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Li Y, Saparov G, Zeng T, Abuduwaili J, Ma L. Geochemical behavior of rare earth elements in agricultural soils along the Syr Darya River within the Aral Sea Basin. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:493. [PMID: 38691227 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The widespread use of rare earth elements (REEs) across various industries makes them a new type of pollutant. Additionally, REEs are powerful indicators of geochemical processes. As one of the two main rivers in the Aral Sea, identifying the geochemical behavior of REEs in agricultural soils of the Syr Darya River is of great significance for subsequent indicative studies. In this study, the geochemical characteristics, influencing factors, and potential application significance of REEs in agricultural soils from three sampling areas along the Syr Darya River were analyzed using soil geography and elemental geochemical analyses. The results showed that the highest total concentration of REEs in the agricultural soil was in Area I, with a mean value of 142.49 μg/g, followed by Area III with a mean value of 124.56 μg/g, and the lowest concentration was in Area II with a mean value of 122.48 μg/g. The agricultural soils in the three regions were enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs), with mean L/H values of 10.54, 10.13, and 10.24, respectively. The differentiation between light and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) was also high. The concentration of REEs in agricultural soil along the Syr Darya River was primarily influenced by minerals such as monazite and zircon, rather than human activities (the pollution index of all REEs was less than 1.5). The relationship between Sm and Gd can differentiate soils impacted by agricultural activities from natural background soils. The results of this study can serve as a basis for indicative studies of REEs in Central Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Galymzhan Saparov
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Kazakh Research Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry Named After U. U. Uspanov, Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
| | - Tao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jilili Abuduwaili
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Utilization in Arid Zone, Urumqi, 830011, China.
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Slavković-Beškoski L, Ignjatović L, Ćujić M, Vesković J, Trivunac K, Stojaković J, Perić-Grujić A, Onjia A. Ecological and Health Risks Attributed to Rare Earth Elements in Coal Fly Ash. TOXICS 2024; 12:71. [PMID: 38251026 PMCID: PMC10818428 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution of yttrium and rare earth elements (REYs), along with major elements and heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) in coal fly ash (CFA) from five coal-fired power plants (CFPPs), were analyzed, and the REY-associated ecological and health risks were assessed. The individual REYs in CFA were abundant in the following order: Ce > La > Nd > Y > Pr > Gd > Sm > Dy > Er > Yb > Eu > Ho > Tb > Tm > Lu. The total REY content ranged from 135 to 362 mg/kg, averaging 302 mg/kg. The mean light-to-heavy REY ratio was 4.1, indicating prevalent light REY enrichment in CFA. Significantly positive correlations between the REYs suggested that they coexist and share similar origins in CFA. REYs were estimated to pose low to moderate ecological risks, with risk index (RI) values ranging from 66 to 245. The hazard index (HI) and target cancer risk (TCR) of REYs from CFA, estimated to be higher for children (HIc = 0.15, TCRc = 8.4 × 10-16) than for adults (HIa = 0.017, TCRa = 3.6 × 10-16), were well below the safety limits (HI = 1, TCR = 1.0 × 10-6). However, the danger to human health posed by HMs in the same CFA samples (HIc = 5.74, TCRc = 2.6 × 10-4, TCRa = 1.1 × 10-4) exceeded the safe thresholds (excl. HIa = 0.63). The mean RI and HI attributed to REYs in CFA were 14% and 2.6%, respectively, of the total risks that include HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ljubiša Ignjatović
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Ćujić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12-14, 11351 Vinča, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vesković
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Trivunac
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Stojaković
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Perić-Grujić
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Antonije Onjia
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
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Vesković J, Lučić M, Ristić M, Perić-Grujić A, Onjia A. Spatial Variability of Rare Earth Elements in Groundwater in the Vicinity of a Coal-Fired Power Plant and Associated Health Risk. TOXICS 2024; 12:62. [PMID: 38251017 PMCID: PMC10820410 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the occurrence and distribution of rare earth elements (REEs), including 14 lanthanoids, scandium (Sc), and yttrium (Y), in groundwater around a large coal-fired thermal power plant (TPP). The ICP-MS technique was used to analyze 16 REEs in groundwater samples collected from monitoring wells. REE concentrations ranged from 59.9 to 758 ng/L, with an average of 290 ng/L. The most abundant was Sc, followed by La, accounting for 54.2% and 21.4% of the total REE concentration, respectively. Geospatial analysis revealed the REE enrichment at several hotspots near the TPP. The highest REE concentrations were observed near the TPP and ash landfill, decreasing with the distance from the plant and the landfill. REE fractionation ratios and anomalies suggested the Light REE dominance, comprising over 78% of the total REEs. Correlation and principal component analyses indicated similar behavior and sources for most REEs. Health risk assessment found hazard indices (HI) of 1.36 × 10-3 and 1.98 × 10-3 for adults and children, respectively, which are far below the permissible limit (HI = 1). Likewise, incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCR) were all below 1 × 10-6. Nevertheless, ongoing ash disposal and potential accumulation in the environment could elevate the REE exposure over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Vesković
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Lučić
- Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Ristić
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Perić-Grujić
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Antonije Onjia
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia
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Li D, Jiang C, Jiang C, Liu F, Zhu Q. Geochemical characteristics and migration patterns of rare earth elements in coal mining subsidence lakes under the influence of multiple factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166668. [PMID: 37660822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Mining activities cause surface subsidence and the formation of subsidence lakes, which dynamically change with the continuous coal mining activities. Under the combined influence of various human activities such as agriculture, aquaculture, and floating photovoltaic (FPV), the lake environment undergoes continuous changes, thereby altering the geochemical characteristics of rare earth elements (REEs) in the sediment. This study focused on the subsidence lakes in the Huainan coalfield in eastern China to examine the REEs content in the sediment, elucidated the temporal variations and geochemical characteristics of REEs distribution, explored the main controlling factors of REEs in the sediment, and revealed the migration and transformation behavior of REEs during dynamic subsidence processes. The study revealed that the migration pattern of REEs in the sediment was closely related to the duration of subsidence. The average content of REEs in lake sediments with subsidence duration <5 years increased from 219 μg·g-1 to 248 μg·g-1 compared to the soil, showing an enrichment model primarily driven by rainwater runoff, groundwater input retention, and mineral dissolution. With further subsidence, the processes of reduction dissolution of Fe-Mn oxides/hydroxides, organic colloid adsorption, and hydraulic disturbance gradually replaced the aforementioned enrichment behavior as the main migration pathways, resulting in a decrease in the average REEs content in the sediment to 179 μg·g-1 for subsidence durations exceeding 10 years. There was no strong correlation between REEs fractionation and subsidence duration. Artificial activities, such as FPV, are important factors causing Cerium and Erbium anomalies in some subsidence lake sediments. This study was not only of significant importance for understanding the migration, distribution, and environmental behavior of pollutants in aquatic environments under the interference of human activities but also provided a solid theoretical foundation for the future management of coal mining subsidence lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Chunlu Jiang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China; School of Resources and Geoscience, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chenghong Jiang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Qiyu Zhu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
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Xia X, Jiang C, Hu M, Li Y. Geochemical characteristics and ecological risks of rare earth elements in river sediments of coal-grain composite area in eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1428. [PMID: 37938430 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Coal and grain complex areas influence the geochemical characterization of REEs through coal mining activities and agricultural production. However, there is a lack of relevant studies. In this study, we investigated the geochemical characterization and risk assessment of REEs in river sediments of the northern Anhui plain, a typical coal-grain composite area. The results showed that the average concentrations of ∑REE in the sediments ranged from 134.7 to 220.3 μg/g, and LREE was significantly enriched. Among the 14 REEs, Gd and Eu were the most enriched, with enrichment factors of 1.792 and 1.764, respectively. In addition, the differences in REEs content and enrichment between different rivers were related to the location of coal mines and the degree of population concentration. The average values of δCe and δEu in the sediments were 0.990 and 1.080, respectively, and most of the sampling sites showed a weak positive Ce, Eu anomaly. The results of Pearson's correlation and RDA redundancy analyses showed that Fe, Al, Mn and sand contributed more to the enrichment of REEs. The river sediments in the whole area had a slight potential ecological risk, with Eu (Er=13.05) and Lu (Er=14.07) having the highest potential risk. The ADD results also showed that the average daily dose of REEs by children was around 2.000 (μg/(kg·day)), which was significantly higher than that of adults. The results of this study can be used as a basis for the prevention and control of REEs in rivers in northern Anhui Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xia
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Chunlu Jiang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
- School of Resources and Geoscience, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Mingyu Hu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
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Lai J, Liu J, Wu D, Xu J. Pollution and health risk assessment of rare earth elements in Citrus sinensis growing soil in mining area of southern China. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15470. [PMID: 37304884 PMCID: PMC10252884 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Analyzing the pollution and health risk of rare earth elements (REEs) in crop-growing soils around rare earth deposits can facilitate the improvement of REE mining-influenced area. In this study, pollution status, fraction and anomaly, plant accumulation characteristics, and potential risks of REEs (including heavy and light rare earth elements, HREEs and LREEs) in C. sinensis planting soil near ion-adsorption deposits in southern Ganzhou were analyzed. The influence of the soil environment on REEs in soil and fruit of C. sinensis was also explored. Methods The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and ecological risk index(RI) were used to analyze the pollution potential and ecological risks of REEs in soils, respectively. Health risk index and translocation factor (TF) were applied to analyze the accumulation and health risks of REEs in fruit of C. sinensis. The influence of soil factors on REEs in soil and fruit of C. sinensis were determined via correlation and redundancy analysis. Results Comparison with background values and assessment of Igeo and RI indicated that the soil was polluted by REEs, albeit at varying degrees. Fractionation between LREEs and HREEs occurred, along with significant positive Ce anomaly and negative Eu anomaly. With TF values < 1, our results suggest that C. sinensis has a weak ability to accumulate REEs in its fruit. The concentrations of REEs in fruit differed between LREEs and HREEs, with content of HREE in fruit ordered as Jiading > Anxi > Wuyang and of LREE in fruit higher in Wuyang. Correlation and redundancy analysis indicated that K2O, Fe2O3 and TOC are important soil factors influencing REE accumulation by C. sinensis, with K2O positively related and Fe2O3 and TOC negatively related to the accumulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Lai
- School of Resources and Environment and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinfu Liu
- Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang, China
| | - Daishe Wu
- School of Resources and Environment and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, China
| | - Jinying Xu
- School of Resources and Environment and Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Traore M, He Y, Wang Y, Gong A, Qiu L, Bai Y, Liu Y, Zhang M, Chen Y, Huang X. Research progress on the content and distribution of rare earth elements in rivers and lakes in China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 191:114916. [PMID: 37058831 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study reviewed the content and distribution of rare earth elements (REE) in rivers and lakes in China based on the online literature. The sequence distribution of REE presented the decreasing trends in the order: of Ce > La > Nd > Pr > Sm > Gb > Dy>Er > Yb > Eu > Lu > Ho > Tb > Tm in rivers water. Pearl River and the Jiulong River constitute a significant sediments REE reservoir with an average value mean of 229.6 mg/kg and 266.86 mg/kg, respectively; both have higher concentrations than the global river average (174.8 mg/kg) and higher than the local soil background (Chinese soil background). The Liaohe River is one of China's most polluted rivers, with REE distribution ranging from 106.61 to 174.71 g/L (average 144.59 g/L in water). The total concentrations of dissolved REE in rivers near REE mining areas in China are higher than in other rivers. Increasing anthropogenic inputs to natural systems may permanently alter the natural signatures of REE. The distribution characteristics of REE in Chinese lakes (sediments) varied greatly, and the mean enrichment factor (EF) was sorted as follows: Ce > La > Nd > Pr > Sm > Gd > Dy>Er > Yb > Eu > Ho > Tb > Tm > Lu, where Ce was the most abundant followed by La, Nd, and Pr, and these four elements account for 85.39 % of the total concentration of REE. The REE in the sediments obtained from Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake had an average concentration respectively of 254.0 μg/g and 197.95 μg/g; both are considerably higher than the average upper continental crust (146.4 μg/g) and higher than in other lakes in China and around the world. The distribution and accumulation of LREE in most lake sediments result from the joint action of human activities and natural processes. It concluded that mining tailings were the primary cause of REE pollution in sediments, and industrial and agricultural activities are mainly responsible for water contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mory Traore
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yafei He
- Tianjin College, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Tianjin 301830, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Aijun Gong
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Lina Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuzhen Bai
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Baotou Water Quality Detection Technology Co., Ltd, Baotou 014000, China
| | - Yifan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Liu Q, Shi H, An Y, Ma J, Zhao W, Qu Y, Chen H, Liu L, Wu F. Source, environmental behavior and potential health risk of rare earth elements in Beijing urban park soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130451. [PMID: 36444807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) have been increasingly diffused to the environment due to their extensive use and application in industries, agriculture, and high-tech devices, which have been regarded as emerge pollutants. However, the study concerning REEs in urban soils is still limited. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the potential source and risk of REEs in urban environment. We analyzed the concentration and distribution of REEs in urban park soils, and performed a combination of micro geochemical method and random forest method to characterize the pollution sources of REEs. The results showed that the ΣREE concentrations in Beijing urban park soils ranged from 117.19 to 198.09 mg/kg. Spatial distribution indicated that the high concentrations of REEs were mainly concentrated in the west of Beijing near an industrial area. The geochemical parameters, micro spherules and random forest results confirmed the anthropogenic pollution sources from industry and traffic. Risk assessment showed that the average daily doses of total REEs for children and adults were far below the reference threshold with values of 0.08 and 0.02 µg/kg/day, respectively. Our study has exhibited that though the reconstruction of parks from abandoned industrial sites showed an accumulation of REEs, the health risk of REEs for human beings are negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Huading Shi
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yanfei An
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230000, China
| | - Jin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Wenhao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yajing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Fengcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Liu Z, Gu X, Lian M, Wang J, Xin M, Wang B, Ouyang W, He M, Liu X, Lin C. Occurrence, geochemical characteristics, enrichment, and ecological risks of rare earth elements in sediments of "the Yellow river-Estuary-bay" system. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:121025. [PMID: 36621719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that rare earth elements (REEs) are contaminants of emerging concern. Moreover, the understanding of the occurrence and risks of REEs in river-estuary-bay systems is limited. The present study investigated the distributions, geochemical characteristics, and ecological risks of Y and 14 REEs (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) in sediments from the Yellow River to its estuary and adjacent Laizhou Bay. The average total concentrations of Y and REEs in the sediments generally increased from the Yellow River (149 mg/kg) to the estuary (165 mg/kg) and Laizhou Bay (173 mg/kg). In the estuarine core sediments, the concentrations of Y, light REEs (LREEs), and heavy REEs (HREEs) were in the ranges of 19.5-31.4 mg/kg, 58.6-156 mg/kg, and 12.3-19.1 mg/kg, respectively, from the 1700s to 2018, showing no obvious increasing or decreasing trends. The surface and core sediments from the river to the bay were characterized by obvious fractionation between LREEs and HREEs. In sediments, Fe minerals and clay are believed to promote the accumulation of REEs, especially HREEs. The enrichment levels of REEs generally increased from the middle reaches of the Yellow River to the bay, and Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Yb, and Lu were the most enriched elements in the sediments. Lu had moderate potential ecological risks in sediments of "the Yellow River-estuary-bay" system, and other REEs had relatively low ecological risks. The potential ecological risk indices of Y and REEs ranged from 78.7 to 144, showing increasing trends from the Yellow River to its estuary and adjacent bay, which should raise concerns regarding emerging contaminant management around estuarine and coastal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Liu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiang Gu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Maoshan Lian
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ming Xin
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Baodong Wang
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Wei Ouyang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Mengchang He
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xitao Liu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chunye Lin
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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