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Bernasconi L, Carnovale M, Lonati D, Petrolini VM, Schicchi A, Brolli B, Negrini VM, Grazioli C, Maystrova O, Buscaglia E, Scaravaggi G, Crema F, Locatelli CA. Hydrogen cyanamide exposure: a case series from Pavia Poison Control Centre. Occup Med (Lond) 2023; 73:500-506. [PMID: 37948128 PMCID: PMC10756658 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen cyanamide is a plant growth regulator introduced in Italy as Dormex in 2000, but recalled from the market in 2008. It's currently not authorized in Europe. Inhalation/dermal contact may cause irritation/caustic burns, ingestion of severe organ damage and concomitant alcohol consumption disulfiram-like reaction due to aldehyde-dehydrogenase inhibition by hydrogen cyanamide. AIMS To study all exposure cases referred to our centre, evaluating temporal and geographic distribution and analysing clinical manifestations, including the ones after alcohol consumption. METHODS We retrospectively evaluated all hydrogen cyanamide exposures referred to our Poison Control Centre (January 2007-December 2021). For each case, age, sex, exposure route/year, geographical location, intent of exposure, alcohol co-ingestion, emergency department-admission Poison Severity Score, signs/symptoms and treatment were analysed. RESULTS Thirty subjects were included. Median case/year was 1 [1; 2]: 79% occurred after market withdrawal, 92% in Sicily. All exposures were unintentional and work related; 41% of patients also co-ingested alcohol. Mean poison severity score at emergency department admission was 1.54, more severe when ingestion occurred. The most common signs/symptoms were flushing, secondary to peripheral vasodilation (41%), hyperaemia/erythema (29%), dyspnoea (25%), nausea (20%), vomiting (12%), oedema (12%), II-III degrees burns (12%) and pharyngodynia (12%). All patients were treated symptomatically and fully recovered. CONCLUSIONS Hydrogen cyanamide exposure can lead to severe clinical manifestations. Despite its withdrawal from the Italian market, hydrogen cyanamide is still used: through PCC's crucial role in monitoring exposure to agricultural products efforts should be made to contrast illegal trade and increase awareness of its potential toxicity in those countries in which it's still legal.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bernasconi
- Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia Poison Control Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Clinical and Experimental Lab, Pavia 27100, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - M Carnovale
- Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia Poison Control Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Clinical and Experimental Lab, Pavia 27100, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - D Lonati
- Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia Poison Control Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Clinical and Experimental Lab, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - V M Petrolini
- Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia Poison Control Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Clinical and Experimental Lab, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - A Schicchi
- Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia Poison Control Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Clinical and Experimental Lab, Pavia 27100, Italy
- Experimental Medicine PhD program, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - B Brolli
- Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia Poison Control Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Clinical and Experimental Lab, Pavia 27100, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - V M Negrini
- Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia Poison Control Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Clinical and Experimental Lab, Pavia 27100, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - C Grazioli
- Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia Poison Control Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Clinical and Experimental Lab, Pavia 27100, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - O Maystrova
- Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia Poison Control Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Clinical and Experimental Lab, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - E Buscaglia
- Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia Poison Control Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Clinical and Experimental Lab, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Giulia Scaravaggi
- Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia Poison Control Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Clinical and Experimental Lab, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - F Crema
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - C A Locatelli
- Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS, Pavia Poison Control Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Clinical and Experimental Lab, Pavia 27100, Italy
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2
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Totani R, Ljubić I, Ciavardini A, Grazioli C, Galdenzi F, de Simone M, Coreno M. Frontier orbital stability of nitroxyl organic radicals probed by means of inner shell resonantly enhanced valence band photoelectron spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:1993-2003. [PMID: 35018901 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05264k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the frontier orbitals of persistent organic radicals known as nitroxyls by resonant photoelectron spectroscopy (ResPES) under inner shell excitation. By means of this site-specific technique, we were able to disentangle the different atomic contributions to the outer valence molecular orbitals and examine several core-hole relaxation pathways involving the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) localized on the nitroxyl group. To interpret the ResPES intensity trends, especially the strong enhancement of the SOMO ionized state at the N K-edge, we computed the Dyson spin orbitals (DSOs) pertaining to the transitions between the core-excited initial states and several of the singly ionized valence final states. We found that the computed vertical valence ionization potentials and norms of the DSOs are reasonably reliable when based on the long-range corrected CAM-B3LYP density functional. Thanks to their unpaired electrons, nitroxyls have recently found application in technological fields implying a spin control, such as spintronics and quantum computing. The present findings on the electronic structure of nitroxyl persistent radicals furnish important hints for their implementation in technological devices and, more in general, for the synthesis of new and stable organic radicals with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Totani
- ISM-CNR, LD2 Unit, Basovizza Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - I Ljubić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - A Ciavardini
- University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - C Grazioli
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza SS-14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - F Galdenzi
- University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - M de Simone
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Basovizza SS-14, km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- ISM-CNR, LD2 Unit, Basovizza Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
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3
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Toffoli D, Grazioli C, Monti M, Stener M, Totani R, Richter R, Schio L, Fronzoni G, Cossaro A. Revealing the electronic properties of the B-B bond: the bis-catecholato diboron molecule. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:23517-23525. [PMID: 34642728 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03428f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The electronic properties of a diboron molecule, namely bis(catecholato)diboron (2-(1,3,2-benzodioxaborol-2-yl)-1,3,2-benzodioxaborole) (B2Cat2), have been studied by comparing the results of photoemission (XPS) and near edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS) experiments with the outcome of DFT calculations. The B 1s, C 1s and O 1s K-edges have been investigated for both the isolated gas phase molecule and the adsorbed one on the Au(111) surface. The main features of the polarized NEXAFS spectra at each of the three edges considered are not significantly affected by the presence of the substrate, with respect to the isolated molecule, indicating that the molecule-gold interaction is weak. Moreover, the comparison between the observed dichroism in the NEXAFS spectra of the adsorbed B2Cat2 and that in the NEXAFS spectra of the isolated molecule has confirmed the orbital symmetry assigned in the gas phase absorption spectra. The transitions to π(B-B) bonding and π*(B-B) anti-bonding final states represent the most relevant probe of the chemistry of the B2Cat2 molecule. We show that their theoretical description requires that the treatment of the relaxation changes among different excited state configurations, which we successfully implemented by using ΔSCF-DFT (ΔSCF) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Toffoli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - C Grazioli
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, S.S.14, Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Monti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - M Stener
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - R Totani
- ISM-CNR, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, LD2 Unit, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - R Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - L Schio
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, S.S.14, Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - G Fronzoni
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - A Cossaro
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy. .,IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali-CNR, S.S.14, Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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4
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Mudrich M, LaForge AC, Ciavardini A, O'Keeffe P, Callegari C, Coreno M, Demidovich A, Devetta M, Fraia MD, Drabbels M, Finetti P, Gessner O, Grazioli C, Hernando A, Neumark DM, Ovcharenko Y, Piseri P, Plekan O, Prince KC, Richter R, Ziemkiewicz MP, Möller T, Eloranta J, Pi M, Barranco M, Stienkemeier F. Ultrafast relaxation of photoexcited superfluid He nanodroplets. Nat Commun 2020; 11:112. [PMID: 31913265 PMCID: PMC6949273 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The relaxation of photoexcited nanosystems is a fundamental process of light–matter interaction. Depending on the couplings of the internal degrees of freedom, relaxation can be ultrafast, converting electronic energy in a few fs, or slow, if the energy is trapped in a metastable state that decouples from its environment. Here, we study helium nanodroplets excited resonantly by femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses from a seeded free-electron laser. Despite their superfluid nature, we find that helium nanodroplets in the lowest electronically excited states undergo ultrafast relaxation. By comparing experimental photoelectron spectra with time-dependent density functional theory simulations, we unravel the full relaxation pathway: Following an ultrafast interband transition, a void nanometer-sized bubble forms around the localized excitation (He\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}^{* }$$\end{document}*) within 1 ps. Subsequently, the bubble collapses and releases metastable He\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${}^{* }$$\end{document}* at the droplet surface. This study highlights the high level of detail achievable in probing the photodynamics of nanosystems using tunable XUV pulses. There is interest in understanding the relaxation mechanisms of photoexcitation in atoms, molecules and other complex systems. Here the authors unravel the photoexcitation and ultrafast relaxation of superfluid helium nanodroplets using a pump-probe experiment with FEL pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mudrich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.
| | - A C LaForge
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79104, Germany.,Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - A Ciavardini
- CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015, Italy.,CERIC-ERIC Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - P O'Keeffe
- CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015, Italy
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- CNR-ISM, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015, Italy
| | - A Demidovich
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - M Devetta
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy.,CNR-IFN, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - M Di Fraia
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - M Drabbels
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanodynamics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - O Gessner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - C Grazioli
- CNR-IOM, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Area Science Park - Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - A Hernando
- Kido Dynamics, EPFL Innovation Park Bat. C, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Instituto de Fisica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos, Campus Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - D M Neumark
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Y Ovcharenko
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU-Berlin, 10623, Germany.,European XFEL, Schenefeld, 22869, Germany
| | - P Piseri
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - R Richter
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - M P Ziemkiewicz
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - T Möller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU-Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - J Eloranta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University at Northridge, Northridge, CA, 91330, USA
| | - M Pi
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - M Barranco
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, IRSAMC, UMR 5589, CNRS et Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3, Toulouse, Cedex 09, 31062, France
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, 79104, Germany
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5
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Zhang T, Brumboiu IE, Lanzilotto V, Grazioli C, Guarnaccio A, Johansson FOL, Coreno M, de Simone M, Santagata A, Brena B, Puglia C. Electronic structure modifications induced by increased molecular complexity: from triphenylamine to m-MTDATA. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17959-17970. [PMID: 31384854 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The starburst π-conjugated molecule 4,4',4''-tris(N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenyl-amino)triphenylamine (C57H48N4, m-MTDATA), based on triphenylamine (TPA) building blocks, is widely used in optoelectronic devices due to its good electron-donor characteristics. The electronic structure of m-MTDATA was investigated for the first time in the gas phase by means of PhotoElectron Spectroscopy (PES) and Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The combination of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations with the experimental spectra provides a comprehensive description of the molecular electronic structure. Moreover, by comparing the results with previous TPA measurements, we could shed light on how the electronic structure evolves when the molecular size is increased. We found that the C 1s photoelectron spectra of m-MTDATA and TPA are similar, due to the balance of the counter-acting effects of the electronegativity of the N atoms and the delocalization of the amine lone-pair electrons. In contrast, the increased number of N atoms (i.e. N lone pairs) in m-MTDATA determines a three-peak feature in the outermost valence binding energy region with strong contributions by the N 2pz orbitals. We also obtained a decrease of the HOMO-LUMO gap for m-MTDATA, which points to improved electron donating properties of m-MTDATA with respect to TPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
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6
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Toffoli D, Guarnaccio A, Grazioli C, Zhang T, Johansson F, de Simone M, Coreno M, Santagata A, D’Auria M, Puglia C, Bernes E, Stener M, Fronzoni G. Electronic Structure Characterization of a Thiophene Benzo-Annulated Series of Common Building Blocks for Donor and Acceptor Compounds Studied by Gas Phase Photoelectron and Photoabsorption Synchrotron Spectroscopies. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8745-8761. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Toffoli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - A. Guarnaccio
- Tito Scalo (PZ) and Trieste LD2 Unit, ISM-CNR, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - C. Grazioli
- Tito Scalo (PZ) and Trieste LD2 Unit, ISM-CNR, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - T. Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F. Johansson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M. de Simone
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Basovizza, Italy
| | - M. Coreno
- Tito Scalo (PZ) and Trieste LD2 Unit, ISM-CNR, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - A. Santagata
- Tito Scalo (PZ) and Trieste LD2 Unit, ISM-CNR, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M. D’Auria
- Science Department, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - C. Puglia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E. Bernes
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M. Stener
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - G. Fronzoni
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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7
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Squibb RJ, Sapunar M, Ponzi A, Richter R, Kivimäki A, Plekan O, Finetti P, Sisourat N, Zhaunerchyk V, Marchenko T, Journel L, Guillemin R, Cucini R, Coreno M, Grazioli C, Di Fraia M, Callegari C, Prince KC, Decleva P, Simon M, Eland JHD, Došlić N, Feifel R, Piancastelli MN. Acetylacetone photodynamics at a seeded free-electron laser. Nat Commun 2018; 9:63. [PMID: 29302026 PMCID: PMC5754354 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The first steps in photochemical processes, such as photosynthesis or animal vision, involve changes in electronic and geometric structure on extremely short time scales. Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy is a natural way to measure such changes, but has been hindered hitherto by limitations of available pulsed light sources in the vacuum-ultraviolet and soft X-ray spectral region, which have insufficient resolution in time and energy simultaneously. The unique combination of intensity, energy resolution, and femtosecond pulse duration of the FERMI-seeded free-electron laser can now provide exceptionally detailed information on photoexcitation–deexcitation and fragmentation in pump-probe experiments on the 50-femtosecond time scale. For the prototypical system acetylacetone we report here electron spectra measured as a function of time delay with enough spectral and time resolution to follow several photoexcited species through well-characterized individual steps, interpreted using state-of-the-art static and dynamics calculations. These results open the way for investigations of photochemical processes in unprecedented detail. The first steps in photochemical processes involve changes in electronic and geometric structure on extremely short timescales. Here, the authors report femtosecond dynamics in prototypical acetylacetone, by pump-probe photoexcitation-photoemission experiments and static and dynamics calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Squibb
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Sapunar
- Institut Ruđer Bošković, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Ponzi
- Institut Ruđer Bošković, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - R Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Kivimäki
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Officina dei Materiali, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - N Sisourat
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - V Zhaunerchyk
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T Marchenko
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - L Journel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - R Guillemin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - R Cucini
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Struttura della Materia, LD2 unit, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Grazioli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Struttura della Materia, LD2 unit, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Di Fraia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Struttura della Materia, LD2 unit, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Struttura della Materia, LD2 unit, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.,Molecular Model Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - P Decleva
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Officina dei Materiali, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Universitá di Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Simon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - J H D Eland
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - N Došlić
- Institut Ruđer Bošković, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - R Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M N Piancastelli
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7614, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden.
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8
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Baseggio O, Toffoli D, Stener M, Fronzoni G, de Simone M, Grazioli C, Coreno M, Guarnaccio A, Santagata A, D’Auria M. S2p core level spectroscopy of short chain oligothiophenes. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:244301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5006875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O. Baseggio
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - D. Toffoli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M. Stener
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - G. Fronzoni
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - M. de Simone
- IOM-CNR, Laboratorio TASC, Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Basovizza, Italy
| | - C. Grazioli
- ISM-CNR, Potenza and Trieste LD2 Unit, Italy
| | - M. Coreno
- ISM-CNR, Potenza and Trieste LD2 Unit, Italy
| | | | | | - M. D’Auria
- Science Department, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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9
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Totani R, Grazioli C, Zhang T, Bidermane I, Lüder J, de Simone M, Coreno M, Brena B, Lozzi L, Puglia C. Electronic structure investigation of biphenylene films. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:054705. [PMID: 28178795 DOI: 10.1063/1.4975104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoelectron Spectroscopy (PS) and Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy have been used to investigate the occupied and empty density of states of biphenylene films of different thicknesses, deposited onto a Cu(111) crystal. The obtained results have been compared to previous gas phase spectra and single molecule Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to get insights into the possible modification of the molecular electronic structure in the film induced by the adsorption on a surface. Furthermore, NEXAFS measurements allowed characterizing the variation of the molecular arrangement with the film thickness and helped to clarify the substrate-molecule interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Totani
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C Grazioli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - T Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Bidermane
- Institute Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein St. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Lüder
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M de Simone
- CNR-IOM,S.S. 14 km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Basovizza, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- CNR-ISM, S.S. 14 km 163.5, I-34149 Trieste, Basovizza, Italy
| | - B Brena
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Lozzi
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio, 67100 Coppito L'Aquila, Italy
| | - C Puglia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Grazioli C, Baseggio O, Stener M, Fronzoni G, de Simone M, Coreno M, Guarnaccio A, Santagata A, D’Auria M. Study of the electronic structure of short chain oligothiophenes. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:054303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4974841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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11
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Ilchen M, Douguet N, Mazza T, Rafipoor AJ, Callegari C, Finetti P, Plekan O, Prince KC, Demidovich A, Grazioli C, Avaldi L, Bolognesi P, Coreno M, Di Fraia M, Devetta M, Ovcharenko Y, Düsterer S, Ueda K, Bartschat K, Grum-Grzhimailo AN, Bozhevolnov AV, Kazansky AK, Kabachnik NM, Meyer M. Circular Dichroism in Multiphoton Ionization of Resonantly Excited He^{+} Ions. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:013002. [PMID: 28106422 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.013002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Intense, circularly polarized extreme-ultraviolet and near-infrared (NIR) laser pulses are combined to double ionize atomic helium via the oriented intermediate He^{+}(3p) resonance state. Applying angle-resolved electron spectroscopy, we find a large photon helicity dependence of the spectrum and the angular distribution of the electrons ejected from the resonance by NIR multiphoton absorption. The measured circular dichroism is unexpectedly found to vary strongly as a function of the NIR intensity. The experimental data are well described by theoretical modeling and possible mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ilchen
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld Hamburg, Germany
- PULSE at Stanford, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, 94025 California, USA
| | - N Douguet
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa 50311, USA
| | - T Mazza
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld Hamburg, Germany
| | - A J Rafipoor
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Basovizza, Italy
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area Science Park, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
- Molecular Model Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - A Demidovich
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - C Grazioli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - L Avaldi
- CNR Istituto Struttura della Materia, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - P Bolognesi
- CNR Istituto Struttura della Materia, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- CNR Istituto Struttura della Materia, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100-00133 Roma, Italy
| | - M Di Fraia
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, I-34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Devetta
- Istituto di fotonica e nanotecnologie CNR-IFN, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Y Ovcharenko
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - K Bartschat
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa 50311, USA
| | - A N Grum-Grzhimailo
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld Hamburg, Germany
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - A V Bozhevolnov
- Sankt Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, Sankt Petersburg 199164, Russia
| | - A K Kazansky
- Departamento de Fisica de Materiales, UPV/EHU, E-20018 San Sebastian/Donostia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48011 Bilbao, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), E-20018 San Sebastian/Donostia, Spain
| | - N M Kabachnik
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld Hamburg, Germany
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), E-20018 San Sebastian/Donostia, Spain
| | - M Meyer
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Žitnik M, Mihelič A, Bučar K, Kavčič M, Rubensson JE, Svanquist M, Söderström J, Feifel R, Såthe C, Ovcharenko Y, Lyamayev V, Mazza T, Meyer M, Simon M, Journel L, Lüning J, Plekan O, Coreno M, Devetta M, Di Fraia M, Finetti P, Richter R, Grazioli C, Prince KC, Callegari C. High resolution multiphoton spectroscopy by a tunable free-electron-laser light. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:193201. [PMID: 25415905 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.193201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Seeded free electron lasers theoretically have the intensity, tunability, and resolution required for multiphoton spectroscopy of atomic and molecular species. Using the seeded free electron laser FERMI and a novel detection scheme, we have revealed the two-photon excitation spectra of dipole-forbidden doubly excited states in helium. The spectral profiles of the lowest (-1,0)(+1) (1)S(e) and (0,1)(0) (1)D(e) resonances display energy shifts in the meV range that depend on the pulse intensity. The results are explained by an effective two-level model based on calculated Rabi frequencies and decay rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Žitnik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia and Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Mihelič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - K Bučar
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Kavčič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J-E Rubensson
- Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, P.O. Box 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Svanquist
- Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, P.O. Box 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Söderström
- Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, P.O. Box 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Feifel
- Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, P.O. Box 530, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden and University of Gothenburg, Department of Physics, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Såthe
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Y Ovcharenko
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Eugene-Wigner-Building Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - V Lyamayev
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder Strasse 3a, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - T Mazza
- European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Meyer
- European XFEL GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Simon
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France and CNRS, UMR 7614, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - L Journel
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France and CNRS, UMR 7614, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J Lüning
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7614, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France and CNRS, UMR 7614, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163, 5, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163, 5, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Devetta
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163, 5, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Di Fraia
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 2, I-34124 Trieste, Italy
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163, 5, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - R Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163, 5, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Grazioli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163, 5, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163, 5, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy and eChemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14-km 163, 5, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
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13
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Poletto L, Frassetto F, Miotti P, Di Cicco A, Finetti P, Grazioli C, Iesari F, Kivimäki A, Stagira S, Coreno M. Spectrometer for X-ray emission experiments at FERMI free-electron-laser. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:103112. [PMID: 25362376 DOI: 10.1063/1.4898315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A portable and compact photon spectrometer to be used for photon in-photon out experiments, in particular x-ray emission spectroscopy, is presented. The instrument operates in the 25-800 eV energy range to cover the full emissions of the FEL1 and FEL2 stages of FERMI. The optical design consists of two interchangeable spherical varied-lined-spaced gratings and a CCD detector. Different input sections can be accommodated, with/without an entrance slit and with/without an additional relay mirror, that allow to mount the spectrometer in different end-stations and at variable distances from the target area both at synchrotron and at free-electron-laser beamlines. The characterization on the Gas Phase beamline at ELETTRA Synchrotron (Italy) is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Poletto
- CNR - Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), via Trasea 7, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Frassetto
- CNR - Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), via Trasea 7, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - P Miotti
- CNR - Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), via Trasea 7, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A Di Cicco
- Physics Division, School of Science and Technology, Università di Camerino, I-62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - P Finetti
- ELETTRA - Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza Area Science Park, S. S. 14 - km 163,5, I-34149, Basovizza (TS), Italy
| | - C Grazioli
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - F Iesari
- Physics Division, School of Science and Technology, Università di Camerino, I-62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - A Kivimäki
- CNR-Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR-IOM), Laboratorio TASC, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - S Stagira
- Politecnico di Milano - Department of Physics, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- ELETTRA - Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza Area Science Park, S. S. 14 - km 163,5, I-34149, Basovizza (TS), Italy
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14
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Poletto L, Miotti P, Frassetto F, Spezzani C, Grazioli C, Coreno M, Ressel B, Gauthier D, Ivanov R, Ciavardini A, de Simone M, Stagira S, De Ninno G. Double-configuration grating monochromator for extreme-ultraviolet ultrafast pulses. Appl Opt 2014; 53:5879-88. [PMID: 25321666 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.005879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the design and characterization of a double-configuration grating monochromator for the spectral selection of extreme-ultraviolet ultrafast pulses. Two grating geometries are joined in an instrument with two interchangeable diffracting stages, both used at grazing incidence: one with the gratings in the off-plane mount (OPM), the other in the classical diffraction mount (CDM). The use of two stages gives great flexibility: the OPM stage is used for sub-50 fs time response and low spectral resolution, while the CDM stage is for 100-200 fs time response and high spectral resolution. The monochromator spectral and temporal performances have been experimentally demonstrated on a high-order laser-harmonics beam line.
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15
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Mazza T, Ilchen M, Rafipoor AJ, Callegari C, Finetti P, Plekan O, Prince KC, Richter R, Danailov MB, Demidovich A, De Ninno G, Grazioli C, Ivanov R, Mahne N, Raimondi L, Svetina C, Avaldi L, Bolognesi P, Coreno M, O'Keeffe P, Di Fraia M, Devetta M, Ovcharenko Y, Möller T, Lyamayev V, Stienkemeier F, Düsterer S, Ueda K, Costello JT, Kazansky AK, Kabachnik NM, Meyer M. Determining the polarization state of an extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser beam using atomic circular dichroism. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3648. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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16
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Ovcharenko Y, Lyamayev V, Katzy R, Devetta M, LaForge A, O'Keeffe P, Plekan O, Finetti P, Di Fraia M, Mudrich M, Krikunova M, Piseri P, Coreno M, Brauer NB, Mazza T, Stranges S, Grazioli C, Richter R, Prince KC, Drabbels M, Callegari C, Stienkemeier F, Möller T. Novel collective autoionization process observed in electron spectra of He clusters. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:073401. [PMID: 24579595 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.073401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The ionization dynamics of He nanodroplets irradiated with intense femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses of up to 1013 W/cm2 power density have been investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy. Helium droplets were resonantly excited to atomiclike 2p states with a photon energy of 21.4 eV, below the ionization potential (Ip), and directly into the ionization continuum with 42.8 eV photons. While electron emission following direct ionization above Ip is well explained within a model based on a sequence of direct electron emission events, the resonant excitation provides evidence of a new, collective ionization mechanism involving many excited atomiclike 2p states. With increasing power density the direct photoline due to an interatomic Coulombic decay disappears. It indicates that ionization occurs due to energy exchange between at least three excited atoms proceeding on a femtosecond time scale. In agreement with recent theoretical work the novel ionization process is very efficient and it is expected to be important for many other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ovcharenko
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - V Lyamayev
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Katzy
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Devetta
- CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A LaForge
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - P O'Keeffe
- CNR Istituto di Metodologie Inorganiche e dei Plasmi, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - O Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - P Finetti
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Di Fraia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy and Department of Physics, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Mudrich
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Krikunova
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - P Piseri
- CIMAINA and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Coreno
- CNR Istituto di Metodologie Inorganiche e dei Plasmi, 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy and Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - N B Brauer
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - T Mazza
- European XFEL GmbH, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Stranges
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy and IOM-CNR TASC Laboratory, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - C Grazioli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy and IOM-CNR TASC Laboratory, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy and Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34128 Trieste, Italy
| | - R Richter
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - K C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy and IOM-CNR TASC Laboratory, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - M Drabbels
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - T Möller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Grazioli C, Callegari C, Ciavardini A, Coreno M, Frassetto F, Gauthier D, Golob D, Ivanov R, Kivimäki A, Mahieu B, Bučar B, Merhar M, Miotti P, Poletto L, Polo E, Ressel B, Spezzani C, De Ninno G. CITIUS: an infrared-extreme ultraviolet light source for fundamental and applied ultrafast science. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:023104. [PMID: 24593346 DOI: 10.1063/1.4864298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We present the main features of CITIUS, a new light source for ultrafast science, generating tunable, intense, femtosecond pulses in the spectral range from infrared to extreme ultraviolet (XUV). The XUV pulses (about 10(5)-10(8) photons/pulse in the range 14-80 eV) are produced by laser-induced high-order harmonic generation in gas. This radiation is monochromatized by a time-preserving monochromator, also allowing one to work with high-resolution bandwidth selection. The tunable IR-UV pulses (10(12)-10(15) photons/pulse in the range 0.4-5.6 eV) are generated by an optical parametric amplifier, which is driven by a fraction of the same laser pulse that generates high order harmonics. The IR-UV and XUV pulses follow different optical paths and are eventually recombined on the sample for pump-probe experiments. We also present the results of two pump-probe experiments: with the first one, we fully characterized the temporal duration of harmonic pulses in the time-preserving configuration; with the second one, we demonstrated the possibility of using CITIUS for selective investigation of the ultra-fast dynamics of different elements in a magnetic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Grazioli
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | | | | | - M Coreno
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Frassetto
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), Padova, Italy
| | - D Gauthier
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - D Golob
- Kontrolni Sistemi d.o.o., Sežana, Slovenia
| | - R Ivanov
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - A Kivimäki
- Institute of Materials Manufacturing (CNR-IOM), TASC Laboratory, Trieste, Italy
| | - B Mahieu
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - B Bučar
- Laboratory of Mechanical Processing Technologies, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Merhar
- Laboratory of Mechanical Processing Technologies, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P Miotti
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), Padova, Italy
| | - L Poletto
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), Padova, Italy
| | - E Polo
- Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (CNR-ISOF), Ferrara, Italy
| | - B Ressel
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - C Spezzani
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - G De Ninno
- Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
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18
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Bidermane I, Lüder J, Boudet S, Zhang T, Ahmadi S, Grazioli C, Bouvet M, Rusz J, Sanyal B, Eriksson O, Brena B, Puglia C, Witkowski N. Experimental and theoretical study of electronic structure of lutetium bi-phthalocyanine. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:234701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4809725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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19
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Carbone C, Veronese M, Moras P, Gardonio S, Grazioli C, Zhou PH, Rader O, Varykhalov A, Krull C, Balashov T, Mugarza A, Gambardella P, Lebègue S, Eriksson O, Katsnelson MI, Lichtenstein AI. Correlated electrons step by step: itinerant-to-localized transition of fe impurities in free-electron metal hosts. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:117601. [PMID: 20366500 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.117601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution photoemission spectroscopy and ab initio calculations have been employed to analyze the onset and progression of d-sp hybridization in Fe impurities deposited on alkali metal films. The interplay between delocalization, mediated by the free-electron environment, and Coulomb interaction among d electrons gives rise to complex electronic configurations. The multiplet structure of a single Fe atom evolves and gradually dissolves into a quasiparticle peak near the Fermi level with increasing host electron density. The effective multiorbital impurity problem within the exact diagonalization scheme describes the whole range of hybridizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Carbone
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, I-34012 Trieste, Italy
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20
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Varykhalov A, Shikin AM, Gudat W, Moras P, Grazioli C, Carbone C, Rader O. Probing the ground state electronic structure of a correlated electron system by quantum well states: Ag/Ni(111). Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:247601. [PMID: 16384423 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.247601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The ground state electronic properties of the strongly correlated transition metal Ni are usually not accessible from the excitation spectra measured in photoelectron spectroscopy. We show that the bottom of the Ni d band along [111] can be probed through the energy dependence of the phase of quantum-well states in Ag/Ni(111). Our model description of the quantum-well energies measured by angle-resolved photoemission determines the bottom of the empty set 1 d band of Ni as 2.6 eV, in full agreement with standard local density theory and at variance with the values of 1.7-1.8 eV from direct angle-resolved photoemission experiments of Ni.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Varykhalov
- BESSY, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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21
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Grazioli C, Alfè D, Krishnakumar SR, Sen Gupta S, Veronese M, Turchini S, Bonini N, Dal Corso A, Sarma DD, Baroni S, Carbone C. Spin-flop ordering from frustrated ferro- and antiferromagnetic interactions: a combined theoretical and experimental study of a Mn/Fe(100) monolayer. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:117201. [PMID: 16197039 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.117201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of a noncollinear magnetic structure at a Mn monolayer grown epitaxially on Fe(100) is predicted theoretically, using spinor density-functional theory, and observed experimentally, using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and linear dichroism (XMLD) spectroscopies. The combined use of XMCD and XMLD at the Mn-absorption edge allows us to assess the existence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic order at the interface, and also to determine the moment orientations with element specificity. The experimental results thus obtained are in excellent agreement with the magnetic structure determined theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Grazioli
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area Science Park, I-34012 Trieste, Italy
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22
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Borisenko SV, Kordyuk AA, Koitzsch A, Kim TK, Nenkov KA, Knupfer M, Fink J, Grazioli C, Turchini S, Berger H. Circular dichroism in angle-resolved photoemission spectra of under- and overdoped Pb-Bi2212. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:207001. [PMID: 15169374 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.207001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We use angle-resolved photoemission with circularly polarized excitation to demonstrate that in the 5 x 1 superstructure-free (Pb,Bi)(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta) (Pb-Bi2212) material there are no signatures of time-reversal symmetry breaking in the sense of the criteria developed earlier [Nature (London) 416, 610 (2002)]]. The dichroic signal retains reflection antisymmetry as a function of temperature and doping and in all mirror planes, precisely defined by the experimental dispersion at low energies. The obtained results demonstrate that the signatures of time-reversal symmetry violation in pristine Bi2212, as determined by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, are not a universal feature of all cuprate superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Borisenko
- Institute for Solid State Research, IFW-Dresden, PO Box 270116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
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23
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Gambardella P, Rusponi S, Veronese M, Dhesi SS, Grazioli C, Dallmeyer A, Cabria I, Zeller R, Dederichs PH, Kern K, Carbone C, Brune H. Giant magnetic anisotropy of single cobalt atoms and nanoparticles. Science 2003; 300:1130-3. [PMID: 12750516 DOI: 10.1126/science.1082857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The isotropic magnetic moment of a free atom is shown to develop giant magnetic anisotropy energy due to symmetry reduction at an atomically ordered surface. Single cobalt atoms deposited onto platinum (111) are found to have a magnetic anisotropy energy of 9 millielectron volts per atom arising from the combination of unquenched orbital moments (1.1 Bohr magnetons) and strong spin-orbit coupling induced by the platinum substrate. By assembling cobalt nanoparticles containing up to 40 atoms, the magnetic anisotropy energy is further shown to be dependent on single-atom coordination changes. These results confirm theoretical predictions and are of fundamental value to understanding how magnetic anisotropy develops in finite-sized magnetic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gambardella
- Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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24
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Gambardella P, Dhesi SS, Gardonio S, Grazioli C, Ohresser P, Carbone C. Localized magnetic states of Fe, Co, and Ni impurities on alkali metal films. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:047202. [PMID: 11801162 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.047202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) have been used to study transition metal impurities on K and Na films. The multiplet structure of the XAS spectra indicates that Fe, Co, and Ni have localized atomic ground states with predominantly d7, d8, and d9 character, respectively. XMCD shows that the localized impurity states possess large, atomiclike, magnetic orbital moments that are progressively quenched as clusters are formed. Ni impurities on Na films are found to be nonmagnetic, with a strongly increased d10 character of the impurity state. The results show that the high magnetic moments of transition metals in alkali hosts originate from electron localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gambardella
- Institut de Physique des Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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25
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Merlo G, Bianchi S, Grazioli C. [Undetected endobronchial foreign bodies in adults. Clinical and endoscopic considerations]. JFORL J Fr Otorhinolaryngol Audiophonol Chir Maxillofac 1973; 22:519-21. [PMID: 4271895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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26
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Di Lorenzo F, Grazioli C. [Hematologic, hematochemical and gastric findings in workers exposed to breathing the fumes of dimethylformamide (D.M.F.A.)]. Lav Um 1972; 24:97-106. [PMID: 4654921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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