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Fard NE, Ali NS, Saady NMC, Albayati TM, Salih IK, Zendehboudi S, Harharah HN, Harharah RH. A review on development and modification strategies of MOFs Z-scheme heterojunction for photocatalytic wastewater treatment, water splitting, and DFT calculations. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32861. [PMID: 39027550 PMCID: PMC11255594 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing water pollution and decreasing energy reserves have emerged as growing concerns for the environment. These pollution are due to the dangerous effects of numerous pollutants on humans and aquatic organisms, such as hydrocarbons, biphenyls, pesticides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and metal ions. On the other hand, the need for a clean environment, finding alternatives to fossil and renewable fuels is very important. Hydrogen (H2) is regarded as a viable and promising substitute for fossil fuels, and a range of methodologies have been devised to generate this particular source of energy. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new generation of nanoporous coordination polymers whose crystal structure is composed of the juxtaposition of organic and inorganic constituent units. Due to their flexible nature, regular structure, and high surface area, these materials have attracted much attention for removing various pollutants from water and wastewater, and water splitting. MOFs Z-scheme heterojunctions have been identified as an economical and eco-friendly method for eliminating pollutants from wastewater systems, and producing H2. Their low-cost synthesis and unique properties increase their application in various energy and environment fields. The heterojunctions possess diverse properties, such as exceptional surface area, making them ideal for degradation and separation. The development and formulation of Z-scheme heterojunctions photocatalytic systems using MOFs, which possess stable and potent redox capability, have emerged as a successful approach for addressing environmental pollution and energy shortages in recent times. Through the utilization of the benefits offered by MOFs Z-scheme heterojunctions photocatalysts, such as efficient separation and migration of charge carriers, extensive spectrum of light absorption, among other advantages, notable enhancements can be attained. This review encompasses the synthesis techniques, structure, and properties of MOFs Z-scheme heterojunctions, and their extensive use in treating various wastewaters, including dyes, pharmaceuticals, and heavy metals, and water splitting. Also, it provides an overview of the mechanisms, pathways, and various theoretical and practical aspects for MOFs Z-scheme heterojunctions. Finally, it thoroughly assesses existing challenges and suggests further research on the promising applications of MOFs Z-scheme in industrial-scale wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Elmi Fard
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nisreen S. Ali
- Materials Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Noori M. Cata Saady
- Department of Civil Engineering, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X5, Canada
| | - Talib M. Albayati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology- Iraq, 52 Alsinaa St., PO Box, 35010, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Issam K. Salih
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
| | - Sohrab Zendehboudi
- Department of Process Engineering, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X5, Canada
| | - Hamed N. Harharah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61411, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramzi H. Harharah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Long X, Li R, Wan J, Zhong Z, Ye Y, Yang J, Luo J, Xia J, Liu Y. Enhanced Chromium (VI) Removal by Micron-Scale Zero-Valent Iron Pretreated with Aluminum Chloride under Aerobic Conditions. Molecules 2024; 29:2350. [PMID: 38792211 PMCID: PMC11123959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Micron-scale zero-valent iron (ZVI)-based material has been applied for hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) decontamination in wastewater treatment and groundwater remediation, but the passivation problem has limited its field application. In this study, we combined aluminum chloride solution with ZVI (pcZVI-AlCl3) to enhance Cr(VI) removal behavior under aerobic conditions. The optimal pre-corrosion conditions were found to be 2.5 g/L ZVI, 0.5 mM AlCl3, and a 4 h preconditioning period. Different kinds of techniques were applied to detect the properties of preconditioned ZVI and corrosion products. The 57Fe Mössbauer spectra showed that proportions of ZVI, Fe3O4, and FeOOH in pcZVI-AlCl3 were 49.22%, 34.03%, and 16.76%, respectively. The formation of Al(OH)3 in the corrosion products improved its pHpzc (point of zero charge) for Cr(VI) adsorption. Continuous-flow experiments showed its great potential for Cr(VI) removal in field applications. The ZVI and corrosion products showed a synergistic effect in enhancing electron transfer for Cr(VI) removal. The mechanisms underlying Cr(VI) removal by pcZVI-AlCl3 included adsorption, reduction, and precipitation, and the contribution of adsorption was less. This work provides a new strategy for ZVI pre-corrosion to improve its longevity and enhance Cr(VI) removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Long
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Jun Wan
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhong
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Yuxuan Ye
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Jiazhi Yang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Jun Luo
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Jin Xia
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Yaomeng Liu
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
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Ali S, Ismail PM, Khan M, Dang A, Ali S, Zada A, Raziq F, Khan I, Khan MS, Ateeq M, Khan W, Bakhtiar SH, Ali H, Wu X, Shah MIA, Vinu A, Yi J, Xia P, Qiao L. Charge transfer in TiO 2-based photocatalysis: fundamental mechanisms to material strategies. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:4352-4377. [PMID: 38275275 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04534j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Semiconductor-based photocatalysis has attracted significant interest due to its capacity to directly exploit solar energy and generate solar fuels, including water splitting, CO2 reduction, pollutant degradation, and bacterial inactivation. However, achieving the maximum efficiency in photocatalytic processes remains a challenge owing to the speedy recombination of electron-hole pairs and the limited use of light. Therefore, significant endeavours have been devoted to addressing these issues. Specifically, well-designed heterojunction photocatalysts have been demonstrated to exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity through the physical distancing of electron-hole pairs generated during the photocatalytic process. In this review, we provide a systematic discussion ranging from fundamental mechanisms to material strategies, focusing on TiO2-based heterojunction photocatalysts. Current efforts are focused on developing heterojunction photocatalysts based on TiO2 for a variety of photocatalytic applications, and these projects are explained and assessed. Finally, we offer a concise summary of the main insights and challenges in the utilization of TiO2-based heterojunction photocatalysts for photocatalysis. We expect that this review will serve as a valuable resource to improve the efficiency of TiO2-based heterojunctions for energy generation and environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharafat Ali
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology, Huzhou 313001, China
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
| | - Pir Muhammad Ismail
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology, Huzhou 313001, China
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Shannxi Engineering Laboratory for Graphene New Carbon Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Alei Dang
- Shannxi Engineering Laboratory for Graphene New Carbon Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, PR China
| | - Sajjad Ali
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology, Huzhou 313001, China
- Energy, Water and Environment Lab, College of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Zada
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Fazal Raziq
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
| | - Imran Khan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Key Laboratory for Super-microstructure and Ultrafast Process, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Shakeel Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ateeq
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Waliullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Syedul Hasnain Bakhtiar
- School of Integrated Circuits, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics of the Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Haider Ali
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Muhammad Ishaq Ali Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Jiabao Yi
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Pengfei Xia
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology, Huzhou 313001, China
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
| | - Liang Qiao
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology, Huzhou 313001, China
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
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Dash S, Tripathy SP, Subudhi S, Behera P, Mishra BP, Panda J, Parida K. A Visible Light-Driven α-MnO 2/UiO-66-NH 2 S-Scheme Photocatalyst toward Ameliorated Oxy-TCH Degradation and H 2 Evolution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:4514-4530. [PMID: 38350006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c04050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalytic hydrogen production and pollutant degradation using a heterogeneous photocatalyst remains an alternative route for mitigating the impending pollution and energy crisis. Hence, the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly semiconducting materials with high solar light captivation nature is imperative. To overcome this challenge, α-MnO2 nanorod (NR)-modified MOF UiO-66-NH2 (UNH) was prepared via a facile solvothermal method, which is efficient toward H2 evolution and oxy-tetracycline hydrochloride (O-TCH) degradation. The field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) results of the α-MnO2@UNH (MnU) hybrid reveals its nanorod embedded in MOF matrix, and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) result confirms the interaction of UNH moiety with α-MnO2 NRs. Additionally, the outstanding separation of photogenerated excitons and the charge-transfer efficacy are further validated by photoluminescence (PL), time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and transient photocurrent analysis, which are the key causes for photoactivity augmentation in the MnU composites. The MnU-2 composite shows a superior O-TCH degradation efficiency of 93.23% and an excellent H2 production rate of about 410.6 μmol h-1 upon light irradiation. This study provides significant evidence in favor of the suggested mediator-free S-scheme-adapted charge migration path, and it effectively explains the enhanced exciton separation leading to extraordinary catalytic efficiency of the proposed composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srabani Dash
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusnadhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751030, Odisha, India
| | - Suraj Prakash Tripathy
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusnadhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751030, Odisha, India
| | - Satyabrata Subudhi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pragyandeepti Behera
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusnadhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751030, Odisha, India
| | | | - Jayashree Panda
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusnadhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751030, Odisha, India
| | - Kulamani Parida
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusnadhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar 751030, Odisha, India
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Jabbar ZH, Graimed BH, Hamzah Najm H, Ammar SH, Taher AG. Reasonable decoration of CuO/Cd 0.5Zn 0.5S nanoparticles onto flower-like Bi 5O 7I as boosted step-scheme photocatalyst for reinforced photodecomposition of bisphenol A and Cr(VI) reduction in wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119302. [PMID: 37866185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Building S-scheme heterostructures is a sophisticated approach to receiving outstanding catalysts for environmental detoxification. Herein, ternary CuO/Cd0.5Zn0.5S/Bi5O7I (CO/CZS/BOI) nanocomposites were constructed by in-situ decorating of CuO and Cd0.5Zn0.5S nanoparticles onto Bi5O7I micro-sphere in a facile route. The optimal CO/CZS/BOI reflected reinforced bisphenol A (BPA) photo-oxidation (95% in 70 min) and Cr(VI) photo-reduction (96.6 in 60 min) under visible light. Besides, CO/CZS/BOI afforded 5.10 (4.44), 4.42 (3.71), and 6.60 (5.27) fold reinforcement in the BPA (Cr(VI)) photo-reaction rate compared to BOI, CZS, and CO, respectively. This behavior was linked to the development of S-scheme mechanisms resulting from the co-effects of BOI, CZS, and CO in retaining the optimum redox capacity, facilitating the dissolution of photo-carriers, increasing reactive sites, and strengthening the visible-light response. The parameters influencing the catalytic reaction of CO/CZS/BOI, such as light intensity, catalyst dosage, and pH, were deeply studied. The quenching tests declared the prominent roles •O2- and •OH in the breaking down of BPA and the participation of electrons and •O2- in the photocatalytic conversion of Cr(VI). The cyclic tests verified the robust photostability of CO/CZS/BOI, which is associated with the reintegration process between the free h+ coming from CZS and the photo-induced e- of CO and BOI in the S-scheme system. In conclusion, the present study provides a profound understanding of the photo-reaction mechanism of CO/CZS/BOI and introduces a novel concept for constructing a superior dual-Scheme system for efficient wastewater detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid H Jabbar
- Building and Construction Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq.
| | - Bassim H Graimed
- Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Saad H Ammar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq; College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Athraa G Taher
- Ministry of Oil, Oil Pipelines Company, Daura, Baghdad, Iraq
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Liu D, Liu X, Guo Z, Li Q, Yang J, Xing H, Chen D. Aluminum-Porphyrin Metal-Organic Frameworks for Visible-Light Photocatalytic and Sonophotocatalytic Cr(VI) Reduction. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19812-19820. [PMID: 37988065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, four isostructural aluminum-based porphyrin metal-organic frameworks [Al-TCPP(M), M = H2 and Zn] with different morphologies and sizes were synthesized by the hydrothermal method. By adjusting the hydrothermal reaction time and the types of porphyrin ligands, Al-TCPP(M) MOFs exhibited diverse morphologies including tetragonal, rectangular, and carambola-like phase. In view of the introduction of porphyrin ligands and the strong coordination effect of Al-O units, Al-TCPP(M) MOFs exhibited good chemical stability, broad visible light harvesting capability, and fast photogenerated charge response. Four Al-TCPP(M) MOFs exhibited excellent photocatalytic activities for Cr(VI) in aqueous solution. Notably, the regulation to the nanoscale carambola-like morphology of Al-TCPP MOFs and metallization of the porphyrin ligand promoted the Cr(VI) photoreduction reaction where the catalytic activity of metallic carambola-like Al-TCPP increased 1.7 times compared to that of nonmetallic tetragonal MOFs. With the assistance of sonophotocatalysis, the Cr(VI) average reduction rates reached 0.658, 0.542, 0.785, and 0.629 mg·L-1·min-1 for Al-TCPP(H2)-24h, Al-TCPP(H2)-72h, Al-TCPP(Zn)-24h, and Al-TCPP(Zn)-72h, which are 1.2-1.4 times higher than that of photocatalysis. UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, electronic spin resonance, and fluorescence spectroscopy experiments demonstrated that the synergistic effect of photochemistry and sonochemistry promoted the transfer of photogenerated electrons from Al-TCPP(M) to Cr(VI), thus enhancing the catalytic activity. The combination of the sonophotocatalytic technology with aluminum-porphyrin MOFs may become an effective strategy to improve MOF-based photocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhifen Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biofunctional Molecules, School of Life Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Second Normal University, No. 6 Xinhe West Road, Nan Jing 211200, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Synthetic Chemicals, No. 65 Xinhua East Street, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Hongzhu Xing
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, No. 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Dashu Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
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Wang L, Zhang K, Qian J, Qiu M, Li N, Du H, Hu X, Fu Y, Tan M, Hao D, Wang Q. S-scheme MOF-on-MOF heterojunctions for enhanced photo-Fenton Cr(VI) reduction and antibacterial effects. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140277. [PMID: 37769912 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The photocatalytic efficiency is commonly restrained by inferior charge separation rate. Herein, the S-scheme MIL-100(Fe)/NH2-MIL-125(Ti) (MN) photo-Fenton catalyst with the built-in electric field (BEF) was successfully constructed by a simple ball-milling technique. As a result, the MN-3 (the mass ratio of MIL-100(Fe) to NH2-MIL-125(Ti) was 3) composite presented the best visible-light-induced photocatalytic ability, in contrast to pure MIL-100(Fe) and NH2-MIL-125(Ti). The reduction efficiency of Cr(VI) almost reached 100% within 35 min of illumination. Moreover, the MN-3 heterojunction also exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, and about 100% E. coli and more than 90% S. aureus were killed within 60 min of illumination. In photo-Fenton system, In the photo-Fenton system, e-, O2•- and Fe2+ played vital roles for Cr(VI) reduction, and •OH, h+ and O2•- and 1O2 were responsible for sterilization. Additionally, 5 cyclic tests and relevant characterizations confirmed the excellent repeatability and stability of the composite. Also, the S-scheme charge transfer process was put forward. This work offers a novel idea for establishing the MOF-on-MOF photo-Fenton catalyst for high-efficiency environmental mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Kejie Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jianying Qian
- CCTEG Hangzhou Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Mengyi Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ningyi Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Hao Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Xiao Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yangjie Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Meng Tan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Derek Hao
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
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Nasari Z, Taherimehr M. Optimization of Visible-Light-Driven Ciprofloxacin Degradation Using a Z-Scheme Semiconductor MgFe 2O 4/UiO-67. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:14357-14373. [PMID: 37766455 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A heterogeneous photocatalyst, MgFe2O4/UiO-67 (MU-x), was successfully synthesized by doping magnetic magnesium ferrite nanoparticles (MgFe2O4) with the UiO-67 metal-organic framework at various weight ratios (MgFe2O4: UiO-67 at 30, 50, 70, and 90 wt %). Various techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) , Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), photoluminescence (PL), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS), were used to characterize the prepared photocatalysts. The photocatalytic performance of MU-x in the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) under visible light was assessed. The CIP degradation efficiency was found to increase as the amount of MgFe2O4 in the composite was increased up to 70 wt %. Experimental conditions were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on central composite design (CCD) with three factors: initial pH, catalyst loading, and CIP concentration. Using the obtained model, the optimal conditions were determined as follows: initial pH of 8.025, catalyst loading of 33.8 wt %, and CIP concentration of 10.8 mg/L. Under these optimal conditions, a notable improvement was achieved, with 99.62% of CIP removal achieved within 90 min, surpassing the performance of previously reported photocatalysts. Total organic carbon (TOC) analysis revealed a high degree of mineralization, at 81.25%. The degradation pathway of CIP was investigated based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Finally, the values of ECB and EVB of the photocatalyst were determined and the possible degradation mechanism of CIP was investigated based on Mott-Schottky and the applied scavengers. The hydroxyl radical (•OH) was identified as the dominant species in the removal of CIP through a trapping experiment. The photocatalyst with 70 wt % of MgFe2O4 (MU-70) exhibited excellent stability and recoverability with an external magnet, demonstrating 86.33% CIP removal after four cycles. According to the obtained results, MU-70 is a promising visible-light-active photocatalyst with great potential for water treatment applications and convenient recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoha Nasari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol 4714871167, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Taherimehr
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol 4714871167, Iran
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Zhang Y, Sun M, Lu Y, Peng M, Du E, Xu X. Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots Encapsulated a Polyoxomolybdate-Based Coordination Polymer as a Sensitive Platform for Trace Tetracycline Determination in Water. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2676. [PMID: 37836317 PMCID: PMC10574045 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The requirement of simple, efficient and accurate detection of tetracycline (TC) in water environments poses new challenges for sensing platform development. Here, we report a simple method for TC sensing via fluorescence detection based on metal-organic coordination polymers (MOCPs, (4-Hap)4(Mo8O26)) coated with nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs). These NCDs@(4-Hap)4(Mo8O26) composites showed excellent luminescence features of NCDs with stable bright-blue emission under UV light. The results of the sensing experiment showed that the fluorescence of NCDs@(4-Hap)4(Mo8O26) can be quenched by TC (166 µM) with 94.1% quenching efficiency via the inner filter effect (IFE) in a short time (10 s), with a detection limit (LOD) of 33.9 nM in a linear range of 8-107 µM. More significantly, NCDs@(4-Hap)4(Mo8O26) showed a high selectivity for TC sensing in the presence of anions and metal cations commonly found in water environments and can be reused in at least six cycles after washing with alcohol. The potential practicality of NCDs@(4-Hap)4(Mo8O26) was verified by sensing TC in real water samples with the standard addition method, and satisfactory recoveries from 91.95% to 104.72% were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- School of Urban Construction, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Minrui Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yang Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Mingguo Peng
- School of Urban Construction, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Erdeng Du
- School of Urban Construction, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xia Xu
- School of Urban Construction, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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10
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Zhang S, Li C, Ke C, Liu S, Yao Q, Huang W, Dang Z, Guo C. Extracellular polymeric substances sustain photoreduction of Cr(VI) by Shewanella oneidensis-CdS biohybrid system. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120339. [PMID: 37482009 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitized biohybrid system (PBS) enables bacteria to exploit light energy harvested by semiconductors for rapid pollutants transformation, possessing a promising future for water reclamation. Maintaining a biocompatible environment under photocatalytic conditions is the key to developing PBS-based treatment technologies. Natural microbial cells are surrounded by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that either be tightly bound to the cell wall (i.e., tightly bound EPS, tbEPS) or loosely associated with cell surface (i.e., loosely bound EPS, lbEPS), which provide protection from unfavorable environment. We hypothesized that providing EPS fractions can enhance bacterial viability under adverse environment created by photocatalytic reactions. We constructed a model PBS consisting of Shewanella oneidensis and CdS using Cr(VI) as the target pollutant. Results showed complete removal of 25 mg/L Cr(VI) within 90 min without an electron donor, which may mainly rely on the synergistic effect of CdS and bacteria on photoelectron transfer. Long-term cycling experiment of pristine PBS and PBS with extra EPS fractions (including lbEPS and tbEPS) for Cr(VI) treatment showed that PBS with extra lbEPS achieved efficient Cr(VI) removal within five consecutive batch treatment cycles, compared to the three cycles both in pristine PBS and PBS with tbEPS. After addition of lbEPS, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was greatly reduced via the EPS-capping effect and quenching effect, and the toxic metal internalization potential was lowered by complexation with Cd and Cr, resulting in enhanced bacterial viability during photocatalysis. This facile and efficient cytoprotective method helps the rational design of PBS for environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Changhao Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Changdong Ke
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Yao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weilin Huang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chuling Guo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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11
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Efficient ciprofloxacin removal over Z-scheme ZIF-67/V-BiOIO3 heterojunctions: Insight into synergistic effect between adsorption and photocatalysis. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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12
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Du A, Fu H, Wang P, Wang CC. Enhanced photo-Fenton activity and stability for sulfamethoxazole degradation by FeS 2@TiO 2 heterojunction derived from MIL-125. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 322:138221. [PMID: 36828116 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
FT-x composites with core-shell structure (FT = FeS2@TiO2, x represents the mass ratio of the used FeCl3·6H2O to MIL-125) were fabricated by a hydrothermal method using MIL-125(Ti) as a self-sacrificing template. Both the photo-Fenton activity and stability of the FT-1 were improved greatly in comparison with its counterparts due to the unique core-shell structure and synergistic effect between FeS2 and TiO2. Especially, the Fe leaching concentration of FT-1 was approximately 1/10 of the individual FeS2, benefiting from the protection effect of TiO2 shell. Under dark condition, the formed FeOOH occupied active sites and inhibited iron cycle as well as H2O2 decomposition, leading to the inactivation of FT-1. UV light irradiation not only boosted the catalytic activity but also prevented the FT-1 from reactivity decline owning to the regeneration of Fe2+ by photogenerated electrons and continuous generation of ·OH. Experimental and DFT calculation results indicated that a type-II heterojunction was formed, in which photogenerated electrons were transferred from FeS2 core to TiO2 shell, accelerating charge separation and further boosting sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation. FT-1 displayed outstanding photo-Fenton activity in wide pH ranged from 2 to 6 and good anti-interfering ability toward impurities in water matrix. Besides, the reusability of FT-1 was good, in which 90% SMX degradation was maintained even after 5 runs. Noteworthy, the photo-Fenton activity was recovered via a revulcanization process, in which FeOOH was completely transformed into FeS2. This founding provided insights for the design and construction of heterojunction with both excellent photo-Fenton activity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aofei Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Huifen Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chong-Chen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China.
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13
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Ren X, Wang CC, Li Y, Wang P, Gao S. Defective SO 3H-MIL-101(Cr) for capturing different cationic metal ions: Performances and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130552. [PMID: 36502718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
For broad-spectrum adsorption and capture toward cationic metal ions, a facile strategy was adopted to fabricate defective SO3H-MIL-101(Cr) (SS-SO3H-MIL-101(Cr)-X, X = 2, 3, 4) with enhanced vacancies using seignette salt (SS) as the modulating agent. The boosted adsorption performances of SS-SO3H-MIL-101(Cr)-X toward eight different ions, including Ag+, Cs+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Eu3+ and La3+ in both individual component and mixed component systems, could be ascribed to the effective mass transfer resulting from the exposure of defective sites. Especially, the optimal SS-SO3H-MIL-101(Cr)-3 could remove all the selected metal cations to below the permissible limits required by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the continuous-flow water treatment system. Furthermore, SS-SO3H-MIL-101(Cr)-3 exhibited good adsorption capacity (189.6 mg·g-1) toward Pb2+ under neutral condition and excellent desorption recirculation performance (removal efficiency > 95% after 5 cycles). Moreover, the adsorption mechanism involved the electrostatic adsorption and coordinative interactions resulting from complexation between the adsorption active sites and targeted cations (like Cr-O-M and S-O-M), which were explored systematically via both X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) determination and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Overall, this work provided guidance for modulating SS-SO3H-MIL-101(Cr)-X to promote its potential application in widespread metal cations removal from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chong-Chen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shijie Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China; Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
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14
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Zhang ZC, Wang FX, Wang F, Wang CC, Wang P. Efficient atrazine degradation via photoactivated SR-AOP over S-BUC-21(Fe): The formation and contribution of different reactive oxygen species. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Facile preparation of cyclized polyacrylonitrile modified FeWO4 with superior visible-light-driven photocatalysis. POWDER TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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16
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Zhang H, Luo YH, Chen FY, Geng WY, Lu XX, Zhang DE. Enhancing the spatial separation of photogenerated charges on Fe-based MOFs via structural regulation for highly-efficient photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129875. [PMID: 36067554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although iron-based metal-organic frameworks (Fe-MOFs) have displayed the photocatalytic activity, there is still abundant room for improving their photocatalytic performance through tuning the structures. In this work, four novel iron-based metal-organic frameworks (Fe-MOFs) were successfully synthesized via ligand modulation for better photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction, in which MTBDC-TPT-Fe had the highest catalytic activity (MTBDC = 2,5-bis(methylthio)terephthalic acid, TPT = 2,4,6-tri(4-pyridyl)- 1,3,5-triazine). The boosted photocatalytic reduction may be mainly ascribed to the enhanced electron push-pull effect between iron-oxygen clusters and organic ligands. The introduction of -SCH3 groups can enhance the light absorption and donate electrons to iron center under visible-light irradiation, meanwhile the separation and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers can be enhanced resulting from the electron-pulling effect when introducing TPT. Moreover, enhanced specific surface areas and positive skeleton charge due to the introduction of TPT may improve active sites exposure and Cr(VI) adsorption, thereby enhancing photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction activity without the presence of any assisted scavengers. In addition, the photocatalytic mechanism (i.e. active species) were also studied and presented. This work confirmed an effective structure-performance regulation strategy on Fe-MOFs for photocatalytic Cr(VI) reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, PR China.
| | - Yu-Hui Luo
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, PR China.
| | - Feng-Yu Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, PR China.
| | - Wu-Yue Geng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, PR China.
| | - Xin-Xin Lu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, PR China.
| | - Dong-En Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222000, PR China.
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17
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Wang FX, Zhang ZC, Yi XH, Wang CC, Wang P, Wang CY, Yu B. A micron-sized Co-MOF sheet to activate peroxymonosulfate for efficient organic pollutant degradation. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00791f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A Co-MOF with a 2D morphology (BUC-92) was prepared, which exhibited outstanding rhodamine B (RhB) degradation performance via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Xue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
- Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial, and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Zi-Chen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
- Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial, and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
- Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial, and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Chong-Chen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
- Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial, and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
- Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial, and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Chao-Yang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Building Structure and Environment Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
- Beijing Energy Conservation & Sustainable Urban and Rural Development Provincial, and Ministry Co-construction Collaboration Innovation Center, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, PR China
| | - Baoyi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biological Sciences Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
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