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Totani R, Ljubić I, Ciavardini A, Grazioli C, Galdenzi F, de Simone M, Coreno M. Frontier orbital stability of nitroxyl organic radicals probed by means of inner shell resonantly enhanced valence band photoelectron spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1993-2003. [PMID: 35018901 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05264k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the frontier orbitals of persistent organic radicals known as nitroxyls by resonant photoelectron spectroscopy (ResPES) under inner shell excitation. By means of this site-specific technique, we were able to disentangle the different atomic contributions to the outer valence molecular orbitals and examine several core-hole relaxation pathways involving the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) localized on the nitroxyl group. To interpret the ResPES intensity trends, especially the strong enhancement of the SOMO ionized state at the N K-edge, we computed the Dyson spin orbitals (DSOs) pertaining to the transitions between the core-excited initial states and several of the singly ionized valence final states. We found that the computed vertical valence ionization potentials and norms of the DSOs are reasonably reliable when based on the long-range corrected CAM-B3LYP density functional. Thanks to their unpaired electrons, nitroxyls have recently found application in technological fields implying a spin control, such as spintronics and quantum computing. The present findings on the electronic structure of nitroxyl persistent radicals furnish important hints for their implementation in technological devices and, more in general, for the synthesis of new and stable organic radicals with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Totani
- ISM-CNR, LD2 Unit, Basovizza Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - I Ljubić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - A Ciavardini
- University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - C Grazioli
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza SS-14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - F Galdenzi
- University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M de Simone
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza SS-14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- ISM-CNR, LD2 Unit, Basovizza Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
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2
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Patanen M, Abid AR, Pratt ST, Kivimäki A, Trofimov AB, Skitnevskaya AD, Grigoricheva EK, Gromov EV, Powis I, Holland DMP. Valence shell photoelectron angular distributions and vibrationally resolved spectra of imidazole: A combined experimental-theoretical study. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:054304. [PMID: 34364329 DOI: 10.1063/5.0058983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Linearly polarized synchrotron radiation has been used to record polarization dependent valence shell photoelectron spectra of imidazole in the photon energy range 21-100 eV. These have allowed the photoelectron angular distributions, as characterized by the anisotropy parameter β, and the electronic state intensity branching ratios to be determined. Complementing these experimental data, theoretical photoionization partial cross sections and β-parameters have been calculated for the outer valence shell orbitals. The assignment of the structure appearing in the experimental photoelectron spectra has been guided by vertical ionization energies and spectral intensities calculated by various theoretical methods that incorporate electron correlation and orbital relaxation. Strong orbital relaxation effects have been found for the 15a', nitrogen lone-pair orbital. The calculations also predict that configuration mixing leads to the formation of several low-lying satellite states. The vibrational structure associated with ionization out of a particular orbital has been simulated within the Franck-Condon model using harmonic vibrational modes. The adiabatic approximation appears to be valid for the X 2A″ state, with the β-parameter for this state being independent of the level of vibrational excitation. However, for all the other outer valence ionic states, a disparity occurs between the observed and the simulated vibrational structure, and the measured β-parameters are at variance with the behavior expected at the level of the Franck-Condon approximation. These inconsistencies suggest that the excited electronic states may be interacting vibronically such that the nuclear dynamics occur over coupled potential energy surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Patanen
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - A R Abid
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - S T Pratt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A Kivimäki
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - A B Trofimov
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemical Modeling of Molecular Systems, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - A D Skitnevskaya
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemical Modeling of Molecular Systems, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - E K Grigoricheva
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemical Modeling of Molecular Systems, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - E V Gromov
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemical Modeling of Molecular Systems, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - I Powis
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - D M P Holland
- Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
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Duran AT, Powis I, Holland DMP, Nicolas C, Bozek J, Trofimov AB, Grigoricheva EK, Skitnevskaya AD. Vibronic interaction in trans-dichloroethene studied by vibration- and angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy using 19–90 eV photon energy. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:094303. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse T. Duran
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- Photek Ltd., Castleham Road, St. Leonards on Sea, East Sussex TN38 9NS, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Powis
- School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - David M. P. Holland
- Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Nicolas
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - John Bozek
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. B. Trofimov
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemical Modelling of Molecular Systems, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
- Favorsky’s Institute of Chemistry, SB RAS, Favorsky Str. 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - E. K. Grigoricheva
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemical Modelling of Molecular Systems, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - A. D. Skitnevskaya
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemical Modelling of Molecular Systems, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
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Holland D, Nandi S, Nicolas C, Bozek J, Patanen M, Powis I. An experimental and theoretical study of the valence shell photoelectron spectrum of oxalyl chloride. Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.111050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Powis I, Menzies RC, Holland DMP, Trofimov AB, Skitnevskaya AD, Gromov EV, Antonsson E, Patanen M, Nicolas C, Miron C. Photoionization dynamics ofcis-dichloroethene from investigation of vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectra and angular distributions. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:074305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5042216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I. Powis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - R. C. Menzies
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - D. M. P. Holland
- Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - A. B. Trofimov
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
- Favorsky’s Institute of Chemistry, SB RAS, Favorsky Str. 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - A. D. Skitnevskaya
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - E. V. Gromov
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E. Antonsson
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. Patanen
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C. Nicolas
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C. Miron
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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6
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Trofimov AB, Powis I, Menzies RC, Holland DMP, Antonsson E, Patanen M, Nicolas C, Miron C, Skitnevskaya AD, Gromov EV, Köppel H. An experimental and theoretical study of the photoelectron spectra ofcis-dichloroethene: Valence shell vertical ionization and vibronic coupling in the low-lying cationic states. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:074306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5033425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Trofimov
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
- Favorsky’s Institute of Chemistry, SB RAS, Favorsky Str. 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - I. Powis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - R. C. Menzies
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - D. M. P. Holland
- Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - E. Antonsson
- Physical Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Patanen
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - C. Nicolas
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C. Miron
- LIDYL, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP),“Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Măgurele, Judeţul Ilfov, Romania
| | - A. D. Skitnevskaya
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - E. V. Gromov
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H. Köppel
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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7
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Liu B, Zhao H, Lin X, Li X, Gao M, Wang L, Wang W. Vibronic relaxation dynamics of o-dichlorobenzene in its lowest excited singlet state. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Holland DMP, Powis I, Trofimov AB, Menzies RC, Potts AW, Karlsson L, Badsyuk IL, Moskovskaya TE, Gromov EV, Schirmer J. An experimental and theoretical study of the valence shell photoelectron spectra of 2-chloropyridine and 3-chloropyridine. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:164307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4999433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. M. P. Holland
- Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - I. Powis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - A. B. Trofimov
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
- Favorsky’s Institute of Chemistry, SB RAS, Favorsky Str. 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - R. C. Menzies
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - A. W. Potts
- Department of Physics, King’s College, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - L. Karlsson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I. L. Badsyuk
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - T. E. Moskovskaya
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - E. V. Gromov
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. Schirmer
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Trofimov AB, Holland DMP, Powis I, Menzies RC, Potts AW, Karlsson L, Gromov EV, Badsyuk IL, Schirmer J. Ionization of pyridine: Interplay of orbital relaxation and electron correlation. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:244307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4986405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Trofimov
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx St. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
- Favorsky’s Institute of Chemistry, SB RAS, Favorsky St. 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - D. M. P. Holland
- Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - I. Powis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - R. C. Menzies
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - A. W. Potts
- Department of Physics, King’s College, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - L. Karlsson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E. V. Gromov
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I. L. Badsyuk
- Favorsky’s Institute of Chemistry, SB RAS, Favorsky St. 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - J. Schirmer
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Irikura KK. Semi-empirical estimation of ion-specific cross sections in electron ionization of molecules. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:224102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4971242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karl K. Irikura
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8320, USA
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11
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Schneider M, Soshnikov DY, Holland DMP, Powis I, Antonsson E, Patanen M, Nicolas C, Miron C, Wormit M, Dreuw A, Trofimov AB. A fresh look at the photoelectron spectrum of bromobenzene: A third-order non-Dyson electron propagator study. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:144103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4931643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Schneider
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Yu. Soshnikov
- Favorsky’s Institute of Chemistry, SB RAS, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Irkutsk State University, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - D. M. P. Holland
- Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - I. Powis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - E. Antonsson
- Synchrotron Soleil, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M. Patanen
- Synchrotron Soleil, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C. Nicolas
- Synchrotron Soleil, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C. Miron
- Synchrotron Soleil, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M. Wormit
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. B. Trofimov
- Favorsky’s Institute of Chemistry, SB RAS, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Irkutsk State University, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
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12
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Powis I, Holland DMP, Antonsson E, Patanen M, Nicolas C, Miron C, Schneider M, Soshnikov DY, Dreuw A, Trofimov AB. The influence of the bromine atom Cooper minimum on the photoelectron angular distributions and branching ratios of the four outermost bands of bromobenzene. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:144304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4931642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I. Powis
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - D. M. P. Holland
- Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - E. Antonsson
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M. Patanen
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C. Nicolas
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - C. Miron
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, l’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP 48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M. Schneider
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Scientific Computation, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D. Yu. Soshnikov
- Favorsky’s Institute of Chemistry, SB RAS, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Irkutsk State University, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - A. Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Scientific Computation, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. B. Trofimov
- Favorsky’s Institute of Chemistry, SB RAS, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Irkutsk State University, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
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Holland D, Powis I, Trofimov A, Bodzuk I, Soshnikov D, Potts A, Karlsson L. A study of the valence shell electronic structure and photoionisation dynamics of ortho-dichlorobenzene, ortho-bromochlorobenzene and trichlorobenzene. Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Potts A, Holland D, Powis I, Karlsson L, Trofimov A, Bodzuk I. A study of the valence shell electronic structure and photoionisation dynamics of meta-dichlorobenzene and meta-bromochlorobenzene. Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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