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Ren Y, Wang G, Su Y, Li J, Zhang H, Ma G, Han J. Effect of CeO 2, TiO 2 and SiO 2 nanoparticles on the growth and quality of model medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza by acting on soil microenvironment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116552. [PMID: 38850694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a six-month pot experiment was conducted to explore the effects of nanoparticles (NPs), including CeO2, TiO2 and SiO2 NPs at 200 and 800 mg/kg, on the growth and quality of model medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza. A control group was implemented without the application of NPs. Results showed that NPs had no significant effect on root biomass. Treatment with 200 mg/kg of SiO2 NPs significantly increased the total tanshinone content by 44.07 %, while 200 mg/kg of CeO2 NPs were conducive to a 22.34 % increase in salvianolic acid B content. Exposure to CeO2 NPs induced a substantial rise in the MDA content in leaves (176.25 % and 329.15 % under low and high concentration exposure, respectively), resulting in pronounced oxidative stress. However, TiO2 and SiO2 NPs did not evoke a robust response from the antioxidant system. Besides, high doses of CeO2 NP-amended soil led to reduced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents. Furthermore, the NP amendment disturbed the carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the plant rhizosphere and reshaped the rhizosphere microbial community structure. The application of CeO2 and TiO2 NPs promoted the accumulation of metabolites with antioxidant functions, such as D-altrose, trehalose, arachidonic acid and ergosterol. NPs displayed a notable suppressive effect on pathogenic fungi (Fusarium and Gibberella) in the rhizosphere, while enriching beneficial taxa with disease resistance, heavy metal antagonism and plant growth promotion ability (Lysobacter, Streptomycetaceae, Bacillaceae and Hannaella). Correlation analysis indicated the involvement of rhizosphere microorganisms in plant adaptation to NP amendments. NPs regulate plant growth and quality by altering soil properties, rhizosphere microbial community structure, and influencing plant and rhizosphere microbe metabolism. These findings were beneficial to deepening the understanding of the mechanism by which NPs affect medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ren
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuying Su
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoxu Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianping Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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2
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Francis DV, Abdalla AK, Mahakham W, Sarmah AK, Ahmed ZFR. Interaction of plants and metal nanoparticles: Exploring its molecular mechanisms for sustainable agriculture and crop improvement. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108859. [PMID: 38970982 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles offer promising prospects in agriculture, enhancing plant growth and ensuring food security. Silver, gold, copper, and zinc nanoparticles possess unique properties making them attractive for plant applications. Understanding molecular interactions between metal nanoparticles and plants is crucial for unlocking their potential to boost crop productivity and sustainability. This review explores metal nanoparticles in agriculture, emphasizing the need to understand these interactions. By elucidating mechanisms, it highlights the potential for enhancing crop productivity, stress tolerance, and nutrient-use efficiency, contributing to sustainable agriculture and food security. Quantifying benefits and risks reveal significant advantages. Metal nanoparticles enhance crop productivity by 20% on average and reduce disease incidence by up to 50% when used as antimicrobial agents. They also reduce nutrient leaching by 30% and enhance soil carbon sequestration by 15%, but concerns about toxicity, adverse effects on non-target organisms, and nanoparticle accumulation in the food chain must be addressed. Metal nanoparticles influence cellular processes including sensing, signaling, transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications. They act as signaling molecules, activate stress-responsive genes, enhance defense mechanisms, and improve nutrient uptake. The review explores their catalytic role in nutrient management, disease control, precision agriculture, nano-fertilizers, and nano-remediation. A bibliometric analysis offers insights into the current research landscape, highlighting trends, gaps, and future directions. In conclusion, metal nanoparticles hold potential for revolutionizing agriculture, enhancing productivity, mitigating environmental stressors, and promoting sustainability. Addressing risks and gaps is crucial for their safe integration into agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali V Francis
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdelmoneim K Abdalla
- Food Science and Technology Department, College of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Wuttipong Mahakham
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Ajit K Sarmah
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zienab F R Ahmed
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
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3
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Khanchi S, Hashemi Khabir SH, Hashemi Khabir SH, Golmoghani Asl R, Rahimzadeh S. The role of magnesium oxide foliar sprays in enhancing mint (Mentha crispa L.) tolerance to cadmium stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14823. [PMID: 38937645 PMCID: PMC11211327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates using magnesium foliar spray to enhance mint plants' growth and physiological performance under cadmium toxicity. It examines the effects of foliar application of magnesium oxide (40 mg L-1), in both nano and bulk forms, on mint plants exposed to cadmium stress (60 mg kg-1 soil). Cadmium stress reduced root growth and activity, plant biomass (32%), leaf hydration (19%), chlorophyll levels (27%), magnesium content (51%), and essential oil yield (35%), while increasing oxidative and osmotic stress in leaf tissues. Foliar application of magnesium increased root growth (32%), plant biomass, essential oil production (17%), leaf area (24%), chlorophyll content (10%), soluble sugar synthesis (33%), and antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced lipid peroxidation and osmotic stress. Although the nano form of magnesium enhanced magnesium absorption, its impact on growth and physiological performance was not significantly different from the bulk form. Therefore, foliar application of both forms improves plants' ability to withstand cadmium toxicity. However, the study is limited by its focus on a single plant species and specific environmental conditions, which may affect the generalizability of the results. The long-term sustainability of such treatments could provide a more comprehensive understanding of magnesium's role in mitigating heavy metal stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Khanchi
- Department of Agronomy, Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | | | - Reza Golmoghani Asl
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Rahimzadeh
- Department of Plant Eco-Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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4
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Binjawhar DN, Alshegaihi RM, Alatawi A, Alenezi MA, Parveen A, Adnan M, Ali B, Khan KA, Fahad S, Fayad E. Exploring Bacillus mycoides PM35 efficacy in enhancing rice (Oryza sativa L.) response to different types of microplastics through gene regulation and cellular fractionation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33229-6. [PMID: 38632193 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33229-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Soil contamination with microplastics (MPs) is a persistent threat to crop production worldwide. With a wide range of MP types, including polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyethylene (PE), contaminating our environment, it is important to understand their impact on agricultural productivity. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different types of MPs (PS, PVC and PE) on various aspects of plant growth. Specifically, we examined growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, oxidative stress responses, antioxidant compound activity (both enzymatic and non-enzymatic), gene expression, proline metabolism, the AsA-GSH cycle and cellular fractionation and nutritional status, in different parts of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings, which were also exposed to plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), i.e. Bacillus mycoides PM35, i.e. 20 μL. The research outcomes indicated that the different types of MPs in the soil notably reduced plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange attributes. However, MP stress also induced oxidative stress in the roots and shoots of the plants by increasing malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and electrolyte leakage (EL) which also induced increased compounds of various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and also the gene expression. Furthermore, a significant increase in proline metabolism, the AsA-GSH cycle, and the fractionations of cellular components was observed. Although the application of B. mycoides PM35 showed a significant increase in plant growth and biomass, gas exchange characteristics, enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds and their gene expression and also decreased oxidative stress. In addition, the application of B. mycoides PM35 enhanced cellular fractionation and decreased the proline metabolism and AsA-GSH cycle in O. sativa plants. These results open new insights for sustainable agriculture practices and hold immense promise in addressing the pressing challenges of MP contamination in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalal Nasser Binjawhar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana M Alshegaihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, 21493, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aishah Alatawi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abida Parveen
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, 2120 Fyffe Rd, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Applied College, Center of Bee Research and Its Products, Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, and Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Eman Fayad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Yasin MU, Haider Z, Munir R, Zulfiqar U, Rehman M, Javaid MH, Ahmad I, Nana C, Saeed MS, Ali B, Gan Y. The synergistic potential of biochar and nanoparticles in phytoremediation and enhancing cadmium tolerance in plants. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141672. [PMID: 38479680 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is classified as a heavy metal (HM) and is found into the environment through both natural processes and intensified anthropogenic activities such as industrial operations, mining, disposal of metal-laden waste like batteries, as well as sludge disposal, excessive fertilizer application, and Cd-related product usage. This rising Cd disposal into the environment carries substantial risks to the food chain and human well-being. Inadequate regulatory measures have led to Cd bio-accumulation in plants, which is increasing in an alarming rate and further jeopardizing higher trophic organisms, including humans. In response, an effective Cd decontamination strategy such as phytoremediation emerges as a potent solution, with innovations in nanotechnology like biochar (BC) and nanoparticles (NPs) further augmenting its effectiveness for Cd phytoremediation. BC, derived from biomass pyrolysis, and a variety of NPs, both natural and less toxic, actively engage in Cd removal during phytoremediation, mitigating plant toxicity and associated hazards. This review scrutinizes the application of BC and NPs in Cd phytoremediation, assessing their synergistic mechanism in influencing plant growth, genetic regulations, structural transformations, and phytohormone dynamics. Additionally, the review also underscores the adoption of this sustainable and environmentally friendly strategies for future research in employing BC-NP microaggregates to ameliorate Cd phytoremediation from soil, thereby curbing ecological damage due to Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair Yasin
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zulqarnain Haider
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Raheel Munir
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rehman
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Haseeb Javaid
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Irshan Ahmad
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chen Nana
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Sulaman Saeed
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bahar Ali
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yinbo Gan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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6
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Ghouri F, Sarwar S, Sun L, Riaz M, Haider FU, Ashraf H, Lai M, Imran M, Liu J, Ali S, Liu X, Shahid MQ. Silicon and iron nanoparticles protect rice against lead (Pb) stress by improving oxidative tolerance and minimizing Pb uptake. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5986. [PMID: 38472251 PMCID: PMC10933412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is toxic to the development and growth of rice plants. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been considered one of the efficient remediation techniques to mitigate Pb stress in plants. Therefore, a study was carried out to examine the underlying mechanism of iron (Fe) and silicon (Si) nanoparticle-induced Pb toxicity alleviation in rice seedlings. Si-NPs (2.5 mM) and Fe-NPs (25 mg L-1) were applied alone and in combination to rice plants grown without (control; no Pb stress) and with (100 µM) Pb concentration. Our results revealed that Pb toxicity severely affected all rice growth-related traits, such as inhibited root fresh weight (42%), shoot length (24%), and chlorophyll b contents (26%). Moreover, a substantial amount of Pb was translocated to the above-ground parts of plants, which caused a disturbance in the antioxidative enzyme activities. However, the synergetic use of Fe- and Si-NPs reduced the Pb contents in the upper part of plants by 27%. It reduced the lethal impact of Pb on roots and shoots growth parameters by increasing shoot length (40%), shoot fresh weight (48%), and roots fresh weight (31%). Both Si and Fe-NPs synergistic application significantly elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) concentrations by 114%, 186%, 135%, and 151%, respectively, compared to plants subjected to Pb stress alone. The toxicity of Pb resulted in several cellular abnormalities and altered the expression levels of metal transporters and antioxidant genes. We conclude that the synergistic application of Si and Fe-NPs can be deemed favorable, environmentally promising, and cost-effective for reducing Pb deadliness in rice crops and reclaiming Pb-polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Ghouri
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Samreen Sarwar
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Lixia Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Humera Ashraf
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mingyu Lai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Muhammad Imran
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Muhammad Qasim Shahid
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Base Bank for Lingnan Rice Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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7
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Chen F, Jiang F, Okla MK, Abbas ZK, Al-Qahtani SM, Al-Harbi NA, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Gómez-Oliván LM. Nanoparticles synergy: Enhancing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cadmium tolerance with iron oxide and selenium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:169869. [PMID: 38218476 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is capturing great interest worldwide due to their stirring applications in various fields and also individual application of iron oxide nanoparticle (FeO - NPs) and selenium nanoparticles (Se - NPs) have been studied in many literatures. However, the combined application of FeO and Se - NPs is a novel approach and studied in only few studies. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted to examine various growth and biochemical parameters in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under the toxic concentration of cadmium (Cd) i.e., 50 mg kg-1 which were primed with combined application of two levels of FeO and Se - NPs i.e., 15 and 30 mg L-1 respectively. The results showed that the Cd toxicity in the soil showed a significantly (P < 0.05) declined in the growth, gas exchange attributes, sugars, AsA-GSH cycle, cellular fractionation, proline metabolism in T. aestivum. However, Cd toxicity significantly (P < 0.05) increased oxidative stress biomarkers, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants including their gene expression in T. aestivum. Although, the application of FeO and Se - NPs showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the plant growth and biomass, gas exchange characteristics, enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds and their gene expression and also decreased the oxidative stress, and Cd uptake. In addition, individual or combined application of FeO and Se - NPs enhanced the cellular fractionation and decreases the proline metabolism and AsA - GSH cycle in T. aestivum. These results open new insights for sustainable agriculture practices and hold immense promise in addressing the pressing challenges of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Chen
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Feifei Jiang
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Mohammad K Okla
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Khorshid Abbas
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Mesfir Al-Qahtani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadi Awad Al-Harbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa A Abdel-Maksoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón, intersección Paseo Tollocan Col. Universidad, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
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8
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Ma J, Hua Z, Zhu Y, Saleem MH, Zulfiqar F, Chen F, Abbas T, El-Sheikh MA, Yong JWH, Adil MF. Interaction of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with PVC-microplastics and chromium counteracts oxidative injuries in Trachyspermum ammi L. by modulating antioxidants and gene expression. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116181. [PMID: 38460406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics (MPs) as pollutants in agricultural soils is increasingly alarming, presenting significant toxic threats to soil ecosystems. Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.), a plant of significant medicinal and culinary value, is increasingly subjected to environmental stressors that threaten its growth and productivity. This situation is particularly acute given the well-documented toxicity of chromium (Cr), which has been shown to adversely affect plant biomass and escalate risks to the productivity of such economically and therapeutically important species. The present study was conducted to investigate the individual effects of different levels of PVC-MPs (0, 2, and 4 mg L-1) and Cr (0, 150, and 300 mg kg-1) on various aspects of plant growth. Specifically, we examined growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, oxidative stress responses, antioxidant compound activity (both enzymatic and nonenzymatic), gene expression, sugar content, nutritional status, organic acid exudation, and Cr accumulation in different parts of Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L.) seedlings, which were also exposed to varying levels of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) (0, 25, and 50 µg mL-1). Results from the present study showed that the increasing levels of Cr and PVC-MPs in soils significantly decreased plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, sugars, and nutritional contents from the roots and shoots of the plants. Conversely, increasing levels of Cr and PVC-MPs in the soil increased oxidative stress indicators in term of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and electrolyte leakage, and also increased organic acid exudation pattern in the roots of T. ammi seedlings. Interestingly, the application of TiO2-NPs counteracted the toxicity of Cr and PVC-MPs in T. ammi seedlings, leading to greater growth and biomass. This protective effect is facilitated by the NPs' ability to sequester reactive oxygen species, thereby reducing oxidative stress and lowering Cr concentrations in both the roots and shoots of the plants. Our research findings indicated that the application of TiO2-NPs has been shown to enhance the resilience of T. ammi seedlings to Cr and PVC-MPs toxicity, leading to not only improved biomass but also a healthier physiological state of the plants. This was demonstrated by a more balanced exudation of organic acids, which is a critical response mechanism to metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Ziyi Hua
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- Office of Academic Research, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Fu Chen
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Touqeer Abbas
- Department of Soil, Water and Climate, College of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska, 358 Keim Hall Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA
| | - Mohamed A El-Sheikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp 23456, Sweden.
| | - Muhammad Faheem Adil
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Chen F, Zhang W, Hua Z, Zhu Y, Jiang F, Ma J, Gómez-Oliván LM. Unlocking the phytoremediation potential of organic acids: A study on alleviating lead toxicity in canola (Brassica napus L.). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169980. [PMID: 38215837 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals [such as lead (Pb)] is becoming a serious global problem due to the rapid development of the social economy. Organic chelating agents such as maleic acid (MA) and tartaric acid (TA) are more efficient, environmentally friendly, and biodegradable compared to inorganic chelating agents and they enhance the solubility, absorption, and stability of metals. To investigate this, we conducted a hydroponic experiment to assess the impact of MA (0.25 mM) and TA (1 mM) on enhancing the phytoremediation of Pb under its toxic concentration of 100 μM, using the oil seed crop canola (Brassica napus L.). Results from the present study showed that the Pb toxicity significantly (P < 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes and nutritional contents from the roots and shoots of the plants. In contrast, toxic concentration of Pb significantly (P < 0.05) increased oxidative stress indicators in term of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and electrolyte leakage, increased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antixoidants and their specific gene expression and also increased organic acid exudation patter in the roots of B. napus. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that Pb toxicity significantly affected double membranous organelles while Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed an nveiled distinct peak variations in Pb-treated plants, when compared to control. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that Pb toxicity significantly affected double-membrane organelles, while Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy unveiled distinct peak variations in Pb-treated plants compared to the control. The negative impact of Pb toxicity can overcome the application of MA and TA, which ultimately increased plant growth and biomass by capturing the reactive oxygen species, and decreased oxidative stress in B. napus. With the application of MA and TA, the values of the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) exceeded 1, indicating that the use of MA and TA enhances the phytoremediation potential of B. napus under Pb stress conditions. This finding could be beneficial for field environment studies, especially when explored through in-depth genetic and molecular analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Chen
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China.
| | - Wanyue Zhang
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Ziyi Hua
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Feifei Jiang
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón, intersección Paseo Tollocan Col. Universidad, CP 50120 Toluca, Estado de México, México.
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Channab BE, El Idrissi A, Ammar A, Dardari O, Marrane SE, El Gharrak A, Akil A, Essemlali Y, Zahouily M. Recent advances in nano-fertilizers: synthesis, crop yield impact, and economic analysis. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:4484-4513. [PMID: 38314867 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05012b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The escalating global demand for food production has predominantly relied on the extensive application of conventional fertilizers (CFs). However, the increased use of CFs has raised concerns regarding environmental risks, including soil and water contamination, especially within cereal-based cropping systems. In response, the agricultural sector has witnessed the emergence of healthier alternatives by utilizing nanotechnology and nano-fertilizers (NFs). These innovative NFs harness the remarkable properties of nanoparticles, ranging in size from 1 to 100 nm, such as nanoclays and zeolites, to enhance nutrient utilization efficiency. Unlike their conventional counterparts, NFs offer many advantages, including variable solubility, consistent and effective performance, controlled release mechanisms, enhanced targeted activity, reduced eco-toxicity, and straightforward and safe delivery and disposal methods. By facilitating rapid and complete plant absorption, NFs effectively conserve nutrients that would otherwise go to waste, mitigating potential environmental harm. Moreover, their superior formulations enable more efficient promotion of sustainable crop growth and production than conventional fertilizers. This review comprehensively examines the global utilization of NFs, emphasizing their immense potential in maintaining environmentally friendly crop output while ensuring agricultural sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr-Eddine Channab
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis & Valorization of Natural Resources, URAC 24, Faculty of Science and Technology, Hassan II University, Casablanca B.P. 146, Morocco.
| | - Ayoub El Idrissi
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis & Valorization of Natural Resources, URAC 24, Faculty of Science and Technology, Hassan II University, Casablanca B.P. 146, Morocco.
| | - Ayyoub Ammar
- Laboratory of Virology, Oncology, Biosciences, Environment and New Energies, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Mohammedia, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca B.P. 146, Morocco.
| | - Othmane Dardari
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis & Valorization of Natural Resources, URAC 24, Faculty of Science and Technology, Hassan II University, Casablanca B.P. 146, Morocco.
| | - Salah Eddine Marrane
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis & Valorization of Natural Resources, URAC 24, Faculty of Science and Technology, Hassan II University, Casablanca B.P. 146, Morocco.
| | - Abdelouahed El Gharrak
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis & Valorization of Natural Resources, URAC 24, Faculty of Science and Technology, Hassan II University, Casablanca B.P. 146, Morocco.
| | - Adil Akil
- Natural Resources Valorization Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research, Rabat, Morocco.
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Youness Essemlali
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis & Valorization of Natural Resources, URAC 24, Faculty of Science and Technology, Hassan II University, Casablanca B.P. 146, Morocco.
- Natural Resources Valorization Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research, Rabat, Morocco.
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Zahouily
- Laboratory of Materials, Catalysis & Valorization of Natural Resources, URAC 24, Faculty of Science and Technology, Hassan II University, Casablanca B.P. 146, Morocco.
- Natural Resources Valorization Center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research, Rabat, Morocco.
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
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11
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Saleem MH, Mfarrej MFB, Khan KA, Alharthy SA. Emerging trends in wastewater treatment: Addressing microorganic pollutants and environmental impacts. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169755. [PMID: 38176566 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on the challenges and advances associated with the treatment and management of microorganic pollutants, encompassing pesticides, industrial chemicals, and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment. The translocation of these contaminants across multiple media, particularly through atmospheric transport, emphasizes their pervasive nature and the subsequent ecological risks. The urgency to develop cost-effective remediation strategies for emerging organic contaminants is paramount. As such, wastewater-based epidemiology and the increasing concern over estrogenicity are explored. By incorporating conventional and innovative wastewater treatment techniques, this article highlights the integration of environmental management strategies, analytical methodologies, and the importance of renewable energy in waste treatment. The primary objective is to provide a comprehensive perspective on the current scenario, imminent threats, and future directions in mitigating the effects of these pollutants on the environment. Furthermore, the review underscores the need for international collaboration in developing standardized guidelines and policies for monitoring and controlling these microorganic pollutants. It advocates for increased investment in research and development of advanced materials and technologies that can efficiently remove or neutralize these contaminants, thereby safeguarding environmental health and promoting sustainable practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- Office of Academic Research, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Manar Fawzi Bani Mfarrej
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Applied College, Center of Bee Research and its Products, Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, and Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saif A Alharthy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Toxicology and Forensic Sciences Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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12
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Soni S, Jha AB, Dubey RS, Sharma P. Mitigating cadmium accumulation and toxicity in plants: The promising role of nanoparticles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168826. [PMID: 38042185 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that adversely affects humans, animals, and plants, even at low concentrations. It is widely distributed and has both natural and anthropogenic sources. Plants readily absorb and distribute Cd in different parts. It may subsequently enter the food chain posing a risk to human health as it is known to be carcinogenic. Cd has a long half-life, resulting in its persistence in plants and animals. Cd toxicity disrupts crucial physiological and biochemical processes in plants, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, enzyme activities, photosynthesis, and nutrient uptake, leading to stunted growth and reduced biomass. Although plants have developed defense mechanisms to mitigate these damages, they are often inadequate to combat high Cd concentrations, resulting in yield losses. Nanoparticles (NPs), typically smaller than 100 nm, possess unique properties such as a large surface area and small size, making them highly reactive compared to their larger counterparts. NPs from diverse sources have shown potential for various agricultural applications, including their use as fertilizers, pesticides, and stress alleviators. Recently, NPs have emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate heavy metal stress, including Cd toxicity. They offer advantages, such as efficient absorption by crop plants, the reduction of Cd uptake, and the enhancement of mineral nutrition, antioxidant defenses, photosynthetic parameters, anatomical structure, and agronomic traits in Cd-stressed plants. The complex interaction of NPs with calcium ions (Ca2+), intracellular ROS, nitric oxide (NO), and phytohormones likely plays a significant role in alleviating Cd stress. This review aims to explore the positive impacts of diverse NPs in reducing Cd accumulation and toxicity while investigating their underlying mechanisms of action. Additionally, it discusses research gaps, recent advancements, and future prospects of utilizing NPs to alleviate Cd-induced stress, ultimately promoting improved plant growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Soni
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Sector-30, Gandhinagar 382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Ambuj Bhushan Jha
- School of Life Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Sector-30, Gandhinagar 382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Rama Shanker Dubey
- Central University of Gujarat, Sector-29, Gandhinagar 382030, Gujarat, India
| | - Pallavi Sharma
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Sector-30, Gandhinagar 382030, Gujarat, India.
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Al-Huqail AA, Alghanem SMS, Alhaithloul HAS, Saleem MH, Abeed AHA. Combined exposure of PVC-microplastic and mercury chloride (HgCl 2) in sorghum (Pennisetum glaucum L.) when its seeds are primed titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2-NPs). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:7837-7852. [PMID: 38170361 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The present work studied the impact of different levels of PVC-microplastics (PVC-MPs), namely 0 (no PVC-MPs), 2, and 4 mg L-1, along with mercury (Hg) levels of 0 (no Hg), 10, and 25 mg kg-1 in the soil, while concurrently applying titanium dioxide-nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) at 0 (no TiO2-NPs), 50, and 100 µg mL-1 to sorghum (Pennisetum glaucum L.) plants. This study aimed to examine plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange characteristics, oxidative stress indicators, and the response of various antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) and their specific gene expression, proline metabolism, the AsA-GSH cycle, and cellular fractionation in the plants. The research outcomes indicated that elevated levels of PVC-MPs and Hg stress in the soil notably reduced plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, and gas exchange attributes. However, PVC-MPs and Hg stress also induced oxidative stress in the roots and shoots of the plants by increasing malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and electrolyte leakage (EL) which also induced increased compounds of various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and also the gene expression and sugar content. Furthermore, a significant increase in proline metabolism, the AsA-GSH cycle, and the pigmentation of cellular components was observed. Although, the application of TiO2-NPs showed a significant increase in plant growth and biomass, gas exchange characteristics, enzymatic and non-enzymatic compounds, and their gene expression and also decreased oxidative stress. In addition, the application of TiO2-NPs enhanced cellular fractionation and decreased the proline metabolism and AsA-GSH cycle in P. glaucum plants. These results open new insights for sustainable agriculture practices and hold immense promise in addressing the pressing challenges of heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Abdulkreem Al-Huqail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- Office of Academic Research, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Amany H A Abeed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
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Alatawi A, Mfarrej MFB, Alshegaihi RM, Asghar MA, Mumtaz S, Yasin G, Marc RA, Fahad S, Elsharkawy MM, Javed S, Ali S. Application of silicon and sodium hydrosulfide alleviates arsenic toxicity by regulating the physio-biochemical and molecular mechanisms of Zea mays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27739-y. [PMID: 37243763 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals (such as arsenic (As)) is becoming a serious global problem due to rapid development of social economy, although the use of silicon (Si) and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) has been found effective in enhancing plant tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses including the As toxicity. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted using the different levels of As toxicity in the soil, i.e., (0 mM (no As), 50, and 100 µM) which were also supplied with the different exogenous levels of Si, i.e., (0 (no Si), 1.5, and 3 mM) and also with the NaHS, i.e., (0 (no NaHS), 1, and 2 mM) on growth, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange characteristics, oxidative stress biomarkers, antioxidant machinery (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants), and their gene expression, ion uptake, organic acid exudation, and As uptake of maize (Zea mays L.). Results from the present study showed that the increasing levels of As in the soil significantly (P < 0.05) decreased plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange attributes, sugars, and nutritional contents from the roots and shoots of the plants. In contrast, increasing levels of As in the soil significantly (P < 0.05) increased oxidative stress indicators in terms of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and electrolyte leakage and also increased organic acid exudation patter in the roots of Z. mays, although the activities of enzymatic antioxidants and the response of their gene expressions in the roots and shoots of the plants and non-enzymatic such as phenolic, flavonoid, ascorbic acid, and anthocyanin contents were initially increased with the exposure of 50 µM As, but decreased by the increasing the As concentration 100 µM in the soil. The negative impact of As toxicity can overcome the application of Si and NaHS, which ultimately increased plant growth and biomass by capturing the reactive oxygen species and decreased oxidative stress in Z. mays by decreasing the As contents in the roots and shoots of the plants. Our results also showed that the Si was more sever and showed better results when we compared with NaHS under the same treatment of As in the soil. Research findings, therefore, suggest that the combined application of Si and NaHS can ameliorate As toxicity in Z. mays, resulting in improved plant growth and composition under metal stress, as depicted by balanced exudation of organic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishah Alatawi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, 71421, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manar Fawzi Bani Mfarrej
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, 144534, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rana M Alshegaihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21493, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Asghar
- Department of Biological Resources, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Brunszvik U. 2, H-2462, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Sahar Mumtaz
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Khudwani, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, 192101, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Department of Food Engineering, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Mohsen Mohamed Elsharkawy
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Sadia Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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