1
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Choe JH, Kim H, Yun H, Kurisingal JF, Kim N, Lee D, Lee YH, Hong CS. Extended MOF-74-Type Variant with an Azine Linkage: Efficient Direct Air Capture and One-Pot Synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38953459 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Direct air capture (DAC) shows considerable promise for the effective removal of CO2; however, materials applicable to DAC are lacking. Among metal-organic framework (MOF) adsorbents, diamine-Mg2(dobpdc) (dobpdc4- = 4,4-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate) effectively removes low-pressure CO2, but the synthesis of the organic ligand requires high temperature, high pressure, and a toxic solvent. Besides, it is necessary to isolate the ligand for utilization in the synthesis of the framework. In this study, we synthesized a new variant of extended MOF-74-type frameworks, M2(hob) (M = Mg2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+; hob4- = 5,5'-(hydrazine-1,2-diylidenebis(methanylylidene))bis(2-oxidobenzoate)), constructed from an azine-bonded organic ligand obtained through a facile condensation reaction at room temperature. Functionalization of Mg2(hob) with N-methylethylenediamine, N-ethylethylenediamine, and N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine (mmen) enables strong interactions with low-pressure CO2, resulting in top-tier adsorption capacities of 2.60, 2.49, and 2.91 mmol g-1 at 400 ppm of CO2, respectively. Under humid conditions, the CO2 capacity was higher than under dry conditions due to the presence of water molecules that aid in the formation of bicarbonate species. A composite material combining mmen-Mg2(hob) and polyvinylidene fluoride, a hydrophobic polymer, retained its excellent adsorption performance even after 7 days of exposure to 40% relative humidity. In addition, the one-pot synthesis of Mg2(hob) from a mixture of the corresponding monomers is achieved without separate ligand synthesis steps; thus, this framework is suitable for facile large-scale production. This work underscores that the newly synthesized Mg2(hob) and its composites demonstrate significant potential for DAC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyeak Choe
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongryeol Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Namju Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggyu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seop Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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2
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Chen T, Xu H, Li S, Zhang J, Tan Z, Chen L, Chen Y, Huang Z, Pang H. Tailoring the Electrochemical Responses of MOF-74 Via Dual-Defect Engineering for Superior Energy Storage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402234. [PMID: 38781597 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Rationally designed defects in a crystal can confer unique properties. This study showcases a novel dual-defects engineering strategy to tailor the electrochemical response of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials used for electrochemical energy storage. Salicylic acid (SA) is identified as an effective modulator to control MOF-74 growth and induce structural defects, and cobalt cation doping is adopted for introducing a second type of defect. The resulting dual-defects engineered bimetallic MOF exhibits a discharging capacity of 218.6 mAh g-1, 4.4 times that of the pristine MOF-74, and significantly improved cycling stability. Moreover, the engineered MOF-74(Ni0.675Co0.325)-8//Zn aqueous battery shows top energy/power density performances for Ni-Zn batteries (266.5 Wh kg-1, 17.22 kW kg-1). Comprehensive investigations reveal that engineered defects modify the local coordination environment and promote the in situ electrochemical reconfiguration during operation to significantly boost the electrochemical activity. This work suggests that rational tailoring of the defects within the MOF crystal is an effective strategy to manipulate the coordination environment of the metal centers and the corresponding electrochemical reconfiguration for electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hengyue Xu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shaopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhicheng Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Zhongjie Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Huan Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China
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3
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Miao H, Chen L, Xing F, Li H, Baumgartner T, He X. Viologen-based solution-processable ionic porous polymers for electrochromic applications. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7576-7585. [PMID: 38784736 PMCID: PMC11110146 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01408a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrochromic porous thin films are promising for applications in smart windows and energy-efficient optical displays. However, their generally poor processing ability and excessive processing times remain grand challenges. Herein, we report the design and convenient synthesis of core-altered N-arylated viologens with aldehyde groups (πV-CHO) as new building blocks to prepare soluble, viologen-embedded ionic porous polymers. We also demonstrate that these polymers can be easily solution-processed by drop-coating to fabricate high-quality electrochromic films with tunable optoelectronic properties in a cost-effective fashion. The prepared films exhibit excellent electrochromic performance, including a low driving voltage (1.2-1.4 V), fast switching times (0.8-1.7 s), great coloration efficiency (73-268 cm2 C-1), remarkably high optical contrast up to 95.6%, long cycling stability, and tunable oxidation and reduction colors. This work sheds important light on a new molecular engineering approach to produce redox-active polymers with combined properties of intrinsic porosity, reversible and tunable redox activity, and solution processability. This provides the materials with an inherently broad utility in a variety of electrochemical devices for energy storage, sensors, and electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongya Miao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Huijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
| | - Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry, York University 4700 Keele Street Toronto Ontario M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Xiaoming He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 P. R. China
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4
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Tian X, Li F, Tang Z, Wang S, Weng K, Liu D, Lu S, Liu W, Fu Z, Li W, Qiu H, Tu M, Zhang H, Li J. Crosslinking-induced patterning of MOFs by direct photo- and electron-beam lithography. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2920. [PMID: 38575569 PMCID: PMC10995132 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with diverse chemistry, structures, and properties have emerged as appealing materials for miniaturized solid-state devices. The incorporation of MOF films in these devices, such as the integrated microelectronics and nanophotonics, requires robust patterning methods. However, existing MOF patterning methods suffer from some combinations of limited material adaptability, compromised patterning resolution and scalability, and degraded properties. Here we report a universal, crosslinking-induced patterning approach for various MOFs, termed as CLIP-MOF. Via resist-free, direct photo- and electron-beam (e-beam) lithography, the ligand crosslinking chemistry leads to drastically reduced solubility of colloidal MOFs, permitting selective removal of unexposed MOF films with developer solvents. This enables scalable, micro-/nanoscale (≈70 nm resolution), and multimaterial patterning of MOFs on large-area, rigid or flexible substrates. Patterned MOF films preserve their crystallinity, porosity, and other properties tailored for targeted applications, such as diffractive gas sensors and electrochromic pixels. The combined features of CLIP-MOF create more possibilities in the system-level integration of MOFs in various electronic, photonic, and biomedical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Fu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Zhenyuan Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kangkang Weng
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wangyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhong Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hengwei Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Min Tu
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Beijing Institute of Life Science and Technology, Beijing, 102206, China
- Center for Bioanalytical Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory of Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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5
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Panda S, Kundu S, Malik P, Haldar R. Leveraging metal node-linker self-assembly to access functional anisotropy of zirconium-based MOF-on-MOF epitaxial heterostructure thin films. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2586-2592. [PMID: 38362432 PMCID: PMC10866365 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06719j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemically robust, functional porous materials are imperative for designing novel membranes for chemical separation and heterogeneous catalysts. Among the array of potential materials, zirconium (Zr)-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered considerable attention, and have been investigated for applications related to gas separation and storage, and catalysis. However, a significant challenge with Zr-MOFs lies in their processibility, particularly in achieving homogenous thin films and controlling functional anisotropy. The recent developments in MOF thin film fabrication methodologies do not yield a solution to achieve mild reaction condition growth of Zr-MOF thin films with epitaxial MOF-on-MOF geometry (i.e. functional anisotropy). In the current work, we have devised a straightforward methodology under room temperature conditions, which enables epitaxial, oriented MOF-on-MOF thin film growth. This achievement is accomplished through a stepwise self-assembly approach involving Zr nodes and linkers on a functionalized substrate. This de novo developed strategy of functionality design is demonstrated for UiO-66 (University of Oslo) type Zr-MOFs. We have demonstrated the precise placement of chemical functionalities within the thin film structure, allowing for controlled chemical diffusion and regulation of diffusion selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvendu Panda
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally 500046 Hyderabad India
| | - Susmita Kundu
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally 500046 Hyderabad India
| | - Pratibha Malik
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally 500046 Hyderabad India
| | - Ritesh Haldar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Gopanpally 500046 Hyderabad India
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6
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Feng J, Wang X, Luo Y, Wang J, Wang Z, Wei C, Cai G. Transparent-to-Brown-Black Patterned Electrochromic Metal-Organic Frameworks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1170-1178. [PMID: 38149966 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit promising electrochromic (EC) performance owing to their porous structure, regular channel, and tunable component characteristics. However, few reports focus on MOF materials with the EC performance of a transparent to brown-black (neutral colored state) change that is more suitable for smart windows. In this work, we proposed a strategy for synthesizing MOF (named Ni-BPY) EC materials and corresponding films fabricated via a low-cost electrostatic spray deposition technique. The obtained film exhibits excellent EC performance with a neutral color change from transparent to brown-black, a large optical modulation of 70% at 430 nm, and a fast response within 10 s. Benefiting from good electrical and chemical stability, the Ni-BPY film can be cycled over 500 times. Notably, the Ni-BPY MOF film also delivers a stepwise-controlled process during the bleached state due to its porous characteristics. In addition, the unique color variation of the Ni-BPY film derives from the redox reaction of the Ni metal node between Ni2+ and Ni3+, which is verified by the in situ potential-dependent Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement. As a proof of application, the patterned Ni-BPY EC films and devices are additionally constructed to demonstrate their potential application in electronic tags and logo displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifei Feng
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Zhuanpei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Congyuan Wei
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Guofa Cai
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
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7
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Almuhana ARY, Orton GRF, Rosenberg C, Champness NR. Photoinduced radical formation in hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:452-455. [PMID: 38088086 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05236b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) constructed from naphthalene-diimide bearing tectons undergo photochromic changes whilst forming radical bearing species within the framework structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asia R Y Almuhana
- School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- King Faisal University, P.O. 380, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Callum Rosenberg
- School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Neil R Champness
- School of Chemistry, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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8
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Ngue CM, Zhang YY, Leung MK. Exploring redox properties of a 3D Co-based framework with bis(triarylamine) terphenyl as a redox-active linker. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14157-14160. [PMID: 37955305 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00067b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
A 3D Co-based metal-organic framework has been prepared, which contains a bis(triarylamine) with terphenyl units as a redox-active linker. Manipulation of the redox events via the electrochemical method confirmed that charge hopping is dominant within the 3D framework. Investigation of the in situ spectroelectrochemical properties within the structure leads to the formation of mono and dual radical cations obtained reversibly in two-steps due to the presence of two redox-active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-May Ngue
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Yong-Yun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Man-Kit Leung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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9
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Zhang S, Zhang W, Yadav A, Baker J, Saha S. From a Collapse-Prone, Insulating Ni-MOF-74 Analogue to Crystalline, Porous, and Electrically Conducting PEDOT@MOF Composites. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18999-19005. [PMID: 37934947 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Electrically conductive porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show great promise in helping advance electronics and clean energy technologies. However, large porosity usually hinders long-range charge transport, an essential criterion of electrical conductivity, underscoring the need for new strategies to combine these two opposing features and realize their diverse potentials. All previous strategies to boost the conductivity of porous MOFs by introducing redox-complementary guest molecules, conducting polymers, and metal nanoparticles have led to a significant loss of frameworks' porosity and surface areas, which could be otherwise exploited to capture additional guests in electrocatalysis and chemiresistive sensing applications. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that the in situ oxidative polymerization of preloaded 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomers into the polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) polymer inside the hexagonal cavities of an intrinsically insulating Ni2(NDISA) MOF-74 analogue (NDISA = naphthalenediimide N,N-disalicylate), which easily collapses and becomes amorphous upon drying, simultaneously enhanced the crystallinity, porosity, and electrical conductivity of the resulting PEDOT@Ni2(NDISA) composites. At lower PEDOT loading (∼22 wt %), not only did the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of the PEDOT@Ni2(NDISA) composite (926 m2/g) more than double from that of evacuated pristine Ni2(NDISA) (387 m2/g), but also its electrical conductivity (1.1 × 10-5 S/cm) soared 105 times from that of the pristine MOF, demonstrating unprecedented dual benefits of our strategy. At higher PEDOT loading (≥33 wt %), the electrical conductivity of Ni2(NDISA)⊃PEDOT composites further increased modestly (10-4 S/cm), but their porosity dropped precipitously as large amounts of PEDOT filled up the hexagonal MOF channels. Thus, our work presents a simple new strategy to simultaneously boost the structural stability, porosity, and electrical conductivity of intrinsically insulating and collapse-prone MOFs by introducing small amounts of conducting polymers that can not only reinforce the MOF scaffolds and prevent them from collapsing but also help create a much coveted non-native property by providing charge carriers and charge transport pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Weikang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Ashok Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Jacob Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Sourav Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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10
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Kumar A, Li J, Inge AK, Ott S. Electrochromism in Isoreticular Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films with Record High Coloration Efficiency. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21595-21603. [PMID: 37851935 PMCID: PMC10655172 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The power of isoreticular chemistry has been widely exploited to engineer metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with fascinating molecular sieving and storage properties but is underexplored for designing MOFs with tunable optoelectronic properties. Herein, three dipyrazole-terminated XDIs (X = PM (pyromellitic), N (naphthalene), or P (perylene); DI = diimide) with different lengths and electronic properties are prepared and employed as linkers for the construction of an isoreticular series of Zn-XDI MOFs with distinct electrochromism. The MOFs are grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) as high-quality crystalline thin films and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Due to the constituting electronically isolated XDI linkers, each member of the isoreticular thin film series exhibits two reversible one-electron redox events, each at a distinct electrochemical potential. The orientation of the MOFs as thin films as well as their isoreticular nature results in identical cation-coupled electron hopping transport rates in all three materials, as demonstrated by comparable apparent electron diffusion coefficients, Deapp. Upon electrochemical reduction to either the [XDI]•- or [XDI]2- state, each MOF undergoes characteristic changes in its optical properties as a function of linker length and redox state of the linker. Operando spectroelectrochemistry measurements reveal that Zn-PDI@FTO (PDI = perylene diimide) thin films exhibit a record high coloration efficiency of 941 cm2 C-1 at 746 nm, which is attributed to the maximized Faradaic transformations at each electronically isolated PDI unit. The electrochromic response of the thin film is retained to more than 99% over 100 reduction-oxidation cycles, demonstrating the applicability of the presented materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jingguo Li
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A. Ken Inge
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department
of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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Feng J, Luo Y, Wang X, Cai G, Cao R. A Large-Area Patterned Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework Electrochromic Film and Device. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2304691. [PMID: 37403296 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of a patterned hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) films on a large scale is an extreme challenge. In this work, a large area HOF film (30 × 30 cm2 ) is prepared via an efficient and low-cost electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) approach on the un-modified conductive substrates directly. Combining the ESD with a template method, variously patterned HOF films can be easily produced, including deer- and horse-shaped films. The obtained films exhibit excellent electrochromic performance with multicolor change from yellow to green and violet, and two-band regulation at 550 and 830 nm. Benefiting from the inherently present channels of HOF materials and the additional film porosity created by ESD, the PFC-1 film could quickly change color (within 10 s). Furthermore, the large-area patterned EC device is constructed based on the above film to prove practical potential application. The presented ESD method can be extended to other HOF materials; thus, this work paves a feasible path for constructing large-area patterned HOF films for practical optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifei Feng
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Guofa Cai
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Rong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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12
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Zhang S, Liu X, Hao P, Li G, Shen J, Fu Y. Dual Photo-/Electrochromic Pyromellitic Diimide-Based Coordination Polymer. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14912-14921. [PMID: 37667503 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
By the combination of N,N'-bis(carboxymethyl)-pyromellitic diimide (H2CMPMD, 1) and zinc ions, a novel PMD-based coordination polymer (CP), [Zn(CMPMD)(DMF)1.5]·0.5DMF (2) (DMF = N,N'-dimethylformamide), has been prepared and characterized. 1 and 2 exhibit completely different photochromic properties, which are mainly reflected in the photoresponsive rate (5 s for 1 vs 1 s for 2) and coloration contrast (from colorless to light green for 1 vs green for 2). This phenomenon should be attributed to the introduction of zinc ions and the consequent formation of the distinct interfacial contacts of electron donors (EDs) and electron acceptors (EAs) (dn-π = 3.404 and 3.448 Å for 1 vs dn-π = 3.343, 3.359, 3.398, and 3.495 Å for 2), suggesting a subtle modulating effect of metal ions on interfacial contacts, photoinduced intermolecular electron transfer (PIET) and photochromic behaviors. Interestingly, the photochromic performance of 2 can be enhanced after the removal of coordinated DMF, which might be ascribed to the decrease of the distance of EDs/EAs caused by lattice shrinkage, which further improves the efficiency of PIET. Meanwhile, 2 displays rapid electrochromic behavior with an obvious reversible color change from colorless to green, which can be used in an electrochromic device. This work develops a new type of EA for the construction of stimuli-responsive functional materials with excellent dual photo-/electrochromic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Gaopeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Junju Shen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Yunlong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China
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13
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Monnier V, Odobel F, Diring S. Exploring the Impact of Successive Redox Events in Thin Films of Metal-Organic Frameworks: An Absorptiometric Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19232-19242. [PMID: 37615947 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) featuring redox activity are highly appealing for electrocatalytic or charge accumulation applications. An important aspect in this field is the ability to address as many redox centers as possible in the material by an efficient diffusion of charges. Herein, we investigate for the first time the charge diffusion processes occurring upon two sequential one-electron reductions in an MOF thin film. Two pyrazolate-zinc(II)-based MOFs including highly electro-deficient perylene diimide (PDI) ligands were grown on conducting substrates, affording thin films with double n-type electrochromic properties as characterized by spectroelectrochemical analysis. In depth electrochemical and chronoabsorptiometric investigations were carried out to probe the charge diffusion in the MOF layers and highlighted significant differences in terms of diffusion kinetics and material stability between the first and second successive reduction of the redox-active PDI linkers. Our results show that MOFs based on multiredox centers are more sensitive to encumbrance-related issues than their monoredox analogues in the context of electrochemical applications, an observation that further underlines the fundamental aspect of careful pore dimensions toward efficient and fast ion diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Monnier
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Fabrice Odobel
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Diring
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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14
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Muggli K, Spies L, Bessinger D, Auras F, Bein T. Electrically Conductive Carbazole and Thienoisoindigo-Based COFs Showing Fast and Stable Electrochromism. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2023; 3:153-160. [PMID: 37096229 PMCID: PMC10119976 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.2c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Thienothiophene thienoisoindigo (ttTII)-based covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been shown to offer low band gaps and intriguing optical and electrochromic properties. So far, only one tetragonal thienothiophene thienoisoindigo-based COF has been reported showing stable and fast electrochromism and good coloration efficiencies. We have developed two novel COFs using this versatile and nearly linear ttTII building block in a tetragonal and a hexagonal framework geometry to demonstrate their attractive features for optoelectronic applications of thienoisoindigo-based COFs. Both COFs exhibit good electrical conductivities, show promising optical absorption features, are redox-active, and exhibit a strong electrochromic behavior when applying an external electrical stimulus, shifting the optical absorption even farther into the NIR region of the electromagnetic spectrum and achieving absorbance changes of up to 2.5 OD. Cycle-stable cyclic voltammograms with distinct oxidation and reduction waves reveal excellent reversibility and electrochromic switching over 200 cycles and confirm the high stability of the frameworks. Furthermore, high coloration efficiencies in the NIR region and fast switching speeds for coloration/decoloration as fast as 0.75 s/0.37 s for the Cz-ttTII COF and 0.61 s/0.29 s for the TAPB-ttTII COF at 550 nm excitation were observed, outperforming many known electrochromic materials, and offering options for a great variety of applications, such as stimuli-responsive coatings, optical information processing, or thermal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Muggli
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Spies
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Derya Bessinger
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Auras
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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15
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Zawadzka M, Nitschke P, Musioł M, Siwy M, Pluczyk-Małek S, Honisz D, Łapkowski M. Naphthalene Phthalimide Derivatives as Model Compounds for Electrochromic Materials. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041740. [PMID: 36838729 PMCID: PMC9968047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochromism of organic compounds is a well-known phenomenon; however, nowadays, most research is focused on anodic coloring materials. Development of efficient, cathodic electrochromic materials is challenging due to the worse stability of electron accepting materials compared with electron donating ones. Nevertheless, designing stable cathodic coloring organic materials is highly desired-among other reasons-to increase the coloration performance. Hence, four phthalimide derivatives named 1,5-PhDI, 1,4-PhDI, 2,6-PhDI and 3,3'-PhDI were synthesized and analyzed in depth. In all cases, two imide groups were connected via naphthalene (1,5-PhDI, 1,4-PhDI, 2,6-PhDI) or 3,3'-dimethylnaphtidin (3,3'-PhDI) bridge. To observe the effect of chemical structure on physicochemical properties, various positions of imide bond were considered, namely, 1,5- 1,4- and 2,6-. Additionally, a compound with the pyromellitic diimide unit capped with two 1-naphtalene substituents was obtained. All compounds were studied in terms of their thermal behavior, using differential calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Moreover, electrochemical (CV, DPV) and spectroelectrochemical (UV-Vis and EPR) analyses were performed to evaluate the obtained materials in terms of their application as cathodic electrochromic materials. All obtained materials undergo reversible electrochemical reduction which leads to changes in their optical properties. In the case of imide derivatives, absorption bands related to both reduced and neutral forms are located in the UV region. However, importantly, the introduction of the 3,3'-dimethylnaphtidine bridge leads to a noticeable bathochromic shift of the reduced form absorption band of 3,3'-PhDI. This indicates that optimization of the phthalimide structure allows us to obtain stable, cathodic electrochromic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zawadzka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Paweł Nitschke
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowska 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marta Musioł
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowska 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mariola Siwy
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowska 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Sandra Pluczyk-Małek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.P.-M.); (M.Ł.)
| | - Damian Honisz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mieczysław Łapkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowska 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.P.-M.); (M.Ł.)
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16
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Randle RI, Ginesi RE, Matsarskaia O, Schweins R, Draper ER. Process Dependent Complexity in Multicomponent Gels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200709. [PMID: 36177680 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mixing low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) can be used to combine favorable properties of the individual components within a multifunctional gel. Such multicomponent systems are complex enough in themselves but the method of combining components is not commonly considered something to influence self-assembly. Herein, two multicomponent systems comprising of a naphthalene-based dipeptide hydrogelator and one of two modified naphthalene diimides (NDIs), one of which forms gels, and the other does not, are investigated. These systems are probed, examining the structures formed and their gel properties (when preparing a solution from either a mixed powder of both components or by mixing pre-formed solutions of each component) using rheology, small angle neutron scattering (SANS), and absorbance spectroscopy. It is found that by altering the method of preparation, it is can either induce self-sorting or co-assembly within the fibers formed that underpin the gel network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca I Randle
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Rebecca E Ginesi
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Olga Matsarskaia
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Large Scale Structures Group, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, Grenoble CEDEX 9, F-38042, France
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Large Scale Structures Group, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, Grenoble CEDEX 9, F-38042, France
| | - Emily R Draper
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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17
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Tao CA, Li Y, Wang J. The progress of electrochromic materials based on metal–organic frameworks. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Li Q, Sun Y, Li G, Yang X, Zuo X. Enhancing Interfacial and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Properties of Carbon Fiber Composites via the Hierarchical Assembly of the MWNT/MOF Interphase. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14277-14289. [PMID: 36351284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A metal-organic framework (MOF) based on a conjugated organic ligand and a transition-metal ion was designed and used to construct a novel multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT)/MOF interphase via hierarchical assembly on the carbon fiber (CF) surface and was compared to various interphases established by MWNT and MOF. An intertwined MWNT and MOF "jujube core" was randomly dispersed on MWNT@CF and MOF@CF surfaces, while interpenetrating structures with the MWNT network and MOF jujube core were simultaneously observed on MWNT/MOF@CF due to coordination bonds and π-π conjugation effects, which were derived from the MWNT template with carboxyl groups and sp2-hybridized domains as well as the secondary growth of MOF to promote self-assembly and the connection of MOF. The transverse fiber bundle test (TFBT) strength and interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the MWNT/MOF@CF composite were 36.9, 6.1, and 20.8%, 16.3% higher than those of MWNT@CF and MOF@CF composites, which were attributed to the smoothed modulus transition of the stiffening interphase formed by the MWNT/MOF hybrid structure as "armor" to effectively buffer the stress transfer between a carbon fiber and the resin matrix. Compared to MWNT@CF and MOF@CF composites, MWNT/MOF@CF composites had the highest EMI shielding effectiveness, which was attributed to the combined effects of multiple reflections, conductive loss, and interface polarization from the interpenetrating MWNT/MOF hybrid structures, which realized the integration of the structure and function of the carbon fiber composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobiao Zuo
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology, Beijing100076, P. R. China
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19
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Abstract
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With the rapid development of optoelectronic fields,
electrochromic
(EC) materials and devices have received remarkable attention and
have shown attractive potential for use in emerging wearable and portable
electronics, electronic papers/billboards, see-through displays, and
other new-generation displays, due to the advantages of low power
consumption, easy viewing, flexibility, stretchability, etc. Despite
continuous progress in related fields, determining how to make electrochromics
truly meet the requirements of mature displays (e.g., ideal overall
performance) has been a long-term problem. Therefore, the commercialization
of relevant high-quality products is still in its infancy. In this
review, we will focus on the progress in emerging EC materials and
devices for potential displays, including two mainstream EC display
prototypes (segmented displays and pixel displays) and their commercial
applications. Among these topics, the related materials/devices, EC
performance, construction approaches, and processing techniques are
comprehensively disscussed and reviewed. We also outline the current
barriers with possible solutions and discuss the future of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Gu
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Bo Jia
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Mo Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
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20
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Halder S, Roy S, Dixit M, Chakraborty C. A terpyridine based hydrogel system for reversible transmissive-to-dark electrochromism and bright-to-quenched electrofluorochromism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8368-8371. [PMID: 35792067 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02384a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A carboxylic acid-containing terpyridine-based hydrogelator (TPPCA) is synthesized to afford a self-assembly induced TPPCA hydrogel, which was used as an all-in-one electrochrome in electrochromic devices (ECDs) to demonstrate reversible transparent-to-black electrochromism with fast darkening and bleaching time of 8.3 s and 9.5 s, respectively, high photopic coloration efficiency of 65.8 cm2 C-1 and high optical memory. The ECD also revealed bluish-white to quenched emission simultaneously under the -3.5 V to 0 V voltage range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Halder
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Samirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India.
| | - Susmita Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Samirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India.
| | - Mudit Dixit
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Samirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India. .,Materials Center for Sustainable Energy & Environment (McSEE), Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Chanchal Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Samirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India. .,Materials Center for Sustainable Energy & Environment (McSEE), Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
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21
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Murase R, Hudson TA, Aldershof TS, Nguyen KV, Gluschke JG, Kenny EP, Zhou X, Wang T, van Koeverden MP, Powell BJ, Micolich AP, Abrahams BF, D'Alessandro DM. Multi-Redox Responsive Behavior in a Mixed-Valence Semiconducting Framework Based on Bis-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo-tetracyanoquinodimethane. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13242-13253. [PMID: 35830247 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The two-dimensional (2-D) framework, [Cu(BTDAT)(MeOH)] {BTDAT = bis-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo-tetracyanoquinodimethane}, possesses remarkable multi-step redox properties, with electrochemical studies revealing six quasi-stable redox states in the solid state. In situ electron paramagnetic resonance and visible-near infrared spectroelectrochemistry elucidated the mechanism for these multi-step redox processes, as well as the optical and electrochromic behavior of the BTDAT ligand and framework. In studying the structural, spectroscopic, and electronic properties of [Cu(BTDAT)(MeOH)], the as-synthesized framework was found to exist in a mixed-valence state with thermally-activated semiconducting behavior. In addition to pressed pellet conductivity measurements, single-crystal conductivity measurements using a pre-patterned polydimethylsiloxane layer on a silicon substrate provide important insights into the anisotropic conduction pathways. As an avenue to further understand the electronic state of [Cu(BTDAT)(MeOH)], computational band structure calculations predicted delocalized electronic transport in the framework. On the balance of probabilities, we propose that [Cu(BTDAT)(MeOH)] is a Mott insulator (i.e., electron correlations cause a metal-insulator transition). This implies that the conductivity is incoherent. However, we are unable to distinguish between activated transport due to Coulombically bound electron-hole pairs and a hopping mechanism. The combined electrochemical, electronic, and optical properties of [Cu(BTDAT)(MeOH)] shine a new light on the experimental and theoretical challenges for electroactive framework materials, which are implicated as the basis of advanced optoelectronic and electrochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Murase
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Timothy A Hudson
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas S Aldershof
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ky V Nguyen
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jan G Gluschke
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Elise P Kenny
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Tiesheng Wang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | | | - Benjamin J Powell
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Adam P Micolich
- School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Brendan F Abrahams
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Deanna M D'Alessandro
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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22
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Rybakiewicz-Sekita R, Toman P, Ganczarczyk R, Drapala J, Ledwon P, Banasiewicz M, Skorka L, Matyjasiak A, Zagorska M, Pron A. D-A-D Compounds Combining Dithienopyrrole Donors and Acceptors of Increasing Electron-Withdrawing Capability: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Electropolymerization, and Electrochromism. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:4089-4105. [PMID: 35616402 PMCID: PMC9189846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Five D-π-A-π-D compounds consisting of
the same donor unit (dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole, DTP), the same π-linker (2,5-thienylene),
and different acceptors of increasing electron-withdrawing ability
(1,3,4-thiadiazole (TD), benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole
(BTD), 2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione
(DPP), 1,2,4,5-tetrazine (TZ), and benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone (NDI)) were synthesized. DTP-TD, DTP-BTD, and DTP-DPP turned
out to be interesting luminophores emitting either yellow (DTP-TD) or near-infrared (DTP-BTD and DTP-DPP)
radiation in dichloromethane solutions. The emission bands were increasingly
bathochromically shifted with increasing solvent polarity. Electrochemically
determined electron affinities (|EA|s) were found to be strongly dependent
on the nature of the acceptor changing from 2.86 to 3.84 eV for DTP-TD and DTP-NDI, respectively, while the ionization
potential (IP) values varied only weakly. Experimental findings were
strongly supported by theoretical calculations, which correctly predicted
the observed solvent dependence of the emission spectra. Similarly,
the calculated IP and EA values were in excellent agreement with the
experiment. DTP-TD, DTP-BTD, DTP-TZ, and DTP-NDI could be electropolymerized to yield polymers
of very narrow electrochemical band gap and characterized by redox
states differing in color coordinates and lightness. Poly(DTP-NDI) and poly(DTP-TD) showed promising electrochromic behavior,
not only providing a rich color palette in the visible but also exhibiting
near-infrared (NIR) electrochromism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Rybakiewicz-Sekita
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. School of Sciences, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Woycickiego 1/3, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Petr Toman
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Ganczarczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Drapala
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Ledwon
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marzena Banasiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/44, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Skorka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Matyjasiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zagorska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Pron
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Liu T, Shen X, Liu Z, Zhang F, Liu JJ. An electron-deficient MOF as an efficient electron-transfer catalyst for selective oxidative carbon-carbon coupling of 2,6-di- tert-butylphenol. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:8234-8239. [PMID: 35575225 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00869f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Naphthalene diimides (NDIs), a type of electron-deficient dye molecule with high quadrupole moment and excellent redox activity, have been utilized in various fields, such as energy transfer, chemical sensing, anion transport, and photo-/electrochromic materials. In this study, an electron-deficient metal-organic framework with one-dimensional channels, Eu2(BBNDI)3(DMF)2 (MOF 1) (H2BBNDI = N,N'-bis(3-benzoic acid)naphthalene diimide), was successfully constructed based on the naphthalene diimide derivative. Because of the generation of NDI radicals by electron transfer between components, this material exhibits fast-responsive reversible photochromic properties. Moreover, it shows high efficiency and selective oxidation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol to its quinone derivative, aldehyde, and dimeric or trimeric phenol derivative by controlling the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Xianfu Shen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Zhengfen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China.
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24
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Park S, Lee J, Jeong H, Bae S, Kang J, Moon D, Park J. Multi-stimuli-engendered radical-anionic MOFs: Visualization of structural transformation upon radical formation. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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25
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Radha G, Roy S, Chakraborty C, Aggarwal H. Electrochromic and photochromic behaviour in a single metal-organic framework containing a redox-active linker. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4024-4027. [PMID: 35254374 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00288d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A Zr-based metal organic framework with naphthalene diimide teracarboxylate linkers is reported for its dual electrochromic and photochromic behavior. MOF crystals display reversible yellow to green photochromism upon exposure to visible light and colourless to dark-brown reversible electrochromism on applying a potential of 0 to -2.5 V. The MOF thin film shows good colouration efficiency at 550 nm, which is the highest sensitivity of the human eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govu Radha
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India.
| | - Susmita Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India.
| | - Chanchal Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India. .,Materials Center for Sustainable Energy & Environment (McSEE), Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Himanshu Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India. .,Materials Center for Sustainable Energy & Environment (McSEE), Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
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26
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Li WB, Chen XH, Chen JZ, Huang R, Ye JW, Chen L, Wang HP, Yang T, Tang LY, Bai J, Mo ZW, Chen XM. Photochromic Metal-Organic Framework for High-Resolution Inkless and Erasable Printing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8458-8463. [PMID: 35129947 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Inkless and erasable printing as a new technology has received intense attention in reducing paper waste and environmental hazards caused by the use of large amounts of ink. However, achieving high-resolution printing by inkless and erasable printing for practical applications remains a huge challenge. Herein, a new metal-organic framework (MOF) has been synthesized, which exhibits a reversible photochromic behavior. None of the unpaired electrons of metal ions and a unique three-dimensional network hinder electron transfer between the ligands and metal nodes, as well as between the ligands themselves, which are conducive to prolonging the photo-generated color lifetime and suitable for inkless and erasable printing. By virtue of the proper photo-generated color lifetime, strong contrast color before and after light irradiation, and reversible color transformation, a high-resolution printing content for inkless and erasable printing can be achieved by light irradiation. Notably, the paper coated with this MOF can be used for printing not only simple patterns such as pictures but also even texts for practical applications, surpassing other photochromic MOF materials for inkless and erasable printing, and almost comparable to ink and laser printing in terms of practicality and resolution. In addition, the MOF-coated paper can be reused for multiple cycles without significant deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, PR China
| | - Xiong-Hai Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, PR China
| | - Jia-Zhe Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, PR China
| | - Rong Huang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, PR China
| | - Jia-Wen Ye
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, PR China
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, PR China
| | - Hai-Ping Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, PR China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, PR China
| | - Liu-Yan Tang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, PR China
| | - Jie Bai
- Analysis and Test Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zong-Wen Mo
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ming Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529000, PR China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Ezugwu CI, Sonawane JM, Rosal R. Redox-active metal-organic frameworks for the removal of contaminants of emerging concern. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Liu J, Li M, Yu J. High-Performance Electrochromic Covalent Hybrid Framework Membranes via a Facile One-Pot Synthesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:2051-2057. [PMID: 34978179 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Porous framework materials have sparked enormous interest in the electrochromic field, as they possess intrinsic high porosity and a large surface area that are beneficial for electron and ion transport. However, the fabrication of these porous framework materials often requires multiple processing steps or harsh reaction conditions, which significantly limit large-scale fabrication of such materials. In this work, we report a one-pot in situ polycondensation method to construct electrochromic covalent hybrid framework membranes via nucleophilic substitutions between hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and triphenylamine (TPA) in an ambient environment. With the high transparency of polyphosphazene in a wide optical range, the constructed phosphazene-triphenylamine (PPTA) covalent hybrid framework membranes can be reversibly switched between light gray and dark blue, with a high transmittance change of up to 79.8%@668 nm and fast switching time (<4 s). Owing to the easy one-pot fabrication and good electrochromic properties, the PPTA covalent hybrid framework membrane has great potential in various fields such as displays and dynamic optical windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Minglun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Liu JJ, Fu JJ, Liu T, Shen X, Cheng FX. The modulation effect of an electron-rich guest on the luminescence of naphthalene diimide-based metal–organic frameworks. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00768a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of host–guest MOF materials were successfully fabricated by virtue of donor–acceptor interactions, which exhibit color-tunable emissions in a wide wavelength range by rational selection of guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Jia-Jia Fu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Teng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Xianfu Shen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Fei-Xiang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
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30
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Liu JJ, He C, Liu T, Liu J, Xia SB. Two photochromic hybrid materials assembled from naphthalene diimide as photocatalysts for the degradation of carcinogenic dye basic red 9 under visible light. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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31
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Zhang S, Panda DK, Yadav A, Zhou W, Saha S. Effects of intervalence charge transfer interaction between π-stacked mixed valent tetrathiafulvalene ligands on the electrical conductivity of 3D metal-organic frameworks. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13379-13391. [PMID: 34777756 PMCID: PMC8528024 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04338b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving a molecular-level understanding of how the structures and compositions of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) influence their charge carrier concentration and charge transport mechanism—the two key parameters of electrical conductivity—is essential for the successful development of electrically conducting MOFs, which have recently emerged as one of the most coveted functional materials due to their diverse potential applications in advanced electronics and energy technologies. Herein, we have constructed four new alkali metal (Na, K, Rb, and Cs) frameworks based on an electron-rich tetrathiafulvalene tetracarboxylate (TTFTC) ligand, which formed continuous π-stacks, albeit with different π–π-stacking and S⋯S distances (dπ–π and dS⋯S). These MOFs also contained different amounts of aerobically oxidized TTFTC˙+ radical cations that were quantified by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Density functional theory calculations and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy demonstrated that depending on the π–π-interaction and TTFTC˙+ population, these MOFs enjoyed varying degrees of TTFTC/TTFTC˙+ intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) interactions, which commensurately affected their electronic and optical band gaps and electrical conductivity. Having the shortest dπ–π (3.39 Å) and the largest initial TTFTC˙+ population (∼23%), the oxidized Na-MOF 1-ox displayed the narrowest band gap (1.33 eV) and the highest room temperature electrical conductivity (3.6 × 10−5 S cm−1), whereas owing to its longest dπ–π (3.68 Å) and a negligible TTFTC˙+ population, neutral Cs-MOF 4 exhibited the widest band gap (2.15 eV) and the lowest electrical conductivity (1.8 × 10−7 S cm−1). The freshly prepared but not optimally oxidized K-MOF 2 and Rb-MOF 3 initially displayed intermediate band gaps and conductivity, however, upon prolonged aerobic oxidation, which raised the TTFTC˙+ population to saturation levels (∼25 and 10%, respectively), the resulting 2-ox and 3-ox displayed much narrower band gaps (∼1.35 eV) and higher electrical conductivity (6.6 × 10−5 and 4.7 × 10−5 S cm−1, respectively). The computational studies indicated that charge movement in these MOFs occurred predominantly through the π-stacked ligands, while the experimental results displayed the combined effects of π–π-interactions, TTFTC˙+ population, and TTFTC/TTFTC˙+ IVCT interaction on their electronic and optical properties, demonstrating that IVCT interactions between the mixed-valent ligands could be exploited as an effective design strategy to develop electrically conducting MOFs. Through-space charge movement enabled by intervalence charge transfer interactions between π-stacked mixed-valent tetrathiafulvalene ligands creates electrical conductivity in three-dimensional metal–organic frameworks.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
| | - Dillip K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
| | - Ashok Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 20899 USA
| | - Sourav Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634 USA
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32
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Bhosale SV, Al Kobaisi M, Jadhav RW, Morajkar PP, Jones LA, George S. Naphthalene diimides: perspectives and promise. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:9845-9998. [PMID: 34308940 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00239a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we describe the developments in the field of naphthalene diimides (NDIs) from 2016 to the presentday. NDIs are shown to be an increasingly interesting class of molecules due to their electronic properties, large electron deficient aromatic cores and tendency to self-assemble into functional structures. Almost all NDIs possess high electron affinity, good charge carrier mobility, and excellent thermal and oxidative stability, making them promising candidates for applications in organic electronics, photovoltaic devices, and flexible displays. NDIs have also been extensively studied due to their potential real-world uses across a wide variety of applications including supramolecular chemistry, sensing, host-guest complexes for molecular switching devices, such as catenanes and rotaxanes, ion-channels, catalysis, and medicine and as non-fullerene accepters in solar cells. In recent years, NDI research with respect to supramolecular assemblies and mechanoluminescent properties has also gained considerable traction. Thus, this review will assist a wide range of readers and researchers including chemists, physicists, biologists, medicinal chemists and materials scientists in understanding the scope for development and applicability of NDI dyes in their respective fields through a discussion of the main properties of NDI derivatives and of the status of emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheshanath V Bhosale
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa-403 206, India.
| | - Mohammad Al Kobaisi
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Ratan W Jadhav
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa-403 206, India.
| | - Pranay P Morajkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa-403 206, India.
| | - Lathe A Jones
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
| | - Subi George
- New Chemistry Unit (NCU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur PO, Bangalore-560064, India
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33
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Wu X, Wang K, Lin J, Yan D, Guo Z, Zhan H. A thin film of naphthalenediimide-based metal-organic framework with electrochromic properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 594:73-79. [PMID: 33756370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A metal-organic framework (MOF) thin film constructed from Zn nodes and naphthalenediimide (NDI) linkers was grown in-situ uniformly on a transparent conducting glass substrate. This transparent thin film exhibits intriguingly high-contrast electrochromic (EC) switching between canary yellow and dark brown by means of a one-electron redox reaction at its NDI linkers. The findings provide a basic comprehension of the relations between redox state and electrochromism and enrich the application of MOF in the field of optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, PR China
| | - Junyu Lin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, PR China
| | - Dan Yan
- Testing Center, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, PR China; Key Laboratory of Eco-materials Advanced Technology, Fuzhou University, Fujian Province, PR China.
| | - Hongbing Zhan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350118, PR China
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34
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Borysiewicz MA, Dou JH, Stassen I, Dincă M. Why conductivity is not always king - physical properties governing the capacitance of 2D metal-organic framework-based EDLC supercapacitor electrodes: a Ni 3(HITP) 2 case study. Faraday Discuss 2021; 231:298-304. [PMID: 34259286 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00028d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a systematic study on the variation of the physical properties of Ni3(HITP)2 (HITP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene) in the context of their influence on the capacitive behavior of this material in supercapacitor electrodes prepared using the neat MOF. We find that, for this representative material, the sample morphology has a greater impact on the measured electrode performance than differences in bulk electrical conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Adam Borysiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | - Jin-Hu Dou
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | - Ivo Stassen
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | - Mircea Dincă
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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35
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Redox-active ligands: Recent advances towards their incorporation into coordination polymers and metal-organic frameworks. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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36
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37
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Zhou Y, Han L. Recent advances in naphthalenediimide-based metal-organic frameworks: Structures and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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38
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39
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D'Alessandro DM, Usov PM. Spectroelectrochemistry: A Powerful Tool for Studying Fundamental Properties and Emerging Applications of Solid-State Materials Including Metal–Organic Frameworks. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch20301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) encompasses a broad suite of electroanalytical techniques where electrochemistry is coupled with various spectroscopic methods. This powerful and versatile array of methods is characterised as in situ, where a fundamental property is measured in real time as the redox state is varied through an applied voltage. SEC has a long and rich history and has proved highly valuable for discerning mechanistic aspects of redox reactions that underpin the function of biological, chemical, and physical systems in the solid and solution states, as well as in thin films and even in single molecules. This perspective article highlights the state of the art in solid-state SEC (ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared, infrared, Raman, photoluminescence, electron paramagnetic resonance, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy) relevant to interrogating solid state materials, particularly those in the burgeoning field of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Emphasis is on developments in the field over the past 10 years and prospects for application of SEC techniques to probing fundamental aspects of MOFs and MOF-derived materials, along with their emerging applications in next-generation technologies for energy storage and transformation. Along with informing the already expert practitioner of SEC, this article provides some guidance for researchers interested in entering the field.
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Bora HJ, Sen Sarma N, Kalita A. Selective dual adsorption performance of hexagonal porous metal–organic framework rods towards CO 2 gas and organic dye. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03105h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The designed porous hexagonal MOF platform confirms a dual selective adsorption of the environmental pollutants CO2 gas and water-soluble organic dye under ambient atmospheric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hridoy Jyoti Bora
- Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati-781035, Assam, India
| | - Neelotpal Sen Sarma
- Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati-781035, Assam, India
| | - Anamika Kalita
- Physical Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati-781035, Assam, India
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41
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Liu C, Yang W, Zhang Y, Jiang J. Quintuple-Decker Heteroleptic Phthalocyanine Heterometallic Samarium-Cadmium Complexes. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Electrochemical Behavior, and Spectroscopic Investigation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17591-17599. [PMID: 33186030 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A one-pot synthesis methodology was employed for obtaining diverse quintuple-decker phthalocyanine heterometallic lanthanide-cadmium complexes. By using the reaction of a double-decker homoleptic/heteroleptic phthalocyanine samarium compound with metal-free phthalocyanine and cadmium acetate in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at 200 °C, two novel quintuple-decker heteroleptic phthalocyanine heterometallic samarium-cadmium compounds, {(Pc)Sm(Pc)Cd(Pc*)Cd(Pc)Sm(Pc)} (1) and {(Pc)Sm(Pc*)Cd(Pc*)Cd(Pc*)Sm(Pc)} (2), together with one homoleptic phthalocyanine species, {(Pc*)Sm(Pc*)Cd(Pc*)Cd(Pc*)Sm(Pc*)} (3), were successfully fabricated, where H2Pc and H2Pc* represent unsubstituted phthalocyanine and 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(n-pentyloxy)phthalocyanine, respectively. Their quintuple-decker structures have been disclosed by various spectroscopic techniques and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, valence tautomerization of these three quintuple-decker complexes has been achieved by the addition of phenoxathiin hexachloroantimonate, giving three oxidized forms including one-, two-, and three-electron oxidation products. From 1 to 3 with the same oxidation state, the increased number of n-pentyloxy substituents of phthalocyanine ligands induces the blue shift of electronic absorption in the IR region due to the increased gap associated with the introduction of electron-donating substituents. In particular, the electronic absorption spectra of one- and two-electron oxidation products for 1 exhibit a rare band in the middle-IR region around 3000 nm, being one of the farthest electronic transitions captured by UV-vis spectroscopy. The three-electron oxidation product of 1 displays two bands at 2231 and 2740 nm, respectively. These data are well confirmed by IR spectroscopic data and theoretical calculation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuexing Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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42
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Yang S, Zhang J, Peng L, Asgari M, Stoian D, Kochetygov I, Luo W, Oveisi E, Trukhina O, Clark AH, Sun DT, Queen WL. A metal-organic framework/polymer derived catalyst containing single-atom nickel species for electrocatalysis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10991-10997. [PMID: 34094347 PMCID: PMC8162436 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04512h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
While metal–organic frameworks (MOF) alone offer a wide range of structural tunability, the formation of composites, through the introduction of other non-native species, like polymers, can further broaden their structure/property spectrum. Here we demonstrate that a polymer, placed inside the MOF pores, can support the collapsible MOF and help inhibit the aggregation of nickel during pyrolysis; this leads to the formation of single atom nickel species in the resulting nitrogen doped carbons, and dramatically improves the activity, CO selectivity and stability in electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. Considering the vast number of multifarious MOFs and polymers to choose from, we believe this strategy can open up more possibilities in the field of catalyst design, and further contribute to the already expansive set of MOF applications. A metal–organic framework/polymer derived catalyst containing single-atom nickel species shows good performance for electroreduction of CO2 to CO.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuliang Yang
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-ISIC-Valais Sion 1950 Switzerland
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-ISIC-Valais Sion 1950 Switzerland .,Empa Materials Science & Technology CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Li Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Mehrdad Asgari
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-ISIC-Valais Sion 1950 Switzerland
| | - Dragos Stoian
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-ISIC-Valais Sion 1950 Switzerland
| | - Ilia Kochetygov
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-ISIC-Valais Sion 1950 Switzerland
| | - Wen Luo
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-ISIC-Valais Sion 1950 Switzerland .,Empa Materials Science & Technology CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Emad Oveisi
- Interdiciplinary Center for Electron Microscopy, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Olga Trukhina
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-ISIC-Valais Sion 1950 Switzerland
| | - Adam H Clark
- Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Daniel T Sun
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-ISIC-Valais Sion 1950 Switzerland
| | - Wendy L Queen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-ISIC-Valais Sion 1950 Switzerland
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43
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Cichocka M, Liang Z, Feng D, Back S, Siahrostami S, Wang X, Samperisi L, Sun Y, Xu H, Hedin N, Zheng H, Zou X, Zhou HC, Huang Z. A Porphyrinic Zirconium Metal-Organic Framework for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Tailoring the Spacing between Active-Sites through Chain-Based Inorganic Building Units. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15386-15395. [PMID: 32786758 PMCID: PMC7498152 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is central in carbon-neutral energy devices. While platinum group materials have shown high activities for ORR, their practical uses are hampered by concerns over deactivation, slow kinetics, exorbitant cost, and scarce nature reserve. The low cost yet high tunability of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) provide a unique platform for tailoring their characteristic properties as new electrocatalysts. Herein, we report a new concept of design and present stable Zr-chain-based MOFs as efficient electrocatalysts for ORR. The strategy is based on using Zr-chains to promote high chemical and redox stability and, more importantly, tailor the immobilization and packing of redox active-sites at a density that is ideal to improve the reaction kinetics. The obtained new electrocatalyst, PCN-226, thereby shows high ORR activity. We further demonstrate PCN-226 as a promising electrode material for practical applications in rechargeable Zn-air batteries, with a high peak power density of 133 mW cm-2. Being one of the very few electrocatalytic MOFs for ORR, this work provides a new concept by designing chain-based structures to enrich the diversity of efficient electrocatalysts and MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena
Ola Cichocka
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Zuozhong Liang
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Dawei Feng
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Seoin Back
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Samira Siahrostami
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Xia Wang
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Laura Samperisi
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Yujia Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
| | - Hongyi Xu
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Niklas Hedin
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Haoquan Zheng
- Key
Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Hong-Cai Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3255, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas
A&M University, College
Station, Texas 77843-3003, United States
| | - Zhehao Huang
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
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44
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Yadav A, Panda DK, Zhang S, Zhou W, Saha S. Electrically Conductive 3D Metal-Organic Framework Featuring π-Acidic Hexaazatriphenylene Hexacarbonitrile Ligands with Anion-π Interaction and Efficient Charge-Transport Capabilities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:40613-40619. [PMID: 32786221 PMCID: PMC10938260 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show great potential to foster myriad advanced electronics and energy technologies, but they must possess adequate charge-carrier concentration and efficient charge-transport pathways in order to display useful electrical conductivity. A new intrinsically conducting 3D framework [Ag2(HATHCN)(CF3SO3)2]n was constructed by employing a highly π-acidic 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacarbonitrile (HATHCN) ligand, which assumed a paramagnetic HATHCN•- radical anion character by acquiring electron density from the TfO- anions involved in the anion-π interaction and facilitated charge movement along the staircase-like [-Ag+-HATHCN-]∞ chains having ample Ag4d+-N2p orbital overlap in the valence band region. As a result, the MOF displayed a narrow band gap (1.35 eV) and promising electrical conductivity (7.3 × 10-4 S/cm, 293 K) that ranked very high among those recorded for 3D MOFs. This work presents a new strategy to construct intrinsically conductive 3D frameworks by exploiting the dual metal coordination and anion-π interaction capabilities of a highly π-acidic HATHCN ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Dillip K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Wei Zhou
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Sourav Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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45
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46
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Souto M, Strutyński K, Melle‐Franco M, Rocha J. Electroactive Organic Building Blocks for the Chemical Design of Functional Porous Frameworks (MOFs and COFs) in Electronics. Chemistry 2020; 26:10912-10935. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Souto
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Karol Strutyński
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Manuel Melle‐Franco
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - João Rocha
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
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47
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Reversible single crystal-to-single crystal double [2+2] cycloaddition induces multifunctional photo-mechano-electrochemical properties in framework materials. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2808. [PMID: 32499512 PMCID: PMC7272394 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible structural transformations of porous coordination frameworks in response to external stimuli such as light, electrical potential, guest inclusion or pressure, amongst others, have been the subject of intense interest for applications in sensing, switching and molecular separations. Here we report a coordination framework based on an electroactive tetrathiafulvalene exhibiting a reversible single crystal-to-single crystal double [2 + 2] photocyclisation, leading to profound differences in the electrochemical, optical and mechanical properties of the material upon light irradiation. Electrochemical and in situ spectroelectrochemical measurements, in combination with in situ light-irradiated Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, revealed the variable mechanical properties of the framework that were supported using Density Functional Theory calculations. The reversible structural transformation points towards a plethora of potential applications for coordination frameworks in photo-mechanical and photoelectrochemical devices, such as light-driven actuators and photo-valves for targeted drug delivery. Porous coordination frameworks that undergo reversible structural transformations are promising for sensing, switching and separations. Here, the authors report an electroactive framework that exhibits a reversible single crystal-to-single crystal double [2+2] photocyclisation, leading to property changes.
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48
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Wu J, Chen J, Wang C, Zhou Y, Ba K, Xu H, Bao W, Xu X, Carlsson A, Lazar S, Meingast A, Sun Z, Deng H. Metal-Organic Framework for Transparent Electronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1903003. [PMID: 32328418 PMCID: PMC7175255 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Electronics allowing for visible light to pass through are attractive, where a key challenge is to make the core functional units transparent. Here, it is shown that transparent electronics can be constructed by epitaxial growth of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) on single-layer graphene (SLG) to give a desirable transparency of 95.7% to 550 nm visible light and an electrical conductivity of 4.0 × 104 S m-1. Through lattice and symmetry match, collective alignment of MOF pores and dense packing of MOFs vertically on SLG are achieved, as directly visualized by electron microscopy. These MOF-on-SLG constructs are capable of room-temperature recognition of gas molecules at the ppb level with a linear range from 10 to 108 ppb, providing real-time gas monitoring function in transparent electronics. The corresponding devices can be fabricated on flexible substrates with large size, 3 × 5 cm, and afford continuous folding for more than 200 times without losing conductivity or transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers‐Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Jinhang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers‐Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers‐Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Kun Ba
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Hu Xu
- School of MicroelectronicFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Wenzhong Bao
- School of MicroelectronicFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers‐Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Anna Carlsson
- Thermo Fisher ScientificMaterials & Structural Analysis5651 GGEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Sorin Lazar
- Thermo Fisher ScientificMaterials & Structural Analysis5651 GGEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Arno Meingast
- Thermo Fisher ScientificMaterials & Structural Analysis5651 GGEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Zhengzong Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Hexiang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers‐Ministry of EducationCollege of Chemistry and Molecular ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
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49
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Zhang W, Chu J, Hu M. Coupled Electrical Conduction in Coordination Polymers: From Electrons/Ions to Mixed Charge Carriers. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:1202-1213. [PMID: 32187450 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The coupled transport of ions and electrons is of great potential for next-generation sensors, energy storage and conversion devices, optoelectronics, etc. Coordination polymers (CPs) intrinsically have both transport pathways for electrons and ions, however, the practical conductivities are usually low. In recent years, significant advances have been made in electronic or ionic conductive coordination polymers, which also results in progress in mixed ionic-electronic conductive coordination polymers. Here we start from electronic and ionic conductive CPs to mixed ionic-electronic conductive CPs. Recent advances in the design of mixed ionic-electronic conductive CPs are summarized. In addition, devices based on mixed conduction are selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Junhao Chu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ming Hu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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50
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Liu J, Daphne Ma XY, Wang Z, Xu L, Xu T, He C, Wang F, Lu X. Highly Stable and Rapid Switching Electrochromic Thin Films Based on Metal-Organic Frameworks with Redox-Active Triphenylamine Ligands. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:7442-7450. [PMID: 31958011 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b20388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), known for their tailorable porous structures and large specific surface areas, are appealing for electrochromic applications as their abundant pores may greatly benefit the charge transport required for electrochromic switching. Herein, for the first time, a simple, scalable, and cost-effective electrochemical deposition method for fabrication of high-performance and durable MOFs-based electrochromic films with redox-active ligands was developed. The fabricated film can achieve rapid switching speed (both coloration and bleaching time <5 s) because the inherent cavities of the MOFs greatly facilitate ion insertion and extraction. In addition, the film constructed with optimized parameters shows a high optical contrast of 65%@700 nm and can be stably switched for 1000 cycles with <5% contrast attenuation, which is by far the best cycling performance for MOFs-based electrochromic materials ever reported. Furthermore, our method enables the scalable preparation of large-area MOFs-based electrochromic thin films without using large high-pressure reaction vessels, and the as-prepared film in this work could be switched well between colored and bleached states. This new method, therefore, opens up a new avenue to broaden the use of MOFs-based thin films for electrochromic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 Singapore
| | - Xiu Yun Daphne Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 Singapore
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 Singapore
| | - Lulu Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 Singapore
| | - Tingting Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 Singapore
| | - Chaobin He
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , 2 Fusionopolis Way , 138634 Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National University of Singapore , 117574 Singapore
| | - Fuke Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , 2 Fusionopolis Way , 138634 Singapore
| | - Xuehong Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , 639798 Singapore
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