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Gökkuş Ö, Brillas E, Sirés I. Sequential use of a continuous-flow electrocoagulation reactor and a (photo)electro-Fenton recirculation system for the treatment of Acid Brown 14 diazo dye. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169143. [PMID: 38070549 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The decolorization and TOC removal of solutions of Acid Brown 14 (AB14) diazo dye containing 50 mg L-1 of total organic carbon (TOC) have been first studied in a continuous-flow electrocoagulation (EC) reactor of 3 L capacity with Fe electrodes of ∼110 cm2 area each. Total loss of color with poor TOC removal was found in chloride, sulfate, and/or hydrogen carbonate matrices after 18 min of this treatment. The best performance was found using 5 anodes and 4 cathodes of Fe at 13.70 A and low liquid flow rate of 10 L h-1, in aerated 39.6 mM NaCl medium within a pH range of 4.0-10.0. The effluent obtained from EC was further treated by electro-Fenton (EF) using a 2.5 L pre-pilot flow plant, which was equipped with a filter-press cell comprising a Pt anode and an air-diffusion cathode for H2O2 electrogeneration. Operating with 0.10-1.0 mM Fe2+ as catalyst at pH 3.0 and 50 mA cm-2, a similar TOC removal of 68 % was found as maximal in chloride and sulfate media using the sequential EC-EF process. The EC-treated solutions were also treated by photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) employing a photoreactor with a 125 W UVA lamp. The sequential EC-PEF process yielded a much higher TOC reduction, close to 90 % and 97 % in chloride and sulfate media, respectively, due to the rapid photolysis of the final Fe(III)-carboxylate complexes. The formation of recalcitrant chloroderivatives from generated active chlorine limited the mineralization in the chloride matrix. For practical applications of this two-step technology, the high energy consumption of the UVA lamp in PEF could be reduced by using free sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömür Gökkuş
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Enric Brillas
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Sirés
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física, Secció de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Qiu B, Zhou X, Li W, Zhu H, Yu L, Yuan C, Dou R, Sun M, Wang S. A magnetically induced self-assembly of Ru@Fe 3O 4/rGO cathode for diclofenac degradation in electro-Fenton process. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117781. [PMID: 38036212 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel magnetic nanocomposite of Ru@Fe3O4/rGO was successfully synthesized by a simple hydro-thermal method. The Ru@Fe3O4/rGO particles were assembled and immobilized for innovative magnetically assembled electrode (MAE) without any binder, and the electrode was further applied in heterogeneous electro-Fenton (hetero-EF) process for the degradation of diclofenac (DCF). The results showed that rGO could remarkably enhance the conductivity and catalyze the two-electron oxygen reduction, which greatly improved the generation of H2O2. In addition, the mixture valence of Fe and Ru species might provide rich reaction sites and enhance electron transfer by synergy. Thus, the Ru@Fe3O4/rGO MAE exhibited a stable and high electrocatalytic activity in the hetero-EF process for DCF degradation over a wide pH range from 2 to 9 owing to the higher electroactive surface area (EASA) and lower charge/mass-transfer resistance. The DCF degradation efficiency could reach about 100% within 90 min under pH 5 and current 40 mA, and the Ru@Fe3O4/rGO MAE showed high stability and reusability after five cycles. Theoretically, 1O2 and •OH were the main reactive oxygen species (ROS) participating in DCF degradation in the Ru@Fe3O4/rGO MAE hetero-EF process. Furthermore, according to the LC-MS/MS intermediates, the possible DCF degradation pathway was deduced including dechlorination, hydroxylation and ring opening attacked by ROS. Eleven intermediates were detected during DCF degradation in the MAE hetero-EF process, and the ecological risk of DCF degradation in Ru@Fe3O4/rGO MAE hetero-EF process was significantly reduced. This study provides new insights into the magnetically assembled electrode of Ru@Fe3O4/rGO and displays a new practical application prospect of the materials for high-efficient removal and degradation of DCF from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China.
| | - Weimin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Houjuan Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Long Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Rongni Dou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Mingtai Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China
| | - Suhua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China.
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Simon S, Suresh BK, Anantha-Singh TS. A sequential aerated electrocoagulation and peroxicoagulation process for the treatment of municipal stabilized landfill leachate by iron and graphite electrodes. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139692. [PMID: 37543228 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical treatment has emerged as a viable technology for the treatment of leachate due to its efficient removal of ammonaical nitrogen and other recalcitrant organics. The main technical issues that prevent its practical deployment are restricted performance of a single electrochemical process and the lengthy tertiary treatment time required to achieve the disposal quality standards. This study demonstrates the performance of electrochemical treatments such as peroxicoagulation (PC) and aerated electrocoagulation (A-EC) separately and also sequentially for the treatment of stabilized leachate. In aerated electro coagulation iron is used as both anode and cathode, whereas in peroxicoagulation, iron is used as anode and graphite as cathode. The area of electrode used for treatments was fixed as 12.5 cm2. The initial concentration of NH4-N, TN, COD, and TOC of the leachate was found to be 480 mg/L, 997 mg/L, 40,200 mg/L, and 9850 mg/L respectively. Removal efficiency of aerated electrocoagulation for NH4-N, TN, COD and TOC were 25.6%, 23.67%, 25.6% and 28.7% respectively, current density of 30 mAcm-2, electrolysis time of 60 min and pH 7.3. Meanwhile for peroxicoagulation, the removal efficiency was found to be 37.2%, 43%, 37.3%, and 45.6% for NH4-N, TN, COD, and TOC respectively, at an current density of 30 mAcm-2, electrolysis time of 120 min and a pH of 3. The sequential aerated electrocoagulation - peroxicoagulation process achieves a maximum removal efficiency of 63%, 68%, 78%, and 75% for NH4-N, total nitrogen, COD, and TOC respectively for a reaction time of 180 min. Removal of NH4-N, total nitrogen, COD and TOC from stabilized landfill leachate with a BOD/COD ratio less than 0.1 was very much effective with the sequential aerated electrocoagulation - peroxicoagulaton treatment. The results also indicate that for the treatment of leachate, a significant synergistic index of 1.22 exists between aerated electrocoagulation and peroxicoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saji Simon
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, India.
| | - Bibin K Suresh
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, India.
| | - T S Anantha-Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, India.
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Nidheesh PV, Mousset E, Thiam A. Recent advancements in peroxicoagulation process: An updated review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139627. [PMID: 37487987 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The present article describes the recent advancements (since 2018) in peroxicoagulation (PC) process, which was introduced by Professor Enric Brillas and his group in 1997. Instead of checking the efficiency of PC process to degrade a targeted pollutant in synthetic wastewater, researchers started testing its efficacy for the treatment of complex real wastewater. Applications like disinfection and removal of heavy metals as well as oxidative removal of arsenite from water were tested recently. To improve the efficiency of PC process, modifications were made for electrode materials (both anode and cathode) and electrolytic cells. Performance of PC process in combination with other treatment technologies is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Nidheesh
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | | | - Abdoulaye Thiam
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a La Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PIDi), Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile.
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Wastewater Treatment of Real Effluents by Microfiltration Using Poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051143. [PMID: 36904383 PMCID: PMC10007253 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, the growing contamination of wastewater, mainly caused by industrial processes, improper sewage, natural calamities, and a variety of anthropogenic activities, has caused an increase in water-borne diseases. Notably, industrial applications require careful consideration as they pose significant threats to human health and ecosystem biodiversity due to the production of persistent and complex contaminants. The present work reports on the development, characterization, and application of a poly (vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) porous membrane for the remediation of a wide range of contaminants from wastewater withdrawn from industrial applications. The PVDF-HFP membrane showed a micrometric porous structure with thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability and a hydrophobic nature, leading to high permeability. The prepared membranes exhibited simultaneous activity on the removal of organic matter (total suspended and dissolved solids, TSS, and TDS, respectively), the mitigation of salinity in 50%, and the effective removal of some inorganic anions and heavy metals, achieving efficiencies around 60% for nickel, cadmium, and lead. The membrane proved to be a suitable approach for wastewater treatment, as it showed potential for the simultaneous remediation of a wide range of contaminants. Thus, the as-prepared PVDF-HFP membrane and the designed membrane reactor represent an efficient, straightforward, and low-cost alternative as a pretreatment step for continuous treatment processes for simultaneous organic and inorganic contaminants' remediation in real industrial effluent sources.
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Wu Z, Man Q, Niu H, Lyu H, Song H, Li R, Ren G, Zhu F, Peng C, Li B, Ma X. Recent advances and trends of trichloroethylene biodegradation: A critical review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1053169. [PMID: 36620007 PMCID: PMC9813602 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1053169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a ubiquitous chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon (CAH) in the environment, which is a Group 1 carcinogen with negative impacts on human health and ecosystems. Based on a series of recent advances, the environmental behavior and biodegradation process on TCE biodegradation need to be reviewed systematically. Four main biodegradation processes leading to TCE biodegradation by isolated bacteria and mixed cultures are anaerobic reductive dechlorination, anaerobic cometabolic reductive dichlorination, aerobic co-metabolism, and aerobic direct oxidation. More attention has been paid to the aerobic co-metabolism of TCE. Laboratory and field studies have demonstrated that bacterial isolates or mixed cultures containing Dehalococcoides or Dehalogenimonas can catalyze reductive dechlorination of TCE to ethene. The mechanisms, pathways, and enzymes of TCE biodegradation were reviewed, and the factors affecting the biodegradation process were discussed. Besides, the research progress on material-mediated enhanced biodegradation technologies of TCE through the combination of zero-valent iron (ZVI) or biochar with microorganisms was introduced. Furthermore, we reviewed the current research on TCE biodegradation in field applications, and finally provided the development prospects of TCE biodegradation based on the existing challenges. We hope that this review will provide guidance and specific recommendations for future studies on CAHs biodegradation in laboratory and field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhineng Wu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Quanli Man
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hanyu Niu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Honghong Lyu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Haokun Song
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Rongji Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Gengbo Ren
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Fujie Zhu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Chu Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Benhang Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Xiaodong Ma,
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Zhu J, Zhu Y, Chen Z, Wu S, Fang X, Yao Y. Progress in the Preparation and Modification of Zinc Ferrites Used for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10710. [PMID: 36078426 PMCID: PMC9518589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Zinc ferrite is a type of photocatalytic material with high physicochemical stability, narrow band gap, high carrier separation efficiency, high porosity, and paramagnetism, which makes it easy to recover. Thus, zinc ferrite is widely used as a photocatalyst in water treatment. In this paper, the preparation principles as well as the advantages and disadvantages of typical methods used to prepare zinc ferrite including hydrothermal, co-precipitation, sol-gel, and other novel methods such as biosynthesis have been summarized. Modification methods such as elemental doping, composite formation, and morphological modification have been highlighted. Using these modification methods, the catalytic activity of zinc ferrite toward the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in water has been enhanced. Biosynthesis is regarded as a promising preparation method that uses biological materials instead of chemical materials to achieve the large-scale preparation of zinc ferrite using low cost, energy efficient, and environmentally friendly processes. Meanwhile, the combination of multiple modification techniques to enhance the photocatalytic performance of zinc ferrite will be an important research trend in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Zhu
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Sijia Wu
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaojian Fang
- Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yan Yao
- College of Metrology & Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Comparison of Fenton and Ozone Oxidation for Pretreatment of Petrochemical Wastewater: COD Removal and Biodegradability Improvement Mechanism. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9070179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cost-effective pretreatment of highly concentrated and bio-refractory petrochemical wastewater to improve biodegradability is of significant importance, but remains challenging. This study compared the pretreatment of petrochemical wastewater by two commonly used chemical advanced oxidation technologies (Fenton and ozone oxidation), and the mechanisms of biodegradability improvement of pretreated wastewater were explored. The obtained results showed that in the Fenton oxidation system, the COD removal of petrochemical wastewater was 89.8%, BOD5 decreased from 303.66 mg/L to 155.49 mg/L, and BOD5/COD (B/C) increased from 0.052 to 0.62 after 60 min under the condition of 120 mg/L Fe2+ and 500 mg/L H2O2, with a treatment cost of about 1.78 $/kgCOD. In the ozone oxidation system, the COD removal of petrochemical wastewater was 59.4%, BOD5 increased from 127.86 mg/L to 409.28 mg/L, and B/C increased from 0.052 to 0.41 after 60 min at an ozone flow rate of 80 mL/min with a treatment cost of approximately 1.96 $/kgCOD. The petrochemical wastewater treated by both processes meets biodegradable standards. The GC–MS analysis suggested that some refractory pollutants could be effectively removed by ozone oxidation, but these pollutants could be effectively degraded by hydroxyl radicals (•OH) produced by the Fenton reaction. In summary, compared with ozone oxidation, petrochemical wastewater pretreated with Fenton oxidation had high COD removal efficiency and biodegradability, and the treatment cost of Fenton oxidation was also lower than that of ozone oxidation.
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