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Zhang M, Lin K. Unintended polyhalogenated carbazole production during advanced oxidation of coking wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 473:134649. [PMID: 38772108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) are emerging as dioxin-like global pollutants, yet their environmental origins are not fully understood. This study investigates the application of the Fenton process in coking wastewater treatment, focusing on its dual role in carbazole removal and unintended PHCZ formation. The common halide ions (Cl- and Br-) in coking wastewater, especially Br- ions, exerted a notable impact on carbazole removal. Particularly, the influence of Br- ions was more significant, not only enhancing carbazole removal but also shaping the congener composition of PHCZ formation. Elevated halide ion concentrations were associated with the heightened formation of higher halogenated carbazoles. The Fenton reagent dosage ratio was identified as a crucial factor affecting the congener composition of PHCZs and their toxic equivalency value. The coexisting organic substance (i.e., phenol) in coking wastewater was observed to inhibit PHCZ formation, likely through competitive reactions with carbazole. Intriguingly, ammonium (NH4+) facilitated the generation of higher and mixed halogenated carbazoles, possibly due to the generation of nitrogen-containing brominating agents with stronger bromination capacity. This study underscores the importance of a comprehensive assessment, considering both substrate removal and potential byproduct formation, when employing the Fenton process for saline wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coast Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Kunde Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coast Ecology and Environmental Studies, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Xu Z, Wei J, Abid A, Liu Z, Wu Y, Gu J, Ma D, Zheng M. Formation and toxicity contribution of chlorinated and dechlorinated halobenzoquinones from dichlorophenols after ozonation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169860. [PMID: 38199341 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Halobenzoquinones (HBQs) are a class of disinfection byproducts with high cytotoxicity and potential carcinogenicity, which have been widely detected in chlorination of drinking water and swimming pool water. However, to date, the formation of HBQs upon ozonation and the HBQ precursors have been overlooked. This study investigated the formation of chlorinated and dechlorinated HBQs from six dichlorophenol (DCP) isomers. The monomeric and dimeric HBQs were identified in all the ozonation effluents, exhibiting 1-100 times higher toxicity levels than their precursors. The sum of detected HBQs intensity had a satisfactory linear relation with the maximum toxic unit (R2 = 0.9657), indicating the primary toxicity contribution to the increased overall toxicity of effluents. Based on density functional theory calculations, when ozone attacks the para carbon to the hydroxyl group of 2,3-DCP, the probability of producing chlorinated HBQs is 80.41 %, indicating that the para carbon attack mainly resulted in the formation of monomeric HBQs. 2,3-dichlorophenoxy radicals were successfully detected in ozonated 2,3-DCP effluent through electron paramagnetic resonance and further validated using theoretical calculation, revealing the formation pathway of dimeric HBQs. The results indicate that chlorinated phenols, regardless of the positions of chlorine substitution, can potentially serve as precursors for both chlorinated and dechlorinated HBQs formation during ozonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhourui Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianjian Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Aroob Abid
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zirui Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yasen Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dehua Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Sheng T, Yang W, Li X, Chen X, Li Z, Sun K. 2,4,6-TCP migrates and transforms in different cultivated soil in China: Kinetic analysis and mechanistic modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117309. [PMID: 37802310 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides are widely used in agriculture, wood preservation, pulp bleaching and other fields, which increased the pollution risk of cultivated land. In this study, a typical organochlorine pesticides-2,4,6-TCP was conducted as the target pollutants to investigated the migration and transformation characteristics in different cultivated soils in China. The results indicated that the adsorption of 2,4,6-TCP in soil samples was in order: black soil>laterite>fluvo-aquic soil, and the maximum adsorption was 71.0870, 27.0575 and 6.1292 mg/kg, respectively. The dispersion coefficient of black soil, laterite and fluvo-aquic soil was 0.0329, 0.0501 and 0.0149, and the hysteretic factor R was 5.381, 1.455 and 2.238, respectively, indicating that the migration ability of 2,4,6-TCP in different cultivated soils samples was in order: black soil>laterite>fluvo-aquic soil. The fitting results of one-dimensional migration model indicated that the model well reflected the migration and transformation of 2,4,6-TCP in different cultivated soil samples. Meanwhile, the Two-dimensional migration model fitting results indicated that the maximum concentration of 2,4,6-TCP of different cultivated soil samples were found along the longitudinal flow direction, reaching 40% of the initial pollution concentration at 15 m, corresponding to the center of the pollutant plume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sheng
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150022, China
| | - Wenxin Yang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xueqi Li
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150022, China
| | - Xueqi Chen
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Zhiling Li
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Kai Sun
- Key Lab of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of China Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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Wei J, Wang S, Tang W, Xu Z, Ma D, Zheng M, Li J. Redox-directed identification of toxic transformation products during ozonation of aromatics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165929. [PMID: 37532054 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity assessment of transformation products (TPs) formed in oxidative water treatment is crucial but challenging because of their low concentration, structural diversity, and mixture complexity. Here, this study developed a novel redox-directed approach for identification of toxic TPs without the individual toxicity and concentration information. This approach based on sodium borohydride reduction comprised an integrated process of toxicological evaluation, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix characterization, high-resolution mass spectrometry detection, followed by ecological toxicity assessment of identified TPs. The redox-directed identification of primary causative toxicants was experimentally tested for the increased nonspecific toxicity observations in the ozonated effluents of model aromatics. Reduction reaction caused a remarkable decrease in toxicity and increase in fluorescence intensity, obtaining a good linear relation between them. More than ten monomeric or dimeric p-benzoquinone (p-BQ) TPs were identified in the ozonated effluents. The occurrence of the p-BQ TPs was further verified through parallel sodium sulfite reduction and actual wastewater ozonation experiments. In vitro bioassays of luminescent bacteria, as well as in silico genotoxicity and cytotoxicity predictions, indicate that the toxicity of p-BQ TPs is significantly higher than that of their precursors and other TPs. These together demonstrated that the identified p-BQ TPs are primary toxicity contributors. The redox-directed approach facilitated the revelation of primary toxicity contribution, illustrating emerging p-BQs are a concern for aquatic ecosystem safety in the oxidative treatment of aromatics-contaminated wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weixu Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhourui Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dehua Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jiansheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu Province, China
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Wang Y, Jiang W, Tang Y, Liu Z, Qin Q, Xu Y. Biochar-supported sulfurized nanoscale zero-valent iron facilitates extensive dechlorination and rapid removal of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol in aqueous solution. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 332:138835. [PMID: 37142104 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) has been widely used in rapid remediation of contaminants. However, several obstacles such as aggregation and surface passivation hampered NZVI from further application. In this study, sulfurized nanoscale-zero valent iron supported by biochar (BC-SNZVI) was successfully synthesized and utilized for highly efficient 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) dechlorination in aqueous solution. SEM-EDS analysis revealed the even distribution of SNZVI on the surface of BC. FTIR, XRD, XPS and N2 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) adsorption analyses were carried out to characterize the materials. Results showed that BC-SNZVI with S/Fe molar ratio of 0.088, Na2S2O3 as sulfurization agent, and pre-sulfurization as the sulfurization strategy exhibited the superior performance for 2,4,6-TCP removal. The overall removal of 2,4,6-TCP was well described with the pseudo-first-order kinetics (R2 > 0.9), and the observed kinetics constant Kobs was 0.083 min-1 with BC-SNZVI, which was one order of magnitude higher than that of BC-NZVI (0.0092 min-1) and SNZVI (0.0042 min-1), and two orders of magnitude higher than that of NZVI (0.00092 min-1). Moreover, the removal efficiency of 2,4,6-TCP reached 99.5% by BC-SNZVI with dosage of 0.5 g·L-1, initial 2,4,6-TCP concentration of 30 mg·L-1 and initial solution pH of 3 within 180 min. The removal of 2,4,6-TCP by BC-SNZVI was acid-promoted and the removal efficiencies of 2,4,6-TCP decreased with the increase of initial 2,4,6-TCP concentrations. Furthermore, more extensive dechlorination of 2,4,6-TCP was achieved with BC-SNZVI and complete dechlorination product phenol became predominant. The facilitation of sulfur for Fe0 utilization and electron distribution in the presence of biochar remarkably enhanced the dechlorination performance of BC-SNZVI for 2,4,6-TCP. These findings provide insights into BC-SNZVI as an alternative engineering carbon based NZVI material for treating chlorinated phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
| | - Yanqiang Tang
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
| | - Zheming Liu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
| | - Qingdong Qin
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
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Shi J, Jiang J, Chen Q, Wang L, Nian K, Long T. Production of higher toxic intermediates of organic pollutants during chemical oxidation processes: A review. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
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Li M, Chang M, Li M, An Z, Zhang C, Liu J, He M. Ozone mechanism, kinetics, and toxicity studies of halophenols: Theoretical calculation combined with toxicity experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160101. [PMID: 36370799 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic disinfection by-products (DBPs), which are generally more toxic than aliphatic DBPs, have attracted increasing attention. The toxicity of 13 typical halophenols on Scenedesmus obliquus was experimentally investigated, and the ozonation mechanism and kinetics of representative halophenols were further studied by quantum chemical calculations. The results showed that the EC50 values of halophenols ranged from 2.74 to 60.23 mg/L, and their toxicity ranked as follows: di-halogenated phenols > mono-halogenated phenols, mixed halogen-substituted phenols > single halogen-substituted phenols, and iodophenols > bromophenols > chlorophenols. The toxicity of halophenols was well described by the electronegativity index (ω) as lg(EC50)-1 = 6.228ω - 3.869, indicating halophenols capturing electrons as their potential toxicity mechanism. The reactions of O3 with halophenolate anions were dominated by three mechanisms: 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, oxygen addition, and single electron transfer. The kinetic calculation indicated that O3 oxidized aqueous halophenols by reacting with halophenolate anions with the reaction rate constants as high as (0.91-3.47) × 1010 M-1 s-1. The number of halogen substituents affected the kO3, cal values of halophenolate anions, which are in the order of 2,4-dihalophenolate anions >4-halophenolate anions > 2,4,6-trihalophenolate anions. During the ozonation of 2,4,6-tribromophenol (246TBP), the toxic products (dimers and brominated benzoquinones) could be synergistically degraded by O3 and HO•. Thus, ozonation is feasible as a strategy to degrade aromatic DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Mengjie Chang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Zexiu An
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Maoxia He
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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Zhang C, Xin S, Wang X, Huo S, Lu J, Ma B, Ma X, Liu W, Gao M, Xie H. Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of m-chloronitrobenzene through rGO/g-C3N4/TiO2 nanotube arrays photoelectrode under visible light: Performance, DFT calculation and mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hou L, Yu H, Chen Z, Xin Y, Chai J, Fu LY, Zhang J, Zhang H. Simulation on oily contamination removal by ozone using molecular dynamics. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136473. [PMID: 36176232 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is characteristic of high oxidative activity. It displays a high potential value in sterilization and decontamination. Although O3 has been widely investigated for its efficiency and environmentally friendly effectiveness, the fundamental issue regarding the complicated microscopic interaction mechanism between O3 and contaminant molecules remains largely unaddressed. We addressed this knowledge gap through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation at the molecular scale. Results indicated that five representative hydrocarbon molecules (n-hexadecane, phytane, terpane, naphthalin and acenaphthylene) on a rough silica (SiO2) surface were almost removed after about 300 ps simulation. And the aromatic molecules were easier to be removed than aliphatic ones. The hydroxyl oxidation reaction was demonstrated as a predominant mechanism. As the large dose of O3 was supplied by atmospheric air dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma, this work provided an important theoretical reference for better using plasma technology for oily contaminant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Hou
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Hong Yu
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China.
| | - Zhe Chen
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Yu Xin
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Jun Chai
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Li-Yun Fu
- College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
| | - Jialiang Zhang
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, PR China
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Recent advances in photochemical-based nanomaterial processes for mitigation of emerging contaminants from aqueous solutions. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Chen D, Zheng Z, Zhang F, Ke R, Sun N, Wang Y, Wang Y. Fe@Fe 2O 3-loaded biochar as an efficient heterogeneous Fenton catalyst for organic pollutants removal. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 85:2797-2810. [PMID: 35638788 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With increased demand for various chemical raw materials, sudden pollution incidents are more prone to occur during their transportation and usage, threatening the environment and human health. In this study, discarded tea stalks were recycled into composite materials (FSC-X00: X represents the calcination temperature) by impregnating tea stalks in Fe2+ solution combined with subsequent calcination. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) patterns verified the existence of Fe0 and Fe2O3, and Fe2O3 was gradually reduced to Fe0 when the calcination temperature was raised from 700 °C to 900 °C. FSC-X00 was adopted as a heterogeneous catalyst for activating H2O2 to quickly degrade phenol in the water system. The degradation experiments indicated that FSC-600 exhibited superior degradation performance for phenol (20 mg/L) within 5 min and 80% total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate at pH = 3 within 30 min. The effects of the calcination temperature, the pH value and the amount of H2O2 on the degradation efficiency were investigated. Competing experiments showed that fulvic acid (FA) and inorganic salts Na+ had little effect on the degradation performance. The FSC-600 catalyst can be reused by thermal reduction. In addition, it was found that FSC-600 has a good degradation effect on ciprofloxacin (CIP), norfloxacin (NOR) and enrofloxacin (ENR), indicating that FSC-600 catalysts are a promising candidate for quick degradation of organic pollutants by Fenton reaction. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra analysis indicated that •OH is the dominant reactive oxygen species (ROS) and part 1O2 from O2 also participated in the degradation. This study provides an example of creating catalysts from organic solid waste for use in emergency treatment for phenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwei Chen
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China E-mail:
| | - Zhiyan Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China E-mail:
| | - Feiji Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China E-mail:
| | - Rufu Ke
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China E-mail:
| | - Nan Sun
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China E-mail:
| | - Yonghao Wang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China E-mail:
| | - Yongjing Wang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center for High-value Utilization Technology of Plant Resources, College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China E-mail:
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Xie Y, Hu S, Ma D, Liu R, Xu C, Liu H. NO 3- photolysis-induced advanced reduction process removes NO 3- and 2, 4, 6-tribromophenol. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132633. [PMID: 34687681 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reductive processes are an important type of pollutant removal technology, particularly for organic halogens. NO3- is an anion and pollutant that is commonly present in wastewater. In this study, a novel advanced reduction process (ARP) induced by NO3- photolysis was developed to remove 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) and NO3-. The UV/NO3-/formate acid (FA) process achieved NO3- removal and improved the debromination of TBP (initial TBP concentration = 0.1 mM) (up to 97.8%), however, their coexistence adversely affected the reductive removal of each component. Acidic conditions (pH 3 in this study) benefited the removal of NO3- and the debromination of TBP. Cl- promoted NO3- removal in UV/NO3-/FA, however, it decreased the debromination effect of TBP by 27.8%. Humic acid, a typical dissolved organic matter, suppressed NO3- removal, TBP degradation and debromination under all experimental conditions. Methyl viologen significantly inhibited the performance of ARP, and this verified the role of CO2•- in this ARP. Insufficient reduction and over-reduction of NO3- were observed under different conditions and a greater amount of NH4+ was formed under the influence of TBP. The data also indicated that as much as 80% of the removed NO3- was converted to NO2-, and this is noteworthy. Due to the reductive radicals generated from the oxidation of FA, both oxidative and reductive products of TBP were detected in the effluent. The results of this study provide a potential technology for the reductive removal of organic halogens from NO3--rich wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Xie
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Shini Hu
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
| | - Dehua Ma
- Key Laboratory of New Membrane Materials, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Technology, Jiaxing, 314006, China
| | - Cancan Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Science and Technology, Jiaxing, 314006, China
| | - Hongyuan Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
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