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Rheinlaender J, Schäffer TE. Measuring the Shape, Stiffness, and Interface Tension of Droplets with the Scanning Ion Conductance Microscope. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16257-16264. [PMID: 38868865 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Imaging and probing liquid-liquid interfaces at the micro- and nanoscale are of high relevance, for example, in materials science, surface chemistry, and microfluidics. However, existing imaging techniques are limited in resolution, average over large sample areas, or interact with the sample. Here, we present a method to quantify the shape, stiffness, and interface tension of liquid droplets with the scanning ion conductance microscope (SICM), providing submicrometer resolution and the ability to perform noncontact mechanical measurements. We show that we can accurately image the three-dimensional shape of micrometer-sized liquid droplets made of, for example, decane, hexane, or different oils. We then introduce numerical models to quantitatively obtain their stiffness and interface tension from SICM data. We verified our method by measuring the interface tension of decane droplets changing under the influence of surfactants at different concentrations. Finally, we use SICM to resolve the dissolution dynamics of decane droplets, showing that droplet shape exhibits different dissolution modes and stiffness continuously increases while the interface tension remains constant. We thereby demonstrate that SICM is a useful method to investigate liquid-liquid interfaces on the microscale with applications in materials or life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Rheinlaender
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Tilman E Schäffer
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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2
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Wang L, Li Z. Smart Nanostructured Materials for SARS-CoV-2 and Variants Prevention, Biosensing and Vaccination. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1129. [PMID: 36551096 PMCID: PMC9775677 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has raised great concerns about human health globally. At the current stage, prevention and vaccination are still the most efficient ways to slow down the pandemic and to treat SARS-CoV-2 in various aspects. In this review, we summarize current progress and research activities in developing smart nanostructured materials for COVID-19 prevention, sensing, and vaccination. A few established concepts to prevent the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 and the variants of concerns (VOCs) are firstly reviewed, which emphasizes the importance of smart nanostructures in cutting the virus spreading chains. In the second part, we focus our discussion on the development of stimuli-responsive nanostructures for high-performance biosensing and detection of SARS-CoV-2 and VOCs. The use of nanostructures in developing effective and reliable vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 and VOCs will be introduced in the following section. In the conclusion, we summarize the current research focus on smart nanostructured materials for SARS-CoV-2 treatment. Some existing challenges are also provided, which need continuous efforts in creating smart nanostructured materials for coronavirus biosensing, treatment, and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Wang
- Suzhou Ninth People’s Hospital, Suzhou Ninth Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA
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3
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Joseph J, Baby HM, Zhao S, Li X, Cheung K, Swain K, Agus E, Ranganathan S, Gao J, Luo JN, Joshi N. Role of bioaerosol in virus transmission and material-based countermeasures. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 2:20210038. [PMID: 37324804 PMCID: PMC10190935 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory pathogens transmit primarily through particles such as droplets and aerosols. Although often overlooked, the resuspension of settled droplets is also a key facilitator of disease transmission. In this review, we discuss the three main mechanisms of aerosol generation: direct generation such as coughing and sneezing, indirect generation such as medical procedures, and resuspension of settled droplets and aerosols. The size of particles and environmental factors influence their airborne lifetime and ability to cause infection. Specifically, humidity and temperature are key factors controlling the evaporation of suspended droplets, consequently affecting the duration in which particles remain airborne. We also suggest material-based approaches for effective prevention of disease transmission. These approaches include electrostatically charged virucidal agents and surface coatings, which have been shown to be highly effective in deactivating and reducing resuspension of pathogen-laden aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Joseph
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Helna Mary Baby
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Spencer Zhao
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Xiang‐Ling Li
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Krisco‐Cheuk Cheung
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kabir Swain
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Eli Agus
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sruthi Ranganathan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jingjing Gao
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - James N Luo
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of SurgeryBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nitin Joshi
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Zan R, Li Y, Tao S, Li G, Wu R, Liu D, Peng D, Liu Y, Fei L. Spray-Coated Superhydrophobic Overlayer with Photothermal and Electrothermal Functionalities for All-Weather De/anti-icing Applications. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:13584-13593. [PMID: 36301846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High-performance de/anti-icing overlayers which can be deposited on diverse surfaces offer great potential in many industrial settings and daily life, yet a versatile overlayer applicable to all-weather conditions (high humidity, low temperature, raining, snowing, etc.) is in high demand for practical applications. This study presents the fabrication and application of a superhydrophobic overlayer with a bioinspired hierarchical surface which additionally possesses photothermal and electrothermal functionalities, so it can operate as a de/anti-icing layer in extreme environments. The overlayer, with a papilla-like microstructure similar to that of a lotus leaf, features polydopamine-decorated layered basic zinc acetate microparticles distributed in the framework of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Specifically, the overlayer is superhydrophobic, and its capability of suppressing the condensation of water droplets and growth of ice crystals is verified by both in situ environmental scanning electron microscopy observations and freezing experiments. Moreover, the overlayer can be warmed up to 74 and 105 °C under the excitation of sunlight and direct current bias, respectively, which is sufficiently high for deicing in severe weather. It is worth mentioning that the overlayer is produced by a spray-coating technique; therefore, it is suitable for large-scale deployment on arbitrary substrate materials. The findings provide insights into a new strategy for engineering multifunctional overlayers and can lead to expanding applications of composite coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhao Zan
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Shuqiang Tao
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Guowei Li
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Ronghui Wu
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Dingjun Liu
- Institute of Advanced Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Donggen Peng
- School of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Advanced Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Lightweight and High Strength Structural Materials of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
| | - Linfeng Fei
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials, and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
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Wang X, Hu T, Hu B, Liu Y, Wang Y, He Y, Li Y, Cai K, Zhang X, Guo J. Imparting reusable and SARS-CoV-2 inhibition properties to standard masks through metal-organic nanocoatings. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128441. [PMID: 35219057 PMCID: PMC8821088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Face masks are effective response to address this havoc pandemic caused by respiratory infection virus, but they are lack of reusable, antibacterial, and antiviral abilities due to their simple filtration mechanism, bringing to a supply shortage and severe plastic pollution globally. Herein, we designed reusable, antiviral, and antibacterial masks (referred to as R2A masks) that transformed from commonly-used standard masks and household fabrics based on the polyphenol-based surface functionalization. R2A nanocoatings are mainly composed of supramolecular complexation of natural polyphenols and metal ions, possessing a high performance of antibacterial property and comprehensive recyclability. Interfacial interaction of R2A nanocoating can effectively capture the spreading of particulate matters and aerosols containing virus-mimic nanoparticles even after 10 recycles. Moreover, R2A masks exist antibacteria and antivirus for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Collectively, this simple functional enhancement of masks provides a sustainable and strategic preparation for combating the infectious respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wang
- BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Ting Hu
- BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Hubei CDC), Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Yan Liu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Yu Wang
- BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yunxiang He
- BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yan Li
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Kun Cai
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Hubei CDC), Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States; School of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States.
| | - Junling Guo
- BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China; Bioproducts Institute, Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chemistry, and Wood Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada..
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Kumar B, Chatterjee S, Agrawal A, Bhardwaj R. Evaluating a transparent coating on a face shield for repelling airborne respiratory droplets. PHYSICS OF FLUIDS (WOODBURY, N.Y. : 1994) 2021; 33:111705. [PMID: 34803361 PMCID: PMC8597715 DOI: 10.1063/5.0073724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A face shield is an important personal protective equipment to avoid the airborne transmission of COVID-19. We assess a transparent coating on a face shield that repels airborne respiratory droplets to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. The surface of the available face shield is hydrophilic and exhibits high contact angle hysteresis. The impacting droplets stick on it, resulting in an enhanced risk of fomite transmission of the disease. Further, it may get wetted in the rain, and moisture may condense on it in the presence of large humidity, which may blur the user's vision. Therefore, the present study aims to improve the effectiveness of a face shield. Our measurements demonstrate that the face shield, coated by silica nanoparticles solution, becomes superhydrophobic and results in a nominal hysteresis to the underlying surface. We employ high-speed visualization to record the impact dynamics of microliter droplets with a varying impact velocity and angle of attack on coated and non-coated surfaces. While the droplet on non-coated surface sticks to it, in the coated surface the droplets bounce off and roll down the surface, for a wide range of Weber number. We develop an analytical model and present a regime map of the bouncing and non-bouncing events, parametrized with respect to the wettability, hysteresis of the surface, and the Weber number. The present measurements provide the fundamental insights of the bouncing droplet impact dynamics and show that the coated face shield is potentially more effective in suppressing the airborne and fomite transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibek Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sanghamitro Chatterjee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Rajneesh Bhardwaj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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Surface coating captures droplets. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:516. [PMID: 37117586 PMCID: PMC8240612 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A polymer coating made from cosmetics-based ingredients can be applied to diverse surfaces to capture airborne droplets and mitigate the transmission of infectious respiratory diseases.
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