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Brião GDV, da Costa TB, Antonelli R, Costa JM. Electrochemical processes for the treatment of contaminant-rich wastewater: A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141884. [PMID: 38575083 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Global water demand and environmental concerns related to climate change require industries to develop high-efficiency wastewater treatment methods to remove pollutants. Likewise, toxic pollutants present in wastewater negatively affect the environment and human health, requiring effective treatment. Although conventional treatment processes remove carbon and nutrients, they are insufficient to remove pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and plasticizers. Electrochemical processes effectively remove pollutants from wastewater through the mineralization of non-biodegradable pollutants with consequent conversion into biodegradable compounds. Its advantages include easy operation, versatility, and short reaction time. In this way, this review initially provides a global water scenario with a view to the future. It comprises global demand, treatment methods, and pollution of water resources, addressing various contaminants such as heavy metals, nutrients, organic compounds, and emerging contaminants. Subsequently, the fundamentals of electrochemical treatments are presented as well as electrochemical treatments, highlighting the latest studies involving electrocoagulation, electroflocculation, electroflotation, capacitive deionization and its derivatives, eletrodeionization, and electrochemical advanced oxidation process. Finally, the challenges and perspectives were discussed. In this context, electrochemical processes have proven promising and effective for the treatment of water and wastewater, allowing safe reuse practices and purification with high contaminant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giani de Vargas Brião
- Center of Research on Science and Technology of BioResources, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Trabalhador São Carlense Ave, 400, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Raissa Antonelli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of São Paulo, Prof. Luciano Gualberto Ave, tr. 3, 380, São Paulo 05508-010, SP, Brazil
| | - Josiel Martins Costa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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2
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Trench AB, Fernandes CM, Moura JPC, Lucchetti LEB, Lima TS, Antonin VS, de Almeida JM, Autreto P, Robles I, Motheo AJ, Lanza MRV, Santos MC. Hydrogen peroxide electrogeneration from O 2 electroreduction: A review focusing on carbon electrocatalysts and environmental applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141456. [PMID: 38367878 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stands as one of the foremost utilized oxidizing agents in modern times. The established method for its production involves the intricate and costly anthraquinone process. However, a promising alternative pathway is the electrochemical hydrogen peroxide production, accomplished through the oxygen reduction reaction via a 2-electron pathway. This method not only simplifies the production process but also upholds environmental sustainability, especially when compared to the conventional anthraquinone method. In this review paper, recent works from the literature focusing on the 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction promoted by carbon electrocatalysts are summarized. The practical applications of these materials in the treatment of effluents contaminated with different pollutants (drugs, dyes, pesticides, and herbicides) are presented. Water treatment aiming to address these issues can be achieved through advanced oxidation electrochemical processes such as electro-Fenton, solar-electro-Fenton, and photo-electro-Fenton. These processes are discussed in detail in this work and the possible radicals that degrade the pollutants in each case are highlighted. The review broadens its scope to encompass contemporary computational simulations focused on the 2-electron oxygen reduction reaction, employing different models to describe carbon-based electrocatalysts. Finally, perspectives and future challenges in the area of carbon-based electrocatalysts for H2O2 electrogeneration are discussed. This review paper presents a forward-oriented viewpoint of present innovations and pragmatic implementations, delineating forthcoming challenges and prospects of this ever-evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline B Trench
- Centre of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC. Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Machado Fernandes
- Centre of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC. Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo C Moura
- Centre of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC. Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Lanna E B Lucchetti
- Centre of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC. Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Thays S Lima
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S Antonin
- Centre of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC. Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - James M de Almeida
- Ilum Escola de Ciência - Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Brazil
| | - Pedro Autreto
- Centre of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC. Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Irma Robles
- Center for Research and Technological Development in Electrochemistry, S.C., Parque Tecnologico Queretaro, 76703, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Artur J Motheo
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Marcos R V Lanza
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Mauro C Santos
- Centre of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC. Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
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3
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Vinayagam V, Palani KN, Ganesh S, Rajesh S, Akula VV, Avoodaiappan R, Kushwaha OS, Pugazhendhi A. Recent developments on advanced oxidation processes for degradation of pollutants from wastewater with focus on antibiotics and organic dyes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117500. [PMID: 37914013 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The existence of various pollutants in water environment contributes to global pollution and poses significant threats to humans, wildlife, and other living beings. The emergence of an effective, realistic, cost-effective, and environmentally acceptable technique to treat wastewater generated from different sectors is critical for reducing pollutant accumulation in the environment. The electrochemical advanced oxidation method is a productive technology for treating hazardous effluents because of its potential benefits such as lack of secondary pollutant and high oxidation efficiency. Recent researches on advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in the period of 2018-2022 are highlighted in this paper. This review emphasizes on recent advances in electro-oxidation (EO), ozone oxidation, sonolysis, radiation, electro-Fenton (EF), photolysis and photocatalysis targeted at treating pharmaceuticals, dyes and pesticides polluted effluents. In the first half of the review, the concept of the AOPs are discussed briefly. Later, the influence of increasing current density, pH, electrode, electrolyte and initial concentration of effluents on degradation are discussed. Lastly, previously reported designs of electrochemical reactors, as well as data on intermediates generated and energy consumption during the electro oxidation and Fenton processes are discussed. According to the literature study, the electro-oxidation technique is more appropriate for organic compounds, whilst the electro-Fenton technique appear to be more appropriate for more complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Vinayagam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | | | - Sudha Ganesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Siddharth Rajesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Vedha Varshini Akula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Ramapriyan Avoodaiappan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Omkar Singh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600036, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
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4
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Clematis D, Skolotneva E, Cademartori D, Panizza M. Impact of catalyst, chelating agent and light irradiation on electro-Fenton performance under not optimal conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140408. [PMID: 37827461 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Electro-Fenton is a promising game-changer for distributed wastewater treatments for the removal of recalcitrant compounds that it is possible to find in industrial effluent and looking for a water reuse approach. This electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOPs) is able to provide fast removal of organic compounds, like dyes, due to the in-situ H2O2 production and its reaction with Fe2+ to form hydroxyl radicals. The literature clearly reports that this reaction reaches its optimum in acid conditions (pH = 3) and low catalyst concentrations [Fe2+<0.5 mM]. This paper wants to investigate the effects of the shifting from optimal conditions on the removal of reactive black 5 (RB5), treating solutions which contain a higher amount of catalyst and a less acid pH. Textile effluents usually contain also other metals able to act as catalyst for Fenton reaction, like copper. Here its activity has been investigated as well as the possible synergistic effect with Fe2+. The results confirm that copper can enhance RB5 removal, especially in those conditions critical for ferrous cation. In the second part, possible process modifications to overcome the issues introduced by unfavourable operating conditions (pH > 3 and Fe2+ > 0.5 mM) are considered, such as the usage of a chelating agent (EDTA) and the application of a light source. The results show the positive impact of these two system modifications highlighting the possibility to enlarge the application window of electro-Fenton systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Clematis
- University of Genoa, Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Via All'Opera Pia 15, 16145, Genova, Italy
| | - Ekaterina Skolotneva
- University of Genoa, Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Via All'Opera Pia 15, 16145, Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Cademartori
- University of Genoa, Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Via All'Opera Pia 15, 16145, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Panizza
- University of Genoa, Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Via All'Opera Pia 15, 16145, Genova, Italy.
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Khan H, Hussain S, Ud Din MA, Arshad M, Wahab F, Hassan U, Khan A. Multiple design and modelling approaches for the optimisation of carbon felt electro-Fenton treatment of dye laden wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139510. [PMID: 37454991 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study utilizes artificial intelligence and statistical modelling to optimize the operating parameters of a carbon-based electro-Fenton process for purifying model dye (RB19)-contaminated wastewater. Multilevel experimental Box-Behnken and uniform deisgns (BBD, UD) with four variables were analysed using polynomial regression analysis (PRA) and artificial neural networks (ANN), while the process optimisation was done using desirability function. For the given testing range but different design matrices and runs, both designs predicted a maximum RB19 removal (RB19-RR) of 90 ± 2.1% at lowest energy consumption (EC) of 0.44 ± 2.5 Wh, when voltage, Na2SO4, FeSO4, and time were maintained as follows: 4-5.3 V, 7-11 mM, 0.4-0.6 mM, and 35-40 min, respectively. All the design-model combinations portrayed the similar senitivity analyses, revealing that RB19 degradation and EC are primarily influenced by electrolysis time and voltage. The performance assessment demonstrated that all the design-model combinations also excellently predicted for unseen conditions as the maximum root mean squared error (RMSE) value for RB19-RR was 4.07, while it was 0.072 for EC, however, BBD-ANN performance proved to be slightly better than others. Having ∼57% less experimentation, UD based models managed to accurately predict the results for unseen conditions as the statistical errors were quite insignificant, even in some cases, RMSE found to be less for UD compared to BBD, elucidating the potential of uniform design as an alternative of conventional factorial designs. Nevertheless, the prediction accuracy is also dependent on modelling approach, as in some cases ANN failed to predict the response precisely specially when dealing with small data. Furthermore, techno-economic evaluation results spell out the efficacy of carbon felt based enhanced electro-Fenton process as promising environmental remediation technology and highlight its practical implication from view of operational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Khan
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Amad Ud Din
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Wahab
- Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan
| | - Usman Hassan
- Integrated Business Planning Department, My Clinic International Medical Company, Prince Sultan Road, PO Box 260, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abad Khan
- EHS Department, Unilever, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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6
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Vigil-Castillo HH, Ruiz-Ruiz EJ, López-Velázquez K, Hinojosa-Reyes L, Gaspar-Ramírez O, Guzmán-Mar JL. Assessment of photo electro-Fenton and solar photo electro-Fenton processes for the efficient degradation of asulam herbicide. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139585. [PMID: 37478989 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of asulam herbicide by photo electro-Fenton (PEF) and solar photo electro-Fenton (SPEF) processes was studied using an undivided electrochemical BDD/carbon-felt cell to generate H2O2 continuously. A central composite design combined with response surface methodology was applied to determine the optimal operating conditions of current intensity = 0.30 A, [Fe2+] = 0.3 mM, and [Na2SO4] = 0.11 M at pH 3 to achieve the complete degradation of asulam by electro-Fenton. Subsequently, the SPEF process was more efficient treatment compared to PEF, achieving a complete degradation of asulam and 98% of mineralization in 180 min. Moreover, 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide, 4-aminophenol, and 4-benzoquinone were detected as aromatic intermediates, whereas acetic acid, oxalic acid, and NO3- ions were identified as final degradation by-products. Thus, the SPEF process is an efficient alternative for the complete degradation and mineralization of herbicide asulam in an aqueous solution under natural sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor H Vigil-Castillo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, C.P. 66455, San Nicolás de Los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Edgar J Ruiz-Ruiz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, C.P. 66455, San Nicolás de Los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Khirbet López-Velázquez
- Universidad Politécnica de Tapachula, Carretera Tapachula - Puerto Madero, Km. 24 + 300, CP 30830, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Laura Hinojosa-Reyes
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, C.P. 66455, San Nicolás de Los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | - Octavio Gaspar-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Sede Noreste, Vía de La Innovación 404, Autopista Monterrey-Aeropuerto Km 10, Parque, PIIT, C.P. 66628, Apodaca, Nuevo León, México
| | - Jorge L Guzmán-Mar
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, C.P. 66455, San Nicolás de Los Garza, Nuevo León, México.
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7
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Nasab EA, Nasseh N, Damavandi S, Amarzadeh M, Ghahrchi M, Hoseinkhani A, Alver A, Khan NA, Farhadi A, Danaee I. Efficient purification of aqueous solutions contaminated with sulfadiazine by coupling electro-Fenton/ultrasound process: optimization, DFT calculation, and innovative study of human health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:84200-84218. [PMID: 37365361 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In the current work, the hybrid process potential of ultrasound (US) and electro-Fenton (EF), named sono-electro-Fenton (SEF), was fully investigated for sulfadiazine (SDZ) degradation. The decontamination in the integration approach was revealed to be greater than in individual procedures, i.e., EF process (roughly 66%) and US process (roughly 15%). The key operating process factors (i.e., applied voltage, H2O2 content, pH, initial concentration of SDZ, and reaction time) affecting SDZ removal were evaluated and optimized using Box-Behnken Design (BBD). In addition, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) as an efficient predictive model was applied to forecast the decontamination efficiency of SDZ through the SEF process based on the same findings produced from BBD. The results revealed that the predictability of SDZ elimination by the ANFIS and BBD approaches exhibited an excellent agreement (a greater R2 of 0.99%) among the both models. Density functional theory was also employed to forecast the plausible decomposition elucidation by the bond-breaking mechanism of organic substances. Plus, the main side products of SDZ degradation during the SEF process were tracked. Eventually, the non-carcinogenic risk assessment of different samples of natural water containing SDZ that was treated by adopting US, EF, and SEF processes was examined for the first time. The findings indicated that the non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) values of all the purified water sources were computed in the permissible range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Abbasi Nasab
- Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, Iran
| | - Negin Nasseh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Sobhan Damavandi
- Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, Iran
| | - Mohamadamin Amarzadeh
- Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, Iran
| | - Mina Ghahrchi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Iran
| | - Atefeh Hoseinkhani
- Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, Iran
| | - Alper Alver
- Department of Environmental Protection Technologies, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Aksaray University, 68100, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Nadeem A Khan
- Civil Engineering Department Mewat Engineering College, Nuh Haryana, India, 122107
| | - Asadollah Farhadi
- Ahwaz Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, Iran
| | - Iman Danaee
- Abadan Faculty of Petroleum Engineering, Petroleum University of Technology, Abadan, Iran.
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Brillas E. Solar photoelectro-Fenton: A very effective and cost-efficient electrochemical advanced oxidation process for the removal of organic pollutants from synthetic and real wastewaters. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 327:138532. [PMID: 37003440 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Recalcitrant and toxic organic pollutants from wastewaters are scarcely removed in conventional wastewater treatment plants. To preserve the water quality, organics need to be removed by developing powerful oxidation technologies. Our laboratory proposed in 2007 a potent electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) for wastewater remediation, so-called solar photoelectro-Fenton (SPEF). This review summarizes the advances of this emerging technology up to 2022, making evident its effectiveness and cost-efficiency for the destruction of usual organic pollutants. The simultaneous action of generated hydroxyl radicals and the photolysis by sunlight explains the high oxidation power of SPEF respect to other EAOPs. The review is initiated by describing the fundamentals of the process to remark the role of the produced oxidants and the benefits of using solar irradiation in its performance. The photoelectrochemical systems used (bench tank reactor and solar pre-pilot flow plant) and the assessment of the operating variables are discussed. The characteristics of the most common homogeneous SPEF for the degradation and mineralization of several synthetic solutions of industrial chemicals, herbicides, pharmaceuticals, and synthetic organic dyes, as well as of some real wastewaters, are further described. The influence of the photoelectrochemical cell, electrodes, solution pH, electrolyte composition, Fe2+ and pollutant concentration, and current density is analyzed. The performance of a homogeneous SPEF-like process with active chlorine and heterogeneous SPEF processes with solid catalysts such as Fe3O4 and sodium vermiculite is also discussed. Finally, the advances of homogeneous SPEF combined with other techniques like solar photocatalysis, solar photoelectrocatalysis, anaerobic digestion, and nanofiltration are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Brillas
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materialsi del Medi Ambient, Secció de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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Yuan Q, Qu S, Li R, Huo ZY, Gao Y, Luo Y. Degradation of antibiotics by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs): Performance, mechanisms, and perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159092. [PMID: 36174705 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global consumption and discharge of antibiotics have led to the rapid development and spread of bacterial antibiotic resistance. Among treatment strategies, electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) are gaining popularity for treating water/wastewater containing antibiotics due to their high efficiency and easiness of operation. In this review, we summarize various forms of EAOPs that contribute to antibiotic degradation, including common electrochemical oxidation (EO), electrolyte enhanced EO, electro-Fenton (EF) processes, EF-like process, and EAOPs coupling with other processes. Then we assess the performance of various EAOPs in antibiotic degradation and discuss the influence of key factors, including electrode, initial concentration and type of antibiotic, operation conditions, electrolyte, and water quality. We also review mechanisms and degradation pathways of various antibiotics degradation by EAOPs, and address the species and toxicity of intermediates produced during antibiotics treatment. Finally, we highlight challenges and critical research needs to facilitate the application of EAOPs in antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; School of the Environment, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Siyao Qu
- School of the Environment, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Rong Li
- School of the Environment, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Zheng-Yang Huo
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, PR China.
| | - Yan Gao
- School of the Environment, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
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Tian L, Yin MY, Zheng LL, Chen Y, Liu W, Fan JP, Wu DS, Zou JP, Luo SL. Extremely efficient mineralizing CN- into N2 via a newly developed system of generating sufficient ClO•/Cl2•− and self-decreasing pH. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.123021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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Yao Y, Zhu K, Liu Y, Liu Q, Huang L. Effect of Persulfate Activation by Electrogenerated H 2O 2 and Anodic Oxidation on the Color Removal of Dye Solutions at Pt and BDD Anodes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15688. [PMID: 36497765 PMCID: PMC9738264 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, tartrazine solutions were oxidized using innovative electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) that combined persulfate (PS) activation with electrogenerated H2O2, cathodic reduction and anodic oxidation at Pt and BDD anodes, and graphite cathode in an undivided stirred reactor. For the Pt anode, SO4·- was generated from a reduction reaction at the cathode and a reaction between the PS and electrogenerated H2O2. For the BDD anode, SO4·- was generated from a reduction reaction at the cathode, an oxidation reaction at the anode, and a reaction between PS and electrogenerated H2O2. Among these activation methods, the activation efficiency of PS by electrogenerated H2O2 is much better than other methods. The effects of PS concentration up to 36 mM, applied current density between 6 to 15 mA cm-2, and temperatures between 25 to 45 °C were investigated. For the electro-Fenton process with Pt anode (Pt-H2O2/PS process), the best result for oxidizing 250 mg L-1 tartrazine solution was obtained with 37.5 mM Na2SO4 + 9.0 mM Na2S2O8, applied current density at 12 mA cm-2 and 45 °C, acquiring total color removal after 30 min reaction. For the electro-Fenton process with BDD anode (BDD-H2O2/PS process), the best result for oxidizing 250 mg L-1 tartrazine solution was obtained with 25 mM Na2SO4 + 18 mM Na2S2O8, applied current density at 12 mA cm-2 and 45 °C, yielding 100% color removal after 30 min reaction. The main oxidizing agents are SO4·- and OH· in the anodic oxidation process with PS and the electro-Fenton process with PS. It is concluded that the additions of PS tremendously improve the oxidation power of electro-Fenton processes with PS, especially the Pt-H2O2/PS process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Yao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Yucan Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Qianjin Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
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12
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Santos MC, Antonin VS, Souza FM, Aveiro LR, Pinheiro VS, Gentil TC, Lima TS, Moura JPC, Silva CR, Lucchetti LEB, Codognoto L, Robles I, Lanza MRV. Decontamination of wastewater containing contaminants of emerging concern by electrooxidation and Fenton-based processes - A review on the relevance of materials and methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135763. [PMID: 35952792 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasingly growing interest regarding the use of electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) which are considered highly promising alternative treatment techniques for addressing environmental issues related to pollutants of emerging concern. In EAOPs, electrogenerated oxidizing agents, such as hydroxyl radical (HO•), can react non-selectively with a wide range of organic compounds, degrading and mineralizing their structures to unharmful molecules like CO2, H2O, and inorganic ions. To this date, a broad spectrum of advanced electrocatalysts have been developed and applied for the treatment of compounds of interest in different matrices, specifically aiming at enhancing the degradation performance. New combined methods have also been employed as alternative treatment techniques targeted at circumventing the major obstacles encountered in Fenton-based processes, such as high costs and energy consumption, which still contribute significantly toward inhibiting the large-scale application of these processes. First, some fundamental aspects of EAOPs will be presented. Further, we will provide an overview of electrode materials which have been recently developed and reported in the literature, highlighting different anode and cathode structures employed in EAOPs, their main advantages and disadvantages, as well as their contribution to the performance of the treatment processes. The influence of operating parameters, such as initial concentrations, pH effect, temperature, supporting electrolyte, and radiation source, on the treatment processes were also studied. Finally, hybrid techniques which have been reported in the literature and critically assess the most recent techniques used for evaluating the degradation efficiency of the treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro C Santos
- Laboratory of Eletrochemistry and Nanostructured Materials (LEMN) Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), CEP: 09210-170, Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa S Antonin
- Laboratory of Eletrochemistry and Nanostructured Materials (LEMN) Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), CEP: 09210-170, Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe M Souza
- Laboratory of Eletrochemistry and Nanostructured Materials (LEMN) Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), CEP: 09210-170, Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, BR-153, Km 633, Zona Rural, CEP: 75650-000, Morrinhos, GO, Brazil
| | - Luci R Aveiro
- São Paulo Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Rua Pedro Vicente, 625, Canindé São Paulo, CEP: 01109-010, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor S Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Eletrochemistry and Nanostructured Materials (LEMN) Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), CEP: 09210-170, Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Tuani C Gentil
- Laboratory of Eletrochemistry and Nanostructured Materials (LEMN) Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), CEP: 09210-170, Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Thays S Lima
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, n 275 - Jd. Eldorado, CEP: 09972-270, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - João P C Moura
- Laboratory of Eletrochemistry and Nanostructured Materials (LEMN) Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), CEP: 09210-170, Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina R Silva
- Laboratory of Eletrochemistry and Nanostructured Materials (LEMN) Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), CEP: 09210-170, Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Lanna E B Lucchetti
- Laboratory of Eletrochemistry and Nanostructured Materials (LEMN) Center for Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), CEP: 09210-170, Rua Santa Adélia 166, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucia Codognoto
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Environmental Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Prof. Artur Riedel, n 275 - Jd. Eldorado, CEP: 09972-270, Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Irma Robles
- Center for Research and Technological Development in Electrochemistry, S.C., Parque Tecnológico Querétaro, 76703, Sanfandila, Pedro Escobedo, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Marcos R V Lanza
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Trabalhador São-carlense 400, São Carlos, SP, 13566-590, Brazil
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13
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Enhanced artificial intelligence for electrochemical sensors in monitoring and removing of azo dyes and food colorant substances. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 169:113398. [PMID: 36096291 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is necessary to determine whether synthetic dyes are present in food since their excessive use has detrimental effects on human health. For the simultaneous assessment of tartrazine and Patent Blue V, a novel electrochemical sensing platform was developed. As a result, two artificial azo colorants (Tartrazine and Patent Blue V) with toxic azo groups (-NN-) and other carcinogenic aromatic ring structures were examined. With a low limit of detection of 0.06 μM, a broad linear concentration range 0.09μM to 950μM, and a respectable recovery, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was able to reveal the excellent sensing performance of the suggested electrode for patent blue V. The electrochemical performance of an electrode can be characterized using cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Moreover, the classification model was created by applying binary classification assessment using enhanced artificial intelligence comprises of support vector machine (SVM) and Genetic Algorithm (GA), respectively, a support vector machine and a genetic algorithm, which was then validated using the 50 dyes test set. The best binary logistic regression model has an accuracy of 83.2% and 81.1%, respectively, while the best SVM model has an accuracy of 90.3% for the training group of samples and 81.1% for the test group (RMSE = 0.644, R2 = 0.873, C = 205.41, and = 5.992). According to the findings, Cu-BTC MOF (copper (II)-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate) has a crystal structure and is tightly packed with hierarchically porous nanomaterials, with each particle's edge measuring between 20 and 37 nm. The suggested electrochemical sensor's analytical performance is suitable for foods like jellies, condiments, soft drinks and candies.
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14
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Shokri A. Employing electro-peroxone process for degradation of Acid Red 88 in aqueous environment by Central Composite Design: A new kinetic study and energy consumption. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133817. [PMID: 35131276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Azo dyes are primarily employed in textile industries to produce high amounts of colored organic and inorganic wastewater. Therefore, their treatments are critical. In this research, the removal and mineralization of Acid red 88 (AR88), as a widely used mono Azo dye, was inspected by the Electro-peroxone(E-peroxone) method. It is a coupling of electrochemically produced H2O2 and ozone that can produce robust hydroxyl radicals. The Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to explore the influence of operational variables on the removal of AR88 as a response. The optimal conditions predicted by the CCD were as the following; Applied current at 0.7 A, pH at 7.35, O3 Flowrate at 1.03 L min-1 and the concentration of AR88 at 527.29 mg. L-1. The Pareto chart showed that the concentration of AR88 has a significant influence on the response. At the predicted optimal conditions, the actual and predicted AR 88 removal were 95.4 and 92.96%, respectively. The removal of COD after 45 min was 70% representing the excessive efficiency of E-peroxone in mineralization of AR88. The E-peroxone follows the pseudo-first-order kinetics (kobs-E-peroxone = 6.56 × 10-2 min-1), which was more remarkable than the single ozonation, and electrolysis. The calculated specific energy consumption (SEC) in the E-peroxone was 40.14 kWh/Kg AR 18 removal, which was lower than the individual ozonation, and electrolysis methods. The operative production of H2O2 from O2 at the cathode is the critical factor in the high removal of AR88 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shokri
- Jundi-Shapur Research Institute, Dezful, Iran.
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15
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An X, Hou Z, Yu Y, Wang J, Lan H, Liu H, Qu J. Red mud supported on reduced graphene oxide as photo-Fenton catalysts for organic contaminant degradation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Nidheesh PV, Behera B, Babu DS, Scaria J, Kumar MS. Mixed industrial wastewater treatment by the combination of heterogeneous electro-Fenton and electrocoagulation processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133348. [PMID: 34922960 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mixed industrial wastewater treatment efficiency of combined electro-Fenton (EF) and electrocoagulation (EC) processes was investigated in the present study. Alkali modified laterite soil was used as a heterogeneous EF catalyst and found superior performance than the raw laterite soil. Initially, the effect of catalyst dosage, initial pH, and applied voltage on the performance of EF process was carried out. A total of 54.57% COD removal was observed after 60 min of the EF treatment. Further treatment was carried out with EC process at different voltages. A total of 85.27% COD removal after 2 h treatment was observed by combining two electrochemical processes. Performance of EF followed by EC (EF + EC) process was compared with EC followed by EF (EC + EF) process. Even though efficiency is the same, EF + EC is a better strategy than EC + EF as it nullifies the neutralization requirement after EF process in addition to high mineralization efficiency, enhanced biodegradability, and lesser sludge generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Nidheesh
- CSIR- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Bibhudutta Behera
- CSIR- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Syam Babu
- CSIR- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jaimy Scaria
- CSIR- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - M Suresh Kumar
- CSIR- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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17
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Titchou FE, Zazou H, Afanga H, Jamila EG, Ait Akbour R, Hamdani M, Oturan MA. Comparative study of the removal of direct red 23 by anodic oxidation, electro-Fenton, photo-anodic oxidation and photoelectro-Fenton in chloride and sulfate media. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112353. [PMID: 34774509 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to compare the efficiency of anodic oxidation with electrogenerated H2O2 (AO-H2O2), electro-Fenton (EF), and their association with UV irradiation (photo anodic oxidation (PAO), and photo electro-Fenton (PEF) for the removal of Direct Red 23 from wastewater using a BDD/carbon felt cell in chloride and sulfate medium and in their combination. The effect of the supporting electrolyte was investigated in AO-H2O2 and EF processes. High discoloration efficiency was obtained in chloride media while a higher mineralization rate was achieved in sulfate media. The EF process reached higher total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency than AO-H2O2. 90% TOC removal rate was achieved by the EF against 82% by AO-H2O2 in sulfate media. The influence of using the mixt supporting electrolyte formed of 75% Na2SO4 + 25% NaCl was found to have beneficial effect on TOC removal, achieving 89% and 97% by AO-H2O2 and EF, respectively. High currents led to higher mineralization rates while low currents yielded to a higher mineralization current efficiency (MCE%) and lower energy consumption (EC). UV irradiation enhanced process efficiency. Mineralization efficiency followed the sequence: AO-H2O2 < PAO < EF < PEF. The PEF process was able to remove TOC completely at 5 mA cm-2 current density and 6 h of electrolysis with a MCE% value of 16.57% and EC value of 1.29 kWh g-1 TOC removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ezzahra Titchou
- Ibn Zohr University, Faculty of Sciences, Chemical Department, BO 8106, Dakhla district, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Hicham Zazou
- Ibn Zohr University, Faculty of Sciences, Chemical Department, BO 8106, Dakhla district, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Hanane Afanga
- Ibn Zohr University, Faculty of Sciences, Chemical Department, BO 8106, Dakhla district, Agadir, Morocco
| | - El Gaayda Jamila
- Ibn Zohr University, Faculty of Sciences, Chemical Department, BO 8106, Dakhla district, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Rachid Ait Akbour
- Ibn Zohr University, Faculty of Sciences, Chemical Department, BO 8106, Dakhla district, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Hamdani
- Ibn Zohr University, Faculty of Sciences, Chemical Department, BO 8106, Dakhla district, Agadir, Morocco.
| | - Mehmet A Oturan
- Université Gustave Eiffel, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), EA 4508, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France.
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18
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Recent advances in Ponceau dyes monitoring as food colorant substances by electrochemical sensors and developed procedures for their removal from real samples. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 161:112830. [PMID: 35077828 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ponceau dyes are one of the food coloring materials that are added to various pharmaceutical, health and food products and give them an appearance. These dyes contain contaminants such as Benzidine, 4-Aminobiphenyl, and 4-Aminoazobenzene that are safe in small amounts, but they are not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) for human consumption. This study comprehensively was reviewed the properties, applications, chemistry, and toxicity of Ponceau dyes as food colorant substances. Electroanalysis of Ponceau dyes was discussed in detail, and the various electrochemical sensors used to detect and monitor these dyes as food colorant were examined. The applied methods of removing and degradation of these dyes in municipal and industrial wastes were also discussed. Conclusions and future perspectives to motivate future research were also explored.
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19
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Purification of Textile Effluents Containing C.I. Acid Violet 1: Adsorptive Removal versus Hydrogen Peroxide and Peracetic Acid Based Advanced Oxidation. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9111911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Textile effluent containing azo dyes such as C.I. Acid Violet 1 (AV1) can be degraded to toxic aromatic amines in the environment. Thus, there is a legitimate need to treat such effluents before they are discharged to surface waters. Two methods were proposed to remove AV1 from aqueous solutions: adsorption and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The sorption capacity of the strongly basic anion exchanger Purolite A520E of the polystyrene matrix determined from the Langmuir isotherm model was found to be 835 mg/g, while that of Lewatit S5428 of the polyacrylamide matrix Freundlich model seems to be more appropriate for describing the experimental data. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and external diffusion are the rate limiting steps of adsorption. The removal efficiency of AV1 by the anion exchangers was higher than 99% after 40 min of phase contact time. AOPs involved the usage of hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid (PAA) as oxidizing agents, while Fe2+ and simulated sunlight were used as oxidizing activators. AV1 oxidation followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the systems with the highest values of the rate constants turned out to be those in which Fe2+ was present. The efficiency of oxidation measured by the degree of decolorization in the systems with Fe2+ was higher than 99% after 10–60 min. AV1 mineralization was slower, but after 120 min of oxidation it was higher than 98% in the H2O2/Fe2+, PAA/Fe2+ and PAA/Fe2+/sunlight systems.
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20
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Ma P, Prestigiacomo C, Proietto F, Galia A, Scialdone O. Electrochemical Treatment of Wastewater by ElectroFenton, Photo‐ElectroFenton, Pressurized‐ElectroFenton and Pressurized Photo ElectroFenton: A First Comparison of these Innovative Routes. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ma
- Department of Chemical Engineering Taiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Università degli Studi di Palermo Viale delle Scienze Palermo 90128 Italy
| | - Claudia Prestigiacomo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Università degli Studi di Palermo Viale delle Scienze Palermo 90128 Italy
| | - Federica Proietto
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Università degli Studi di Palermo Viale delle Scienze Palermo 90128 Italy
| | - Alessandro Galia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Università degli Studi di Palermo Viale delle Scienze Palermo 90128 Italy
| | - Onofrio Scialdone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Università degli Studi di Palermo Viale delle Scienze Palermo 90128 Italy
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