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Prihandana GS, Maulana SS, Soedirdjo RS, Tanujaya V, Pramesti DMA, Sriani T, Jamaludin MF, Yusof F, Mahardika M. Preparation and Characterization of Polyethersulfone/Activated Carbon Composite Membranes for Water Filtration. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:906. [PMID: 38132910 PMCID: PMC10744510 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13120906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafiltration membrane technology holds promise for wastewater treatment, but its widespread application is hindered by fouling and flux reduction issues. One effective strategy for enhancing ultrafiltration membranes involves incorporating activated carbon powder. In this study, composite polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membranes were fabricated to include activated carbon powder concentrations between 0 and 1.5 wt.%, with carbon size fixed at 200 mesh. The ultrafiltration membranes were evaluated in terms of membrane morphology, hydrophilicity, pure water flux, equilibrium water content, porosity, average pore size, protein separation, and E-coli bacteria removal. It was found that the addition of activated carbon to PES membranes resulted in improvements in some key properties. By incorporating activated carbon powder, the hydrophilicity of PES membranes was enhanced, lowering the contact angle from 60° to 47.3° for composite membranes (1.0 wt.% of activated carbon) compared to the pristine PES membrane. Water flux tests showed that the 1.0 wt.% composite membrane yielded the highest flux, with an improvement of nearly double the initial value at 2 bar, without compromising bovine serum albumin rejection or bacterial removal capabilities. This study also found that the inclusion of activated carbon had a minor impact on the membrane's porosity and equilibrium water content. Overall, these insights will be beneficial in determining the optimal concentration of activated carbon powder for PES ultrafiltration membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunawan Setia Prihandana
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; (S.S.M.); (R.S.S.); (V.T.); (D.M.A.P.)
| | - Sayed Sulthan Maulana
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; (S.S.M.); (R.S.S.); (V.T.); (D.M.A.P.)
| | - Rahmat Santoso Soedirdjo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; (S.S.M.); (R.S.S.); (V.T.); (D.M.A.P.)
| | - Venni Tanujaya
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; (S.S.M.); (R.S.S.); (V.T.); (D.M.A.P.)
| | - Desak Made Adya Pramesti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; (S.S.M.); (R.S.S.); (V.T.); (D.M.A.P.)
| | - Tutik Sriani
- Department of Research and Development, PT. Global Meditek Utama—IITOYA, Sardonoharjo, Ngaglik, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55581, Indonesia;
| | - Mohd Fadzil Jamaludin
- Centre of Advanced Manufacturing & Material Processing (AMMP Centre), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (M.F.J.); (F.Y.)
| | - Farazila Yusof
- Centre of Advanced Manufacturing & Material Processing (AMMP Centre), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (M.F.J.); (F.Y.)
- Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Muslim Mahardika
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Grafika No. 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia;
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