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Nadiri AA, Aghdam FS, Razzagh S, Barzegar R, Jabraili-Andaryan N, Senapathi V. Using a soft computing OSPRC risk framework to analyze multiple contaminants from multiple sources; a case study from Khoy Plain, NW Iran. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136527. [PMID: 36150490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Water shortage in arid and semi-arid areas like Iran makes groundwater contamination a crucial issue. In the Khoy aquifer, NW Iran, contaminants (e.g., arsenic (As), nitrate (NO3-), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) may originate from both geological and anthropogenic sources. The objectives of the study are to (1) employ soft modeling framework to abstract available hydrogeochemical information into a perceptual model and (2) build a conceptual model using the risk cells (RCs) by applying the following two steps: (i) study Origin-Source-Pathways-Receptor-Consequence (OSPRC) as a risk system; and (ii) apply "soft modeling" as a set of diverse and classical tools including graphical representations, geological surveys, and multivariate statistical analysis to validate the information by evaluating their convergence or divergence behaviors among different tools used for investigating the groundwater contaminants. According to the perceptual model, the Khoy aquifer contains four RCs. RC4 (southern of plain) and RC2 (northern of the plain) contain high levels of As, while RC2 contains high amounts of Zn. In RC1 (northern of plain) and RC3 (middle of plain), a high concentration of Pb is detected, while in RC3 and RC4, there is a high concentration of NO3-. It was found that a soft modeling approach can only identify the dominant hydrogeochemical processes for each RC as a descriptive model, rather than the use of quantitative models if sufficient data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ata Allah Nadiri
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Institute of Environment, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada.
| | - Fariba Sadeghi Aghdam
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Siamak Razzagh
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Rahim Barzegar
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada; Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada.
| | | | - Venkatramanan Senapathi
- Department of Disaster Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Environmental Impact of Construction Products on Aquatic Systems—Principles of an Integrated Source–Path–Target Concept. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Buildings exposed to water can release undesirable substances which, once transported to environmental compartments, may cause unwanted effects. These exposure pathways need to be investigated and included in risk assessments to safeguard water quality and promote the sustainability of construction materials. The applied materials, exposure conditions, distribution routes and resilience of receiving compartments vary considerably. This demonstrates the need for a consistent concept that integrates knowledge of emission sources, leaching processes, transport pathways, and effects on targets. Such a consistent concept can serve as the basis for environmental risk assessment for several scenarios using experimentally determined emissions. Typically, a source–path–target concept integrates data from standardized leaching tests and models to describe leaching processes, the distribution of substances in the environment and the occurrence of substances at different points of compliance. This article presents an integrated concept for assessing the environmental impact of construction products on aquatic systems and unravels currently existing gaps and necessary actions. This manuscript outlines a source–path–target concept applicable to a large variety of construction products. It is intended to highlight key elements of a holistic evaluation concept that could assist authorities in developing procedures for environmental risk assessments and mitigation measures and identifying knowledge gaps.
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