1
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Luo Y, Deng X, Zhang Y, Sun G, Yan Z. Enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction of 2-cyclohexylmandelic acid enantiomers using chiral ionic liquids. Chirality 2024; 36:e23682. [PMID: 38807280 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Obtaining optically pure compounds in an eco-friendly and cost-efficient manner plays an important role in human health and pharmaceutical industry. Racemic separation using multistage stereoselective liquid-liquid extraction has become one of the most practical and effective approach to access homochiral enantiomers. Currently, chiral ionic liquids (CILs) with structural designability have become a promising chiral additive and enable them as adjustable candidates for racemic separation. Herein, a high-effective stereoselective liquid-liquid extraction process composed of imidazolium cations and amino acid-derived anions as the chiral additive was established for racemic 2-cyclohexylmandelic acid (CHMA) separation. We have systematically investigated the choice of organic solvent, concentration of CIL, extraction temperature, and the pH of aqueous phase. For three-stage stereoselective extraction, the maximum enantiomeric excess (e.e.) for CHMA was reached up to 40.6%. Furthermore, the mechanism of steric effect and stereoselective capacity between the CILs and racemic CHMA was discussed and simulated. We envision that the work will facilitate the development of CILs in multistage liquid-liquid extraction and promote the large-scale production of optically pure enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachun Luo
- Department of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Deng
- Department of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Genlin Sun
- Department of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhihong Yan
- Department of pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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2
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Sui J, Wang N, Wang J, Huang X, Wang T, Zhou L, Hao H. Strategies for chiral separation: from racemate to enantiomer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11955-12003. [PMID: 37969602 PMCID: PMC10631238 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01630g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral separation has become a crucial topic for effectively utilizing superfluous racemates synthesized by chemical means and satisfying the growing requirements for producing enantiopure chiral compounds. However, the remarkably close physical and chemical properties of enantiomers present significant obstacles, making it necessary to develop novel enantioseparation methods. This review comprehensively summaries the latest developments in the main enantioseparation methods, including preparative-scale chromatography, enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction, crystallization-based methods for chiral separation, deracemization process coupling racemization and crystallization, porous material method and membrane resolution method, focusing on significant cases involving crystallization, deracemization and membranes. Notably, potential trends and future directions are suggested based on the state-of-art "coupling" strategy, which may greatly reinvigorate the existing individual methods and facilitate the emergence of cross-cutting ideas among researchers from different enantioseparation domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchen Sui
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
| | - Na Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
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3
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Zhu B, Qiu H, Ma C, Chen S, Zhu J, Tong S. Recent progress on chiral extractants for enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1709:464389. [PMID: 37741223 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
As the demand for enantiopure compounds increases, chiral separation has become increasingly important in many fields. Enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction is an up-and-coming technology for enantiomeric separation because it is highly efficient and easy to be scaled up. The key factor for enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction is the development of novel chiral extractants with high enantiorecognition performance. With successful studies on catalytically active metal complexes as chiral extractants, novel chiral extractants can be screened and designed from the field of asymmetric catalysis. Chiral ionic liquids, sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrins bonded magnetic nanoparticles and 2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1,1'-spirobi[indene]-7,7'-diol (SPINOL) based phosphoric acid host show unique potential ability in enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction and they deserve further study. Brief principles, extraction equipment and solvent systems in enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction are presented in the present paper, and recent progress in development of new chiral extractants in the past decade is mainly reviewed, including metal complexes, cyclodextrins, ionic liquids, tartrate acids and crown ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Moganshan Campus, Gongda Road 1, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Huiyun Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Moganshan Campus, Gongda Road 1, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Chenlei Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Moganshan Campus, Gongda Road 1, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Moganshan Campus, Gongda Road 1, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Junchao Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Moganshan Campus, Gongda Road 1, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Moganshan Campus, Gongda Road 1, Huzhou 313200, China.
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4
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Wang H, Yang Y, Qin S, Hu K, Zhong C, Ouyang J, Liu X. Enantioseparation of amino acid and mandelic acid enantiomers using Josiphos-metal complexes as chiral extractants. Chirality 2023; 35:256-265. [PMID: 36659867 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of new and efficient chiral extractants has always been the research hotspot and difficulty in the field of chiral extraction. Josiphos, a famous ferrocene derivative catalyst, is employed as a chiral extractant in enantioseparation of amino acid and mandelic acid enantiomers. The influences of metal ions, organic solvents, pH of the aqueous solution, extractant concentrations, and extraction temperature on enantioselectivities are systematically studied. The result reveals that Josiphos-Pd has good capabilities to enantioseparate 4-nitro-phenylalanine (Nphe), 3-chloro-phenylglycine (Cpheg), and mandelic acid (MA) with separation factors (α) of 3.30, 2.65, and 2.18, respectively. The pH of the aqueous phase and Josiphos-Pd concentration affect the extraction significantly, whereas extraction temperature shows little influence. After optimizing by response surface method, the mathematical models for extractions are established. And the highest experimental performance factors (pf) for Nphe, Cpheg, and MA are 0.1843, 0.1335, and 0.08884, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Yanning Yang
- Hunan veterinary medicine and feed Supervision Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuping Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Kangyu Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Changyuan Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Junying Ouyang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
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Sun W, Qiu H, You H, Chen B, Fang L, Qian J, Tong S. Degree and distribution of substitution of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction and countercurrent chromatographic enantioseparation. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1687:463684. [PMID: 36502644 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nine types of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) with different degrees and distributions of substitution were synthesised, and nine racemates were selected to investigate the effect of different degrees and distributions of substitution of HP-β-CD on the enantioseparation factor. 1H NMR and GC/MS were used to characterise the synthesised HP-β-CD. The degree and distribution of substitution had a significant influence on enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction and enantioseparation by countercurrent chromatography. For most of the tested racemates, increasing both the degree of substitution and distribution of substitution at the C-2 position for HP-β-CD would lead to an increasing enantioseparation factor; the optimal enantioseparation factor of 2-phenylbutyric acid, tropic acid, 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid, 2-(4-hydroxylphenyl) propanoic acid, and naproxen was increased to 1.77, 1.53, 1.67, 1.61, and 1.75, respectively. The enantioseparation of racemic naproxen, 2-(4-hydroxylphenyl) propanoic acid, and 2,3-diphenylpropionic acid by countercurrent chromatography was optimised using HP-β-CD with a degree of substitution of 16.5, and peak resolution was significantly improved to 1.03, 1.35, and 1.01, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314000, China
| | - Huiyun Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Haibo You
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Ben Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Liqun Fang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Junqing Qian
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Wang H, Yang Y, Chen S, Xiao W, Hu K, Zhong C, Ouyang J, Liu X. Enantioseparation of amino acid and mandelic acid enantiomers using Garphos derivatives as chiral extractants. Chirality 2022; 34:1239-1246. [PMID: 35689412 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, Garphos with different substituents were employed as chiral extractants to enantioseparate racemic amino acid and mandelic acid. The influences of metal precursors, pH of aqueous solution, Garphos-metal concentration, extraction temperature, and substituent effect on extraction were investigated. The results indicated that the substituent groups significantly affected the π-π interaction between extractant and substrate. And the separation factors (α) for Garphos could be remarkably improved by regulating substituent groups. Garphos-II-Pd, Garphos-VI-Pd, Garphos-III-Pd, Garphos-I-Cu, Garphos-VI-Cu, and Garphos-V-Pd were the most efficient extractants for phenylalanine (Phe), homophenylalanine (Hphe), 4-nitrophenylalanine (Nphe), 3-chlorophenylglycine (Cpheg), mandelic acid (MA), and 2-chlormandelic acid (CMA) with α values of 2.40, 2.37, 5.37, 1.59, 5.98, and 3.69, respectively. This work provided an important reference for the design of efficient chiral extractants in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Yanning Yang
- Hunan veterinary medicine and feed Supervision Institute, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuhuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjie Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Kangyu Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Changyuan Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Junying Ouyang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
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7
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Wang W, Yang Y, Tang K. Equilibrium on reactive extraction of glabridin in a quaternary solvent system containing SBE-β-CD. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Xiao W, Chen S, Liu X, Ma Y. Investigation of Taniaphos as a chiral selector in chiral extraction of amino acid enantiomers. Chirality 2021; 33:292-302. [PMID: 33763900 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Finding chiral selector with high stereoselectivity to a variety of amino acid enantiomers remains a challenge and warrants further research. In this work, Taniaphos, a chiral ligand with rotatable spatial configuration, was employed as a chiral extractant to enantioseparate various amino acid enantiomers. Phenylalanine (Phe), homophenylalanine (Hphe), 4-nitrophenylalanine (Nphe), and 3-chloro-phenylglycine (Cpheg) were used as substrates to evaluate the extraction efficiency. The results revealed that Taniaphos-Cu exhibited good abilities to enantioseparate Phe, Hphe, Nphe, and Cpheg with the highest separation factors (α) of 3.13, 2.10, 2.32, and 2.14, respectively. Taniaphos-Cu is more conducive to combine with D-amino acid in extraction. The influences of pH, Taniaphos-Cu, and concentration and extraction temperature on extraction were comprehensively evaluated. The highest performance factors (pf) for Phe, Hphe, Nphe, and Cpheg at optimal extraction conditions were 0.08892, 0.1250, 0.09621, and 0.08021, respectively. The recognition mechanism between Taniaphos-Cu and amino acid enantiomers was discussed. The coordination interaction between Taniaphos-Cu and COO- , π-π interaction between Taniaphos-Cu and amino acid enantiomers are important acting forces in chiral extraction. The steric-hindrance between NH2 and OH lead to Taniaphos-Cu-D-Phe is more stable than Taniaphos-Cu-L-Phe. This work provided a chiral extractant that has good abilities to enantioseparate various amino acid enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Shuhuan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
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Enantioseparation of 3-Chlorophenylglycine enantiomers using Mandyphos-Pd as chiral extractant. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Liu X, Chen S, Ma Y, Xiao W. Enantioseparation of 4-Nitrophenylalanine using (S)-SDP-metal complex as chiral extractant. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Liu L, Sun D, Li F, Ma S, Tan Z. Enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction of valine enantiomers in the aqueous two-phase system formed by the cholinium amino acid ionic liquid copper complexes and salt. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Liu X, Ma Y, Liu Q, Wei X, Yang J, Yu L. Chiral extraction of amino acid and mandelic acid enantiomers using chiral diphosphine ligands with tunable dihedral angles. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Liu X, Ma Y, Xu L, Liu Q. Enantioselective liquid‐liquid extraction of 3‐chloro‐phenylglycine enantiomers using (
S
,
S
)‐DIOP as extractant. Chirality 2019; 31:750-758. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan Hunan China
| | - Yu Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan Hunan China
| | - Longqi Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan Hunan China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South University Changsha Hunan China
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Ma Y, Liu X, Zhou W, Cao T. Enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction of DL-mandelic acid using chiral diphosphine ligands as extractants. Chirality 2019; 31:248-255. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.23054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University of Science and Technology; Xiangtan China
| | - Xiong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University of Science and Technology; Xiangtan China
| | - Wenqi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University of Science and Technology; Xiangtan China
| | - Ting Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Hunan University of Science and Technology; Xiangtan China
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