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Saito R, Hung NT, Yang T, Huang J, Liu HL, Gulo DP, Han S, Tong L. Deep-Ultraviolet and Helicity-Dependent Raman Spectroscopy for Carbon Nanotubes and 2D Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2308558. [PMID: 38412418 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Recent progress of Raman spectroscopy on carbon nanotubes and 2D materials is reviewed as a topical review. The Raman tensor with complex values is related to the chiral 1D/2D materials without mirror symmetry for the mirror in the propagating direction of light, such as chiral carbon nanotube and black phosphorus. The phenomenon of complex Raman tensor is observed by the asymmetric polar plot of helicity-dependent Raman spectroscopy using incident circularly-polarized lights. First-principles calculations of resonant Raman spectra directly give the complex Raman tensor that explains helicity-dependent Raman spectra and laser-energy-dependent relative intensities of Raman spectra. In deep-ultraviolet (DUV) Raman spectroscopy with 266 nm laser, since the energy of the photon is large compared with the energy gap, the first-order and double resonant Raman processes occur in general k points in the Brillouin zone. First-principles calculation is necessary to understand the DUV Raman spectra and the origin of double-resonance Raman spectra. Asymmetric line shapes appear for the G band of graphene for 266 nm laser and in-plane Raman mode of WS2 for 532 nm laser, while these spectra show symmetric line shapes for other laser excitation. The interference effect on the asymmetric line shape is discussed by fitting the spectra to the Breit-Wigner-Fano line shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riichiro Saito
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, and Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Nguyen Tuan Hung
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Teng Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Huang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Hsiang-Lin Liu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | | | - Shiyi Han
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Lianming Tong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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Ungeheuer A, Bach N, Mir MT, Hassanien AS, Nöding L, Baumert T, Schäfer S, Senftleben A. Coherent acoustic phonons in a coupled hexagonal boron nitride-graphite heterostructure. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2024; 11:014501. [PMID: 38361662 PMCID: PMC10869168 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Femtosecond optically excited coherent acoustic phonon modes (CAPs) are investigated in a free-standing van der Waals heterostructure composed of a 20-nm transparent hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and a 42-nm opaque graphite layer. Employing ultrafast electron diffraction, which allows for the independent evaluation of strain dynamics in the constituent material layers, three different CAP modes are identified within the bilayer stack after the optical excitation of the graphite layer. An analytical model is used to discuss the creation of individual CAP modes. Furthermore, their excitation mechanisms in the heterostructure are inferred from the relative phases of these modes by comparison with a numerical linear-chain model. The results support an ultrafast heat transfer mechanism from graphite to the hBN lattice system, which is important to consider when using this material combination in devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Ungeheuer
- Institute of Physics, University of Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Nora Bach
- Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Mashood T. Mir
- Institute of Physics, University of Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | | | - Lukas Nöding
- Institute of Physics, University of Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Thomas Baumert
- Institute of Physics, University of Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Sascha Schäfer
- Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Arne Senftleben
- Institute of Physics, University of Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
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Carbon Nanotube Devices for Quantum Technology. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041535. [PMID: 35208080 PMCID: PMC8878677 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes, quintessentially one-dimensional quantum objects, possess a variety of electrical, optical, and mechanical properties that are suited for developing devices that operate on quantum mechanical principles. The states of one-dimensional electrons, excitons, and phonons in carbon nanotubes with exceptionally large quantization energies are promising for high-operating-temperature quantum devices. Here, we discuss recent progress in the development of carbon-nanotube-based devices for quantum technology, i.e., quantum mechanical strategies for revolutionizing computation, sensing, and communication. We cover fundamental properties of carbon nanotubes, their growth and purification methods, and methodologies for assembling them into architectures of ordered nanotubes that manifest macroscopic quantum properties. Most importantly, recent developments and proposals for quantum information processing devices based on individual and assembled nanotubes are reviewed.
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Medina Dueñas J, Calvo HL, Foa Torres LEF. Copropagating Edge States Produced by the Interaction between Electrons and Chiral Phonons in Two-Dimensional Materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:066801. [PMID: 35213173 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.066801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the chirality of electrons, the intrinsic chirality of phonons has only surfaced in recent years. Here, we report on the effects of the interaction between electrons and chiral phonons in two-dimensional materials by using a nonperturbative solution. We show that chiral phonons introduce inelastic Umklapp processes resulting in copropagating edge states that coexist with a continuum. Transport simulations further reveal the robustness of the edge states. Our results hint on the possibility of having a metal embedded with hybrid electron-phonon states of matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Medina Dueñas
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, 837.0415 Santiago, Chile
| | - Hernán L Calvo
- Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola (CONICET) and FaMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luis E F Foa Torres
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, 837.0415 Santiago, Chile
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Rodríguez-Hernández B, Oldani N, Martínez-Mesa A, Uranga-Piña L, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S. Photoexcited energy relaxation and vibronic couplings in π-conjugated carbon nanorings. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:15321-15332. [PMID: 32628225 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01452d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated carbon nanorings exhibit unique photophysical properties that, combined with their tunable sizes and conformations, make them suitable for a variety of practical applications. These properties are intimately associated to their strained, bent and sterically hindered cyclic structures. Herein we perform a comparative analysis of the photoinduced dynamics in carbon nanorings composed of nine phenyl units([9]CPP) and nine naphthyl units ([9]CN) respectively. The sterically demanding naphthyl units lead to large dihedral angles between neighboring units. Nevertheless, the ultrafast electronic and vibrational energy relaxation and redistribution is found to be similar for both systems. We observe that vibronic couplings, introduced by nonadiabatic energy transfer between electronic excited states, ensure the intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution through specific vibrational modes. The comparative impact of the internal conversion process on the exciton spatial localization and intra-ring migration indicates that naphthyl units in [9]CN achieve more efficient but less dynamical self-trapping compared to that of phenyl units in [9]CPP. That is, during the photoinduced process, the exciton in [9]CN is more static and localized than the exciton in [9]CPP. The internal conversion processes take place through a specific set of middle- to high-frequency normal modes, which directly influence the spatial exciton redistribution during the internal conversion, self-trapping and intra-ring migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rodríguez-Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina.
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Sasaki H, Tanaka R, Okano Y, Minami F, Kayanuma Y, Shikano Y, Nakamura KG. Coherent control theory and experiment of optical phonons in diamond. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9609. [PMID: 29942007 PMCID: PMC6018434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The coherent control of optical phonons has been experimentally demonstrated in various physical systems. While the transient dynamics for optical phonons can be explained by phenomenological models, the coherent control experiment cannot be explained due to the quantum interference. Here, we theoretically propose the generation and detection processes of the optical phonons and experimentally confirm our theoretical model using the diamond optical phonon by the doublepump-probe type experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Sasaki
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Riho Tanaka
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Okano
- Center for Mesoscopic Sciences, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Fujio Minami
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kayanuma
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
- Graduate School of Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shikano
- Quantum Computing Center, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan.
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan.
- Institute for Quantum Studies, Chapman University, 1 University Dr., Orange, California, 92866, USA.
- Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems (CIMoS), Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 38 Nishigo-Naka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Kazutaka G Nakamura
- Laboratory for Materials and Structures, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.
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Nugraha ART, Hasdeo EH, Saito R. Selective coherent phonon-mode generation in single-wall carbon nanotubes. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:055302. [PMID: 27941224 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/29/5/055302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The pulse-train technique within ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy is theoretically investigated to excite a specific coherent phonon mode while suppressing the other phonon modes generated in single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). In particular, we focus on the selectivity of the radial breathing mode (RBM) and the G-band for a given SWNT. We find that if the repetition period of the pulse train matches with the integer multiple of the RBM phonon period, the RBM amplitude can be maintained while the amplitudes of the other modes are suppressed. As for the G-band, when we apply a repetition period of a half-integer multiple of the RBM period, the RBM can be suppressed because of destructive interference, while the G-band still survives. It is also possible to keep the G-band and suppress the RBM by applying a repetition period that matches with the integer multiple of the G-band phonon period. However, in this case we have to use a large number of laser pulses having a property of "magic ratio" of the G-band and RBM periods.
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Oldani N, Doorn SK, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S. Photoinduced dynamics in cycloparaphenylenes: planarization, electron–phonon coupling, localization and intra-ring migration of the electronic excitation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:30914-30924. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06426h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes represent the smallest possible fragments of armchair carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Oldani
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes
- B1876BXD Bernal
- Argentina
| | - S. K. Doorn
- Theoretical Division
- Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
| | - S. Tretiak
- Theoretical Division
- Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT)
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
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Saito R, Nugraha ART, Hasdeo EH, Hung NT, Izumida W. Electronic and Optical Properties of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 375:7. [PMID: 28032245 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-016-0095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we overview our recent theoretical works on electronic and optical properties of carbon nanotubes by going from the background to the perspectives. Electronic Raman spectra of metallic carbon nanotubes give a new picture of Raman processes. Thermoelectricity of semiconducting nanotubes gives a general concept of the confinement effect on the thermoelectric power factor. Selective excitation of only a single phonon mode is proposed by the pulsed train technique of coherent phonon spectroscopy. Occurrence of both two and four fold degeneracy in the carbon nanotube quantum dot is explained by difference group velocities and the intra/inter valley scattering near the hexagonal corner of the Brillouin zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Saito
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
| | - A R T Nugraha
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - E H Hasdeo
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - N T Hung
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - W Izumida
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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Lim YS, Nugraha ART, Cho SJ, Noh MY, Yoon EJ, Liu H, Kim JH, Telg H, Hároz EH, Sanders GD, Baik SH, Kataura H, Doorn SK, Stanton CJ, Saito R, Kono J, Joo T. Ultrafast generation of fundamental and multiple-order phonon excitations in highly enriched (6,5) single-wall carbon nanotubes. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:1426-1432. [PMID: 24527806 DOI: 10.1021/nl404536b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Using a macroscopic ensemble of highly enriched (6,5) single-wall carbon nanotubes, combined with high signal-to-noise ratio and time-dependent differential transmission spectroscopy, we have generated vibrational modes in an ultrawide spectral range (10-3000 cm(-1)). A total of 14 modes were clearly resolved and identified, including fundamental modes of A, E1, and E2 symmetries and their combinational modes involving two and three phonons. Through comparison with continuous wave Raman spectra as well as calculations based on an extended tight-binding model, we were able to identify all the observed peaks and determine the frequencies of the individual and combined modes. We provide a full summary of phonon frequencies for (6,5) nanotubes that can serve as a basic reference with which to refine our understanding of nanotube phonon spectra as well as a testbed for new theoretical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sik Lim
- Department of Nano Science and Mechanical Engineering and Nanotechnology Research Center, Konkuk University , Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, Republic of Korea
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Optophononics with coupled quantum dots. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3299. [PMID: 24534815 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern technology is founded on the intimate understanding of how to utilize and control electrons. Next to electrons, nature uses phonons, quantized vibrations of an elastic structure, to carry energy, momentum and even information through solids. Phonons permeate the crystalline components of modern technology, yet in terms of technological utilization phonons are far from being on par with electrons. Here we demonstrate how phonons can be employed to render a single quantum dot pair optically transparent. This phonon-induced transparency is realized via the formation of a molecular polaron, the result of a Fano-type quantum interference, which proves that we have accomplished making typically incoherent and dissipative phonons behave in a coherent and non-dissipative manner. We find the transparency to be widely tunable by electronic and optical means. Thereby we show amplification of weakest coupling channels. We further outline the molecular polaron's potential as a control element in phononic circuitry architecture.
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