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Abbas F, Bousbih R, Ayub AR, Zahid S, Aljohani M, Amin MA, Waqas M, Soliman MS, Khera RA, Jahan N. A Theoretical Investigation for Exploring the Potential Performance of Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells Through Side-Chain Engineering Having Diphenylamino Groups to Enhance Photovoltaic Properties. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03805-7. [PMID: 38951306 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The development of ecofriendly fabrication phenomenon is essential requirement for commercialization of non-fullerene acceptors. Recently, end-capped modeling is employed for computational design of five non-fullerene acceptors to elevate various photovoltaic properties. All new molecules are formulated by altering the peripheral acceptors of CH3-2F and DFT methodology is employed to explore the opto-electronic, morphological and charge transfer analysis. From the computational investigation, all reported molecules manifested red shifted absorption with remarkable reduced band gap. Among investigated molecules, FA1-FA3 evinced effectively decreased value of band gaps and designed molecules have low excitation energy justifying proficient charge transference. The lower values of binding energy of FA1 and FA2 suggest their facile exciton dissociation leading to improved charge mobility. By blending with J61 donor, FA4 have sufficiently enhanced value of VOC (1.72 eV) and fill factor (0.9228). Energy loss of the model (R) is 0.57 eV and statistical calculation demonstrate that all our modified molecules except FA3 has profoundly reduced energy loss compelling in its pivotal utilization. From accessible supportive outcomes of recent investigation, it is recommended that our modified chromophore exhibit remarkable noteworthy applications in solar cells for forthcoming innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhar Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - R Bousbih
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Raza Ayub
- Key Laboratory of Clusters Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Saba Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Aljohani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed S Soliman
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Nazish Jahan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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Farrokhpour H, Hassanjani K, Najafi Chermahini A, Eskandari K. Theoretical Spectroscopic Study of Normal Raman and Charge Transfer Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Spectra of the Adsorbed l- and d-Cysteine on the Chiral Au 34 and Ag 4@Au 30 Nanoclusters: Chirality Discrimination. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3285-3300. [PMID: 38632874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the discrimination of the enantiomers of cysteine (l- and d-CYS) using the chiral Au34 and Ag4@Au30 clusters was theoretically investigated in the gas phase and water. Two modes were considered for the interaction of each enantiomer with the clusters (via only its S atom or its S atom and NH2 group, simultaneously). The interaction energy (Eint) and adsorption energy (Ead) for the complexation of each enantiomer with the clusters for each interaction mode were calculated. Considering the calculated interaction energies, the interaction of d-CYS with Au34 is stronger than that of l-CYS with the same cluster. Also, it was observed that the substitution of the Au4 core of the Au34 cluster with the Ag4 cluster caused the increase of the interaction energy of l-CYS with the Ag4@Au30 cluster compared to the Au34 cluster, while the reverse trend was observed for d-CYS. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis was employed to calculate the interaction paths and their related bond critical points (BCPs) between the CYS enantiomers and the clusters to explain the difference between the interaction energy of the enantiomers with the clusters. The IR, normal Raman (NR), and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of the enantiomers interacting with the Au34 and Ag4@Au30 clusters were calculated, and the discrimination between l-CYS and d-CYS using the calculated spectra was explained. It was found that the discrimination of the enantiomers based on their interaction with the clusters is controlled by the charge transfer between the enantiomers and the clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Farrokhpour
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Kousar Hassanjani
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | | | - Kiamars Eskandari
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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Ding Z, Zhang J, Fang T, Zhou G, Tang X, Wang Y, Liu X. New insights into the degradation mechanism of ibuprofen in the UV/H 2O 2 process: role of natural dissolved matter in hydrogen transfer reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:30687-30696. [PMID: 37933876 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03305h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Ibuprofen (IBU), a widely used antipyretic and analgesic, has been frequently detected in various natural water systems. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are effective ways to remove pollutants from water. The degradation of IBU under UV/H2O2 conditions in the presence of various kinds of natural dissolved matter was investigated using density functional theory (DFT). The eco-toxicological properties were predicted based on a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model. The calculated results showed that two H-abstraction reactions occurring at the side chain are predominant pathways in the initial reaction. H2O, NH3, CH3OH, C2H5OH, HCOOH and CH3COOH can catalyze the H transfer in the degradation process through decreasing the energy barriers and the catalysis effects follow the order of NH3 > alcohols > acids > H2O. The catalysis effects differ under acid or alkaline conditions. The overall rate coefficient of the reaction of IBU with ˙OH is calculated to be 5.04 × 109 M-1 s-1 at 298 K. IBU has harmful effects on aquatic organisms and human beings and the degradation process cannot significantly reduce its toxicity. Among all products, 2-(4-formylphenyl)propanoic acid, which is more toxic than IBU, is the most toxic with acute and chronic toxicity, developmental toxicity, mutagenicity, genotoxic carcinogenicity and irritation/corrosivity to skin. The findings in this work provide new insights into the degradation of IBU and can help to assess its environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhezheng Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Timing Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Guohui Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiao Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China.
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Shafiq I, Khalid M, Asghar MA, Baby R, Braga AAC, Alshehri SM, Ahmed S. Influence of azacycle donor moieties on the photovoltaic properties of benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole based organic systems: a DFT study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14630. [PMID: 37670033 PMCID: PMC10480204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fullerene free organic chromophores are widely utilized to improve the efficacy of photovoltaic materials. Herein, we designed D-π-A-π-D form chromophores (TAZD1-TAZD5) via end-capped redistribution of donor moieties by keeping the same π-bridge and central acceptor unit for organic solar cells (OSCs). To analyze the photovoltaic characteristics of these derivatives, DFT estimations were accomplished at B3LYP/6-311 G (d,p) functional. Different investigations like frontier molecular orbital (FMO), absorption spectra (UV-Vis), density of states (DOS), binding energy (Eb), open circuit voltage (Voc), and transition density matrix (TDMs) were performed to examine the optical, photophysical and electronic characteristics of afore-mentioned chromophores. A suitable band gap (∆E = 2.723-2.659 eV) with larger bathochromic shift (λmax = 554.218-543.261 nm in acetonitrile) was seen in TAZD1-TAZD5. An effective charge transference from donor to acceptor via spacer was observed by FMO analysis which further supported by DOS and TDM. Further, lower binding energy values also supported the higher exciton dissociation and greater CT in TAZD1-TAZD5. Among all the designed chromophores, TAZD5 exhibited the narrowest Egap (2.659 eV) and maximum red-shifted absorption in solvent as well as gas phase i.e. 554.218 nm and 533.219 nm, respectively which perhaps as a result of the phenothiazine-based donor group (MPT). In a nutshell, all the tailored chromophores can be considered as efficient compounds for promising OSCs with a good Voc response, interestingly, TAZD5 is found to be excellent chromophores as compared to all these designed compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Shafiq
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan.
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Adnan Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Baby
- Department of Education, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur, 65200, Pakistan
| | - Ataualpa A C Braga
- Departamento de Qu´ımica Fundamental, Instituto de Qu´ımica, Universidade de Sao˜ Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Saad M Alshehri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfraz Ahmed
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Yue S, Wu C, Li K. A new insight on the NO-CO reaction at the electronic level: homogeneous, E-R, and L-H mechanisms. J Mol Model 2022; 29:26. [PMID: 36580142 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbonaceous surface, as one of the major carriers in coal combustion, was found to exert great influence on the nitric oxide with carbon monoxide (NO-CO) reaction. Although there have been some studies addressing the NO-CO reaction, the inherent mechanism remains obscure. In this work, some updated mechanisms with details were proposed at the electronic level. Using density functional theory calculations, the preferred pathways were identified with three channels consisting of homogeneous, Eley-Rideal (E-R), and Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) heterogeneous reactions. The reasons for the difference in energy barrier among the three mechanisms were revealed by analyzing the chemical bond and electronic transfer. Results show that among these channels, the NO-CO reaction is more likely to occur along the E-R mechanism, due to its lower energy barrier of the rate-determining step. Compared to the L-H mechanism, there is a higher degree of electronic localization between NO molecules at the initial stage of the E-R mechanism. As a result, the NO dimer formation of the E-R mechanism has a lower energy barrier than that of the L-H mechanism. Meanwhile, a large number of electrons floods into the N-N, N-O, and O-O bonds of NO dimer in the homogeneous reaction, which certainly gets more difficult for the dissociation of O atoms in the gas phase. Accordingly, the following stage of N2 formation in the homogeneous reaction has a higher energy barrier than that in both the E-R and L-H reactions. Compared to the L-H mechanism, the E-R mechanism exhibits a lower degree of electronic localization between N2O and carbonaceous surface, suggesting that the interfacial interaction in the E-R mechanism is weaker. As a result, N2 is easier to remove from the carbonaceous surface in the E-R mechanism than in the L-H mechanism. To sum up, the results deepen the knowledge about the NO-CO reaction, which will help to further develop the oxy-fuel combustion technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yue
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, 232000, Anhui, China
| | - Chengli Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, 232000, Anhui, China
| | - Kun Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, 232000, Anhui, China.
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Hassan AU, Sumrra SH, Nkungli NK, Güleryüz C. Theoretical probing of 3d nano metallic clusters as next generation non-linear optical materials. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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7
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Cheng X, Li F, Jiao G, Han Y, Tan Q, Nie K. Interactions and spectroscopic characteristics of propidium dication on soluble graphene oxides. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Yoshimoto T, Seki M, Okabe H, Matsuda N, Wu DY, Futamata M. Three distinct adsorbed states of adenine on gold nanoparticles depending on pH in aqueous solutions. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Chaabene M, Gassoumi B, Soury R, Ghalla H, Jabli M, Ben Chaâbane R, Allouche AR. Insights into theoretical detection of CO2, NO, CO, O2, and O3 gases molecules using Zinc phthalocyanine with peripheral mono and tetra quinoleinoxy substituents: Molecular geometries, Electronic properties, and Vibrational analysis. Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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10
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Mitra S, Werling K, Berquist EJ, Lambrecht DS, Garrett-Roe S. CH Mode Mixing Determines the Band Shape of the Carboxylate Symmetric Stretch in Apo-EDTA, Ca 2+-EDTA, and Mg 2+-EDTA. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4867-4881. [PMID: 34042451 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The infrared spectra of EDTA complexed with Ca2+ and Mg2+ contain, to date, unidentified vibrational bands. This study assigns the peaks in the linear and two-dimensional infrared spectra of EDTA, with and without either Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions. Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy and DFT calculations reveal that, in both the presence and absence of ions, the carboxylate symmetric stretch and the terminal CH bending vibrations mix. We introduce a method to calculate participation coefficients that quantify the contribution of the carboxylate symmetric stretch, CH wag, CH twist, and CH scissor in the 1400-1550 cm-1 region. With the help of participation coefficients, we assign the 1400-1430 cm-1 region to the carboxylate symmetric stretch, which can mix with CH modes. We assign the 1000-1380 cm-1 region to CH twist modes, the 1380-1430 cm-1 region to wag modes, and the 1420-1650 cm-1 region to scissor modes. The difference in binding geometry between the carboxylate-Ca2+ and carboxylate-Mg2+ complex manifests as new diagonal and cross-peaks between the mixed modes in the two complexes. The small Mg2+ ion binds EDTA tighter than the Ca2+ ion, which causes a redshift of the COO symmetric stretches of the sagittal carboxylates. Energy decomposition analysis further characterizes the importance of electrostatics and deformation energy in the bound complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunayana Mitra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Keith Werling
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Eric J Berquist
- Q-Chem Incorporated, 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, United States
| | - Daniel S Lambrecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida 33965, United States
| | - Sean Garrett-Roe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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Yuksel N, Fellah MF. Host–guest complex properties of calix[4]arene derivatives: a DFT study of adsorption and sensing of an anticancer drug, 5-fluorouracil. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Almatarneh MH, Omeir RA, AL Demour S, Elayan IA, Islam S, Poirier RA. Hydrolytic deamination mechanisms of guanosine monophosphate: A computational study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.112732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Alvarez-Malmagro J, Prieto F, Rueda M. In situ surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy study of the adsorption of cytosine on gold electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Zhao-Qi W, Hai-Yan W, Zeng ZY, Yan C. Ab initio investigation of possible lower-energy candidate structure for cationic water cluster (H2O) 12+ via particle swarm optimization method. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-018-1182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Farrokhpour H, Abedi S, Jouypazadeh H. Directional affinity of a spherical Gold nanoparticle for the adsorption of DNA bases. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 173:493-503. [PMID: 30336411 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the adsorption activities of different facets of a spherical gold nanoparticle (Au(111), Au(100) and Au(110)) for adenine (ADE) and cytosine (CYT) in two different environments including gas phase and in the presence of solvent (water) have been investigated, separately. It has been found that the adsorption energy (Ead) and geometry of the DNA bases depend strongly on the kind of nanoparticle facet. The Au (110) facet showed the highest adsorption affinity for the ADE and CYT in both gas phase and water compared to Au(111) and Au(100) facets. Comparison of the Eads of bases calculated in the gas phase with those obtained in the presence of water showed that the electrostatic field of solvent decreases the Eads of bases, especially, for the Au (110) facet. The adsorption geometry of the CYT showed strong dependency on the kind of nanoparticle facet compared to ADE. Also, it has been shown that the direction and amount of charge transfer (CT) between the molecule and nanoparticle strongly depends on the kind of nanoparticle facet and environment. The CT is from the Au (111) facet to the ADE while the CT direction is reversed when the ADE is adsorbed on the Au (110) and Au (100) facets in the gas phase. The CT is from the CYT to three facets in the gas phase while its direction for the ADE and CYT adsorbed on Au (100) facet is reversed. The atoms in molecules (AIM) analysis has been employed to determine the bond paths (BPs) and bond critical points (BCPs) between the bases and facets. The infrared (IR) spectra of the bases adsorbed on the selected facets were calculated and compared with each other and with the spectra of the isolated bases. It was found that the symmetric and unsymmetric stretching of the NH of NH2 group, C-H stretching of the rings and CO stretching of bases can be used for the discrimination of the selected facets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Farrokhpour
- Department of chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Soraya Abedi
- Department of chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jouypazadeh
- Department of chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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Matrane I, Mazroui M, Sbiaai K. Diffusion and adsorption of dimers on reconstructed Pt(1 1 0) surfaces: First principle and EAM studies. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Harroun SG. The Controversial Orientation of Adenine on Gold and Silver. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1003-1015. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott G. Harroun
- Department of Chemistry; Université de Montréal; Montréal Québec H3C 3J7 Canada
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