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Chettri A, Kaberov LI, Klosterhalfen N, Perera S, Jamshied M, Schacher FH, Dietzek-Ivanšić B. Poly(2-Oxazoline) Amphiphilicity Tunes the Excited-State Proton Transfer of Pyrenol-Based Polyphotoacids. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401047. [PMID: 38699878 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The ability of light to change the properties of light-responsive polymers opens avenues for targeted release of cargo with a high degree of spatial and temporal control. Recently, we established photoacid polymers as light-switchable macromolecular amphiphiles. In these systems, light-induced excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) causes changes in amphilicity. However, as the intermolecular process itself critically depends on the local environment of the photoacid unit within the polymer, the overall amphiphilicity directly influences ESPT. Thus, understanding the impact of the local environment on the photophysics of photoacidic side chains is key to material design. In this contribution we address both thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of ESPT in oxazoline-based amphiphilic polymers with pyrenol-based photoacid side chains. We will compare the effect of polymer design, i. e. statistical and block arrangements, i. e. in poly[(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-co-(1-(6/8-hydroxyperene)sulphonylaziridine)] and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-block-poly[(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-co-(2-(3-(6-hydroxypyrene)sulphonamide)propyl-2-oxazoline), on the intermolecular proton transfer reaction by combining steady-state and time-resolved absorption and emission spectroscopy. ESPT appears more prominent in the statistical copolymer compared to a block copolymer with overall similar pyrenol loading. We hypothesize that the difference is due to different local chain arrangements adopted by the polymers in the two cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Chettri
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Research Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Leonid I Kaberov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Niklas Klosterhalfen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Research Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandunika Perera
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Mohammed Jamshied
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Felix H Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek-Ivanšić
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Research Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
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2
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Liao JZ, Liu SJ, Ke H. Excited-State Proton Transfer in a Photoacid-Based Crystalline Coordination Compound: Reversible Photochromism, Near-Infrared Photothermal Conversion, and Conductivity. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16825-16831. [PMID: 37779255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
By harnessing the power of coordination self-assembly, crystalline materials can act as carriers for photoacids. Unlike their solution-based counterparts, these photoacids are capable of altering the properties of the crystalline material under light and can even generate proton transfer in a solid-state environment. Due to the photoinduced proton transfer and charge transfer processes within this functional material, this crystal exhibits powerful absorption spanning the visible to near-infrared spectrum upon light irradiation. This feature enables reproducible, significant chromatic variation, near-infrared photothermal conversion, and photocontrollable conductivity for this photoresponsive material. The findings suggest that the synthesis of pyranine photoacid-based crystalline materials via coordination self-assembly can not only enhance light-harvesting efficiency but also enable excited-state proton transfer processes within solid crystalline materials, thereby maintaining and even improving the properties of photoacids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhen Liao
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, Jiangxi, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, PR China
| | - Shu-Jie Liu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Hua Ke
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, Jiangxi, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, PR China
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3
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Nichka VS, Mareev SA, Apel PY, Sabbatovskiy KG, Sobolev VD, Nikonenko VV. Modeling the Conductivity and Diffusion Permeability of a Track-Etched Membrane Taking into Account a Loose Layer. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12121283. [PMID: 36557191 PMCID: PMC9786269 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The microheterogeneous model makes it possible to describe the main transport properties of ion-exchange membranes using a single set of input parameters. This paper describes an adaptation of the microheterogeneous model for describing the electrical conductivity and diffusion permeability of a track-etched membrane (TEM). Usually, the transport parameters of TEMs are evaluated assuming that ion transfer occurs through the solution filling the membrane pores, which are cylindrical and oriented normally to the membrane surface. The version of the microheterogeneous model developed in this paper takes into account the presence of a loose layer, which forms as an intermediate layer between the pore solution and the membrane bulk material during track etching. It is assumed that this layer can be considered as a "gel phase" in the framework of the microheterogeneous model due to the fixed hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, which imparts ion exchange properties to the loose layer. The qualitative and quantitative agreement between the calculated and experimental concentration dependencies of the conductivity and diffusion permeability is discussed. The role of the model input parameters is described in relation to the structural features of the membrane. In particular, the inclination of the pores relative to the surface and their narrowing in the middle part of the membrane can be important for their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladlen S. Nichka
- Physical Chemistry Department, Membrane Institute, Kuban State University, Krasnodar 350040, Russia
| | - Semyon A. Mareev
- Physical Chemistry Department, Membrane Institute, Kuban State University, Krasnodar 350040, Russia
| | - Pavel Yu. Apel
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russia
| | - Konstantin G. Sabbatovskiy
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Vladimir D. Sobolev
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Victor V. Nikonenko
- Physical Chemistry Department, Membrane Institute, Kuban State University, Krasnodar 350040, Russia
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4
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Alhefeiti M, Chandra F, Gupta RK, Saleh N. Dyeing Non-Recyclable Polyethylene Plastic with Photoacid Phycocyanobilin from Spirulina Algae: Ultrafast Photoluminescence Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224811. [PMID: 36432938 PMCID: PMC9693856 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the enormous environmental damage caused by plastic waste, it makes up over one-third of globally produced plastics. Polyethylene (PE) wastes have low recycling but high production rates. Towards the construction of ionic solar cells from PE, the present work describes the loading of a bioactive photoacid phycocyanobilin (PCB) dye from the pigment of Spirulina blue-green algae (as a natural resource) on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic film. Dyeing was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Upon excitation of the Soret-band (400 nm), the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of PCB in neat solvents revealed two prominent emission peaks at 450-550 and 600-700 nm. The first band assigned to bilirubin-like (PCBBR) species predominated the spectral profile in the highly rigid solvent glycerol and upon loading 0.45 % (w/w) of the dye on plastic. The photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra of PCB for the second region (Q-band) at 672 nm in the same solvents confirmed the ground state heterogenicity previously associated with the presence of PCBA (neutral), PCBB (cationic), and PCBC (anionic) conformers. Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements induced via excitation of all PCB species at 510 nm in methanol revealed three-lifetime components with τ1 = ~0.1 ns and τ2 = ~2 ns associated with PCBBR species and τ3 = ~5 ns pertinent to the long-living photoproduct X*. Decay-associated spectra (DAS) analysis of the photoluminescence transient spectra of the final dyed films in the solid-state confirmed the improved generation of the long-living photoproduct as manifested in a significant increase in the PL intensity (~100-fold) and lifetime value (~90 ns) in the Q-region upon loading 6.92 % (w/w) of the dye on plastic. The photoproduct species were presumably assigned to the deprotonated PCB species, suggesting improved ionic mobility. The potential implementation of the PCB-sensitized PE solid wastes for the fabrication of ionic solar cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Alhefeiti
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Falguni Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ravindra Kumar Gupta
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Na’il Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-(0)3-713-6138
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Nandi R, Amdursky N. The Dual Use of the Pyranine (HPTS) Fluorescent Probe: A Ground-State pH Indicator and an Excited-State Proton Transfer Probe. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2728-2739. [PMID: 36053265 PMCID: PMC9494743 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Molecular fluorescent probes are an essential experimental tool in many fields, ranging from biology to chemistry and materials science, to study the localization and other environmental properties surrounding the fluorescent probe. Thousands of different molecular fluorescent probes can be grouped into different families according to their photophysical properties. This Account focuses on a unique class of fluorescent probes that distinguishes itself from all other probes. This class is termed photoacids, which are molecules exhibiting a change in their acid-base transition between the ground and excited states, resulting in a large change in their pKa values between these two states, which is thermodynamically described using the Förster cycle. While there are many different photoacids, we focus only on pyranine, which is the most used photoacid, with pKa values of ∼7.4 and ∼0.4 for its ground and excited states, respectively. Such a difference between the pKa values is the basis for the dual use of the pyranine fluorescent probe. Furthermore, the protonated and deprotonated states of pyranine absorb and emit at different wavelengths, making it easy to focus on a specific state. Pyranine has been used for decades as a fluorescent pH indicator for physiological pH values, which is based on its acid-base equilibrium in the ground state. While the unique excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) properties of photoacids have been explored for more than a half-century, it is only recently that photoacids and especially pyranine have been used as fluorescent probes for the local environment of the probe, especially the hydration layer surrounding it and related proton diffusion properties. Such use of photoacids is based on their capability for ESPT from the photoacid to a nearby proton acceptor, which is usually, but not necessarily, water. In this Account, we detail the photophysical properties of pyranine, distinguishing between the processes in the ground state and the ones in the excited state. We further review the different utilization of pyranine for probing different properties of the environment. Our main perspective is on the emerging use of the ESPT process for deciphering the hydration layer around the probe and other parameters related to proton diffusion taking place while the molecule is in the excited state, focusing primarily on bio-related materials. Special attention is given to how to perform the experiments and, most importantly, how to interpret their results. We also briefly discuss the breadth of possibilities in making pyranine derivatives and the use of pyranine for controlling dynamic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Nandi
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Nadav Amdursky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Chen W, Liu J, Zheng C, Bai Q, Gao Q, Zhang Y, Dong K, Lu T. Research Progress on Improving the Efficiency of CDT by Exacerbating Tumor Acidification. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2611-2628. [PMID: 35712639 PMCID: PMC9196673 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s366187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has received extensive attention as a novel means of cancer treatment. The CDT agents can exert Fenton and Fenton-like reactions in the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), converting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH). However, the pH of TME, as an essential factor in the Fenton reaction, does not catalyze the reaction effectively, hindering its efficiency, which poses a significant challenge for the future clinical application of CDT. Therefore, this paper reviews various strategies to enhance the antitumor properties of nanomaterials by modulating tumor acidity. Ultimately, the performance of CDT can be further improved by inducing strong oxidative stress to produce sufficient ·OH. In this paper, the various acidification pathways and proton pumps with potential acidification functions are mainly discussed, such as catalytic enzymes, exogenous acids, CAIX, MCT, NHE, NBCn1, etc. The problems, opportunities, and challenges of CDT in the cancer field are also discussed, thereby providing new insights for the design of nanomaterials and laying the foundation for their future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Chen
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Que Bai
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingli Lu
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
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7
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Choudhury R, Paudel P, Sharma AK, Webb S, Ware M. Evaluating the Merit of a Syringol Derived Fluorophore as a Charge Transfer Probe for Detection of Serum Albumins. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022; 422:113563. [PMID: 34720541 PMCID: PMC8553016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this article a syringol-π-benz[e]indolium based donor-acceptor fluorophore has been reported. The fluorophore shows a solvent polarity dependent change in the absorption and emission spectra in solution. A combined spectroscopic and time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) studies reveal higher dipole moment of the fluorophore in the excited state, resulting positive solvatochromism. In physiological pH, the phenol group in the fluorophore is easily deprotonated owing to the electron pulling effect of the substituents. Consequently, the phenolate (PhO-) becomes a strong active donor in the new donor-acceptor pair. In aqueous solution, the new phenolate fluorochrome shows negligible fluorescence due to energy loss via non-radiative pathways from the low-lying polar excited states. The fluorochrome can detect human and bovine serum albumins in physiological buffer solution with high selectivity. The underlying mechanism of human serum albumin (HSA) detection was estimated to be strong (1.46 × 105 M-1, ΔG = -7.05 kcal/mol) supramolecular complexation between the fluorophore and albumin in hydrophobic binding site III-B. The linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and HSA concentration extends from 40 mg/L to an impressive upper limit (540 mg/L), thereby opening an opportunity for albumin detection in a broad range of health conditions. The practical applicability of the fluorophore was tested in spiked urine samples and a good correlation was observed between fluorescence intensity and the concentration of human serum albumin in neutral aqueous samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Choudhury
- Department of Physical Sciences, Arkansas Tech University, Russellville, Arkansas, 72801, United States
| | - Pratikshya Paudel
- Department of Physical Sciences, Arkansas Tech University, Russellville, Arkansas, 72801, United States
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Department of Physical Sciences, Wagner College, Staten Island, New York, 10301, United States
| | - Sydney Webb
- Department of Physical Sciences, Arkansas Tech University, Russellville, Arkansas, 72801, United States
| | - Morgan Ware
- Department of Physical Sciences, Arkansas Tech University, Russellville, Arkansas, 72801, United States
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Burnstine‐Townley A, Mondal S, Agam Y, Nandi R, Amdursky N. Light‐Modulated Cationic and Anionic Transport across Protein Biopolymers**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Burnstine‐Townley
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Somen Mondal
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Yuval Agam
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Ramesh Nandi
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Nadav Amdursky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
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9
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Burnstine-Townley A, Mondal S, Agam Y, Nandi R, Amdursky N. Light-Modulated Cationic and Anionic Transport across Protein Biopolymers*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24676-24685. [PMID: 34492153 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Light is a convenient source of energy and the heart of light-harvesting natural systems and devices. Here, we show light-modulation of both the chemical nature and ionic charge carrier concentration within a protein-based biopolymer that was covalently functionalized with photoacids or photobases. We explore the capability of the biopolymer-tethered photoacids and photobases to undergo excited-state proton transfer and capture, respectively. Electrical measurements show that both the photoacid- and photobase-functionalized biopolymers exhibit an impressive light-modulated increase in ionic conductivity. Whereas cationic protons are the charge carriers for the photoacid-functionalized biopolymer, water-derived anionic hydroxides are the suggested charge carriers for the photobase-functionalized biopolymer. Our work introduces a versatile toolbox to photomodulate both protons and hydroxides as charge carriers in polymers, which can be of interest for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Burnstine-Townley
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Somen Mondal
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Yuval Agam
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Ramesh Nandi
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Nadav Amdursky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
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10
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Sittig M, Tom JC, Elter JK, Schacher FH, Dietzek B. Quinoline Photobasicity: Investigation within Water-Soluble Light-Responsive Copolymers. Chemistry 2021; 27:1072-1079. [PMID: 32986286 PMCID: PMC7839697 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Quinoline photobases exhibit a distinctly higher pKa in their electronically excited state than in the ground state, thereby enabling light-controlled proton transfer reactions, for example, in molecular catalysis. The absorption of UV light translates to a pKa jump of approximately 10 units, as established for small-molecule photobases. This contribution presents the first synthesis of quinoline-based polymeric photobases prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The integration of quinolines as photobase chromophores within copolymers offers new possibilities for light-triggered proton transfer in nanostructured materials, that is, in nanoparticles, at surfaces, membranes and interfaces. To exploit the light-triggered reactivity of photobases within such materials, we first investigated how the ground- and excited-state properties of the quinoline unit changes upon polymer integration. To address this matter, we combined absorption and emission spectroscopy with time-resolved transient-absorption studies to reveal photoinduced proton-transfer dynamics in various solvents. The results yield important insights into the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of these polymeric quinoline photobases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sittig
- Department of Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology JenaAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 907745JenaGermany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich-Schiller-University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| | - Jessica C. Tom
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| | - Johanna K. Elter
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)Friedrich Schiller University JenaHumboldtstrasse 1007743JenaGermany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM)Friedrich Schiller University JenaPhilosophenweg 707743JenaGermany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Department of Functional InterfacesLeibniz Institute of Photonic Technology JenaAlbert-Einstein-Strasse 907745JenaGermany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of PhotonicsFriedrich-Schiller-University JenaHelmholtzweg 407743JenaGermany
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11
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Apel PY, Blonskaya IV, Ivanov OM, Kristavchuk OV, Lizunov NE, Nechaev AN, Orelovich OL, Polezhaeva OA, Dmitriev SN. Creation of Ion-Selective Membranes from Polyethylene Terephthalate Films Irradiated with Heavy Ions: Critical Parameters of the Process. MEMBRANES AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s251775162002002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Wendler F, Tom JC, Sittig M, Biehl P, Dietzek B, Schacher FH. Block Copolymers Featuring Highly Photostable Photoacids Based on Vinylnaphthol: Synthesis and Self-Assembly. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e1900607. [PMID: 32037620 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a photoresponsive amphiphilic diblock quarterpolymer containing 5-vinyl-1-naphthol (VN) as a photostable photoacidic comonomer is presented. The preparation is realized via a sequential reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization starting from a nona(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (MEO9 MA/"O") hydrophilic block, which is then used as a macro-RAFT agent in the terpolymerization of styrene (S), 2-vinylpyridine (2VP), and TBS-protected VN (tVN). The terpolymerization proceeds in a controlled fashion and two diblock quarterpolymers, P(Om )-b-P(Sx -co-2VPy -co-VNz ), with varying functional comonomer compositions are prepared. These diblock quarterpolymers form spherical core-corona micelles in aqueous media according to dynamic light scattering (DLS) and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Upon irradiation, the photoacids within the micellar core experience a drastic increase in acidity causing a proton transfer from the photoacid to neighboring 2VP units. As a result, the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of the entire assembly is shifted, and the encapsulated cargo is released.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wendler
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Jessica C Tom
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Sittig
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Philip Biehl
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Felix H Schacher
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Zhang Z, Huang X, Qian Y, Chen W, Wen L, Jiang L. Engineering Smart Nanofluidic Systems for Artificial Ion Channels and Ion Pumps: From Single-Pore to Multichannel Membranes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904351. [PMID: 31793736 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological ion channels and ion pumps with intricate ion transport functions widely exist in living organisms and play irreplaceable roles in almost all physiological functions. Nanofluidics provides exciting opportunities to mimic these working processes, which not only helps understand ion transport in biological systems but also paves the way for the applications of artificial devices in many valuable areas. Recent progress in the engineering of smart nanofluidic systems for artificial ion channels and ion pumps is summarized. The artificial systems range from chemically and structurally diverse lipid-membrane-based nanopores to robust and scalable solid-state nanopores. A generic strategy of gate location design is proposed. The single-pore-based platform concept can be rationally extended into multichannel membrane systems and shows unprecedented potential in many application areas, such as single-molecule analysis, smart mass delivery, and energy conversion. Finally, some present underpinning issues that need to be addressed are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yongchao Qian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Weipeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Wendler F, Tom JC, Schacher FH. Synthesis and self-assembly of photoacid-containing block copolymers based on 1-naphthol. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01131e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoacids experience a strong increase in acidity when absorbing light and, hence, can be considered as molecular switches. The incorporation into amphiphilic block copolymers leads to novel stimuli-responsive materials with great potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wendler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University
- Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Jessica C. Tom
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University
- Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University
- Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
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