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Li M, Qiu J, Yan G, Zheng X, Li A. How does the neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine exist in biological matrices and cause toxicity? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171255. [PMID: 38417517 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The neurotoxin β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) has been deemed as a risk factor for some neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS/PDC). This possible link has been proved in some primate models and cell cultures with the appearance that BMAA exposure can cause excitotoxicity, formation of protein aggregates, and/or oxidative stress. The neurotoxin BMAA extensively exists in the environment and can be transferred through the food web to human beings. In this review, the occurrence, toxicological mechanisms, and characteristics of BMAA were comprehensively summarized, and proteins and peptides were speculated as its possible binding substances in biological matrices. It is difficult to compare the published data from previous studies due to the inconsistent analytical methods and components of BMAA. The binding characteristics of BMAA should be focused on to improve our understanding of its health risk to human health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jiangbing Qiu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Guowang Yan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xianyao Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Aifeng Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China.
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Stipa G, Ancidoni A, Vanacore N, Bellomo G. Raw Water and ALS: A Unifying Hypothesis for the Environmental Agents Involved in ALS. Ann Neurosci 2023; 30:124-132. [PMID: 37706096 PMCID: PMC10496797 DOI: 10.1177/09727531221120358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Different studies identified the presence of several altered genes in familial and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) forms. The experimental data, together with the epidemiological data, would seem to suggest the existence of molecular mechanisms (e.g., axonal transport) related to these genes, together with a susceptibility of the same genes to certain environmental factors that would therefore suggest an impact of the environment on the etiopathogenesis of ALS. In our review, we considered the most relevant environmental clusters around the world, collecting different hypotheses and underlining common environmental factors among the different clusters. Moreover, further epidemiological data identified a higher risk of ALS in professional athletes and, in particular, in soccer and football players. Despite this increased risk of ALS highlighted by the epidemiological evidence in aforementioned sports, the mechanisms remain unclear. At last, the use of raw water has been associated with ALS risk. The aim of the present review is to characterize a possible relationship between these clusters, to be explored in the context of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors on the etiopathogenesis of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Stipa
- Clinical Neurophysiology Division, Neuroscience Department, S. Maria University Hospital, Terni, Italy
| | - Antonio Ancidoni
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health (ISS), Roma, Italy
| | - Nicola Vanacore
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health (ISS), Roma, Italy
| | - Guido Bellomo
- National Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health (ISS), Roma, Italy
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Zhou S, Huang J, Bu L, Li G, Zhu S. Degradation of β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) by UV/peracetic acid system: Influencing factors, degradation mechanism and DBP formation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136083. [PMID: 35988765 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA) is a cyanobacterial neurotoxin associated with human neurodegenerative diseases, and its removal in drinking water is receiving increasing attention. In this study, the degradation of BMAA in UV/peracetic acid (UV/PAA) system was investigated. BMAA degradation followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The synergistic effect of UV and PAA exhibited a great potential for BMAA degradation, which was attributed to the generation of a large number of reactive radicals, of which R-C• was the most dominant contributor. We also explored the effects of different factors on BMAA degradation. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between BMAA degradation and PAA dosage, and the optimal effect was achieved at pH 7. Notably, the existence of water matrices such as bicarbonate (HCO3-), chloride ion (Cl-), humic acid (HA) and algal intracellular organic matter (IOM) all inhibited the degradation of BMAA. Based on the identified intermediates, this study suggested that reactive radicals degraded BMAA mainly by attacking the carbon-nitrogen bonds on BMAA. Besides, comparing the effect of Cl- on disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation in UV/PAA-post-PAA oxidation and UV/chlorine-post-chlorination systems, it was found that the former was more sensitive to the presence of Cl-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Zhou
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Jiamin Huang
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Lingjun Bu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Guangchao Li
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Shumin Zhu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Water Security Technology and Application, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
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Wu Y, Sheng D, Wu Y, Sun J, Bu L, Zhu S, Zhou S. Molecular insights into formation of nitrogenous disinfection byproducts from algal organic matter in UV-LEDs/chlorine process based on FT-ICR analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152457. [PMID: 34952064 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication is a globally concerned issue, which brings algal cells and algal organic matter (AOM) into drinking water treatment plants. AOM is an important branch of nitrogenous disinfection byproduct (N-DBP) precursors. The variation of AOM composition in UV-LEDs/chlorine process, and its relationship with N-DBP formation still remain much uncertainty. Herein, we used fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to investigate AOM transformation in UV-LEDs/chlorine process, with UV285 and UV365 as light source, and screen for typical precursors of N-DBPs. We found that more nitrogen-containing compounds were generated after UV-LEDs/chlorine process, leading to the larger formation of N-DBPs in postchlorination. Compounds such as lignin, proteins, and amino sugars tends to be oxidized by reactive species in UV-LEDs/chlorine process. Further, compounds with higher O/C and higher weighted average double bond equivalence (DBEw) are easier to form N-DBPs, including dichloroacetonitrile and trichloronitromethane. Also, influence factors including pH, UV fluence, post-chlorination time and bromide concentration on N-DBP formation were evaluated. The results show that N-DBP formation generally followed the order of UV285/chlorine-postchlorination, UV365/chlorine-postchlorination, and direct chlorination. Our study provides comprehensive information on N-DBP formation from AOM in UV-LEDs/chlorine-postchlorination from molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Da Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yangtao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Julong Sun
- School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Lingjun Bu
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Shumin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shiqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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Huang J, Wu Y, Wu Y, Sheng D, Sun J, Bu L, Zhou S. Comparison of UV and UV/chlorine system on degradation of 2,4-diaminobutyric acid and formation of disinfection byproducts in subsequent chlorination. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Ye C, Ma X, Deng J, Li X, Li Q, Dietrich AM. Degradation of saccharin by UV/H 2O 2 and UV/PS processes: A comparative study. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132337. [PMID: 34592214 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners have raised emerging concern due to their potential threats to human health, which were frequently detected in aquatic environment with median concentrations. Although current researches have widely reported that ultraviolet light-activated persulfate process (UV/PS) was superior to UV/H2O2 process for the degradation of refractory organic contaminants, UV/H2O2 process presented a more satisfactory saccharin (SAC) removal efficiency than UV/PS process, completely degraded 20 mg/L SAC within 45 min. Hence, quenching and probe experiments were employed to investigate the difference between hydroxyl radical (OH)- and sulfate radical (SO4-)-mediated oxidation mechanisms, which revealed the higher reactivity of OH (1.37-1.56 × 109 M-1 s-1) toward SAC than SO4- (3.84-4.13 × 108 M-1 s-1). A combination of density functional theory calculation and transformation products identification disclosed that OH preferred to attack the benzene ring of SAC via hydrogen atom transfer pathway, whereas SO4- oxidation was conducive to the cleavage of -C-NH2 bond. Increasing oxidant concentration significantly accelerated SAC degradation in both processes, while UV/H2O2 process consumed lower electrical energy with respect to UV/PS process. Additionally, UV/H2O2 system presented excellent adaptability and stability under various water matrices parameters (e.g. pH, anions and humic acid). While both UV/H2O2 and UV/PS processes promoted the generation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) during subsequent chlorination, and prolonging pretreatment time posed positive effect on reducing the formation of DBPs. Overall, the results clearly demonstrate the high efficiency, economy and practicality of UV/H2O2 process in the remediation of SAC-contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ye
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Andrea M Dietrich
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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