1
|
Araji H, Nakhoul M, Challita E, Barmo N, Wex B. Cross-over from pyrene to acene optical and electronic properties: a theoretical investigation of a series of pyrene derivatives fused with N-, S, and O-containing heterocycles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:18466-18475. [PMID: 38916479 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01625d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Pyrene and acene derivatives are an important source of materials for optoelectronic device applications both as emitters and organic semiconductors. The mobility of major charge carriers is correlated with the coupling constants of the respective major charge carrier as well as the relaxation energies. Herein, we have applied range-separated density functionals for the estimation of said values. A series of five alkylated derivatives of pyrene laterally extended by heteroaromatic or phenyl groups were explored and contrasted to nascent pyrene, alkylated pyrene and tetracene. The ground state geometries along with absorption properties and relaxation energies are presented as well as a discussion of the suitability of the material toward hole and electron transport materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hachem Araji
- Lebanese American University, Department of Natural Sciences, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Maria Nakhoul
- Lebanese American University, Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Elio Challita
- Lebanese American University, Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Nour Barmo
- Lebanese American University, Department of Natural Sciences, Byblos, Lebanon.
| | - Brigitte Wex
- Lebanese American University, Department of Natural Sciences, Byblos, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu X, Gong J, Jiang Y, He X, Yang J. Optimizing cell voltage dependence on size of carbon nanotube-based electrodes in Na-ion and K-ion batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12027-12034. [PMID: 38576389 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04268e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are gaining extensive attention as promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries owing to their superior energy density and cost-effectiveness. However, the larger ionic radius of Na+ and K+ ions in comparison to Li+ ions poses a challenge in designing anode materials characterized by enduring structures and elevated voltage to facilitate the efficacy of high-performance NIBs and KIBs. Carbon nanomaterials, particularly carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have emerged as a potential candidate in anode materials. Herein, we used density functional theory calculations to study the cell voltage of CNTs in relation to Na-ion and K-ion storage as a function of CNT size. The adsorption energy profiles of both Na+@CNT and K+@CNT systems exhibit a descending trend concomitant with the increase in the CNT diameter, where Na+/K+ ion primarily prefers to adsorb in the interior wall of CNT. Conversely, the cell voltage for the Na and K system gradually increases with the increasing diameter of CNT, which can be attributed to the stronger electrostatic interaction validated by energy decomposition calculation. The voltage of Na-ion adsorbed on the inter wall of (10,10) CNT attains 1.29 V, close to the previously theoretical voltage of Li-ion on the same CNT (1.35 V), while the much lower voltage pertaining to K-ion adsorption on the inter wall of (10,10) CNT just stands at 0.59 V, suggesting the viability of CNT-based electrode for NIBs but not for KIBs. These findings lay a solid foundation for delineating the interrelationship between the voltage properties of CNT as prospective anode material and their structural characteristics, thereby expanding the application of CNT-based optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Jiacheng Gong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Yizhi Jiang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Xiao He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- New York University-East China Normal University Center for Computational Chemistry, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Jinrong Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Scott JM, Dale SG, McBroom J, Gould T, Li Q. Size Isn't Everything: Geometric Tuning in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Its Implications for Carbon Nanodots. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2003-2014. [PMID: 38470339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Recent developments in light-emitting carbon nanodots and molecular organic semiconductors have seen renewed interest in the properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as a family. The networks of delocalized π electrons in sp2-hybridized carbon grant PAHs light-emissive properties right across the visible spectrum. However, the mechanistic understanding of their emission energy has been limited due to the ground state-focused methods of determination. This computational chemistry work, therefore, seeks to validate existing rules and elucidate new features and characteristics of PAHs that influence their emissions. Predictions based on (time-dependent) density functional theory account for the full 3-dimensional electronic structure of ground and excited states and reveal that twisting and near-degeneracies strongly influence emission spectra and may therefore be used to tune the color of PAHs and, hence, carbon nanodots. We particularly note that the influence of twisting goes beyond torsional destabilization of the ground-state and geometric relaxation of the excited state, with a third contribution associated with the electric transition dipole. Symmetries and peri-condensation may also have an effect, but this could not be statistically confirmed. In pursuing this goal, we demonstrate that with minimal changes to molecular size, the entire visible spectrum may be spanned by geometric modification alone; we have also provided a first estimate of emission energy for 35 molecules currently lacking published emission spectra as well as clear guidelines for when more sophisticated computational techniques are required to predict the properties of PAHs accurately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M Scott
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Stephen G Dale
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- The Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials (I-FIM), National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - James McBroom
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Tim Gould
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Qin Li
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lakhera S, Devlal K, Rana M, Dhuliya V. Influence of the substitution of different functional groups on the gas sensing and light harvesting efficiency of zero-dimensional coronene quantum dot: A first principle DFT study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123737. [PMID: 38064960 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The present study accounts for the structural and electronic properties of a zero-dimensional coronene quantum dot (QD) and its substituted structures with seven different functional groups. The substitution of functional groups lead to the alteration of the centrosymmetric geometry of the coronene flake and thus, incredible properties were observed for the functionalized QDs. The increment in the band gap after the substitution of the functional groups was responsible for the increase in the chemical stability. The cohesive energy however decreased for the functional QDs. Fourier transform Infrared spectra were traced for all the QDs to confirm the availability of the functional groups and their participation in the chemical reactivity. After the substitution of functional groups, the extremely enhanced light harvesting efficiency of functionalized QDs was obtained. Furthermore, the sensing capability of the functionalized QDs for CO, CO2, and NH3 was also calculated and it was found that C-cyano, C-nitro, C-nitroso, C-pyrrolidine, and C-thionyl QDs have better sensing capabilities for CO2 molecules. C-pyrrolidine had the highest value of light harvesting efficiency of about 96%. This reflects the potential photosensitive candidature of C-pyrrolidine. Therefore, the present study sets a perfect benchmark for designing and fabricating efficient photosensitive materials and gas-sensing devices using the introduced QDs in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Lakhera
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani 263139, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kamal Devlal
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani 263139, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Meenakshi Rana
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani 263139, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Vivek Dhuliya
- Department of Physics, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar 249404, Uttarakhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cardia R, Dardenne N, Mula G, Pinna E, Rignanese GM, Charlier JC, Cappellini G. First-Principles Investigation of the Optical Properties of Eumelanin Protomolecules. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10797-10806. [PMID: 38109190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the absorption spectra (in the near-infrared, visible, and first UV range) of the two most probable eumelanin tetrameric molecules exhibiting either a linear open-chain or a cyclic porphyrine-like configuration. In order to simulate a realistic molecular system, an implicit solvent model is used in our calculations to mimic the effect of the solvated environment around the eumelanin molecule. Although the presence of solvent is found not to significantly affect the absorption pattern of both molecules, the onset of the spectra are shifted toward higher energies, especially for the linear tetramer. Interestingly, the absorption spectra and optical onsets of the two molecules differ significantly both in a vacuum and in ethanol. However, the two predicted spectra do not allow us to definitely discriminate between the two configurations when comparing the theoretical predictions with the available experimental spectrum. In addition, a mix of the two eumelanin configurations (close to fifty-fifty) leads to a maximum overlap between theoretical and experimental spectra. Consequently, this theoretical research shows that deeper insight can be gained using beyond DFT techniques on the real form of eumelanin protomolecules present in living systems as well as on their possible use in hybrid solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cardia
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nicolas Dardenne
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Guido Mula
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elisa Pinna
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gian-Marco Rignanese
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF)
| | - Jean-Christophe Charlier
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF)
| | - Giancarlo Cappellini
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marciniak B, Kania S, Bałczewski P, Różycka-Sokołowska E, Wilk J, Koprowski M, Stańdo J, Kuliński J. Highly Substituted 10-RO-(hetero)acenes-Electric Properties of Vacuum-Deposited Molecular Films. Molecules 2023; 28:6422. [PMID: 37687251 PMCID: PMC10490536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The functionalization of the aromatic backbone allows the improvement of the electrical properties of acene molecules in the amorphous layered structures of organic thin films. In the present work, we discuss the electric properties of the stable, amorphous, vacuum-deposited films prepared from five highly substituted 10-RO-acenes of various electronic properties, i.e., two extreme electron-donor (1,3-dioxa-cyclopenta[b]) anthracenes with all RO substituents, two anthracene carbaldehydes and one benzo[b]carbazole carbaldehyde possessing both electron-donor and acceptor substituents. The hole mobility data were obtained using subsequent steady state space charge limited currents (SCLC) and Time of Flight (TOF) measurements, performed on the same sample and these were then compared with the results of theoretical hole mobility calculations obtained using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) quantum-chemical calculations using the Marcus-Hush theory. The study shows a good agreement between the theoretical and experimental values which allows for the quick and quantitative estimation of Einstein's mobility values for highly substituted 10-RO anthracene and benzo[b]carbazole based on chemical calculations. This agreement also proves that the transport of holes follows the hopping mechanism. The theoretical calculations indicate that the reorganization energy plays a decisive role in the transport of holes in the amorphous layers of highly substituted hetero(acenes).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Marciniak
- Structural & Material Chemistry Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Chemistry, Jan Dlugosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland; (B.M.); (P.B.); (E.R.-S.)
| | - Sylwester Kania
- Centre of Mathematics and Physics, Łódź University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland;
- Faculty of Technical Physics, Information Technology and Applied Mathematics, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Piotr Bałczewski
- Structural & Material Chemistry Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Chemistry, Jan Dlugosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland; (B.M.); (P.B.); (E.R.-S.)
- Functional Materials Synthesis Group, Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland; (J.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Ewa Różycka-Sokołowska
- Structural & Material Chemistry Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, Institute of Chemistry, Jan Dlugosz University in Częstochowa, Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland; (B.M.); (P.B.); (E.R.-S.)
| | - Joanna Wilk
- Functional Materials Synthesis Group, Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland; (J.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Marek Koprowski
- Functional Materials Synthesis Group, Division of Organic Chemistry, Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland; (J.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Jacek Stańdo
- Faculty of Technical Physics, Information Technology and Applied Mathematics, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Janusz Kuliński
- Centre of Mathematics and Physics, Łódź University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tsague LF, Ejuh G, Ngoupo AT, Assatse YT, Kamsi RY, Abe MO, Ndjaka J. Ab-initio and density functional theory (DFT) computational study of the effect of fluorine on the electronic, optical, thermodynamic, hole and electron transport properties of the circumanthracene molecule. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19647. [PMID: 37809998 PMCID: PMC10558915 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a systematic study of the electronic, optical, thermodynamic, optoelectronic, and nonlinear optical properties with RHF, B3LYP, wB97XD and BPBE methods using the cc-pVDZ basis set have been described to investigate the influence of fluorine (F) atom, which is an electron donor, on the circumanthracene (C40H16). Global reactivity descriptors, hole and electron transport properties were also calculated and compared with other studies on the same molecule. DFT/B3LYP results show that the undoped C40H16 molecule (Egap = 2.135 eV) and its fluorine-doped derivatives (C40F16 and C40H10F6) are semiconducting materials. However, doping the C40H16 molecule with the fluorine atom, partially or totally, favors the creation of a strong donor-acceptor system by considerably reducing its energy gap (Egap). The energy gap values of molecules doped using DFT/B3LYP method are 2.020 eV and 2.081 eV for the C40F16 and C40H10F6 molecules, respectively. These gap energies are below 3 eV, which favours the electronic properties of these molecules. They can be used to design organic solar cells. The nonlinear optical parameters were calculated and compared with those of urea. The values of βmol and μ calculated for C40F16 and C40H10F6 are higher than those of urea; this shows that these two materials have good nonlinear optical properties and therefore, are very good candidates for the design of optoelectronics and photonics devices. Futhermore, our results show that the perfluorination effect on the circumanthracene molecule increases the hole and electron reorganization energies, the vertical and adiabatic electron affinities and ionization energies, the optoelectronic and nonlinear optical properties, the transition excitation energy and the reactivity indices. The reorganization energies values suggest that these materials have promising transport properties. The natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was also performed to determine the stability energy and charge delocalization in molecules. The theoretical results of the compounds studied in our work are in agreement with the experimental results. This confirms their molecular structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. Fomekong Tsague
- University of Yaoundé I, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - G.W. Ejuh
- University of Bamenda, National Higher Polytechnic Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, P. O. Box 39, Bambili, Cameroon
- University of Dschang, IUT-FV Bandjoun, Department of General and Scientific Studies, P.O. Box 134, Bandjoun, Cameroon
| | - A. Teyou Ngoupo
- University of Yaoundé I, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - R.A. Yossa Kamsi
- University of Yaoundé I, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - M.T. Ottou Abe
- University of Yaoundé I, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - J.M.B. Ndjaka
- University of Yaoundé I, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Weiss T, Wahab A, Bronstein AM, Gershoni-Poranne R. Interpretable Deep-Learning Unveils Structure-Property Relationships in Polybenzenoid Hydrocarbons. J Org Chem 2023; 88:9645-9656. [PMID: 36696660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, interpretable deep learning was used to identify structure-property relationships governing the HOMO-LUMO gap and the relative stability of polybenzenoid hydrocarbons (PBHs) using a ring-based graph representation. This representation was combined with a subunit-based perception of PBHs, allowing chemical insights to be presented in terms of intuitive and simple structural motifs. The resulting insights agree with conventional organic chemistry knowledge and electronic structure-based analyses and also reveal new behaviors and identify influential structural motifs. In particular, we evaluated and compared the effects of linear, angular, and branching motifs on these two molecular properties and explored the role of dispersion in mitigating the torsional strain inherent in nonplanar PBHs. Hence, the observed regularities and the proposed analysis contribute to a deeper understanding of the behavior of PBHs and form the foundation for design strategies for new functional PBHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Weiss
- Department of Computer Science, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa32000, Israel
| | - Alexandra Wahab
- Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich8093, Switzerland
| | - Alex M Bronstein
- Department of Computer Science, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa32000, Israel
| | - Renana Gershoni-Poranne
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa32000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Workman KT, Usher AJ, Henson DW, White NJ, Gichuhi WK. Predicted Negative Ion Photoelectron Spectra of 1-, 2-, and 9-Cyanoanthracene Radical Anions and Computed Thermochemical Values of the Three Cyanoanthracene Isomers. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:4063-4076. [PMID: 37116201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the negative ion photoelectron spectra of 1-, 2-, and 9-cyanoanthracene (anthracenecarbonitrile, ACN) radical anions, obtained via the calculation of Franck-Condon (FC) factors based on a harmonic oscillator model, are reported. The FC calculations utilize harmonic vibrational frequencies and normal mode vectors derived from density functional theory using the B3LYP/6-311++G (2d,2p) basis set. The removal of an electron from the doublet anion allows for the computation of the negative ion photoelectron spectra that represents the neutral ground singlet state (So) and the lowest triplet state (T1) in each of the three ACN molecules. The respective adiabatic electron affinity (EA) values for the So state in 1-, 2-, and 9-ACN isomers are calculated to be 1.353, 1.360, and 1.423 eV. The calculated EA of the 9-cyanoanthracene singlet isomer is in close agreement with the previously reported experimental value of 1.27 ± 0.1 eV. Calculations show that the T1 states in 1-, 2-, and 9-ACN are located 1.656, 1.663, and 1.599 eV above the So state. The calculated T1 negative ion spectra exhibit intense vibrational origins and weak FC activity beyond the origins, indicating little change in geometry following electron detachment from the doublet anionic state. Upon deprotonation, the EA values of the radical isomers increase by ∼400-700 meV, resulting in neutral deprotonated radicals with EAs between 1.740 and 2.220 eV. The calculated site-specific gas-phase acidity values of ACN isomers indicate that ACN molecules are more acidic than benzonitrile.
Collapse
|
10
|
Moorthi K, Maekawa S. Solvation Effects on Polarizability of Aromatic Fluids. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2237-2249. [PMID: 36877130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating solvation effects on polarizability in condensed phases is important for the description of the optical and dielectric behavior of high-refractive-index molecular materials. We study these effects via the polarizability model combining electronic, solvation, and vibrational contributions. The method is applied to well-characterized highly polarizable liquid precursors: benzene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene. We find that the solvation and vibrational terms are of opposite signs and cancel almost exactly for benzene, but for naphthalene and phenanthrene, a 2.5 and 5.0% decrease relative to the equilibrium electronic polarizability of the respective monomer, α1e, is predicted, respectively. The increase in electronic polarizability affects interaction polarizability of all contacts, which is the main reason for the increasing importance of solvation contribution. The calculated refractive indices agree very well with experiment for all three systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Moorthi
- R&D Center, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., 580-32 Nagaura, Sodegaura 299-0265, Japan
| | - Shintaro Maekawa
- R&D Center, Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., 580-32 Nagaura, Sodegaura 299-0265, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kaur M, Bharj J. Influence of particle size of flame-synthesized carbon nanoparticles on band gap and photoluminescence properties. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:2123-2128. [PMID: 36314467 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Band gap and photoluminescence (PL) properties were investigated for flame-synthesized carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) of four different particle size distributions. The particles were collected by varying the flow rates of fuel and oxidizer in a controllable co-flow diffusion flame. The results indicated the possibility of both direct and indirect band gaps in the synthesized CNPs. The band gaps were found to increase with a decrease in the particle size, thereby exhibiting the quantum confinement effect. The PL properties observed with the pure powdered sample showed strong emission in the green region. However, for samples dispersed in isopropyl alcohol, the emission wavelength shifts towards the blue region, showing strong solvent dependence. The particle size of CNPs, however, only affects the emission peak intensities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Physics, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| | - Jyoti Bharj
- Department of Physics, Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu Y, Wang H, Chang X, Fuentes A, Demarco R, Chen D. Optical Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Clusters with Oxygenated Substitutions: A Theoretical Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5776-5783. [PMID: 35984739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of functional groups at high coverage levels can have significant impacts on the band structures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) clusters. The HOMO-LUMO gaps are highly sensitive to the type and distribution of functional groups. An in-house method is proposed to build PAH (naphthalene, pyrene, coronene, and ovalene) clusters with surface functionalization of -OH, -COOH and -CHO groups using the DFT method. The -CHO groups are found to reduce the gap value the most, but exceptions exist due to the spatial distribution of functional groups. Considering the impact of -CHO groups only, we can approximate that the impact of functional groups lies in the range of 0.14-0.89 eV. Applying further analysis on the possible energy number of energy transitions of substituted PAH clusters, it is shown that PAH clusters with oxygenated functions still behave like an indirect band gap material. The coupling effect of PAH stacking and PAH size is also addressed. A simple expression is proposed to estimate the bandgap of a mixed system using the HOMO and LUMO energy of the two components. Further attempts are made to interpret recent experiments from the impact of PAH stacking, PAH size, and functional groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yabei Xu
- State Key Lab of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhong Guan Cun Nan Da Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- State Key Lab of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhong Guan Cun Nan Da Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoya Chang
- State Key Lab of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhong Guan Cun Nan Da Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Andres Fuentes
- Departamento de Industrias, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenada España 1680, Casilla 110-V, 2340000 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Demarco
- Departamento de Industrias, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenada España 1680, Casilla 110-V, 2340000 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Dongping Chen
- State Key Lab of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 Zhong Guan Cun Nan Da Street, Beijing 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cheng X, Wei M, Tian G, Luo Y, Hua W. Vibrationally-Resolved X-ray Photoelectron Spectra of Six Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from First-Principles Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5582-5593. [PMID: 35959595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vibrationally resolved C 1s X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of a series of six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; phenanthrene, coronene, naphthalene, anthracene, tetracene, and pentacene) were computed by combining the full core hole density functional theory and the Franck-Condon simulations with the inclusion of the Duschinsky rotation effect. Simulated spectra of phenanthrene, coronene, and naphthalene agree well with experiments both in core binding energies (BEs) and profiles, which validate the accuracy of our predictions for the rest molecules with no high-resolution experiments. We found that three types of carbons i (inner C), p (peripheral C bonded to three C atoms), and h (peripheral C bonded to an H atom) show decreasing BEs. In linear PAHs (the latter four), h-type carbons further split into h1 or h2 (on inner or edge benzene ring) subtypes with chemical shifts of ca. 0.2-0.4 eV. All major Franck-Condon-active modes are characterized to be in-plane vibrations: low-frequency (<800 cm-1) C-C ring deformation modes play an essential role in determining the peak asymmetries; and for each h-type carbon a high-frequency (ca. 3600 cm-1) C*-H stretching mode is responsible for the high-energy tail. We found that core ionization leads to reduction of all C*-C and C*-H bond lengths and ring deformation with a definite direction. Based on theoretical spectra of four linear PAHs, we found asymptotic relations and anticipated possible spectral features for even larger linear PAHs. Our calculations provide accurate reference spectra for XPS characterizations of PAHs, which are useful in understanding the vibronic coupling effects in this family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China.,Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minrui Wei
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing, Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094 Nanjing, China
| | - Guangjun Tian
- Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Weijie Hua
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing, Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094 Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Azzali A, d'Agostino S, Capacci M, Spinelli F, Ventura B, Grepioni F. Assembling photoactive materials from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): room temperature phosphorescence and excimer-emission in co-crystals with 1,4-diiodotetrafluorobenzene. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00720g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Co-crystallization of PAHs with a polyhalogenated co-former afforded three novel co-crystals, which display remarkable features such as mechanochemical interconversion, photoreactivity, excimer fluorescence, and RTP phosphorescence in the solid state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Azzali
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone d'Agostino
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mattia Capacci
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Floriana Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Ventura
- Istituto ISOF-CNR, Via P. Gobetti, 101, 40219 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Grepioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bhattacharyya P, Boustani I, Shukla A. Why Does a B 12H 12 Icosahedron Need Two Electrons to be Stable: A First-Principles Electron-Correlated Investigation of B 12H n ( n = 6, 12) Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:10734-10741. [PMID: 34928615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c09167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present large-scale electron-correlated computations on various conformers of B12H12 and B12H6 clusters to understand the reasons behind the high stability of dianion icosahedron (Ih) and cage-like B12H6 geometries. Although the B12 icosahedron is the basic building block in some structures of bulk boron, it is unstable in its free form. Furthermore, its H-passivated entity, i.e., a B12H12 icosahedron, is also unstable in the free form. However, dianion B12H12 has been predicted to be stable as a perfect icosahedron in the free-standing form. To capture the correct picture for the stability of B12H122- and B12H6 clusters, we optimized these structures by employing the coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) approach and the cc-pVDZ basis set. We also performed the vibrational frequency analysis of the isomers of these clusters using the same level of theory to ensure the stability of the structures. For all of the stable geometries obtained from the vibrational frequency analysis, we additionally computed their optical absorption spectra using the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) approach at the B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory. Our calculated absorption spectra could be probed in future experiments on these clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Bhattacharyya
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ihsan Boustani
- Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauss Strasse 20, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Alok Shukla
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Han P, Yao X, Müllen K, Narita A, Bonn M, Cánovas E. Size-dependent electron transfer from atomically defined nanographenes to metal oxide nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:16046-16052. [PMID: 32761017 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03891a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atomically defined nanographenes (NGs) feature size-dependent energy gaps induced by, and tuneable through, quantum confinement. Their energy-tunability and robustness make NGs appealing candidates as active elements in sensitized geometries, where NGs functionalize a metal oxide (MO) film with large-area-to-volume ratio. Despite the prominent relevance of NG/MO interfaces for developing novel architectures for solar energy conversion, to date, little information is available regarding the fundamentals of electron transfer (ET) processes taking place from NG donors to MO acceptors. Here, we analyze the interplay between the size of atomically precise NGs and ET dynamics at NG/MO interfaces. We observe that as the size of NG decreases, ET from the NG donating state to the MO acceptor state speeds up. This dependence can be rationalized from variations in the donor-to-acceptor interfacial overpotential as the NG size (HOMO-LUMO gap) is reduced (increased), and can be rationalized within the framework of Marcus ET theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Han
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Xuelin Yao
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany. and Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany. and Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Enrique Cánovas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany. and Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mocci P, Malloci G, Bosin A, Cappellini G. Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Investigation on the Electronic and Optical Properties of Poly-C,Si,Ge-acenes. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:16654-16663. [PMID: 32685832 PMCID: PMC7364637 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a comparative computational investigation on the first six members of linear poly-C,Si,Ge-acenes (X4n+2H2n+4, X = C,Si,Ge; n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). We performed density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations to compare morphological, electronic, and optical properties. While C-acenes are planar, Si- and Ge-acenes assume a buckled configuration. Electronic properties show similar trends as a function of size for all families. In particular, differently from C-based compounds, in the case of both Si- and Ge-acenes, the excitation energies of the strongest low-lying electronic transition (β peaks) span the visible region of the spectrum, demonstrating their size tunability. For all families, we assessed the plasmonic character of this transition and found a linear relationship for the wavelength-dependence of the β peaks as a function of the number of rings. A similar slope of about 56 nm is observed for Si- and Ge-acenes, although the peak positions of the former are located at lower wavelengths. Outcomes of this study are compared with existing theoretical results for 2D lattices and nanoribbons, and experiments where available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mocci
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.P. 8 Km 0,7, I-09042 Monserrato CA, Italy
| | - Giuliano Malloci
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.P. 8 Km 0,7, I-09042 Monserrato CA, Italy
| | - Andrea Bosin
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.P. 8 Km 0,7, I-09042 Monserrato CA, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cappellini
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.P. 8 Km 0,7, I-09042 Monserrato CA, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cappellini G, Bosin A, Serra G, Furthmüller J, Bechstedt F, Botti S. Electronic and Optical Properties of Small Metal Fluoride Clusters. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:13268-13277. [PMID: 32548513 PMCID: PMC7288709 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a systematic investigation on the electronic and optical properties of the smallest stable clusters of alkaline-earth metal fluorides, namely, MgF2, CaF2, SrF2, and BaF2. For these clusters, we perform density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations with a localized Gaussian basis set. For each molecule ((MF2) n , n = 1-3, M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba), we determine a series of molecular properties, namely, ground-state energies, fragmentation energies, electron affinities, ionization energies, fundamental energy gaps, optical absorption spectra, and exciton binding energies. We compare electronic and optical properties between clusters of different sizes with the same metal atom and between clusters of the same size with different metal atoms. From this analysis, it turns out that MgF2 clusters have distinguished ground-state and excited-state properties with respect to the other fluoride molecules. Sizeable reductions of the optical onset energies and a consistent increase of excitonic effects are observed for all clusters under study with respect to the corresponding bulk systems. Possible consequences of the present results are discussed with respect to applied and fundamental research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Cappellini
- Department
of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella
Universitaria di Monserrato, Strada Prov.le Monserrato-Sestu, Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato (Ca), Italy
| | - Andrea Bosin
- Department
of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella
Universitaria di Monserrato, Strada Prov.le Monserrato-Sestu, Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato (Ca), Italy
| | - Giovanni Serra
- Department
of Physics, University of Cagliari, Cittadella
Universitaria di Monserrato, Strada Prov.le Monserrato-Sestu, Km 0.700, 09042, Monserrato (Ca), Italy
| | | | | | - Silvana Botti
- ETSF
and IFTO, FSU-Jena, Max Wien Platz 1, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zahid M, Ali S, Saleem S, Salman M, Khan M. Carbon nanoparticles/polyvinyl alcohol composites with enhanced optical, thermal, mechanical, and flame‐retardant properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahid
- Department of Physics Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Mardan Pakistan
| | - Salman Ali
- Department of Physics Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Mardan Pakistan
| | - Sumaiya Saleem
- Department of Physics Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Mardan Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salman
- Department of Physics Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Mardan Pakistan
| | - Majid Khan
- Department of Physics Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Mardan Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xia Y, Li T, Yuan C, Fletcher C, Dai X, Zhang X, Zhang L, Jiang Y, Li H. Odd-Even Effects on Transport Properties of Polycyclic Arene Molecular Devices with Decreasing Numbers of Benzene Rings. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:568-574. [PMID: 31773853 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The electron transport properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with different numbers of benzene rings tethered to narrow zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR) electrodes have been investigated. Results show that the transport properties of PAHs are dependent on whether the number of benzene rings in the width direction is odd or even. This effect is strong for narrow width PAHs, but its strength decreases as the width of the PAH is increased. PAHs with an odd number of rings exhibit poor transport properties, whereas the ones having an even number of rings show excellent transport properties coupled with a negative differential resistance (NDR) effect. Moreover, the linkage points and the structure of the molecules have a noticeable effect on the transport properties of the PAH, making the odd-even effect weaker or disappear entirely. Although the PAH with three benzene rings displays poor transport capabilities, it shows excellent rectification behavior compared to the other examined molecules. These studies present a feasible avenue for designing molecular devices with enhanced performance by the careful manipulation of the PAH molecular structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Xia
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Cameron Fletcher
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Dai
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingfan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Lishu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Loubidi M, Jouha J, Hdoufane I, El Hafi M, Tber Z, Cherqaoui D, Mague JT. Synthesis of diverse isoxazolylamino-2-(aryl)acetamides using one-pot Multicomponent Reactions: X-ray, Hirshfeld analysis and DFT modeling. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
22
|
Zhang Y, Liu P, Li Y, Zhan R, Huang Z, Lin H. Study on fluorescence spectroscopy of PAHs with different molecular structures using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurement and TD-DFT calculation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 224:117450. [PMID: 31422341 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is an effective technique for non-intrusive and on-line measurement of PAHs in sooting flames but it is still need further investigation due to the complexity of PAH fluorescence characteristics. Therefore, in-depth investigations on the fluorescence spectroscopy of PAHs with different molecular structures are relevant. In this study, we investigated the fluorescence spectrum characteristics of 13 gas-phase PAHs using LIF measurement and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculation. The experimental results showed that the fluorescence emission wavelengths increased with more aromatic (benzenoid) rings, but this relationship no longer existed when the PAH molecules contain the five-membered ring structures. The TD-DFT calculation showed that the fluorescence emission wavelength ranges of PAHs with different molecular structures were dominantly determined by the electronic structures of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and their energy gaps. It was found that the saturated aliphatic branched chains (methyl and ethyl) only slightly influenced the LIF spectra, while the unsaturated aliphatic branched chains (ethenyl and ethynyl) caused remarkable redshifts. The TD-DFT results indicated that the aliphatic branched chains changed the electric structures of HOMO and LUMO of the core aromatic rings, and then influence the fluorescence emission wavelength ranges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peng Liu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Clean Combustion Research Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youping Li
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Reggie Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - He Lin
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mocci P, Cardia R, Cappellini G. A computational study on the electronic and optical properties of boron-nitride circumacenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:16302-16309. [PMID: 31305806 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01038f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a comparative and systematic computational analysis on the electronic and optical properties of the boron-nitride-made (BN) counterparts of the carbon-made circumacenes. Recently, these planar molecules have attracted interest for applications in the condensed matter physics domain. In particular, we focus on the five first members of this BN-family (from BN-coronene to BN-circumpentacene) presenting a comparison with their carbon analogues. For all the systems investigated, we calculate different electronic properties and the optical absorption spectra, performing all electron Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time Dependent-DFT (TD-DFT) calculations. In the context of ab initio calculations we select a localized Gaussian basis-set matched with a hybrid exchange-correlation functional. We discuss possible implications of the observed BN cluster properties, which could be an alternative material or complementar as compared to their carbon analogues. In particular, concerning the optical properties, we have found that the main difference between the two families is that the BN molecules absorb in the UV, rather than in the visible as happens for the C-made parents. Moreover, we demonstrate that the electronic and optical observables of the BN clusters are nearly independent of the cluster size in contrast to what happens for their carbonaceous counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mocci
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0,700, I-09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| | - Roberto Cardia
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0,700, I-09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Cappellini
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S.P. Monserrato-Sestu Km 0,700, I-09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
We examine the quantum confinement in the photoemission ionization energy in air and optical band gap of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs). Premixed, stretched-stabilized ethylene flames are used to generate the CNPs reproducibly over the range of 4-23 nm in volume median diameter. The results reveal that flame-formed CNPs behave like an indirect band gap material, and that the existence of the optical band gap is attributed to the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gap in the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons comprising the CNPs. Both the ionization energy and optical band gap are found to follow closely the quantum confinement effect. The optical band gaps, measured both in situ and ex situ on the CNPs prepared in several additional flames, are consistent with the theory and the baseline data of CNPs from stretched-stabilized ethylene flames, thus indicating the observed effect to be general and that the particle size is the single most important factor governing the variation of the band gap of the CNPs studied. Cyclic voltammetry measurements and density functional theory calculations provide additional support for the quantum dot behavior observed.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
A systematic density functional theory study of electronic properties and optical spectra of four potential fused porphyrins with extended π-conjugation has been reported employing the M06 functional along with 6-31G(d)+LanL2DZ basis set. Symmetrical tetra fusion of the benzene rings at the β-meso-β position of porphyrins, resulted in four quadruply fused porphyrins. Such studies revealed the fact that the ring fusion with extended π-electrons causes remarkable red-shifts with narrowed band gaps. Thus, such systems can be used to extend the absorption deeper in to near-infrared (NIR) to even better utilize the photon rich region of solar spectrum. These fused porphyrins have emerged as promising NIR absorbing materials, having utility in molecular solar-conversion systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Agnihotri
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur-831014, India
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur-831014, India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Excited States and Optical Properties of Hydrogen-Passivated Rectangular Graphenes: A Computational Study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7958. [PMID: 31138848 PMCID: PMC6538642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we perform large-scale electron-correlated calculations of optoelectronic properties of rectangular graphene-like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules. Theoretical methodology employed in this work is based upon Pariser-Parr-Pople (PPP) π-electron model Hamiltonian, which includes long-range electron-electron interactions. Electron-correlation effects were incorporated using multi-reference singles-doubles configurationinteraction (MRSDCI) method, and the ground and excited state wave functions thus obtained were employed to calculate the linear optical absorption spectra of these molecules, within the electric-dipole approximation. As far as the ground state wave functions of these molecules are concerned, we find that with the increasing size, they develop a strong diradical open-shell character. Our results on optical absorption spectra are in very good agreement with the available experimental results, outlining the importance of electron-correlation effects in accurate description of the excited states. In addition to the optical gap, spin gap of each molecule was also computed using the same methodology. Calculated spin gaps exhibit a decreasing trend with the increasing sizes of the molecules, suggesting that the infinite graphene has a vanishing spin gap.
Collapse
|
27
|
Watanabe H, Fujimaki Y, Hayashi K, Imai H. Enhanced Quantum Yield of Nanographenes Incorporated in Supermicroporous Silicas and the Co-Adsorption Effect of Water Molecules. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Watanabe
- Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute, 2-4-10 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Yasuto Fujimaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute, 2-4-10 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Kosei Hayashi
- Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute, 2-4-10 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chakraborty S, Kayastha P, Ramakrishnan R. The chemical space of B, N-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Combinatorial enumeration and high-throughput first-principles modeling. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:114106. [PMID: 30902009 DOI: 10.1063/1.5088083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Combinatorial introduction of heteroatoms in the two-dimensional framework of aromatic hydrocarbons opens up possibilities to design compound libraries exhibiting desirable photovoltaic and photochemical properties. Exhaustive enumeration and first-principles characterization of this chemical space provide indispensable insights for rational compound design strategies. Here, for the smallest seventy-seven Kekulean-benzenoid polycyclic systems, we reveal combinatorial substitution of C atom pairs with the isosteric and isoelectronic B, N pairs to result in 7 453 041 547 842 (7.4 tera) unique molecules. We present comprehensive frequency distributions of this chemical space, analyze trends, and discuss a symmetry-controlled selectivity manifestable in synthesis product yield. Furthermore, by performing high-throughput ab initio density functional theory calculations of over thirty-three thousand (33k) representative molecules, we discuss quantitative trends in the structural stability and inter-property relationships across heteroarenes. Our results indicate a significant fraction of the 33k molecules to be electronically active in the 1.5-2.5 eV region, encompassing the most intense region of the solar spectrum, indicating their suitability as potential light-harvesting molecular components in photo-catalyzed solar cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Chakraborty
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hyderabad 500107, India
| | - Prakriti Kayastha
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hyderabad 500107, India
| | - Raghunathan Ramakrishnan
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Hyderabad 500107, India
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Prodhan S, Mazumdar S, Ramasesha S. Correlated Electronic Properties of a Graphene Nanoflake: Coronene. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040730. [PMID: 30781643 PMCID: PMC6412552 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report studies of the correlated excited states of coronene and substituted coronene within the Pariser–Parr–Pople (PPP) correlated π-electron model employing the symmetry-adapted density matrix renormalization group technique. These polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons can be considered as graphene nanoflakes. We review their electronic structures utilizing a new symmetry adaptation scheme that exploits electron-hole symmetry, spin-inversion symmetry, and end-to-end interchange symmetry. The study of the electronic structures sheds light on the electron correlation effects in these finite-size graphene analogues, which diminishes going from one-dimensional to higher-dimensional systems, yet is significant within these finite graphene derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suryoday Prodhan
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Sumit Mazumdar
- Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
- College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - S Ramasesha
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Petrushenko IK, Petrushenko KB. Optical properties of bilayer quantum dot models based on coronene and its BN analogues with a BODIPY dye: Theoretical TD-CAM-B3LYP-D3 investigation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 206:498-505. [PMID: 30176425 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QD) belong to a class of materials considered technologically important for their tunable absorption and emission properties and a huge application potential in optoelectronic technologies. To date, only simplified monolayer models of QDs and their dimers have been considered when modeling their absorption and/or emission spectra and effects of edge functionalization. Here, we analyze the optical properties of new type electron donor-acceptor bilayer quantum dot models based on coronene and its boron-nitride analogues (electron donors) with a 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene dye (Bdp, an electron acceptor) dye by using time-dependent density functional theory. To understand the nature of transition shifts in electronic spectra, we use BN models with strong modification of the HOMO and LUMO: m-BNC (middle hexagonal ring CC bonds are substituted by BN), p-BNC (all peripheral CC bonds are substituted by BN), and f-BNC (all C atoms are replaced by B and N in an alternate manner). Adiabatic ionization potentials of all coronenes were also calculated. The obtained results show that significant interlayer charge transfer (CT) on excitation of bilayer QDs in S1, S2, and S3 states from strong electron donors, coronene (6.93 eV) and m-BNC (6.52 eV), to Bdp will occur. As a result, one can observe only very weak absorption of CT-character in the low-energy spectrum region as well as strong fluorescence quenching of Bdp. On the contrary, for the weak electron donors, p-BNC (7.22 eV) and f-BNC (8.22 eV), strong Bdp-like absorption and fluorescence bands of local excitation character in the low-energy region are expected. Correlation of optical properties of bilayer QDs with ionization potentials of coronene monolayers has been founded. The obtained results can be useful for future graphene-based optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I K Petrushenko
- Irkutsk National Research State Technical University, 83 Lermontov st., Irkutsk 664074, Russia.
| | - K B Petrushenko
- AE Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky st., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Noble JA, Aupetit C, Descamps D, Petit S, Simon A, Mascetti J, Ben Amor N, Blanchet V. Ultrafast electronic relaxations from the S3 state of pyrene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14111-14125. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06895j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The ultrafast relaxation occurring in pyrene upon excitation at 4.68 eV was studied in a supersonic gas-jet fs pump–probe experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stéphane Petit
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, UMR5107
- F33405 Talence
- France
| | - Aude Simon
- Université de Toulouse-CNRS-UT3, LCPQ-IRSAMC
- F-31062 Toulouse
- France
| | | | - Nadia Ben Amor
- Université de Toulouse-CNRS-UT3, LCPQ-IRSAMC
- F-31062 Toulouse
- France
| | - Valérie Blanchet
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, CELIA, UMR5107
- F33405 Talence
- France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pradhan E, Sato K, Akimov AV. Non-adiabatic molecular dynamics with ΔSCF excited states. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:484002. [PMID: 30407924 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aae864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accurate modelling of nonadiabatic transitions and electron-phonon interactions in extended systems is essential for understanding the charge and energy transfer in photovoltaic and photocatalytic materials. The extensive computational costs of the advanced excited state methods have stimulated the development of many approximations to study the nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NA-MD) in solid-state and molecular materials. In this work, we present a novel ▵SCF-NA-MD methodology that aims to account for electron-hole interactions and electron-phonon back-reaction critical in modelling photoinduced nuclear dynamics. The excited states dynamics is described using the delta self-consistent field (▵SCF) technique within the density functional formalism and the trajectory surface hopping. The technique is implemented in the open-source Libra-X package freely available on the Internet (https://github.com/Quantum-Dynamics-Hub/Libra-X). This work illustrates the general utility of the developed ▵SCF-NA-MD methodology by characterizing the excited state energies and lifetimes, reorganization energies, photoisomerization quantum yields, and by providing the mechanistic details of reactive processes in a number of organic molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekadashi Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, United States of America
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules are essentially graphene in the subnanometer limit, typically consisting of 50 or fewer atoms. With the addition or removal of a single electron, these molecules can support molecular plasmon (collective) resonances in the visible region of the spectrum. Here, we probe the plasmon dynamics in these quantum systems by measuring the excited-state lifetime of three negatively charged PAH molecules: anthanthrene, benzo[ghi]perylene, and perylene. In contrast to the molecules in their neutral state, these three systems exhibit far more rapid decay dynamics due to the deexcitation of multiple electron-hole pairs through molecular plasmon "dephasing" and vibrational relaxation. This study provides a look into the distinction between collective and single-electron excitation dynamics in the purely quantum limit and introduces a conceptual framework with which to visualize molecular plasmon decay.
Collapse
|
34
|
Nguyen LH, Truong TN. Quantitative Structure-Property Relationships for the Electronic Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:8913-8922. [PMID: 31459023 PMCID: PMC6644371 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a development in quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs) for research in organic semiconductor materials by introducing a new structural descriptor called "degree of π-orbital overlap" based on two-dimensional structure information of aromatic molecules. Application of this method to predict the electronic properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules, which are known to be the core component of many organic semiconductor materials, is presented. Results demonstrated that QSPRs based on the new descriptor can predict rather accurate band gaps, ionization potentials and electron affinities for a large number of PAHs compared to those explicitly calculated by density functional theory method. This research opens new possibilities for developing QSPRs for other organic semiconductor classes in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lam H. Nguyen
- Institute
for Computational Science and Technology, Quang Trung Software Park, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh N. Truong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Hoa
Sen University, 8 Nguyen
Van Trang, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Vrubel II, Senkevich NY, Khramenkova EV, Polozkov RG, Shelykh IA. Electronic Structure and Optical Response of Zn-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201800049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan I. Vrubel
- Department of Physics and Engineering; ITMO University; St. Petersburg 197101 Russia
| | - Natalia Yu. Senkevich
- Department of Physics and Engineering; ITMO University; St. Petersburg 197101 Russia
| | - Elena V. Khramenkova
- TheoMAT group; ITMO University; St. Petersburg 197101 Russia
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry group; Department of Chemical Engineering; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Roman G. Polozkov
- Department of Physics and Engineering; ITMO University; St. Petersburg 197101 Russia
| | - Ivan A. Shelykh
- Department of Physics and Engineering; ITMO University; St. Petersburg 197101 Russia
- Science Institute; University of Iceland; Dunhagi 3 IS-107 Reykjavik Iceland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Khatua R, Sahoo SR, Sharma S, Thangavel R, Sahu S. Anisotropic charge transport properties of chrysene derivatives as organic semiconductor: A computational study. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudranarayan Khatua
- High Performance Computing Lab, Department of Applied Physics; Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines); Dhanbad 826004 India
| | - Smruti Ranjan Sahoo
- High Performance Computing Lab, Department of Applied Physics; Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines); Dhanbad 826004 India
| | - Sagar Sharma
- Physical Sciences Division; Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology; Paschim Boragaon Guwahati 781035 India
| | - R. Thangavel
- Solar Energy Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics; Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines); Dhanbad 826004 India
| | - Sridhar Sahu
- High Performance Computing Lab, Department of Applied Physics; Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines); Dhanbad 826004 India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang X, Liu X, Cook C, Schatschneider B, Marom N. On the possibility of singlet fission in crystalline quaterrylene. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:184101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5027553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Xingyu Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Cameron Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California 91768, USA
| | - Bohdan Schatschneider
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State Polytechnic University at Pomona, Pomona, California 91768, USA
| | - Noa Marom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jones L, Lin L, Chamberlain TW. Oxygen, sulfur and selenium terminated single-walled heterocyclic carbon nanobelts (SWHNBs) as potential 3D organic semiconductors. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:7639-7648. [PMID: 29645046 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01216d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), graphene, fullerenes and nanotubes are on the frontline of materials research due to their excellent physical properties, which in recent years, have started to compete with conventional inorganic materials in charge transfer based applications. Recently, a variety of new structures such as single-walled carbon nanobelts (SWCNBs) have been conceived, however, to date only one 'all-phenyl' example has been synthesised, due to problems with their stability and the challenging synthetic methodologies required. This study introduces a new class of phenacene-based SWCNBs and their chalcogenide derivatives, forming the new sub-class of single-walled heterocyclic carbon nanobelts (SWHNBs) which are expected to be both more stable and easier to synthesise than the all carbon analogues. Subsequent theoretical examination of the structure-property relationships found that unlike the small-molecule acene homologues (tetracene, pentacene etc.) which become more reactive with addition of oxygen, an increase in the molecular size of the SWCNBs actually stabilises the HOMO energy level, in correlation with the increasingly negative nuclear independent chemical shift (NICS) calculations of their cylindrical aromaticities. The FMO energies of the phenacene SWCNBs are similar to that of the nanobelt reported by Itami and co-workers, but those of the SWHNBs are deeper and thus more stable. The sulfur derivative of one SWHNB was found to give hole-charge transfer mobilities as high as 1.12 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is three orders of magnitude larger than the corresponding unsubstituted SWCNB (3 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1). These findings suggest the candidates are air-stable and potentially high-performing organic semiconductors for organic thin film transistor (OTFT) devices, while the structure-property relationships uncovered here will aid the design and synthesis of future three-dimensional organic nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Jones
- Centre for Industrial Collaboration, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nguyen TP, Roy P, Shim JH. Remarkable charge-transfer mobility from [6] to [10]phenacene as a high performance p-type organic semiconductor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018. [PMID: 29537049 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07044f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between structure and charge transport properties of phenacene organic semiconductors has been studied with focus on [6] → [10]phenacene. Upon inserting phenyl rings, the π-extended structure results in strong electronic coupling interactions and reduction of reorganization energy. Using the classical Marcus charge transport theory, we predict that hole mobility in the phenacene series increases gradually up to 8.0 cm2 V-1 s-1 at [10]phenacene. This is remarkably high among other discovered OSCs, surpassing that of pentacene. Moreover, we notice that the experimental hole mobility of [6]phenacene is unusually low, inconsistent with other members in the same series. Thus, we performed full structural relaxation on phenacene and revealed similarities between theoretical and experimental crystal structures for all the members except [6]phenacene. We propose a new structure of [6]phenacene under the consideration of van der Waals force with smaller lattice parameters a* and b* compared to the experimental structure. Our new structural calculation fits well with the existing trend of hole mobility, energy gaps, effective masses, bandwidth and lattice parameters. Single-shot G0W0 calculations are performed to verify our structures. The results give a hint that the improvement in [6]phenacene efficiency lies on the intermolecular distance along the stacking direction of the crystal. Phenacene compounds generally have small effective masses, high charge transfer integrals and moderate reorganization energies necessary for hole transport. Our results suggest that the phenacene series, in particular [6] → [10]phenacene, have high charge mobility and air stability essential for achieving high efficiency electronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thao P Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Woon KL, Ariffin A, Ho KW, Chen SA. Effect of conjugation and aromaticity of 3,6 di-substituted carbazoles on triplet energy and the implication of triplet energy in multiple-cyclic aromatic compounds. RSC Adv 2018; 8:9850-9857. [PMID: 35540824 PMCID: PMC9078734 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00674a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that short conjugation is needed to obtain a high triplet energy. Carbazole has 3 fused rings and yet it has a high triplet energy. In order to illuminate the reason behind this, we synthesized a range of carbazole derivatives with substitution at the 3,6-positions. All carbazoles with phenyl moieties substituted at the 3,6-positions exhibit a lower triplet energy than that of carbazole itself. We also quantified the aromaticity of carbazole using the nucleus-independent chemical shift tensor. We discovered that the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic ring in carbazole has reduced aromaticity. This results in a reduced conjugation effect between the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic ring and the neighboring benzene rings. Inspired by this finding, the triplet energies of compounds with up to seven benzene units separated by heterocycles (furan, pyrrole, thiophene, silole, and phosphole) and cyclopentadiene were calculated using time-dependent density functional theory. A high triplet energy (>3 eV) can be obtained by alternating high aromaticity and reduced aromaticity in highly extended fused π systems containing furan and pyrrole. In tricyclic aromatic compounds (dibenzofuran, carbazole, fluorene, dibenzothiophene, 5H-benzo[b]phosphinedole and 9H-9-silafluorene) and their extended fused π systems that we have examined so far, the triplet energy is related to the electronegativity of the oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, phosphorous and silicon atoms. These findings provide new intuitive insight related to the structures of molecules and the triplet energies, which could be useful in organic optoelectronics. By alternating high aromaticity and reduced aromaticity in an extended fused π-system, a high triplet energy can be obtained.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lin Woon
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Center
- Department of Physics
- University of Malaya
- Malaysia
| | - Azhar Ariffin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Kar Wei Ho
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Malaya
- 50603 Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Show-An Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters
- National Tsing-Hua University
- 30041 Hsinchu
- ROC
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Polozkov RG, Senkevich NY, Vrubel II, Shelykh IA. On the Existence of Excitonic Signatures in the Optical Response of Metal-Organic Frameworks: Comment on "van der Waals Metal-Organic Framework as an Excitonic Material for Advanced Photonics". ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1702463. [PMID: 29239520 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201702463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In a recent experimental paper, it was claimed that pronounced excitonic signatures are observed in optical response of Zn-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) at room temperature. Performing ab initio modelling, it is demonstrated that an alternative interpretation based on single-electron optical transitions between narrow π-bands in the system of aromatic rings of the ligand is far more plausible. Although these results do not rule the possibility of exciton formation in MOFs out completely, they show that extreme caution should be taken in attributing the features in photoabsorption spectra alone to excitons, and additional proof, such as data on long-distance energy transfer, is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R G Polozkov
- ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | | | - I I Vrubel
- ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - I A Shelykh
- ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, IS-107, Reykjavik, Iceland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Scivetti I, Persson M. Frontier molecular orbitals of a single molecule adsorbed on thin insulating films supported by a metal substrate: electron and hole attachment energies. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:355002. [PMID: 28657547 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa7c3a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present calculations of vertical electron and hole attachment energies to the frontier orbitals of a pentacene molecule absorbed on multi-layer sodium chloride films supported by a copper substrate using a simplified density functional theory (DFT) method. The adsorbate and the film are treated fully within DFT, whereas the metal is treated implicitly by a perfect conductor model. We find that the computed energy gap between the highest and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals-HOMO and LUMO -from the vertical attachment energies increases with the thickness of the insulating film, in agreement with experiments. This increase of the gap can be rationalised in a simple dielectric model with parameters determined from DFT calculations and is found to be dominated by the image interaction with the metal. We find, however, that this simplified model overestimates the downward shift of the energy gap in the limit of an infinitely thick film.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Scivetti
- Surface Science Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, United Kingdom. Daresbury Laboratory, Sc. Tech, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, WA4 4AD, Warrington, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
A theoretical study on the isomers of the B5TB heteroacene for improved semiconductor properties in organic electronics. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
45
|
|
46
|
Temperature-induced oligomerization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at ambient and high pressures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7889. [PMID: 28801612 PMCID: PMC5554131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08529-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature-induced oligomerization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was found at 500–773 K and ambient and high (3.5 GPa) pressures. The most intensive oligomerization at 1 bar and 3.5 GPa occurs at 740–823 K. PAH carbonization at high pressure is the final stage of oligomerization and occurs as a result of sequential oligomerization and polymerization of the starting material, caused by overlapping of π-orbitals, a decrease of intermolecular distances, and finally the dehydrogenation and polycondensation of benzene rings. Being important for building blocks of life, PAHs and their oligomers can be formed in the interior of the terrestrial planets with radii less than 2270 km.
Collapse
|
47
|
Stagi L, Chiriu D, Scholz M, Carbonaro CM, Corpino R, Porcheddu A, Rajamaki S, Cappellini G, Cardia R, Ricci PC. Vibrational and optical characterization of s-triazine derivatives. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 183:348-355. [PMID: 28458240 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The optical and electron properties of three different s-triazine derivatives are investigated to ascertain the role of the donor acceptor character in amine-triazine systems depending on the bridging radical of the ammine group. The three derivatives were obtained starting from three different ammine compounds allowing to achieve a structure with a triazine core, surrounded by three ammine group and terminated with cyano or methyl or oxy-methyl functional group. Experimental optical data were interpreted in view of the electronic insights gathered by means of density functional theory simulations on base compounds. As compared to the reference electron donating triazine core, the resulting compounds show different donor acceptor character, from electron accepting to electron donating feature. Among the analyzed derivatives, the cyano terminated ammino-triazine compound shows the most promising optical features for photonics and lighting applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Stagi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, sp. N°8 Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniele Chiriu
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, sp. N°8 Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marek Scholz
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carlo Maria Carbonaro
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, sp. N°8 Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Corpino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, sp. N°8 Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Andrea Porcheddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e GeologicheUniversità degli Studi di Cagliari.Cittadella UniversitariaSS554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (Ca), Italy
| | - Suvi Rajamaki
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e GeologicheUniversità degli Studi di Cagliari.Cittadella UniversitariaSS554 bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato (Ca), Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cappellini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, sp. N°8 Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Cardia
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, sp. N°8 Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pier Carlo Ricci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Cagliari, sp. N°8 Km 0.700, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tsuneda T, Singh RK, Nakata A. On low-lying excited states of extended nanographenes. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:2020-2029. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takao Tsuneda
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi; Kofu 400-0021 Japan
| | - Raman K. Singh
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi; Kofu 400-0021 Japan
| | - Ayako Nakata
- First-principles Simulation Group; Nano-Theory Field, International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS); Tsukuba 305-0044 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Investigation of the electronic, optoelectronics, and linear and nonlinear optical properties of the molecules heptacene ([7]acene) (C30H18) and [7]acene doped with potassium atom (C30H9K9). Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-2058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
50
|
Vikramaditya T, Lin ST. Assessing the role of Hartree-Fock exchange, correlation energy and long range corrections in evaluating ionization potential, and electron affinity in density functional theory. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:1844-1852. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Talapunur Vikramaditya
- Computational Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Tai Lin
- Computational Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering; National Taiwan University; Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|