acetochlor in the soil-wheat system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Kaiyuan Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qing Chang
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jiaying Xue
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Safety of Anhui Province, Hefei 230036, China.
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PANASENKO S, SEYFULLAEVA M, REBEZOV M, RAMAZANOV I, MAYOROVA E, NIKISHIN A, PANKINA T, LEONOVA J, KHAYRULLIN M, AL-MAWLAWI ZS. Study on herbicide residues in soybean processing based on UPLC-MS/MS detection. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maksim REBEZOV
- V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
| | | | - Elena MAYOROVA
- Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Julia LEONOVA
- Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Russian Federation
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Parvulescu VI, Epron F, Garcia H, Granger P. Recent Progress and Prospects in Catalytic Water Treatment. Chem Rev 2021; 122:2981-3121. [PMID: 34874709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Presently, conventional technologies in water treatment are not efficient enough to completely mineralize refractory water contaminants. In this context, the implementation of catalytic processes could be an alternative. Despite the advantages provided in terms of kinetics of transformation, selectivity, and energy saving, numerous attempts have not yet led to implementation at an industrial scale. This review examines investigations at different scales for which controversies and limitations must be solved to bridge the gap between fundamentals and practical developments. Particular attention has been paid to the development of solar-driven catalytic technologies and some other emerging processes, such as microwave assisted catalysis, plasma-catalytic processes, or biocatalytic remediation, taking into account their specific advantages and the drawbacks. Challenges for which a better understanding related to the complexity of the systems and the coexistence of various solid-liquid-gas interfaces have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile I Parvulescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, University of Bucharest, B-dul Regina Elisabeta 4-12, Bucharest 030016, Romania
| | - Florence Epron
- Université de Poitiers, CNRS UMR 7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Hermenegildo Garcia
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Politencia de Valencia, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pascal Granger
- CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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Huang T, Wang S, Souders CL, Ivantsova E, Wengrovitz A, Ganter J, Zhao YH, Cheng H, Martyniuk CJ. Exposure to acetochlor impairs swim bladder formation, induces heat shock protein expression, and promotes locomotor activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:112978. [PMID: 34794026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acetochlor is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, however, there are few data on the sub-lethal effects of acetochlor on early developmental stages of fish. To address this, we measured survival, deformity, swim bladder formation, embryo oxygen consumption rates, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, transcripts (related to swim bladder formation, oxidative damage response, and apoptosis) and behavior responses following exposure to acetochlor (0.001 µM up to 125 µM). Exposure to acetochlor at concentrations 50 µM and above exerted 100% mortality after 3 dpf, and significantly reduced the size of the swim bladder (25 µM). In embryos, basal respiration, oligomycin-induced ATP production, and maximal respiration were decreased 30-60% following a 24 h exposure to 125 μM acetochlor. Acetochlor did not affect ROS levels up to 25 µM in larvae with acute exposure. Acetochlor at 25 µM increased mRNA levels of bax1, hsp70, and hsp90a by ~4-fold in larval zebrafish. In both the visual motor response and light-dark preference test, 25 µM acetochlor increased locomotor activity of larval fish. At lower exposure concentrations, 100 and 1000 nM acetochlor increased the mean time spent in the dark zone, suggesting promotion of anxiolytic behavior. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of sublethal effects of acetochlor, spanning molecular responses to behavior, which can be used to refine risk assessment decisions for aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Christopher L Souders
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Emma Ivantsova
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Andrew Wengrovitz
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jade Ganter
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yuan H Zhao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130117, PR China
| | - Hongguang Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences and Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; University of Florida Genetics Institute, Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, USA.
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Wang S, Zhang Y, Gao J, Zhang J, Tao L, Xu W. The enantioselective study of the toxicity effects of chiral acetochlor in HepG2 cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 218:112261. [PMID: 33964548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acetochlor is one of the most widely used chiral herbicides in the world, and it is usually produced and used as racemic form (Rac). The potential effects of acetochlor in human body are mainly induced by its residue in agriculture food. The direct target exposed is the liver in human body. However, the potential toxic and mechanism threat to human liver cells caused by chiral acetochlor has been rarely reported. The purpose of this study is to explore the potential mechanism of the toxicity caused by chiral acetochlor in HepG2 cells. The results revealed that acetochlor and its enantiomers could inhibit cell activity and cause DNA damage in HepG2 cells. The toxicity of Rac was higher than that of the two enantiomers, mainly derived from S configuration. The mechanism is through inducing decreased membrane potential (△Ψ), up-regulated Bax/BcL-2 expression, caused a cascade reaction, activated casepase-3 and casepase-9 and cleaved PARP, which maybe lead to cell death through apoptotic-signaling pathway in the end. These results illuminate that the genotoxic and cytotoxic risks of chiral acetochlor are major coming from S configuration. It provides a theoretical basis for the production of single pesticide to reduce the effects of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jufang Gao
- College of Life, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | | | - Liming Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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