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Granados-Fernández R, Montiel MA, Arias AN, Fernández-Marchante CM, Lobato J, Rodrigo MA. Improving treatment of VOCs by integration of absorption columns into electrochemical cells using 3-D printing technology. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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2
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Carvela M, Lobato J, Rodrigo MA. Improving stability of chloralkaline high-temperature PBI-PEMFCs. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Carvela M, Mena IF, Raschitor A, Lobato J, Rodrigo MA. Towards the Electrochemical Retention of CO
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: Is it Worth it? ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mireya Carvela
- Chemical Engineering Department Enrique Costa Building, Av. Camilo Jose Cela 12 13004 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Ismael F. Mena
- Chemical Engineering Department Enrique Costa Building, Av. Camilo Jose Cela 12 13004 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Alexandra Raschitor
- Chemical Engineering Department Enrique Costa Building, Av. Camilo Jose Cela 12 13004 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Justo Lobato
- Chemical Engineering Department Enrique Costa Building, Av. Camilo Jose Cela 12 13004 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Manuel Andrés Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department Enrique Costa Building, Av. Camilo Jose Cela 12 13004 Ciudad Real Spain
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Fernández-Marchante CM, Souza FL, Millán M, Lobato J, Rodrigo MA. Improving sustainability of electrolytic wastewater treatment processes by green powering. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142230. [PMID: 33254883 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the evaluation of the impact of powering electrolytic wastewater treatment processes with grid or renewable energy on the sustainability of this electrochemical remediation technology. To face this goal, it was performed an inventory of three bench-scale plants made up by the same treatment technology but powered from different supplies: connected to grid and directly coupled with solar photovoltaic panels or a wind turbine. Results show that the powering mode can significantly affect the environmental risks of the treatment, not only in terms of electricity demand but also on the formation of intermediates, which are more important in the cases in which the intensity profile varied. A life cycle assessment (LCA) is carried out in order to quantify the environmental impacts of green powering electrolytic wastewater treatment processes. Ecoinvent 3.3 data base, AWARE, USEtox, IPPC and ReCiPe methodologies are used to quantify the environmental burden into 5 midpoint (water footprint, global warming 100a, ozone layer depletion, human toxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity) and 17 endpoint impact categories. All impact categories are higher in the case in which the supplied power cames from a electricity grid mix. For the removal of 0.1 g 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D) per liter (functional unit) of treated wastewater releases 0.14 kg CO2 eq. If the energy is provided by a wind turbine or a solar panel the processes emit 0.020 kg CO2 eq and 0.019 kg CO2 eq, respectively. A comparison of the impact based on the grid mix used in different countries is also made, which has pointed out the relevance of this input on the sustainability of the environmental electrochemical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Fernández-Marchante
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n. 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - F L Souza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n. 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M Millán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n. 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Lobato
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n. 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n. 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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7
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Shearing PR. Challenges and Opportunities in Electrochemical Technology. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2020.599973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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8
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Unprecedented reactive electro-mixing reactor: Towards synergy between micro- and macro-reactors? Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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9
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Carvela M, Lobato J, Rodrigo MA. Storage of energy using a gas-liquid H 2/Cl 2 fuel cell: A first approach to electrochemically-assisted absorbers. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126795. [PMID: 32334253 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the use in fuel cell mode of three electro-absorbers is evaluated for the chloralkaline process and performance is compared with that of a conventional PEMFC operated at the same operation conditions (room temperature). To do this, four cells have been in-house manufactured and compared, in order to determine which electrolyte (solution containing the active species or the membrane) is the best and which is the influence of the absorption stage on the operation of the cell. Because of the high solubility of chlorine, only the hydrogen absorption has been considered in order to evaluate relevant differences in the performance. Results demonstrate that design of the cell has a superb significance on the performances obtained. Cells with membrane-electrode assemblies are more efficient than those in which the membrane is used only as an electrodic compartment separator and utilization of devices which produce tiny bubbles of gas into the electrolyte is also very advantageous in order to obtain higher efficiencies. Results are of a great significance for the design of electro-absorbers and this paper is a first approach to face the design of reversible electrochemical cells for the chloralkaline process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carvela
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Chemical Engineering Department, Av. Camilo José Cela, 12, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Lobato
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Chemical Engineering Department, Av. Camilo José Cela, 12, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Chemical Engineering Department, Av. Camilo José Cela, 12, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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10
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Isidro J, Brackemeyer D, Sáez C, Llanos J, Lobato J, Cañizares P, Matthée T, Rodrigo MA. Testing the use of cells equipped with solid polymer electrolytes for electro-disinfection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 725:138379. [PMID: 32278177 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on disinfection of water using electrolysis with boron doped diamond (BDD) coatings and faces this challenge by comparing the performance of two different cells manufactured by CONDIAS GmbH (Izehoe, Germany): CONDIACELL® ECWP and CabECO cells. They are both equipped with diamond electrodes, but the mechanical design is completely different, varying not only by geometry but also by the flow conditions. ECWP is a flow-through cell with perforated electrodes while the CabECO cell is a zero-gap cell with a proton exchange membrane as a solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) separating the anode and cathode. At 0.02 Ah dm-3 both cells attain around 3-5 logs pathogen removal, but design and sizing parameters give an advantage to the CabECO: it can minimize the production of chlorates and perchlorates when operating in a single-pass mode, which becomes a really remarkable point. In this paper, we report tests in which we demonstrate this outstanding performance and we also explain the differences observed in the two cells operating with the same water.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Isidro
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - D Brackemeyer
- CONDIAS GmbH, Fraunhoferstraße 1b, 25524 Itzehoe, Germany
| | - C Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - J Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Lobato
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - T Matthée
- CONDIAS GmbH, Fraunhoferstraße 1b, 25524 Itzehoe, Germany
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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11
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Percin K, Zoellner O, Rall D, Wessling M. A Tubular Electrochemical Reactor for Slurry Electrodes. ChemElectroChem 2020; 7:2665-2671. [PMID: 32742913 PMCID: PMC7386916 DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The research on electrochemical reactors is mostly limited to planarly designed modules. In this study, we compare a tubular and a planar electrochemical reactor for the utilization of the slurry electrodes. Cylindrical formed geometries demonstrate a higher surface-to-volume ratio, which may be favorable in terms of current density and volumetric power density. A tubular shaped electrochemical reactor is designed with conductive static mixers to promote the slurry particle mixing, and the vanadium redox flow battery is selected as a showcase application. The new tubular design presents similar cell resistances to the previously designed planar battery and shows increased discharge polarization behavior up to 100 mA cm-2. The volumetric power density reaches up to 30 mW cm-3, which is two times higher than that of the planar one. The battery performance is further investigated and 85 % coulombic, 70 % voltage and 60 % energy efficiency is found at 15 mA cm-2 with 15 wt.% slurry content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korcan Percin
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 5052074AachenGermany
- RWTH Aachen UniversityAachener Verfahrenstechnik-Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstr. 5152074AachenGermany
| | - Oliver Zoellner
- RWTH Aachen UniversityAachener Verfahrenstechnik-Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstr. 5152074AachenGermany
| | - Deniz Rall
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive MaterialsForckenbeckstr. 5052074AachenGermany
- RWTH Aachen UniversityAachener Verfahrenstechnik-Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstr. 5152074AachenGermany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- RWTH Aachen UniversityAachener Verfahrenstechnik-Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstr. 5152074AachenGermany
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12
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Lara-Ramos J, Saez C, Machuca-Martínez F, Rodrigo M. Electro-ozonizers: A new approach for an old problem. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Ferreira MB, Muñoz-Morales M, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Martínez-Huitle CA, Rodrigo MA. Improving biotreatability of hazardous effluents combining ZVI, electrolysis and photolysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:136647. [PMID: 31955107 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, nine types of combination advanced oxidation processes/zero-valent iron (AOP-ZVI) were tested, in order to determine if any of these combinations demonstrate good chances as pretreatment for the biological degradation processes of organochlorinated pollutants. To do this, the changes undergone in the respirometric behavior, toxicity and short-term biodegradability were compared. The three AOPs studied were anodic oxidation with mixed metal oxides anodes (AO-MMO), with boron doped diamond anodes (AO-BDD) and photolysis and they were evaluated in three different modes: without any addition of ZVI, with ZVI-dehalogenation as pre-treatment and with ZVI-dehalogenation simultaneous to the AOP treatment. Clopyralid has been used as a model of chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutant. Results show that technologies proposed can successfully treat wastes polluted with clopyralid and the biological characteristics of the waste are significantly modified by dehalogenating the waste with ZVI, either previously to the treatment or simultaneously to the treatment, being the information provided by the three techniques very important in order to evaluate later combinations of the advanced oxidation technologies with biological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barbosa Ferreira
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario 3000, 59078-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - M Muñoz-Morales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C A Martínez-Huitle
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitario 3000, 59078-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Muñoz-Morales M, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Enhanced electrolytic treatment for the removal of clopyralid and lindane. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:132-138. [PMID: 31207419 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, it is evaluated the more critical point of a new electrochemical technology for the removal of organic pollutants based on the regeneration of granular active carbon (GAC) (that can be used efficiently to concentrate aqueous wastes) with methanol and in the electrochemical treatment of methanol with conductive diamond electrochemical oxidation (CDEO). The system proposed was studied with lindane and clopyralid. Results show that it is possible the complete removal of the raw pesticides and intermediates formed by electrolyzing these species in methanol media and that both sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide can be used as supporting electrolyte to increase the conductivity of methanol. The cell voltages obtained are quite similar to those obtained during the electrolysis of aqueous wastes. The electrolysis of these dilute solutions does not generate significant concentrations of intermediates and the depletion of the raw pollutant fits well to a pseudo-first order kinetic model. Oxidants capable to oxidize iodide to iodine are produced during the electrolysis in methanol media and they have an important influence on the degradation of the pollutants. The new technology, based on the concentration of the pollutant before electrolysis, allows to remove completely pollutants from soil and soil washing fluids in a more efficient way, although the concentration of pollutant attained and, hence, the efficiency of the overall removal process depends on the adsorption equilibria of the pollutant in aqueous and methanol media.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Muñoz-Morales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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15
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Improving Conductivity in Nano-Conduit Flows by Using Thermal Pulse-Induced Brownian Motion: A Spectral Impulse Intensity Approach. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9183889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inter-particle and particle-wall connectivity in suspension flow has profound effects on thermal and electrical conductivity. The spectral impulse generation and the imparting of kinetic energy on the particles is shown through a mathematical analysis to be effective as a means of achieving an approximate equivalent of a Langevin thermostat. However, with dilute suspensions, the quadratic form of the thermal pulse spectra is modified with a damping coefficient to achieve the desired Langevin value. With the dense suspension system, the relaxation time is calculated from the non-linear differential equation, and the fluid properties were supported by the viscosity coefficient. A “smoothed” pulse is used for each time-step of the flow simulation to take care of the near-neighbor interactions of the adjacent particles. An approximate optimal thermostat is achieved when the number of extra pulses introduced within each time step is found to be nearly equal to the co-ordination number of each particle within the assembly. Furthermore, the ratio of the particle kinetic energy and the thermal energy imparted is found to be never quite equal to unity, as they both depend upon the finite values of the pulse duration and the relaxation time.
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16
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Direct electrochemical oxidation of alcohols with hydrogen evolution in continuous-flow reactor. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2796. [PMID: 31243290 PMCID: PMC6594969 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10928-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol oxidation reactions are widely used for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones. The electrolysis of alcohols to carbonyl compounds have been underutilized owing to low efficiency. Herein, we report an electrochemical oxidation of various alcohols in a continuous-flow reactor without external oxidants, base or mediators. The robust electrochemical oxidation is performed for a variety of alcohols with good functional group tolerance, high efficiency and atom economy, whereas mechanistic studies support the benzylic radical intermediate formation and hydrogen evolution. The electrochemical oxidation proves viable on diols with excellent levels of selectivity for the benzylic position.
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17
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Mena IF, Cotillas S, Díaz E, Sáez C, Mohedano ÁF, Rodrigo MA. Sono- and photoelectrocatalytic processes for the removal of ionic liquids based on the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 372:77-84. [PMID: 29233584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, sono- and photoelectrolysis of synthetic wastewaters polluted with the ionic liquids 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (BmimAc) and chloride (BmimCl) were investigated with diamond anodes. The results were compared to those attained by enhancing bare electrolysis with irradiation by UV light or with the application of high-frequency ultrasound (US). Despite its complex heterocyclic structure, the Bmim+ cation was successfully depleted with the three technologies that were tested and was mainly transformed into four different organic intermediates, an inorganic nitrogen species and carbon dioxide. Regardless of the technology that was evaluated, removal of the heterocyclic ring is much less efficient (and much slower) than oxidation of the counter ion. In turn, the counter ion influences the rate of removal of the ionic liquid cation. Thus, the electrolysis and photoelectrolysis of BmimAc are much less efficient than sonoelectrolysis, but their differences become much less important in the case of BmimCl. In this later case, the most efficient technology is photoelectrolysis. This result is directly related to the generation of free radicals in the solution by irradiation of the electrochemical system with UV light, which contributes significantly to the removal of Bmim+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael F Mena
- Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Cotillas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida de España S/N, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Elena Díaz
- Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ángel F Mohedano
- Sección de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela 12, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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18
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Llanos J, Moraleda I, Sáez C, Rodrigo MA, Cañizares P. Electrochemical production of perchlorate as an alternative for the valorization of brines. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:637-643. [PMID: 30599321 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the valorization of brines, with concentrations similar to those produced by reverse osmosis or electrodialysis processes, by electrolysis with diamond anodes is evaluated. To do this, synthetic brines made from solutions of NaCl (with target concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 M and an additional test at 5.0 M) were used as the raw material for the electrochemical production of perchlorate using commercial electrochemical cells equipped with boron-doped diamond (BDD) anodes. The effect of key parameters on the rate and efficiency of perchlorate production was evaluated. The results show that it is possible to transform more than 80% of the initial chloride concentration into perchlorate, with current efficiencies higher than 70% regardless of the initial concentration of sodium chloride contained in the brine. Moreover, it was observed that both hypochlorite and chlorate were produced almost simultaneously at the beginning of electrolysis, while perchlorate was only produced when a certain value of applied electric charge was passed through the system. The results obtained were essentially independent of the concentration of NaCl, as the high concentrations used in this study avoided mass transfer limitations. Moreover, the specific energy cost of perchlorate production was estimated to range from 26.14 kWh kg-1 (for 2.0 M and 1000 A m-2) to 56.10 kWh kg-1 (for 1.0 M and 2000 A m-2). According to the results obtained, the electrochemical production of perchlorate by BDD electrochemical oxidation stands out as a promising novel technology for the valorization of the brine produced in reverse osmosis or electrodialysis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Moraleda
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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19
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Silva FL, Lanza MRV, Saez C, Rodrigo MA. Electrochemical dewatering for the removal of hazardous species from sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 233:768-773. [PMID: 30318156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the evaluation of the electrochemical dewatering of sludge polluted with model hazardous species. To do this, two sludge samples taken from the outlet of the anaerobic digesters of the municipal Wastewater Treatment Facility of Ciudad Real were polluted with herbicide clopyralid (CP) and with antibiotics amoxicillin (AMX) and ampicillin (AMP), respectively. These sludge samples underwent first dewatering by press filtration and then, the dewatering continued by the application of an electrochemically assisted driven process with increasing electric fields (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 V cm-1). Results demonstrate that the electrochemically-assisted process can help to exhaust the pollutant adsorbed onto the sludge and attain a supplemental removal (up to 15%) of water in both cases. This is a highly important result, because it can help to develop technologies for sludge treatment that avoid the diffusion of hazardous pollution during the land application of the sludge. No reactivity of the pollutants was observed during the tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L Silva
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - M R V Lanza
- Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, P.O. Box 780, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - C Saez
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Operating the CabECO® membrane electrolytic technology in continuous mode for the direct disinfection of highly fecal-polluted water. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Cruz C, Cisternas LA, Kraslawski A. Scaling problems and control technologies in industrial operations: Technology assessment. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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22
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Experimental Studies on Corrosion Behavior of Ceramic Surface Coating using Different Deposition Techniques on 6082-T6 Aluminum Alloy. Processes (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/pr6120240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum alloys cannot be used in aggressive corrosion environments application. In this paper, three different surface coating technologies were used to coat the 6082-T6 aluminum alloy to increase the corrosion resistance, namely Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO), Plasma Spray Ceramic (PSC) and Hard Anodizing (HA). The cross-sectional microstructure analysis revealed that HA coating was less uniform compared to other coatings. PEO coating was well adhered to the substrate despite the thinnest layer among all three coatings, while the PSC coating has an additional loose layer between the coat and the substrate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed crystalline alumina phases in PEO and PSC coatings while no phase was detected in HA other than an aluminum element. A series of electrochemistry experiments were used to evaluate the corrosion performances of these three types of coatings. Generally, all three-coated aluminum showed better corrosion performances. PEO coating has no charge transfer under all Inductive Coupled Plasma (ICP) tests, while small amounts of Al3+ were released for both HA and PSC coatings at 80 °C. The PEO coating showed the lowest corrosion current density followed by HA and then PSC coatings. The impedance resistance decreased as the immersion time increased, which indicated that this is due to the degradation and deterioration of the protective coatings. The results indicate that the PEO coating can offer the most effective protection to the aluminum substrate as it has the highest enhancement factor under electrochemistry tests compared to the other two coatings.
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23
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Competitive Anodic Oxidation of Methyl Paraben and Propylene Glycol: Keys to Understand the Process. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Rodrigo S, Saez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Reversible electrokinetic adsorption barriers for the removal of organochlorine herbicide from spiked soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:629-636. [PMID: 29870938 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to describe the removal of clopyralid from clay soils using electrokinetically assisted soil flushing (EKSF) coupled with a permeable reactive barrier (PRB), consisting of beds of Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC). To do this, two strategies have been evaluated on bench-scale electroremediation facilities (175 dm3): electrokinetic adsorption barrier (EKAB) and reversible electrokinetic adsorption barrier (REKAB). Likewise, to clarify the contribution of the different mechanisms to remediation process results are compared to those obtained in a reference test (without applying an electric field) and to results obtained in the EKSF of soils polluted with compounds with different polarity and vapour pressure. Results show that during EKAB and REKAB tests, clopyralid is removed from the soil by adsorption in PRB, electrokinetic transport and, very less decisively, by evaporation. The application of polarity reversion attains a higher retention of clopyralid in the activated carbon-PRB and a better regulation of pH because of the neutralization of H+ and OH- generated in the electrolyte wells. After 30 days of operation, the removal of clopyralid by EKAB is 45% while it reaches 57% in the case of REKAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Saez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - P Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto de Tecnologías Química y Medioambiental, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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25
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Isidro J, Llanos J, Sáez C, Lobato J, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Pre-disinfection columns to improve the performance of the direct electro-disinfection of highly faecal-polluted surface water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 222:135-140. [PMID: 29807263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the design and evaluation of a new concept of pre-disinfection treatment that is especially suited for highly polluted surface water and is based on the combination of coagulation-flocculation, lamellar sedimentation and filtration into a single-column unit, in which the interconnection between treatments is an important part of the overall process. The new system, the so-called PREDICO (PRE-DIsinfection Column) system, was built with low-cost consumables from hardware stores (in order to promote in-house construction of the system in poor countries) and was tested with a mixture of 20% raw wastewater and 80% surface water (in order to simulate an extremely bad situation). The results confirmed that the PREDICO system helps to avoid fouling in later electro-disinfection processes and attains a remarkable degree of disinfection (3-4 log units), which supplements the removal of pathogens attained by the electrolytic cell (more than 4 log units). The most important sizing parameters for the PREDICO system are the surface loading rate (SLR) and the hydraulic residence time (HRT); SLR values under 20 cm min-1 and HRT values over 13.6 min in the PREDICO system are suitable to warrant efficient performance of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Isidro
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - C Sáez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J Lobato
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Vicari F, Asensio Y, Fernandez-Marchante CM, Lobato J, Cañizares P, Scialdone O, Rodrigo MA. Influence of the initial sludge characteristics and acclimation on the long-term performance of double-compartment acetate-fed microbial fuel cells. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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de Araújo DM, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA, Martínez-Huitle CA. Improving the catalytic effect of peroxodisulfate and peroxodiphosphate electrochemically generated at diamond electrode by activation with light irradiation. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 207:774-780. [PMID: 29859489 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Boron doped diamond (BDD) anode has been used to oxidatively remove Rhodamine B (RhB), as persistent organic pollutant, from synthetic wastewater by electrolysis, photoelectrolysis and chemical oxidation containing sulfate and phosphate as supporting electrolytes. RhB is effectively oxidized by electrolysis and by chemical oxidation with the oxidants separately produced by electrolyzing sulfate or phosphate solutions (peroxodisulfate and peroxodiphosphate, respectively). The results showed that light irradiation improved the electrolysis of RhB due to the activation of oxidants under irradiation at high current densities. Meanwhile, the efficiency of the chemical oxidation approach by ex situ electrochemical production of oxidants was not efficient to degrade RhB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyelle Medeiros de Araújo
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte, Povoado Base Física, Zona Rural, CEP 59508-0, Ipanguaçu, RN, Brazil
| | - Cristina Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel Andrés Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carlos A Martínez-Huitle
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova CEP, 59078-970, Natal, RN, Brazil; National Institute for Alternative Technologies of Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactives (INCT-DATREM), Institute of Chemistry, Unesp, P.O. Box 355, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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28
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Walsh FC, Ponce de León C. Progress in electrochemical flow reactors for laboratory and pilot scale processing. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Rodríguez M, Muñoz-Morales M, Perez JF, Saez C, Cañizares P, Barrera-Díaz CE, Rodrigo MA. Toward the Development of Efficient Electro-Fenton Reactors for Soil Washing Wastes through Microfluidic Cells. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Rodríguez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón
intersección Paseo Tollocan S/N, C.P. Toluca, Estado de México 50120, México
| | - M. Muñoz-Morales
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | - J. F. Perez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | - C. Saez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | - P. Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
| | - C. E. Barrera-Díaz
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón
intersección Paseo Tollocan S/N, C.P. Toluca, Estado de México 50120, México
| | - M. A. Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, Ciudad Real, 13005, Spain
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30
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Cotillas S, Clematis D, Cañizares P, Carpanese MP, Rodrigo MA, Panizza M. Degradation of dye Procion Red MX-5B by electrolytic and electro-irradiated technologies using diamond electrodes. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 199:445-452. [PMID: 29453071 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This work focuses on the treatment of synthetic wastewater polluted with dye Procion Red MX-5B by different Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes (EAOP) based on diamond anodes. The influence of the current density and the supporting electrolyte has been studied on dye removal and total mineralization of the organic matter. Results show that electrolysis with diamond electrodes is a suitable technology for an efficient degradation of dye. Nonetheless, the process efficiency increases when using chloride as supporting electrolyte because of the electrochemical generation of hypochlorite in wastewater which significantly contribute to dye removal. On the contrary, the total mineralization of the organic matter is more efficient in sulfate media. In this case, large amounts of peroxodisulfate are electrogenerated, favoring the complete removal of total organic carbon (TOC). On the other hand, lower current densities (10 mA cm-2) lead to a more efficient removal of both dye and TOC due to the mass transfer limitations of the technology. Finally, the coupling of UV light irradiation or ultrasound to electrolysis significantly improves the process performance, being photoelectrolysis the most efficient technology for the treatment of wastewater polluted with Procion Red MX-5B. This fact is due to the potential production of free chlorine or sulfate radicals that takes place by the activation of the electrogenerated oxidants. These species are more reactive than oxidants and, therefore, they quickly attack the organic matter present in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Cotillas
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Davide Clematis
- University of Genoa, Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, P.le J.F. Kennedy 1, Genova, 16129, Italy
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Maria Paola Carpanese
- University of Genoa, Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, P.le J.F. Kennedy 1, Genova, 16129, Italy
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13005, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Marco Panizza
- University of Genoa, Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, P.le J.F. Kennedy 1, Genova, 16129, Italy.
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31
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Muñoz-Morales M, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo M. A new strategy for the electrolytic removal of organics based on adsorption onto granular activated carbon. Electrochem commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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32
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Fernández-Marchante CM, Asensio Y, León LF, Villaseñor J, Cañizares P, Lobato J, Rodrigo MA. Thermally-treated algal suspensions as fuel for microbial fuel cells. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Herrada RA, Acosta-Santoyo G, Sepúlveda-Guzmán S, Brillas E, Sirés I, Bustos E. IrO2-Ta2O5|Ti electrodes prepared by electrodeposition from different Ir:Ta ratios for the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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34
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Mishra N, Reddy R, Kuila A, Rani A, Nawaz A, Pichiah S. A Review on Advanced Oxidation Processes for Effective Water Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.12944/cwe.12.3.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as fenton, ozonation, sonolysis, photocatalysis, UV photolysis, and wet air oxidation are one amongst the most suitable techniques for water and wastewater treatment. These, AOPs have also been chosen for the complete degradation of various categories of emerging pollutants that could not be managed by any conventional technologies. The mineralization is achieved by chemical reactions between the various reacting species generated and the pollutants. The present article provides a vivid view of the mechanistic features of various AOPs and its possible synergisation for process enhancement to achieve better treatment efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalendu Mishra
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004 Jharkhand India
| | - Rajesh Reddy
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004 Jharkhand India
| | - Aneek Kuila
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004 Jharkhand India
| | - Ankita Rani
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004 Jharkhand India
| | - Ahmad Nawaz
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004 Jharkhand India
| | - Saravanan Pichiah
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004 Jharkhand India
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35
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Cotillas S, Cañizares L, Muñoz M, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Is it really important the addition of salts for the electrolysis of soil washing effluents? Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Asensio Y, Mansilla E, Fernandez-Marchante CM, Lobato J, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Towards the scale-up of bioelectrogenic technology: stacking microbial fuel cells to produce larger amounts of electricity. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-017-1101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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Dewil R, Mantzavinos D, Poulios I, Rodrigo MA. New perspectives for Advanced Oxidation Processes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 195:93-99. [PMID: 28456288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) are called to fill the gap between the treatability attained by conventional physico-chemical and biological treatments and the day-to-day more exigent limits fixed by environmental regulations. They are particularly important for the removal of anthropogenic pollutants and for this reason, they have been widely investigated in the last decades and even applied in the treatment of many industrial wastewater flows. However, despite the great development reached, AOPs cannot be considered mature yet and there are many new fields worthy of research. Some of them are going to be briefly introduced in this paper, including hybrid processes, heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalysis, sulphate-radical oxidation and electrochemical advanced oxidation for water/wastewater treatment. Moreover, the use of photoelectrochemical processes for energy production is discussed. The work ends with some perspectives that can be of interest for the ongoing and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raf Dewil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, J. De Nayerlaan 5, B-2860 Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Dionissios Mantzavinos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Ioannis Poulios
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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Souza F, Sáez C, Lanza M, Cañizares P, Rodrigo M. Removal of chlorsulfuron and 2,4-D from spiked soil using reversible electrokinetic adsorption barriers. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Maarof HI, Daud WMAW, Aroua MK. Recent trends in removal and recovery of heavy metals from wastewater by electrochemical technologies. REV CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2016-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHeavy metal-laden water and wastewater pose a threat to biodiversity, including human health. Contaminated wastewater can be treated with several separation and purification methods. Among them, electrochemical treatment is a notable clean technology, versatile and environmentally compatible for the removal and recovery of inorganic pollutants from water and wastewater. Electrochemical technology provides solution for the recovery of metals in their most valuable state. This paper analyses the most recent electrochemical approaches for the removal and recovery of metal ions. Various current works involving cell design and electrode development were addressed in distinguished electrochemical processes, namely, electrodeposition, electrocoagulation, electroflotation, and electrosorption. Cathodic reduction of metal ions has been proven in result to metal deposit on the metal, metal oxide, stainless steel, and graphite electrode. However, little progress has been made toward electrode modification, particularly the cathode for the purpose of cathodic reduction and deposition. Meanwhile, emerging advanced materials, such as ionic liquids, have been presented to be prominent to the technological advancement of electrode modifications. It has been projected that by integrating different priorities into the design approach for electrochemical reactors and recent electrode developments, several insights can be obtained that will contribute toward the enhancement of the electrochemical process performance for the effective removal and recovery of heavy metals from water and wastewater in the near future.
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Asensio Y, Montes I, Fernandez-Marchante C, Lobato J, Cañizares P, Rodrigo M. Selection of cheap electrodes for two-compartment microbial fuel cells. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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41
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Rubí-Juárez H, Cotillas S, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Barrera-Díaz C, Rodrigo MA. Use of conductive diamond photo-electrochemical oxidation for the removal of pesticide glyphosate. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Dos Santos EV, Sáez C, Martínez-Huitle CA, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Combined soil washing and CDEO for the removal of atrazine from soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 300:129-134. [PMID: 26164070 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, it is studied the removal of atrazine from spiked soils by soil washing using surfactant fluids, followed by the treatment of the resulting washing waste by electrolysis with boron doped diamond (BDD) anode. Results confirm that combination of both technologies is efficient for the removal and total mineralization of atrazine. Ratio surfactant/soil is a key parameter for the removal of atrazine from soil and influences significantly in the characteristic of the wastewater produced, affecting not only to the total organic load but also to the mean size of micelles. The higher the ratio surfactant soil, the lower is the size of the particles. Electrolyses of this type of waste attain the complete mineralization. TOC and COD are removed from the start of the treatment but the key of the treatment is the reduction in size of the micelles, which lead to a higher negative charge in the surface and to the faster depletion of the surfactant as compared with the pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisama Vieira Dos Santos
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Lagoa Nova CEP 59078-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Cristina Sáez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Enrique Costa Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Cañizares
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Enrique Costa Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel Andres Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Enrique Costa Building, Campus Universitario s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Martínez-Huitle CA, Rodrigo MA, Sirés I, Scialdone O. Single and Coupled Electrochemical Processes and Reactors for the Abatement of Organic Water Pollutants: A Critical Review. Chem Rev 2015; 115:13362-407. [PMID: 26654466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 772] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Traditional physicochemical and biological techniques, as well as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), are often inadequate, ineffective, or expensive for industrial water reclamation. Within this context, the electrochemical technologies have found a niche where they can become dominant in the near future, especially for the abatement of biorefractory substances. In this critical review, some of the most promising electrochemical tools for the treatment of wastewater contaminated by organic pollutants are discussed in detail with the following goals: (1) to present the fundamental aspects of the selected processes; (2) to discuss the effect of both the main operating parameters and the reactor design on their performance; (3) to critically evaluate their advantages and disadvantages; and (4) to forecast the prospect of their utilization on an applicable scale by identifying the key points to be further investigated. The review is focused on the direct electrochemical oxidation, the indirect electrochemical oxidation mediated by electrogenerated active chlorine, and the coupling between anodic and cathodic processes. The last part of the review is devoted to the critical assessment of the reactors that can be used to put these technologies into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Martínez-Huitle
- Instituto de Química, Campus Universitário, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Av. Salgado Filho 3000 Campus Universitário Lagoa-Nova CEP 59078-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Sciences & Technologies, Ciudad Real, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha , Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - Ignasi Sirés
- Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient, Departament de Química Física, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Onofrio Scialdone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Gestionale, Informatica, Meccanica, Università degli Studi di Palermo , Palermo 90128, Italy
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Llanos J, Cotillas S, Cañizares P, Rodrigo MA. Conductive diamond sono-electrochemical disinfection (CDSED) for municipal wastewater reclamation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 22:493-8. [PMID: 24882590 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the disinfection of actual effluents from a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) by a conductive diamond sono-electrochemical process was assessed. First, efficiency of single electrodisinfection process with diamond anodes (without the contribution of ultrasounds) was studied, finding that the total disinfection can be attained at current charges applied below 0.02kAhm(-3). It was also found that the main disinfection mechanism is the attack of Escherichia coli (E. coli) by the disinfectants produced in the electrochemical cell and that the production of chlorates is avoided when working at current densities not higher than 1.27Am(-2). Next, a marked synergistic effect was found when coupling ultrasound (US) irradiation to the electrochemical system (sono-electrochemical disinfection). This increase in the disinfection rate was found to be related to the suppression of the agglomeration of E. coli cells and the enhancement in the production of disinfectant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Llanos
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Salvador Cotillas
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pablo Cañizares
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Manuel A Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
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Raschitor A, Fernandez CM, Cretescu I, Rodrigo MA, Cañizares P. Sono-electrocoagulation of wastewater polluted with Rhodamine 6G. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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