1
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Wegner CH, Eming SM, Walla B, Bischoff D, Weuster-Botz D, Hubbuch J. Spectroscopic insights into multi-phase protein crystallization in complex lysate using Raman spectroscopy and a particle-free bypass. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1397465. [PMID: 38812919 PMCID: PMC11133712 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1397465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein crystallization as opposed to well-established chromatography processes has the benefits to reduce production costs while reaching a comparable high purity. However, monitoring crystallization processes remains a challenge as the produced crystals may interfere with analytical measurements. Especially for capturing proteins from complex feedstock containing various impurities, establishing reliable process analytical technology (PAT) to monitor protein crystallization processes can be complicated. In heterogeneous mixtures, important product characteristics can be found by multivariate analysis and chemometrics, thus contributing to the development of a thorough process understanding. In this project, an analytical set-up is established combining offline analytics, on-line ultraviolet visible light (UV/Vis) spectroscopy, and in-line Raman spectroscopy to monitor a stirred-batch crystallization process with multiple phases and species being present. As an example process, the enzyme Lactobacillus kefir alcohol dehydrogenase (LkADH) was crystallized from clarified Escherichia coli (E. coli) lysate on a 300 mL scale in five distinct experiments, with the experimental conditions changing in terms of the initial lysate solution preparation method and precipitant concentration. Since UV/Vis spectroscopy is sensitive to particles, a cross-flow filtration (cross-flow filtration)-based bypass enabled the on-line analysis of the liquid phase providing information on the lysate composition regarding the nucleic acid to protein ratio. A principal component analysis (PCA) of in situ Raman spectra supported the identification of spectra and wavenumber ranges associated with productspecific information and revealed that the experiments followed a comparable, spectral trend when crystals were present. Based on preprocessed Raman spectra, a partial least squares (PLS) regression model was optimized to monitor the target molecule concentration in real-time. The off-line sample analysis provided information on the crystal number and crystal geometry by automated image analysis as well as the concentration of LkADH and host cell proteins (HCPs) In spite of a complex lysate suspension containing scattering crystals and various impurities, it was possible to monitor the target molecule concentration in a heterogeneous, multi-phase process using spectroscopic methods. With the presented analytical set-up of off-line, particle-sensitive on-line, and in-line analyzers, a crystallization capture process can be characterized better in terms of the geometry, yield, and purity of the crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Henriette Wegner
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sebastian Mathis Eming
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Brigitte Walla
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Daniel Bischoff
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
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2
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Liu Q, Wu C, Liu H, Wang M, Zhao C, Zhang F. Real-Time Monitoring of Multistep Batch and Flow Synthesis Processes of a Key Intermediate of Lifitegrast by a Combined Spectrometer System with Both Near-Infrared and Raman Spectroscopies Coupled to Partial Least-Squares. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20214-20222. [PMID: 38737057 PMCID: PMC11079892 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Process analytical technology (PAT) has been successfully applied in numerous chemical synthesis cases and is an important tool in pharmaceutical process research and development. PAT brings new methods and opportunities for the real-time monitoring of chemical processes. In multistep synthesis, real-time monitoring of the complex reaction mixtures is a significant challenge but provides an opportunity to enhance reaction understanding and control. In this study, a combined multichannel spectrometer system with both near-infrared and Raman spectroscopy was built, and calibration models were developed to quantify the desired products, intermediates, and impurities in real-time at multiple points along the synthetic pathway. The capabilities of the system have been demonstrated by operating dynamic experiments in both batch and continuous-flow processes. It represents a significant step forward in data-driven, multistep pharmaceutical ingredient synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- School
of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, Minhang District, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanjun Wu
- Shanghai
Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China
State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Pudong District, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - Huiting Liu
- Shanghai
PROXS Chemical Technology Co. Ltd., Pudong District, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - Mengfei Wang
- Shanghai
Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China
State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Pudong District, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanmeng Zhao
- Shanghai
Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China
State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Pudong District, 201203 Shanghai, China
| | - Fuli Zhang
- Shanghai
Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China
State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Pudong District, 201203 Shanghai, China
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3
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Prasad R, Crouse SH, Rousseau RW, Grover MA. Quantifying Dense Multicomponent Slurries with In-Line ATR-FTIR and Raman Spectroscopies: A Hanford Case Study. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023; 62:15962-15973. [PMID: 37810994 PMCID: PMC10557100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.3c01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The multiphase nature of slurries can make them difficult to process and monitor in real time. For example, the nuclear waste slurries present at the Hanford site in Washington State are multicomponent, multiphase, and inhomogeneous. Current analytical techniques for analyzing radioactive waste at Hanford rely on laboratory results from an on-site analytical laboratory, which can delay processing speed and create exposure risks for workers. However, in-line probes can provide an alternative route to collect the necessary composition information. In the present work, Raman spectroscopy and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy are tested on simulants of nuclear waste slurries containing up to 23.2 wt % solids. We observe ATR-FTIR spectroscopy to be effective in measuring the solution phase of the studied slurry systems (3.52% mean percent error), while Raman spectroscopy provides information about the suspended solids in the slurry system (18.21% mean percent error). In-line measurement of multicomponent solids typical of nuclear waste processing has been previously unreported. The composition of both the solution and solid phases is vital in ensuring stable glass formulation and effective disposal of nuclear waste at Hanford. Raman and ATR-FTIR spectroscopies can provide a safer and faster alternative for acquiring compositional information on nuclear waste slurries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronald W. Rousseau
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Martha A. Grover
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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4
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Elderderi S, Bonnier F, Perse X, Byrne HJ, Yvergnaux F, Chourpa I, Elbashir AA, Munnier E. Label-Free Quantification of Nanoencapsulated Piperonyl Esters in Cosmetic Hydrogels Using Raman Spectroscopy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1571. [PMID: 37376021 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a well-established technique for the molecular characterisation of samples and does not require extensive pre-analytical processing for complex cosmetic products. As an illustration of its potential, this study investigates the quantitative performance of Raman spectroscopy coupled with partial least squares regression (PLSR) for the analysis of Alginate nanoencapsulated Piperonyl Esters (ANC-PE) incorporated into a hydrogel. A total of 96 ANC-PE samples covering a 0.4% w/w-8.3% w/w PE concentration range have been prepared and analysed. Despite the complex formulation of the sample, the spectral features of the PE can be detected and used to quantify the concentrations. Using a leave-K-out cross-validation approach, samples were divided into a training set (n = 64) and a test set, samples that were previously unknown to the PLSR model (n = 32). The root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) and prediction (RMSEP) was evaluated to be 0.142% (w/w PE) and 0.148% (w/w PE), respectively. The accuracy of the prediction model was further evaluated by the percent relative error calculated from the predicted concentration compared to the true value, yielding values of 3.58% for the training set and 3.67% for the test set. The outcome of the analysis demonstrated the analytical power of Raman to obtain label-free, non-destructive quantification of the active cosmetic ingredient, presently PE, in complex formulations, holding promise for future analytical quality control (AQC) applications in the cosmetics industry with rapid and consumable-free analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suha Elderderi
- EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, P.O. Box 20, Wad Madani 21111, Sudan
| | - Franck Bonnier
- LVMH Recherche, 185 Avenue de Verdun, 45804 Saint Jean de Braye, France
| | - Xavier Perse
- EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Hugh J Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, TU Dublin, City Campus, Camden Row, D08 CKP1 Dublin 8, Ireland
| | | | - Igor Chourpa
- EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Abdalla A Elbashir
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, Khartoum 11115, Sudan
| | - Emilie Munnier
- EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
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5
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Developing In Situ Chemometric Models with Raman Spectroscopy for Monitoring an API Disproportionation with a Complex Polymorphic Landscape. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/ph16020327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An in situ Raman method was developed to characterize the disproportionation of two salts involving a complex polymorphic landscape comprising up to two metastable and one stable freebase forms. Few precedents exist for Raman calibration procedures for solid form quantitation involving more than two polymorphs, while no literature examples were found for cases with multiple metastable forms. Therefore, a new Raman calibration procedure was proposed by directly using disproportionation experiments to generate multiple calibration samples encompassing a range of polymorph ratios through in-line Raman measurements complemented by off-line reference X-ray diffraction measurements. The developed Raman methods were capable of accurately quantitating each solid form in situ when solid concentration variation was incorporated into the calibration dataset. The kinetic understanding of the thermodynamically driven polymorphic conversions gained from this Raman method guided the selection of the salt best suited for the delivery of the active ingredient in the drug product. This work provided a spectroscopic and mathematical approach for simultaneously quantitating multiple polymorphs from a complex mixture of solids with the objective of real-time monitoring.
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Charpentier MD, Venkatramanan R, Rougeot C, Leyssens T, Johnston K, ter Horst JH. Multicomponent Chiral Quantification with Ultraviolet Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy: Ternary and Quaternary Phase Diagrams of Levetiracetam. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:616-629. [PMID: 36468979 PMCID: PMC9811458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Chiral molecules are challenging for the pharmaceutical industry because although physical properties of the enantiomers are the same in achiral systems, they exhibit different effects in chiral systems, such as the human body. The separation of enantiomers is desired but complex, as enantiomers crystallize most often as racemic compounds. A technique to enable the chiral separation of racemic compounds is to create an asymmetry in the thermodynamic system by generating chiral cocrystal(s) using a chiral coformer and using the solubility differences to enable separation through crystallization from solution. However, such quaternary systems are complex and require analytical methods to quantify different chiral molecules in solution. Here, we develop a new chiral quantification method using ultraviolet-circular dichroism spectroscopy and multivariate partial least squares calibration models, to build multicomponent chiral phase diagrams. Working on the quaternary system of (R)- and (S)-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)butanamide enantiomers with (S)-mandelic acid in acetonitrile, we measure accurately the full quaternary phase diagram for the first time. By understanding the phase stabilities of the racemic compound and the enantiospecific cocrystal, the chiral resolution of levetiracetam could be designed due to a large asymmetry in overall solubility between both sides of the racemic composition. This new method offers improvements for chiral molecule quantification in complex multicomponent chiral systems and can be applied to other chiral spectroscopy techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime D. Charpentier
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallization (CMAC), University of Strathclyde,
Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, GlasgowG1 1RD, U.K.,
| | - Raghunath Venkatramanan
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallization (CMAC), University of Strathclyde,
Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, GlasgowG1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Céline Rougeot
- UCB
Pharma SA, chemin du Foriest, 1420 Braine-L’Alleud, Brussels1070, Belgium
| | - Tom Leyssens
- Institute
of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, UCLouvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, Brussels1070, Belgium
| | - Karen Johnston
- Department
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University
of Strathclyde, James Weir Building, 75 Montrose Street, GlasgowG1 1XJ, U.K.
| | - Joop H. ter Horst
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallization (CMAC), University of Strathclyde,
Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, GlasgowG1 1RD, U.K.,Laboratoire
Sciences et Méthodes Séparatives (SMS), Univ Rouen Normandie, UR 3233, F-76000Rouen, France
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7
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Wegner CH, Hubbuch J. Calibration-free PAT: Locating selective crystallization or precipitation sweet spot in screenings with multi-way PARAFAC models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1051129. [PMID: 36588941 PMCID: PMC9797130 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1051129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
When developping selective crystallization or precipitation processes, biopharmaceutical modalities require empirical screenings and analytics tailored to the specific needs of the target molecule. The multi-way chemometric approach called parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) coupled with ultraviolet visible light (UV/Vis) spectroscopy is able to predict specific concentrations and spectra from highly structured data sets without the need for calibration samples and reference analytics. These calculated models can provide exploratory information on pure species spectra and concentrations in all analyzed samples by representing one model component with one species. In this work, protein mixtures, monoclonal antibodies, and virus-like particles in chemically defined and complex solutions were investigated in three high-throughput crystallization or precipitation screenings with the aim to construct one PARAFAC model per case. Spectroscopic data sets of samples after the selective crystallization or precipitation, washing, and redissolution were recorded and arranged into a four-dimensional data set per case study. Different reference analytics and pure species spectra served as validation. Appropriate spectral preprocessing parameters were found for all case studies allowing even the application of this approach to the third case study in which quantitative concentration analytics are missing. Regardless of the modality or the number of species present in complex solutions, all models were able to estimate the specific concentration and find the optimal process condition regarding yield and product purity. It was shown that in complex solutions, species demonstrating similar phase behavior can be clustered as one component and described in the model. PARAFAC as a calibration-free approach coupled with UV/Vis spectroscopy provides a fast overview of species present in complex solution and of their concentration during selective crystallization or precipitation, washing, and redissolution.
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8
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Wu WL, Chappelow C, Hanspal N, Larsen P, Patton J, Shinkle A, Nagy ZK. Implementation and Application of Image Analysis-Based Turbidity Direct Nucleation Control for Rapid Agrochemical Crystallization Process Design and Scale-Up. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lee Wu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Navraj Hanspal
- Corteva Agriscience, 3100 James Savage Road, Midland, Michigan 48642, United States
| | - Paul Larsen
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, United States
| | - Jasson Patton
- Corteva Agriscience, 3100 James Savage Road, Midland, Michigan 48642, United States
| | - Aaron Shinkle
- Corteva Agriscience, 3100 James Savage Road, Midland, Michigan 48642, United States
| | - Zoltan K. Nagy
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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9
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Su X, Wang Y, Mao J, Chen Y, Yin AT, Zhao B, Zhang H, Liu M. A Review of Pharmaceutical Robot based on Hyperspectral Technology. J INTELL ROBOT SYST 2022; 105:75. [PMID: 35909703 PMCID: PMC9306415 DOI: 10.1007/s10846-022-01602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The quality and safety of medicinal products are related to patients’ lives and health. Therefore, quality inspection takes a key role in the pharmaceutical industry. Most of the previous solutions are based on machine vision, however, their performance is limited by the RGB sensor. The pharmaceutical visual inspection robot combined with hyperspectral imaging technology is becoming a new trend in the high-end medical quality inspection process since the hyperspectral data can provide spectral information with spatial knowledge. Yet, there is no comprehensive review about hyperspectral imaging-based medicinal products inspection. This paper focuses on the pivotal pharmaceutical applications, including counterfeit drugs detection, active component analysis of tables, and quality testing of herbal medicines and other medical materials. We discuss the technology and hardware of Raman spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging, firstly. Furthermore, we review these technologies in pharmaceutical scenarios. Finally, the development tendency and prospect of hyperspectral imaging technology-based robots in the field of pharmaceutical quality inspection is summarized.
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10
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Xiouras C, Cameli F, Quilló GL, Kavousanakis ME, Vlachos DG, Stefanidis GD. Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Algorithms to Crystallization. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13006-13042. [PMID: 35759465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence and specifically machine learning applications are nowadays used in a variety of scientific applications and cutting-edge technologies, where they have a transformative impact. Such an assembly of statistical and linear algebra methods making use of large data sets is becoming more and more integrated into chemistry and crystallization research workflows. This review aims to present, for the first time, a holistic overview of machine learning and cheminformatics applications as a novel, powerful means to accelerate the discovery of new crystal structures, predict key properties of organic crystalline materials, simulate, understand, and control the dynamics of complex crystallization process systems, as well as contribute to high throughput automation of chemical process development involving crystalline materials. We critically review the advances in these new, rapidly emerging research areas, raising awareness in issues such as the bridging of machine learning models with first-principles mechanistic models, data set size, structure, and quality, as well as the selection of appropriate descriptors. At the same time, we propose future research at the interface of applied mathematics, chemistry, and crystallography. Overall, this review aims to increase the adoption of such methods and tools by chemists and scientists across industry and academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Xiouras
- Chemical Process R&D, Crystallization Technology Unit, Janssen R&D, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Fabio Cameli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Gustavo Lunardon Quilló
- Chemical Process R&D, Crystallization Technology Unit, Janssen R&D, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.,Chemical and BioProcess Technology and Control, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, KU Leuven, Gebroeders de Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mihail E Kavousanakis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Zografou, Greece
| | - Dionisios G Vlachos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Georgios D Stefanidis
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Heroon Polytechniou 9, 15780 Zografou, Greece.,Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University; Tech Lane Ghent Science Park 125, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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11
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12
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An Ultrasound Tomography Method for Monitoring CO 2 Capture Process Involving Stirring and CaCO 3 Precipitation. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21216995. [PMID: 34770301 PMCID: PMC8587525 DOI: 10.3390/s21216995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) system was employed to investigate the fast-kinetic reactive crystallization process of calcium carbonate. USCT measurements and reconstruction provided key insights into the bulk particle distribution inside the stirred tank reactor and could be used to estimate the settling rate and settling time of the particles. To establish the utility of the USCT system for dynamical crystallization processes, first, the experimental imaging tasks were carried out with the stirred solid beads, as well as the feeding and stirring of the CaCO3 crystals. The feeding region, the mixing process, and the particles settling time could be detected from USCT data. Reactive crystallization experiments for CO2 capture were then conducted. Moreover, there was further potential for quantitative characterization of the suspension density in this process. USCT-based reconstructions were investigated for several experimental scenarios and operating conditions. This study demonstrates a real-time monitoring and fault detection application of USCT for reactive crystallization processes. As a robust noninvasive and nonintrusive tool, real-time signal analysis and reconstruction can be beneficial in the development of monitoring and control systems with real-world applications for crystallization processes. A diverse range of experimental studies shown here demonstrate the versatility of the USCT system in process application, hoping to unlock the commercial and industrial utility of the USCT devices.
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13
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Elderderi S, Wils L, Leman-Loubière C, Byrne HJ, Chourpa I, Enguehard-Gueiffier C, Munnier E, Elbashir AA, Boudesocque-Delaye L, Bonnier F. In Situ Water Quantification in Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents Using Portable Raman Spectroscopy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185488. [PMID: 34576961 PMCID: PMC8471915 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy is a label-free, non-destructive, non-invasive analytical tool that provides insight into the molecular composition of samples with minimum or no sample preparation. The increased availability of commercial portable Raman devices presents a potentially easy and convenient analytical solution for day-to-day analysis in laboratories and production lines. However, their performance for highly specific and sensitive analysis applications has not been extensively evaluated. This study performs a direct comparison of such a commercially available, portable Raman system, with a research grade Raman microscope system for the analysis of water content of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES). NADES are renewable, biodegradable and easily tunable “green” solvents, outcompeting existing organic solvents for applications in extraction from biomass, biocatalysis, and nanoparticle synthesis. Water content in NADES is, however, a critical parameter, affecting their properties, optimal use and extraction efficiency. In the present study, portable Raman spectroscopy coupled with Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) is investigated for rapid determination of water content in NADES samples in situ, i.e., directly in glassware. Three NADES systems, namely Betaine Glycerol (BG), Choline Chloride Glycerol (CCG) and Glucose Glycerol (GG), containing a range of water concentrations between 0% (w/w) and 28.5% (w/w), were studied. The results are directly compared with previously published studies of the same systems, using a research grade Raman microscope. PLSR results demonstrate the reliability of the analysis, surrendering R2 values above 0.99. Root Mean Square Errors Prediction (RMSEP) of 0.6805%, 0.9859% and 1.2907% w/w were found for respectively unknown CCG, BG and GG samples using the portable device compared to 0.4715%, 0.3437% and 0.7409% w/w previously obtained by analysis in quartz cuvettes with a Raman confocal microscope. Despite the relatively higher values of RMSEP observed, the comparison of the percentage of relative errors in the predicted concentration highlights that, overall, the portable device delivers accuracy below 5%. Ultimately, it has been demonstrated that portable Raman spectroscopy enables accurate quantification of water in NADES directly through glass vials without the requirement for sample withdrawal. Such compact instruments provide solvent and consumable free analysis for rapid analysis directly in laboratories and for non-expert users. Portable Raman is a promising approach for high throughput monitoring of water content in NADES that can support the development of new analytical protocols in the field of green chemistry in research and development laboratories but also in the industry as a routine quality control tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suha Elderderi
- EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (S.E.); (I.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, P.O. Box 20, Wad Madani 21111, Sudan
| | - Laura Wils
- EA 7502 Synthèse et Isolement de Molécules BioActives (SIMBA), Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (L.W.); (C.L.-L.); (C.E.-G.); (L.B.-D.)
| | - Charlotte Leman-Loubière
- EA 7502 Synthèse et Isolement de Molécules BioActives (SIMBA), Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (L.W.); (C.L.-L.); (C.E.-G.); (L.B.-D.)
| | - Hugh J. Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, TU Dublin-City Campus, Dublin 8, Ireland;
| | - Igor Chourpa
- EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (S.E.); (I.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Cécile Enguehard-Gueiffier
- EA 7502 Synthèse et Isolement de Molécules BioActives (SIMBA), Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (L.W.); (C.L.-L.); (C.E.-G.); (L.B.-D.)
| | - Emilie Munnier
- EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (S.E.); (I.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Abdalla A. Elbashir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, Khartoum 11115, Sudan;
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leslie Boudesocque-Delaye
- EA 7502 Synthèse et Isolement de Molécules BioActives (SIMBA), Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (L.W.); (C.L.-L.); (C.E.-G.); (L.B.-D.)
| | - Franck Bonnier
- EA 6295 Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Tours, 31 Avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France; (S.E.); (I.C.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Zhao M, Garcia-Vaquero M, Przyborska J, Sivagnanam SP, Tiwari B. The development of analytical methods for the purity determination of fucoidan extracted from brown seaweed species. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:90-98. [PMID: 33460655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To determine the purity of extracted fucoidan from brown seaweeds, analytical methods were developed, including spectroscopy (i.e., Attenuate total reflectance (ATR) - Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman) combined with chemometrics; and the results were compared with those of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and other two chemistry methods (i.e., fucoidan estimation based on fucose content and a cationic dye method based on sulphated polysaccharide estimation). Quantitative models (i.e., partial least squares regression (PLSR)) were developed and cross-validated using FT-IR spectroscopic methods (R2CV ~ 0.998, RMSECV ~1.7%). The models were also validated using other four commercial fucoidan products. On the other hand, the same commercial samples were used to validate the two chemistry methods and the HPLC method. Estimation results of these analytical methods were discussed based on the potential of these analytical methods for fucoidan purity determination. The results demonstrated FT-IR spectroscopy with chemometrics potentially could be used for non-destructive and real time determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland.
| | - Marco Garcia-Vaquero
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Joanna Przyborska
- Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Institute of Technology Tralee, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | | | - Brijesh Tiwari
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland.
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15
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Application of PAT-Based Feedback Control Approaches in Pharmaceutical Crystallization. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11030221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Crystallization is one of the important unit operations for the separation and purification of solid products in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and pesticide industries, especially for realizing high-end, high-value solid products. The precise control of the solution crystallization process determines the polymorph, crystal shape, size, and size distribution of the crystal product, which is of great significance to improve product quality and production efficiency. In order to develop the crystallization process in a scientific method that is based on process parameters and data, process analysis technology (PAT) has become an important enabling platform. In this paper, we review the development of PAT in the field of crystallization in recent years. Based on the current research status of drug crystallization process control, the monitoring methods and control strategies of feedback control in the crystallization process were systematically summarized. The focus is on the application of model-free feedback control strategies based on the solution and solid information collected by various online monitoring equipment in product engineering, including improving particle size distribution, achieving polymorphic control, and improving purity. In this paper, the challenges of feedback control strategy in the crystallization process are also discussed, and the development trend of the feedback control strategy has been prospected.
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16
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Han D, Du S, Wu S, Ouyang R, Gong J. Optimizing the morphology of calcium d-pantothenate by controlling phase transformation processes. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01803a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A process for preparing calcium d-pantothenate tetramethanol monohydrate (d-PC·4MeOH·H2O) with a block-like morphology was developed, the solvent-free D-PC with a block-like morphology was obtained by controlling the de-solvation of d-PC·4MeOH·H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Shichao Du
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Songgu Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Ruiling Ouyang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Junbo Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
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17
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Acevedo D, Wu WL, Yang X, Pavurala N, Mohammad A, O'Connor TF. Evaluation of focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM) for monitoring and predicting the crystal size of carbamazepine in crystallization processes. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01388a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical crystallization affects the properties of APIs as it determines the purity and crystal size distribution, among other attributes. This work presents two CLD–CSD models, theoretical and empirical, for a model compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Acevedo
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality
- CDER
- FDA
- Silver Spring
- USA
| | - Wei-Lee Wu
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality
- CDER
- FDA
- Silver Spring
- USA
| | | | | | - Adil Mohammad
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality
- CDER
- FDA
- Silver Spring
- USA
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18
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Warzecha M, Verma L, Johnston BF, Palmer JC, Florence AJ, Vekilov PG. Olanzapine crystal symmetry originates in preformed centrosymmetric solute dimers. Nat Chem 2020; 12:914-920. [PMID: 32968232 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The symmetries of a crystal are notoriously uncorrelated to those of its constituent molecules. This symmetry breaking is typically thought to occur during crystallization. Here we demonstrate that one of the two symmetry elements of olanzapine crystals, an inversion centre, emerges in solute dimers extant in solution prior to crystallization. We combine time-resolved in situ scanning probe microscopy to monitor the crystal growth processes with all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. We show that crystals grow non-classically, predominantly by incorporation of centrosymmetric dimers. The growth rate of crystal layers exhibits a quadratic dependence on the solute concentration, characteristic of the second-order kinetics of the incorporation of dimers, which exist in equilibrium with a majority of monomers. We show that growth by dimers is preferred due to overwhelming accumulation of adsorbed dimers on the crystal surface, where it is complemented by dimerization and expedites dimer incorporation into growth sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Warzecha
- EPSRC CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lakshmanji Verma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Blair F Johnston
- EPSRC CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK.,National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK
| | - Jeremy C Palmer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Alastair J Florence
- EPSRC CMAC Future Manufacturing Research Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Innovation Centre, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Peter G Vekilov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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19
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Meng Z, Huang Y, Cheng S, Wang J. Investigation of Oiling‐Out Phenomenon of Small Organic Molecules in Crystallization Processes: A Review. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University No. 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University No. 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
| | - Shuo Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University No. 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin University No. 92 Weijin Road Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
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20
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Yang H, Kim J, Kim K. Study on the Crystallization Rates of β‐ and ϵ‐form HNIW in in‐situ Raman Spectroscopy and FBRM. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hee‐og Yang
- Department of Biological and Chemical EngineeringHanbat National University 125 Dongseodaero, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-718 Korea
| | - Jun‐Hyung Kim
- Agency for Defense Development 462 Jochiwon-gil, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-150 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang‐Joo Kim
- Department of Biological and Chemical EngineeringHanbat National University 125 Dongseodaero, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-718 Korea
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21
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Ma Y, Wu S, Macaringue EGJ, Zhang T, Gong J, Wang J. Recent Progress in Continuous Crystallization of Pharmaceutical Products: Precise Preparation and Control. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Co-innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songgu Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Co-innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Estevao Genito Joao Macaringue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Co-innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Teng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Co-innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junbo Gong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Co-innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
- Co-innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Nicoud L, Licordari F, Myerson AS. Polymorph control in batch seeded crystallizers. A case study with paracetamol. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01428k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We show that seeding is not always sufficient to control cystal polymorphism and illustrate how kinetic modeling can help controlling polymorphism.
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23
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Rodrigues M, Lopes J, Sarraguça M. Vibrational Spectroscopy for Cocrystals Screening. A Comparative Study. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123263. [PMID: 30544751 PMCID: PMC6321374 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A recurrent problem faced by the pharmaceutical industry when formulating drug products concerns poorly soluble drugs, which, despite having desirable pharmacological activity, present limited bioavailability. Cocrystallization is growing up as a possible approach to tackle this problem. Cocrystals are crystalline materials comprising at least two components, solid at room temperature, and held together by non-covalent bonds. The increasing interest in these compounds is steadily demanding faster, simpler, and more reliable methods for the task of screening new cocrystals. This work aims at comparing the performance of three vibrational spectroscopy techniques (mid infrared, near infrared, and Raman spectroscopy) for cocrystals screening. Presented results are based on hydrochlorothiazide, a poorly soluble drug belonging to class IV of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System. The implemented cocrystal screening procedure tested six coformers (all considered safe for human administration) added according to a drug:coformer ratio of 1:1 and 1:2 and seven solvents with different polarity. The screening method chosen was based on slurry cocrystallization performed by sonication (ultrasound assisted) in a 96-well plate. Results show that all evaluated vibrational spectroscopy techniques provided important information regarding cocrystal formation, including information on the groups involved in the cocrystallization and purity, and can be used for the screening task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Rodrigues
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Lopes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.Lisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal, .
| | - Mafalda Sarraguça
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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24
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Chemometrics coupled to vibrational spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging for the analysis of solid-phase pharmaceutical products: A brief review on non-destructive analytical methods. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Jung N, Windbergs M. Raman spectroscopy in pharmaceutical research and industry. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2017-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the fast-developing fields of pharmaceutical research and industry, the implementation of Raman spectroscopy and related technologies has been very well received due to the combination of chemical selectivity and the option for non-invasive analysis of samples. This chapter explores established and potential applications of Raman spectroscopy, confocal Raman microscopy and related techniques from the early stages of drug development research up to the implementation of these techniques in process analytical technology (PAT) concepts for large-scale production in the pharmaceutical industry. Within this chapter, the implementation of Raman spectroscopy in the process of selection and optimisation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and investigation of the interaction with excipients is described. Going beyond the scope of early drug development, the reader is introduced to the use of Raman techniques for the characterization of complex drug delivery systems, highlighting the technical requirements and describing the analysis of qualitative and quantitative composition as well as spatial component distribution within these pharmaceutical systems. Further, the reader is introduced to the application of Raman techniques for performance testing of drug delivery systems addressing drug release kinetics and interactions with biological systems ranging from single cells up to complex tissues. In the last part of this chapter, the advantages and recent developments of integrating Raman technologies into PAT processes for solid drug delivery systems and biologically derived pharmaceutics are discussed, demonstrating the impact of the technique on current quality control standards in industrial production and providing good prospects for future developments in the field of quality control at the terminal part of the supply chain and various other fields like individualized medicine.
On the way from the active drug molecule (API) in the research laboratory to the marketed medicine in the pharmacy, therapeutic efficacy of the active molecule and safety of the final medicine for the patient are of utmost importance. For each step, strict regulatory requirements apply which demand for suitable analytical techniques to acquire robust data to understand and control design, manufacturing and industrial large-scale production of medicines. In this context, Raman spectroscopy has come to the fore due to the combination of chemical selectivity and the option for non-invasive analysis of samples. Following the technical advancements in Raman equipment and analysis software, Raman spectroscopy and microscopy proofed to be valuable methods with versatile applications in pharmaceutical research and industry, starting from the analysis of single drug molecules as well as complex multi-component formulations up to automatized quality control during industrial production.
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26
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Abstract
Nucleation in food colloids has been studied in detail using ultrasound spectroscopy. Our data show that classical nucleation theory (CNT) remains a sound basis from which to understand nucleation in food colloids and analogous model systems using n-alkanes. Various interpretations and modifications of CNT are discussed with regard to their relevance to food colloids. Much of the evidence presented is based on the ultrasound velocity spectrometry measurements which has many advantages for the study of nucleating systems compared to light scattering and NMR due to its sensitivity at low solid contents and its ability to measure true solid contents in the nucleation and early crystal growth stages. Ultrasound attenuation spectroscopy also responds to critical fluctuations in the induction region. We show, however, that a periodic pressure fluctuation such as a quasi-continuous (as opposed to a pulse comprising only a few pressure cycles) ultrasound field can alter the nucleation process, even at very low acoustic intensity. Thus care must be taken when using ultrasound techniques that the measurements do not alter the studied processes. Quasi-continuous ultrasound fields may enhance or suppress nucleation and the criteria to determine such effects are derived. The conclusions of this paper are relevant to colloidal systems in foods, pharmaceuticals, agro-chemicals, cosmetics, and personal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm J W Povey
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Agrawal
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur Campus, Paper Mill Road, Saharanpur 247 001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sangram K. Samal
- Materials Research Centre, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
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28
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Acevedo D, Yang X, Mohammad A, Pavurala N, Wu WL, O’Connor TF, Nagy ZK, Cruz CN. Raman Spectroscopy for Monitoring the Continuous Crystallization of Carbamazepine. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Acevedo
- Office
of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Xiaochuan Yang
- Office
of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Adil Mohammad
- Office
of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Naresh Pavurala
- Office
of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Wei-Lee Wu
- Office
of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Thomas F. O’Connor
- Office
of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
| | - Zoltan K. Nagy
- Davidson
School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Celia N. Cruz
- Office
of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993-0002, United States
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29
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Taris A, Hansen TB, Rong BG, Grosso M, Qu H. Detection of Nucleation during Cooling Crystallization through Moving Window PCA Applied to in Situ Infrared Data. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.7b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Taris
- Dipartimento
Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, Cagliari, 09123, Italy
| | - Thomas B. Hansen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Ben-Guang Rong
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Massimiliano Grosso
- Dipartimento
Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, Cagliari, 09123, Italy
| | - Haiyan Qu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Environmental Technology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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30
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Borsos Á, Szilágyi B, Agachi PŞ, Nagy ZK. Real-Time Image Processing Based Online Feedback Control System for Cooling Batch Crystallization. Org Process Res Dev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Borsos
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Botond Szilágyi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Arany János Street 11, Cluj Napoca, 400084 Romania
| | - Paul Şerban Agachi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Arany János Street 11, Cluj Napoca, 400084 Romania
- College
of Engineering and Technology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology (BIUST), P. Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Zoltán K. Nagy
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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31
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Zhou L, Wang Z, Zhang M, Guo M, Xu S, Yin Q. Determination of metastable zone and induction time of analgin for cooling crystallization. Chin J Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2016.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Funatsu K. Soft Sensors: Chemoinformatic Model for Efficient Control and Operation in Chemical Plants. Mol Inform 2016; 35:549-554. [PMID: 27870239 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201600028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Soft sensor is statistical model as an essential tool for controlling pharmaceutical, chemical and industrial plants. I introduce soft sensor, the roles, the applications, the problems and the research examples such as adaptive soft sensor, database monitoring and efficient process control. The use of soft sensor enables chemical industrial plants to be operated more effectively and stably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimito Funatsu
- Kimito Funatsu, Department of Chemical System Engineering, The, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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33
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Sheng F, Chow PS, Yu ZQ, Tan RBH. Online Classification of Mixed Co-Crystal and Solute Suspensions using Raman Spectroscopy. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Sheng
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR
(Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island,
Singapore 627833, Singapore
| | - Pui Shan Chow
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR
(Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island,
Singapore 627833, Singapore
| | - Zai Qun Yu
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR
(Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island,
Singapore 627833, Singapore
| | - Reginald B. H. Tan
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, A*STAR
(Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island,
Singapore 627833, Singapore
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 119260, Singapore
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34
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Powell KA, Saleemi AN, Rielly CD, Nagy ZK. Monitoring Continuous Crystallization of Paracetamol in the Presence of an Additive Using an Integrated PAT Array and Multivariate Methods. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keddon A. Powell
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallization at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Ali N. Saleemi
- GSK, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Chris D. Rielly
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallization at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
| | - Zoltan K. Nagy
- EPSRC
Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and
Crystallization at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, U.K
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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35
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Holaň J, Skořepová E, Heraud L, Baltes D, Rohlíček J, Dammer O, Ridvan L, Štěpánek F. Polymorphic Crystallization and Structural Aspects of Agomelatine Metastable Form X Prepared by Combined Antisolvent/Cooling Process. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Holaň
- Zentiva k.s., U Kabelovny 130/22, 102 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Skořepová
- Zentiva k.s., U Kabelovny 130/22, 102 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Lea Heraud
- Sanofi SA, 45
Chemin de Météline, Sisteron, 04200, France
- Ecole Nationale
Supérieure des Ingénieurs
en Arts Chimiques et Technologiques, 4 Allée Émile Monso, 31030 Toulouse, France
| | - David Baltes
- Sanofi SA, 45
Chemin de Météline, Sisteron, 04200, France
| | | | - Ondřej Dammer
- Zentiva k.s., U Kabelovny 130/22, 102 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Ridvan
- Zentiva k.s., U Kabelovny 130/22, 102 00 Prague 10, Czech Republic
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Nondestructive detection of lead chrome green in tea by Raman spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15729. [PMID: 26508516 PMCID: PMC4623710 DOI: 10.1038/srep15729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy was first adopted for rapid detecting a hazardous substance of lead chrome green in tea, which was illegally added to tea to disguise as high-quality. 160 samples of tea infusion with different concentrations of lead chrome green were prepared for Raman spectra acquirement in the range of 2804 cm(-1)-230 cm(-1) and the spectral intensities were calibrated with relative intensity standards. Then wavelet transformation (WT) was adopted to extract information in different time and frequency domains from Raman spectra, and the low-frequency approximation signal (ca4) was proved as the most important information for establishment of lead chrome green measurement model, and the corresponding partial least squares (PLS) regression model obtained good performance in prediction with Rp and RMSEP of 0.936 and 0.803, respectively. To further explore the important wavenumbers closely related to lead chrome green, successive projections algorithm (SPA) was proposed. Finally, 8 characteristic wavenumbers closely related to lead chrome green were obtained and a more convenient and fast model was also developed. These results proved the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy for nondestructive detection of lead chrome green in tea quality control.
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Takeguchi K, Obitsu K, Hirasawa S, Orii R, Ieda S, Okada M, Takiyama H. Strategy for Controlling Polymorphism of Di(Arylamino) Aryl Compound ASP3026 and Monitoring Solution Structures via Raman Spectroscopy. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Takeguchi
- Technology
Process Chemistry Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 160-2 Akahama, Takahagi, Ibaraki 318-0001, Japan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Obitsu
- Technology
Process Chemistry Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 160-2 Akahama, Takahagi, Ibaraki 318-0001, Japan
| | - Shun Hirasawa
- Technology
Process Chemistry Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 160-2 Akahama, Takahagi, Ibaraki 318-0001, Japan
| | - Ryoki Orii
- Technology
Process Chemistry Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 160-2 Akahama, Takahagi, Ibaraki 318-0001, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ieda
- Astellas Pharma
Tech Co., Ltd., 160-2 Akahama, Takahagi, Ibaraki 318-0001, Japan
| | - Minoru Okada
- Technology
Process Chemistry Laboratories, Astellas Pharma Inc., 160-2 Akahama, Takahagi, Ibaraki 318-0001, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takiyama
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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Kaneko H, Funatsu K. Classification of drug tablets using hyperspectral imaging and wavelength selection with a GAWLS method modified for classification. Int J Pharm 2015; 491:130-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Paudel A, Raijada D, Rantanen J. Raman spectroscopy in pharmaceutical product design. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 89:3-20. [PMID: 25868453 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Almost 100 years after the discovery of the Raman scattering phenomenon, related analytical techniques have emerged as important tools in biomedical sciences. Raman spectroscopy and microscopy are frontier, non-invasive analytical techniques amenable for diverse biomedical areas, ranging from molecular-based drug discovery, design of innovative drug delivery systems and quality control of finished products. This review presents concise accounts of various conventional and emerging Raman instrumentations including associated hyphenated tools of pharmaceutical interest. Moreover, relevant application cases of Raman spectroscopy in early and late phase pharmaceutical development, process analysis and micro-structural analysis of drug delivery systems are introduced. Finally, potential areas of future advancement and application of Raman spectroscopic techniques are discussed.
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Nguyen DLT, Kim KJ. Inline Monitoring of Taltirelin Crystallization in Batch Cooling Mode Using Raman Spectroscopy. Chem Eng Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201400725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sacré PY, Netchacovitch L, De Bleye C, Chavez PF, Servais C, Klinkenberg R, Streel B, Hubert P, Ziemons E. Thorough characterization of a Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System with Raman hyperspectral imaging: A case study. Int J Pharm 2015; 484:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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44
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Wang G, Ma Y, Wang Y, Hao H, Jiang Y. Investigation of Solution-Mediated Phase Transformation of Cefuroxime Acid to Its Acetonitrile Solvate. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/op500304u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Youguang Ma
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Shandong, Jinan 250022, China
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45
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Netchacovitch L, Thiry J, De Bleye C, Chavez PF, Krier F, Sacré PY, Evrard B, Hubert P, Ziemons E. Vibrational spectroscopy and microspectroscopy analyzing qualitatively and quantitatively pharmaceutical hot melt extrudates. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 113:21-33. [PMID: 25704954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the last decade, more and more Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) candidates have poor water solubility inducing low bioavailability. These molecules belong to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) classes II and IV. Thanks to Hot-Melt Extrusion (HME), it is possible to incorporate these candidates in pharmaceutical solid forms. Indeed, HME increases the solubility and the bioavailability of these drugs by encompassing them in a polymeric carrier and by forming solid dispersions. Moreover, in 2004, the FDA's guidance initiative promoted the usefulness of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) tools when developing a manufacturing process. Indeed, the main objective when developing a new pharmaceutical process is the product quality throughout the production chain. The trend is to follow this parameter in real-time in order to react immediately when there is a bias. Vibrational spectroscopic techniques, NIR and Raman, are useful to analyze processes in-line. Moreover, off-line Raman microspectroscopy is more and more used when developing new pharmaceutical processes or when analyzing optimized ones by combining the advantages of Raman spectroscopy and imaging. It is an interesting tool for homogeneity and spatial distribution studies. This review treats about spectroscopic techniques analyzing a HME process, as well off-line as in-line, presenting their advantages and their complementarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Netchacovitch
- University of Liege (ULg), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, CHU, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B36, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - J Thiry
- University of Liege (ULg), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, CHU, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B36, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - C De Bleye
- University of Liege (ULg), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, CHU, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B36, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - P-F Chavez
- University of Liege (ULg), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, CHU, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B36, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - F Krier
- University of Liege (ULg), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, CHU, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B36, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - P-Y Sacré
- University of Liege (ULg), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, CHU, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B36, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - B Evrard
- University of Liege (ULg), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, CHU, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B36, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Ph Hubert
- University of Liege (ULg), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, CHU, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B36, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - E Ziemons
- University of Liege (ULg), Department of Pharmacy, CIRM, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, CHU, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B36, B-4000 Liege, Belgium
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46
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A Mini-review on Chemoinformatics Approaches for Drug Discovery. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER AIDED CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.2751/jcac.16.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Simone E, Saleemi AN, Nagy ZK. Raman, UV, NIR, and Mid-IR Spectroscopy with Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement in Monitoring Polymorphic Transformations. Chem Eng Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201400203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Csontos I, Pataki H, Farkas A, Bata H, Vajna B, Nagy ZK, Keglevich G, Marosi GJ. Feedback Control of Oximation Reaction by Inline Raman Spectroscopy. Org Process Res Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/op500015d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- István Csontos
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Organic Chemical
Technology, H-1111 Budapest, Müegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Pataki
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Organic Chemical
Technology, H-1111 Budapest, Müegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Attila Farkas
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Organic Chemical
Technology, H-1111 Budapest, Müegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Henrik Bata
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Organic Chemical
Technology, H-1111 Budapest, Müegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Balázs Vajna
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Organic Chemical
Technology, H-1111 Budapest, Müegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Zsombor K. Nagy
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Organic Chemical
Technology, H-1111 Budapest, Müegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - György Keglevich
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Organic Chemical
Technology, H-1111 Budapest, Müegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - György J. Marosi
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Organic Chemical
Technology, H-1111 Budapest, Müegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
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